(EU)No 1881-2006 欧盟食品污染物限量标准(中文版)
EC1881-2006中文版食品中特定污染物的最大限量
1.3
新鲜生菜(萬苣)(有防护和室外生长的萬苣)不 包括1.4中列出的萬苣
10.1-3.31收获
覆膜生菜
4500
露天生长的生菜
4000
4. 1-9.30收获
覆膜萬苣
3500
潺天生长的萬苣
2500
1.4
冰型生菜
覆膜生菜
2500
露天生长的生菜
2000
1.5
为婴儿和儿童加工的谷物制品和婴幼儿食品(3)(4)
用于人类直接食用或作为食品配料的落花生、坚果 和其他加工制品
2 (5)
4 (5)
2.1.4
在食用干制水果或将其作为食品配料之前应对其进 行挑选，或者进行其他的物理处理
5
10
-
2.1.5
用于人类直接食用或作为食品配料的干制水果和其 他加工制品
2
4
2. 1.6
所有谷物及其制品，包括经加工的谷物制品(2.1.7、
20 (20)
2. 5.8
加工玉米食品，专供婴幼儿及儿童食用（3、7）
20 (20)
2.6
伏马菌素
B1和B2的总和
2.6・1
未加工的玉米（18）
2000 (23)
2. 6.2
玉米淀粉、脱胚玉米粉、粗玉米粉、玉米胚芽油及 精制玉米油
1000 (23)
2. 6.3
供人类直接食用的玉米制品，不包括2.6.2、2.6.4列出的食品
1250
2.4.2
未加工硬质小麦、燕麦（18、19）
1750
2.4.3
未加工玉米（18）
1750 (20)
2.4.4
人类直接食用的谷物、谷物淀粉（包括玉米淀粉、 玉米粉、和粗玉米粉（21））
国内外橄榄油标准比较分析
中国食物与营养 2024，30（2）：21-25Food and Nutrition in China国内外橄榄油标准比较分析谭亚男1，2，陆阳1，2，胡月恒1，2，刘云龙1，2，刘忠莹1，2，王鑫1，2（1四川省食品检验研究院，成都610040；2国家市场监管重点实验室（白酒监管技术），成都610040）摘要：目的：比较中国及国际食品法典委员会（CAC）等不同国际组织及国家或地区的橄榄油产品标准，食品重金属限量及农药残留等通用安全标准的异同。
方法：收集并整理国际食品法典委员会以及欧盟、日本等不同国际组织及国家或地区的橄榄油相关法规和标准等规定，比较不同的橄榄油法规和标准的重点内容。
结果：中国橄榄油食品重金属限量方面监管的项目和限量水平达到国际先进水平；不同国际组织及国家或地区根据本国现状，制定了相应的农药残留限量标准，存在一定差异。
结论：倍硫磷、吡丙醚、噻嗪酮等部分农药残留可以作为中国橄榄油农残的风险点进行关注，为完善我国橄榄油重金属及农药残留法规标准、规范橄榄油进出口行业提供参考依据。
关键词：橄榄油；重金属残留；农药残留；标准比较作为“地中海饮食”的重要组成部分的橄榄油，在世界范围内受到越来越多的消费者喜爱。
橄榄油中多酚类抗氧化物、不饱和脂肪酸、油酸等成分含量丰富，具有降低胆固醇，抗氧化和预防心脏病和癌症等作用［1-3］。
产品质量标准和安全标准是橄榄油质量安全的重要保障［4-7］。
本研究比较中国及国际食品法典委员会（CAC）、美国、加拿大、日本等主要国际组织及不同国家橄榄油产品标准、重金属及农药残留限量标准［8-14］，梳理橄榄油食品安全监管中可能出现的风险项目，为完善我国橄榄油重金属及农药残留标准提供数据依据，对提高国产橄榄油质量具有一定的参考意义。
1 中国橄榄油相关标准1.1 中国橄榄油产品标准2022年5月1日发布的产品标准《GB/T 23347—2021中华人民共和国国家标准橄榄油、油橄榄果渣油》规定了橄榄油、油橄榄果渣油的术语和定义、分类、基本组成、质量要求、检验方法等［15-16］。
EC 1881-2006 欧盟关于食品污染物最高限量的新法规
COMMISSION REGULATION(EC)No1881/2006of19December2006setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs(Text with EEA relevance)THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,Having regard to Council Regulation(EEC)No315/93of8 February1993laying down Community procedures for contaminants in food(1),and in particular Article2(3)thereof,Whereas:(1)Commission Regulation(EC)No466/2001of8March2001setting maximum levels for certain contaminants infoodstuffs(2)has been amended substantially manytimes.It is necessary to amend again maximum levelsfor certain contaminants to take into account new infor-mation and developments in Codex Alimentarius.At thesame time,the text should,where appropriate,beclarified.Regulation(EC)No466/2001should thereforebe replaced.(2)It is essential,in order to protect public health,to keepcontaminants at levels which are toxicologicallyacceptable.(3)In view of disparities between the laws of Member Statesand the consequent risk of distortion of competition,forsome contaminants Community measures are necessaryin order to ensure market unity while abiding by theprinciple of proportionality.(4)Maximum levels should be set at a strict level which isreasonably achievable by following good agricultural,fishery and manufacturing practices and taking intoaccount the risk related to the consumption of thefood.In the case of contaminants which are consideredto be genotoxic carcinogens or in cases where currentexposure of the population or of vulnerable groups inthe population is close to or exceeds the tolerable intake,maximum levels should be set at a level which is as lowas reasonably achievable(ALARA).Such approachesensure that food business operators apply measures toprevent and reduce the contamination as far as possiblein order to protect public health.It is furthermore appro-priate for the health protection of infants and youngchildren,a vulnerable group,to establish the lowestmaximum levels,which are achievable through a strictselection of the raw materials used for the manufacturingof foods for infants and young children.This strictselection of the raw materials is also appropriate forthe production of some specific foodstuffs such as branfor direct human consumption.(5)To allow maximum levels to be applied to dried,diluted,processed and compound foodstuffs,where no specificCommunity maximum levels have been established,foodbusiness operators should provide the specific concen-tration and dilution factors accompanied by the appro-priate experimental data justifying the factor proposed.(6)To ensure an efficient protection of public health,products containing contaminants exceeding themaximum levels should not be placed on the marketeither as such,after mixture with other foodstuffs orused as an ingredient in other foods.(7)It is recognised that sorting or other physical treatmentsmake it possible to reduce the aflatoxin content ofconsignments of groundnuts,nuts,dried fruit andmaize.In order to minimise the effects on trade,it isappropriate to allow higher aflatoxin contents for thoseproducts which are not intended for direct humanconsumption or as an ingredient in foodstuffs.In thesecases,the maximum levels for aflatoxins should be fixedtaking into consideration the effectiveness of the above-mentioned treatments to reduce the aflatoxin content ingroundnuts,nuts,dried fruit and maize to levels belowthe maximum limits fixed for those products intendedfor direct human consumption or use as an ingredient infoodstuffs.(8)To enable effective enforcement of the maximum levelsfor certain contaminants in certain foodstuffs,it is appro-priate to provide for suitable labelling provisions forthese cases.(1)OJ L37,13.2.1993,p.1.Regulation as amended by Regulation(EC)No1882/2003of the European Parliament and of the Council(OJ L284,31.10.2003,p.1).(2)OJ L77,16.3.2001,p.1.Regulation as last amended by Regulation(EC)No199/2006(OJ L32,4.2.2006,p.32).(9)Because of the climatic conditions in some MemberStates,it is difficult to ensure that the maximum levelsare not exceeded for fresh lettuce and fresh spinach.These Member States should be allowed for atemporary period to continue to authorise themarketing of fresh lettuce and fresh spinach grown andintended for consumption in their territory with nitratecontents exceeding the maximum levels.Lettuce andspinach producers established in the Member Stateswhich have given the aforementioned authorisationsshould progressively modify their farming methods byapplying the good agricultural practices recommendedat national level.(10)Certain fish species originating from the Baltic regionmay contain high levels of dioxins and dioxin-likePCBs.A significant proportion of these fish speciesfrom the Baltic region will not comply with themaximum levels and would therefore be excluded fromthe diet.There are indications that the exclusion of fishfrom the diet may have a negative health impact in theBaltic region.(11)Sweden and Finland have a system in place which hasthe capacity to ensure that consumers are fully informedof the dietary recommendations concerning restrictionson consumption of fish from the Baltic region by ident-ified vulnerable groups of the population in order toavoid potential health risks.Therefore,it is appropriateto grant a derogation to Finland and Sweden to place onthe market for a temporary period certain fish speciesoriginating in the Baltic region and intended forconsumption in their territory with levels of dioxinsand dioxin-like PCBs higher than those set in this Regu-lation.The necessary measures must be implemented toensure that fish and fish products not complying withthe maximum levels are not marketed in other MemberStates.Finland and Sweden report every year to theCommission the results of their monitoring of thelevels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in fish from theBaltic region and the measures to reduce humanexposure to dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs from theBaltic region.(12)To ensure that the maximum levels are enforced in auniform way,the same sampling criteria and the sameanalysis performance criteria should be applied by thecompetent authorities throughout the Community.It isfurthermore important that analytical results are reportedand interpreted in a uniform way.The measures asregards sampling and analysis specified in this Regulationprovide for uniform rules on reporting and interpret-ation.(13)For certain contaminants,Member States and interestedparties should monitor and report levels,as well reporton the progress with regard to application of pre-ventative measures,to allow the Commission to assessthe need to modify existing measures or to adopt addi-tional measures.(14)Any maximum level adopted at Community level can besubject to a review to take account of the advance ofscientific and technical knowledge and improvements ingood agricultural,fishery and manufacturing practices.(15)Bran and germ can be marketed for direct humanconsumption and it is therefore appropriate to establisha maximum level for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone inthese commodities.(16)Codex Alimentarius has recently set a maximum level forlead in fish which the Community accepted.It istherefore appropriate to modify the current provisionfor lead in fish accordingly.(17)Regulation(EC)No853/2004of the EuropeanParliament and Council of29April2004laying downspecific hygiene rules for food of animal origin(3)definesfoodstuffs of animal origin,and consequently the entriesas regards foodstuffs of animal origin should be amendedin some cases according to the terminology used in thatRegulation.(18)It is necessary to provide that the maximum levels forcontaminants do not apply to the foodstuffs which havebeen lawfully placed on the Community market beforethe date of application of these maximum levels.(19)As regards nitrate,vegetables are the major source for thehuman intake of nitrate.The Scientific Committee onFood(SCF)stated in its opinion of22September1995(4)that the total intake of nitrate is normally wellbelow the acceptable daily intake(ADI)of3,65mg/kgbody weight(bw).It recommended,however,con-tinuation of efforts to reduce exposure to nitrate viafood and water.(20)Since climatic conditions have a major influence on thelevels of nitrate in certain vegetables such as lettuce andspinach,different maximum nitrate levels shouldtherefore be fixed depending on the season.(3)OJ L139,30.4.2004,p.55,as corrected by OJ L226,25.6.2004,p.22.Regulation as last amended by Regulation(EC)No 1662/2006(OJ L320,18.11.2006,p.1).(4)Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food,38th series,Opinionof the Scientific Committee for Food on nitrates and nitrite,p.1, http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_38.pdf(21)As regards aflatoxins,the SCF expressed in its opinion of23September1994that aflatoxins are genotoxic car-cinogens(5).Based on that opinion,it is appropriate tolimit the total aflatoxin content of food(sum of afla-toxins B1,B2,G1and G2)as well as the aflatoxin B1content alone,aflatoxin B1being by far the most toxiccompound.For aflatoxin M1in foods for infants andyoung children,a possible reduction of the currentmaximum level should be considered in the light ofdevelopments in analytical procedures.(22)As regards ochratoxin A(OTA),the SCF adopted ascientific opinion on17September1998(6).Anassessment of the dietary intake of OTA by the popu-lation of the Community has been performed(7)in theframework of Council Directive93/5/EEC of25February1993on assistance to the Commission and cooperationby the Member States in the scientific examination ofquestions relating to food(8)(SCOOP).The EuropeanFood Safety Authority(EFSA)has,on a request fromthe Commission,adopted an updated scientific opinionrelating to ochratoxin A in food on4April2006(9),taking into account new scientific information andderived a tolerable weekly intake(TWI)of120ng/kg bw.(23)Based on these opinions,it is appropriate to setmaximum levels for cereals,cereal products,dried vinefruit,roasted coffee,wine,grape juice and foods forinfants and young children,all of which contributesignificantly to general human exposure to OTA or tothe exposure of vulnerable groups of consumers such aschildren.(24)The appropriateness of setting a maximum level for OTAin foodstuffs such as dried fruit other than dried vinefruit,cocoa and cocoa products,spices,meat products,green coffee,beer and liquorice,as well as a review of theexisting maximum levels,in particular for OTA in driedvine fruit and grape juice,will be considered in the lightof the recent EFSA scientific opinion.(25)As regards patulin,the SCF endorsed in its meeting on8March2000the provisional maximum tolerable dailyintake(PMTDI)of0,4μg/kg bw for patulin(10).(26)In2001,a SCOOP-task‘Assessment of the dietary intakeof patulin by the population of EU Member States’in theframework of Directive93/5/EEC was performed(11).(27)Based on that assessment and taking into account thePMTDI,maximum levels should be set for patulin incertain foodstuffs to protect consumers from un-acceptable contamination.These maximum levelsshould be reviewed and,if necessary,reduced takinginto account the progress in scientific and technologicalknowledge and the implementation of CommissionRecommendation2003/598/EC of11August2003onthe prevention and reduction of patulin contamination inapple juice and apple juice ingredients in otherbeverages(12).(28)As regards Fusarium toxins,the SCF has adopted severalopinions evaluating deoxynivalenol in December1999(13)establishing a tolerable daily intake(TDI)of1μg/kg bw,zearalenone in June2000(14)establishing atemporary TDI of0,2μg/kg bw,fumonisins in October2000(15)(updated in April2003)(16)establishing a TDIof2μg/kg bw,nivalenol in October2000(17)estab-lishing a temporary TDI of0,7μg/kg bw,T-2andHT-2toxin in May2001(18)establishing a combinedtemporary TDI of0,06μg/kg bw and the trichothecenesas group in February2002(19).(5)Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food,35th series,Opinionof the Scientific Committee for Food on aflatoxins,ochratoxin A and patulin,p.45,http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_35.pdf(6)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Ochratoxin A(expressed on17September1998)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out14_en.html(7)Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation,Task3.2.7‘Assessmentof dietary intake of Ochratoxin A by the population of EU Member States’.http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/task_3-2-7_en.pdf(8)OJ L52,4.3.1993,p.18.(9)Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the Food Chainof the EFSA on a request from the Commission related to ochratoxin A in food.http://www.efsa.europa.eu/etc/medialib/efsa/ science/contam/contam_opinions/1521.Par.0001.File.dat/contam_op _ej365_ochratoxin_a_food_en1.pdf (10)Minutes of the120th Meeting of the Scientific Committee on Foodheld on8and9March2000in Brussels,Minute statement on patulin.http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out55_en.pdf(11)Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation,Task3.2.8,‘Assessmentof dietary intake of Patulin by the population of EU Member States’.http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/3.2.8_en.pdf(12)OJ L203,12.8.2003,p.34.(13)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart1:Deoxynivalenol(DON),(expressed on2December1999) http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out44_en.pdf(14)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart2:Zearalenone(ZEA),(expressed on22June2000)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out65_en.pdf(15)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart3:Fumonisin B1(FB1)(expressed on17October2000) http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out73_en.pdf(16)Updated opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food onFumonisin B1,B2and B3(expressed on4April2003)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out185_en.pdf(17)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart4:Nivalenol(expressed on19October2000)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out74_en.pdf(18)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart5:T-2toxin and HT-2toxin(adopted on30May2001) http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out88_en.pdf(19)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart6:Group evaluation of T-2toxin,HT-2toxin,nivalenol and deoxynivalenol.(adopted on26February2002)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out123_en.pdf(29)In the framework of Directive93/5/EEC the SCOOP-task‘Collection of occurrence data on Fusarium toxins in foodand assessment of dietary intake by the population of EUMember States’was performed and finalised inSeptember2003(20).(30)Based on the scientific opinions and the assessment ofthe dietary intake,it is appropriate to set maximum levelsfor deoxynivalenol,zearalenone and fumonisins.Asregards fumonisins,monitoring control results of therecent harvests indicate that maize and maize productscan be very highly contaminated by fumonisins and it isappropriate that measures are taken to avoid such unac-ceptably highly contaminated maize and maize productscan enter the food chain.(31)Intake estimates indicate that the presence of T-2andHT-2toxin can be of concern for public health.Therefore,the development of a reliable and sensitivemethod,collection of more occurrence data and moreinvestigations/research in the factors involved in thepresence of T-2and HT-2toxin in cereals and cerealproducts,in particular in oats and oat products,isnecessary and of high priority.(32)It is not necessary due to co-occurrence to considerspecific measures for3-acetyl deoxynivalenol,15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and fumonisin B3,as measures withregard to in particular deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B1and B2would also protect the human population froman unacceptable exposure from3-acetyl deoxynivalenol,15-acetyl deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B3.The sameapplies to nivalenol for which to a certain degree co-occurrence with deoxynivalenol can be observed.Furthermore,human exposure to nivalenol is estimatedto be significantly below the t-TDI.As regards othertrichothecenes considered in the abovementionedSCOOP-task,such as3-acetyldeoxynivalenol,15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol,fusarenon-X,T2-triol,diacetoxyscirpenol,neosolaniol,monoacetoxyscirpenol and verrucol,thelimited information available indicates that they do notoccur widely and the levels found are generally low.(33)Climatic conditions during the growth,in particular atflowering,have a major influence on the Fusarium toxincontent.However,good agricultural practices,wherebythe risk factors are reduced to a minimum,can preventto a certain degree the contamination by Fusarium fungi.Commission Recommendation2006/583/EC of17August2006on the prevention and reduction ofFusarium toxins in cereals and cereal products(21)contains general principles for the prevention andreduction of Fusarium toxin contamination(zearalenone,fumonisins and trichothecenes)in cereals to be im-plemented by the development of national codes ofpractice based on these principles.(34)Maximum levels of Fusarium toxins should be set forunprocessed cereals placed on the market for first-stageprocessing.Cleaning,sorting and drying procedures arenot considered as first-stage processing insofar as nophysical action is exerted on the grain kernel itself.Scouring is to be considered as first-stage processing.(35)Since the degree to which Fusarium toxins in unpro-cessed cereals are removed by cleaning and processingmay vary,it is appropriate to set maximum levels forfinal consumer cereal products as well as for major foodingredients derived from cereals to have enforceable legis-lation in the interest of ensuring public health protection.(36)For maize,not all factors involved in the formation ofFusarium toxins,in particular zearalenone and fumo-nisins B1and B2,are yet precisely known.Therefore,atime period is granted to enable food business operatorsin the cereal chain to perform investigations on thesources of the formation of these mycotoxins and onthe identification of the management measures to betaken to prevent their presence as far as reasonablypossible.Maximum levels based on currently availableoccurrence data are proposed to apply from2007incase no specific maximum levels based on new infor-mation on occurrence and formation are set beforethat time.(37)Given the low contamination levels of Fusarium toxinsfound in rice,no maximum levels are proposed for riceor rice products.(38)A review of the maximum levels for deoxynivalenol,zearalenone,fumonisin B1and B2as well as the appro-priateness of setting a maximum level for T-2and HT-2toxin in cereals and cereal products should be consideredby1July2008,taking into account the progress inscientific and technological knowledge on these toxinsin food.(39)As regards lead,the SCF adopted an opinion on19June1992(22)endorsing the provisional tolerable weeklyintake(PTWI)of25μg/kg bw proposed by the WHOin1986.The SCF concluded in its opinion that the meanlevel in foodstuffs does not seem to be a cause ofimmediate concern.(20)Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation,Task3.2.10‘Collectionof occurrence data of Fusarium toxins in food and assessment of dietary intake by the population of EU Member States’.http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/scoop/task3210.pdf(21)OJ L234,29.8.2006,p.35.(22)Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food,32nd series,Opinionof the Scientific Committee for Food on‘The potential risk to health presented by lead in food and drink’,p.7,http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_32.pdf(40)In the framework of Directive93/5/EEC2004theSCOOP-task3.2.11‘Assessment of the dietary exposureto arsenic,cadmium,lead and mercury of the populationof the EU Member States’was performed in2004(23).Inview of this assessment and the opinion delivered by theSCF,it is appropriate to take measures to reduce thepresence of lead in food as much as possible(41)As regards cadmium,the SCF endorsed in its opinion of2June1995(24)the PTWI of7μg/kg bw and rec-ommended greater efforts to reduce dietary exposure tocadmium since foodstuffs are the main source of humanintake of cadmium.A dietary exposure assessment wasperformed in the SCOOP-task3.2.11.In view of thisassessment and the opinion delivered by the SCF,it isappropriate to take measures to reduce the presence ofcadmium in food as much as possible.(42)As regards mercury EFSA adopted on24February2004an opinion related to mercury and methylmercury infood(25)and endorsed the provisional tolerable weeklyintake of1,6μg/kg bw.Methylmercury is the chemicalform of most concern and can make up more than90%of the total mercury in fish and seafood.Taking intoaccount the outcome of the SCOOP-task3.2.11,EFSAconcluded that the levels of mercury found in foods,other than fish and seafood,were of lower concern.The forms of mercury present in these other foods aremainly not methylmercury and they are thereforeconsidered to be of lower risk.(43)In addition to the setting of maximum levels,targetedconsumer advice is an appropriate approach in the caseof methylmercury for protecting vulnerable groups of thepopulation.An information note on methylmercury infish and fishery products responding to this need hastherefore been made available on the website of theHealth and Consumer Protection Directorate-General ofthe European Commission(26).Several Member Stateshave also issued advice on this issue that is relevant totheir population.(44)As regards inorganic tin,the SCF concluded in itsopinion of12December2001(27)that levels ofinorganic tin of150mg/kg in canned beverages and250mg/kg in other canned foods may cause gastricirritation in some individuals.(45)To protect public health from this health risk it isnecessary to set maximum levels for inorganic tin incanned foods and canned beverages.Until databecomes available on the sensitivity of infants andyoung children to inorganic tin in foods,it is necessaryon a precautionary basis to protect the health of thisvulnerable population group and to establish lowermaximum levels.(46)As regards3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol(3-MCPD)theSCF adopted on30May2001a scientific opinion asregards3-MCPD in food(28),updating its opinion of16December1994(29)on the basis of new scientificinformation and established a tolerable daily intake(TDI)of2μg/kg bw for3-MCPD.(47)In the framework of Directive93/5/EEC the SCOOP-task‘Collection and collation of data on levels of3-MCPDand related substances in foodstuffs’was performed andfinalised in June2004(30).The main contributors of3-MCPD to dietary intake were soy sauce and soy-saucebased products.Some other foods eaten in large quan-tities,such as bread and noodles,also contributed sig-nificantly to intake in some countries because of highconsumption rather than high levels of3-MCPDpresent in these foods.(48)Accordingly maximum levels should be set for3-MCPDin hydrolysed vegetable protein(HVP)and soy saucetaking into account the risk related to the consumptionof these foods.Member States are requested to examineother foodstuffs for the occurrence of3-MCPD in orderto consider the need to set maximum levels for ad-ditional foodstuffs.(23)Reports on tasks for scientific co-operation,Task 3.2.11‘Assessment of dietary exposure to arsenic,cadmium,lead and mercury of the population of the EU Member States’.http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/scoop_ 3-2-11_heavy_metals_report_en.pdf(24)Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food,36th series,Opinionof the Scientific Committee for Food on cadmium,p.67,http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_36.pdf (25)Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the Food Chainof the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA)on a request from the Commission related to mercury and methylmercury in food (adopted on24February2004)http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/contam/contam_opinions/259/opinion_contam_01_en1.pdf(26)http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/information_note_mercury-fish_12-05-04.pdf (27)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on acute risks posedby tin in canned foods(adopted on12December2001)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out110_en.pdf(28)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on3-monochloro-propane-1,2-diol(3-MCPD)updating the SCF opinion of1994 (adopted on30May2001)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out91_en.pdf(29)Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food,36th series,Opinionof the Scientific Committee for Food on3-monochloro-propane-1,2-diol3-MCPD),p.31,http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_36.pdf (30)Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation,Task3.2.9‘Collectionand collation of data on levels of3-monochloropropanediol(3-MCPD)and related substances in foodstuffs’.http://ec.europa.eu/ food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/scoop_3-2-9_final_report_ chloropropanols_en.pdf(49)As regards dioxins and PCBs,the SCF adopted on30May2001an opinion on dioxins and dioxin-like PCBsin food(31),updating its opinion of22November2000(32)fixing a tolerable weekly intake(TWI)of14pg World Health Organisation toxic equivalent(WHO-TEQ)/kg bw for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.(50)Dioxins as referred to in this Regulation cover a group of75polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin(PCDD)congenersand135polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDF)congeners,of which17are of toxicological concern.Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)are a group of209different congeners which can be divided into twogroups according to their toxicological properties:12congeners exhibit toxicological properties similar todioxins and are therefore often termed dioxin-likePCBs.The other PCBs do not exhibit dioxin-liketoxicity but have a different toxicological profile.(51)Each congener of dioxins or dioxin-like PCBs exhibits adifferent level of toxicity.In order to be able to sum upthe toxicity of these different congeners,the concept oftoxic equivalency factors(TEFs)has been introduced tofacilitate risk assessment and regulatory control.Thismeans that the analytical results relating to all the indi-vidual dioxin and dioxin-like PCB congeners of toxico-logical concern are expressed in terms of a quantifiableunit,namely the TCDD toxic equivalent(TEQ).(52)Exposure estimates taking into account the SCOOP-task‘Assessment of dietary intake of dioxins and related PCBsby the population of EU Member States’finalised in June2000(33)indicate that a considerable proportion of theCommunity population has a dietary intake in excess ofthe TWI.(53)From a toxicological point of view,any level set shouldapply to both dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs,but in2001maximum levels were set on Community level only fordioxins and not for dioxin-like PCBs,given the verylimited data available at that time on the prevalence ofdioxin-like PCBs.Since2001,however,more data on thepresence of dioxin-like PCBs have become available,therefore,maximum levels for the sum of dioxins anddioxin-like PCBs have been set in2006as this is themost appropriate approach from a toxicological pointof view.In order to ensure a smooth transition,thelevels for dioxins should continue to apply for a transi-tional period in addition to the levels for the sum ofdioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.Foodstuffs must complyduring that transitional period with the maximumlevels for dioxins and with the maximum levels for thesum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.Consideration willbe given by31December2008to dispensing with theseparate maximum levels for dioxins.(54)In order to encourage a proactive approach to reducingthe dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs present in food andfeed,action levels were set by Commission Recommen-dation2006/88/EC of6February2006on the reductionof the presence of dioxins,furans and PCBs in feeding-stuffs and foodstuffs(34).These action levels are a tool forcompetent authorities and operators to highlight thosecases where it is appropriate to identify a source ofcontamination and to take measures to reduce oreliminate it.Since the sources of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs are different,separate action levels aredetermined for dioxins on the one hand and fordioxin-like PCBs on the other hand.This proactiveapproach to actively reduce the dioxins and dioxin-likePCBs in feed and food and consequently,the maximumlevels applicable should be reviewed within a definedperiod of time with the objective to set lower levels.Therefore,consideration will be given by31December2008to significantly reducing the maximum levels forthe sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.(55)Operators need to make efforts to step up their capacityto remove dioxins,furans and dioxin-like PCBs frommarine oil.The significant lower level,to which con-sideration shall be given by31December2008,shallbe based on the technical possibilities of the mosteffective decontamination procedure.(56)As regards the establishment of maximum levels forother foodstuffs by31December2008,particularattention shall be paid to the need to set specific lowermaximum levels for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs infoods for infants and young children in the light of themonitoring data obtained through the2005,2006and2007programmes for monitoring dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in foods for infants and young children.(31)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the riskassessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food.Update basedon new scientific information available since the adoption of theSCF opinion of22nd November2000(adopted on30May2001)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out90_en.pdf(32)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the riskassessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food.(adopted on22November2000)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out78_en.pdf(33)Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation,Task3.2.5‘Assessmentof dietary intake of dioxins and related PCBs by the population ofEU Member States’.http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/library/pub/pub08_en.pdf(34)OJ L42,14.2.2006,p.26.。
(整理)各国黄曲霉毒素标准比对.
各国黄曲霉毒素标准比对黄曲霉毒素（Aflatoxins）超标是我国食品出口频繁遇到的问题，我国每年食品出口因黄曲霉毒素超标而遭受通报扣留屡屡发生，尤其体现在出口的花生、谷物、果仁中。
黄曲霉毒素是生长在食物及饲料上的黄曲霉和寄生曲霉的代谢产物，特曲霉也能产生黄曲霉毒素，但产量较少。
主要是黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2 以及由B1和B2在体内经过羟化而衍生成的代谢产物M1、M2等。
黄曲霉毒素主要存在于霉变的花生、谷物、果仁和大米中。
因其对人、畜肝脏的剧烈损害而名列毒性之首。
各国对黄曲霉毒素在食品中的残留限量均有规定。
我国在食品中真菌毒素限量GB 2761-2005中，对黄曲霉毒素B1、M1分别在花生、玉米、大米、植物油、豆类、发酵食品、以及乳制品中的限量作出明确规定。
欧盟在委员会条例(EC) No 629/2008、委员会条例(EC) No 1881/2006中，对黄曲霉素在花生、谷类、坚果等食品中的限量作出明确规定.美国在FDA“遵守政策指南（Compliance Policy Guide）”中对黄曲霉毒素在动物饲料、食品、牛奶、花生及其制品、坚果（包括巴西坚果、阿月浑子果仁）中的限量作出规定。
日本在肯定列表制度中规定，食品中黄曲霉毒素的限量是10ppb。
具体各国黄曲霉毒素在食品中的限量标准比对分析如下表所示：（以下数据均更新于2009年）表1 各国食品中黄曲霉素的限量标准比对分析表附：欧盟食品中黄曲霉毒素系列法规汇总：委员会条例(EC) No 1881/2006，规定食品中某些污染物的最高限量委员会条例(EC) No 629/2008，部分修订条例(EC) No 1881/2006 委员会条例(EC) No 401/2006，规定食品中毒枝菌素（包括黄曲霉毒素）的采样方法和分析方法委员会决定2006/504/EC，决定用特殊条件来管理从特定第三方国进口特定食品，因这些产品的黄曲霉毒素污染的风险委员会决定2007/459/EC，部分修订决定2006/504/EC委员会决定2007/563/EC，就原产于美国的杏仁及其衍生产品方面，修订决定2006/504/EC委员会决定2007/759/EC，就原产于巴西的花生及其衍生产品方面，修订决定2006/504/EC欧盟依据黄曲霉毒素法规对黄曲霉毒素进行控制的指导文件（该指导文件对上述欧盟黄曲霉毒素的相关规定做出了具体解释）。
国内外稻米重金属残留限量标准比较分析
46粮食加工2021年第46卷第2期国内外稻米重金属残留限量标准比较分析刘媾I,安晓宁2*(1.吉林国际旅行卫生保健中心，吉林吉林132013；2,中粮米业(吉林)有限公司，吉林吉林132101)摘要：介绍了韩国、澳大利亚和新西兰等国家，中国香港■地区和中国澳门施.区以及国际食品法典委员会(CAC)、欧盟等国际组织发布的关于稻米重金属残留限量标准，并与中国稻采重金属残留限量标准进行比较分析，找出标准中存在昭差距。
在如基础上，提出我国出口稻米应对国内外重金属限量标准的对策建议。
关键词：稻米；重金属；限量标准；比较分析中国分类号-TS210.7文献标志码：A 稻米是人类赖以生存的重要粮食作物之一，也是世界上食用人数最多、种植范围最广的作物，全世界有110多个国家种植水稻。
近年来，随着工业的发展，大量工业重金属废弃物排入环境中，导致大气、土壤和灌溉用水等污染越来越严重，稻米重金属污染已经成为影响稻米安全的主要因素之一叫由于多数重金属在人体内有蓄积性，半衰期较长，会产生急性和慢性毒性反应，还有可能产生致畸、致癌和致突变作用，因此，世界各国根据各自的发展水平、环境、饮食结构等因素，对稻米制定了不同的重金属限量标准和法规，严格规范市场准入現因而，了解各国际组织、不同国家和地区重金属残留限量标准,并与我国稻米重金属残留限量标准进行比较分析，对于顺畅稻米出口贸易，指导我国稻米采收加工，有效应对技术性贸易壁垒，具有十分重要的意义。
1国内外稻米重金属残留限量标准重金属残留问题是农产品质量安全监管工作的重要部分，也是影响国际贸易的主要技术性壁垒。
世界各国及地区由于经济、环境和技术等因素不同，没有统一的重金属残留限量标准，各国及地区均由各自的食品安全管理部门对农产品重金属残留限量制定相应的法律和标准叫为了解国内外稻米重金属限量指标，避免稻米在国际贸易中因重金属超标而带来退运风险，本文通过各国家(地区、组织)官方网址，收集整理了国际食品法典委员会(CAC)、欧盟等国际组织，中国、韩国、澳大利亚及新西兰等国家，中国香港地区和中国澳门地区等7个地区、组织现行的稻米重金属残蚩限量标准，如表1所示。
我国与欧盟食品重金属限量标准比对分析
我国与欧盟食品重金属限量标准比对分析
关于食品中重金属限量的标准规定，我国在2005年制定的国家标准GB 2762-2005 食品中污染物限量，对铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、铝、硒在各类食品中的最高限量值进行了规定。
欧盟2006年颁布的委员会条例(EC) No 1881/2006，制定食品中某些污染物的最高限量（废止了委员会条例（EC）No 466/2001）详细规定了欧盟水产品、谷物、蔬菜、水果、牛奶等食品中铅、镉、汞、锡重金属的限量。
2008年欧盟委员会条例(EC) No 629/2008对委员会条例(EC) No 1881/2006进行了修订，调整了铅、镉、汞、锡重金属在各类食品中的含量，尤其在水产品中的含量做了较大调整。
我国与欧盟各类食品中的重金属限量标准比对，具体如下：（以下数据均为2009年最新）
铅
我国大部分食品中铅的限量与欧盟相同。
部分食品中铅的限量高于欧盟，尤其以奶制品、禽畜肉类、鱼肉类较突出。
表1.我国与欧盟各类食品中铅限量标准比对表
镉
我国与欧盟的水果、蔬菜、禽畜的肝脏与肾脏中镉限量的标准一致。
关于禽畜肉类以及水产品中镉限量，各国标准有所不同。
表2 我国与欧盟各类食品中镉限量标准比对表
汞
我国与欧盟的水产品中汞限量的标准相一致。
表3 我国与欧盟各类食品中汞限量标准比对表。
柑橘中外食品安全标准比对分析
|四川农业与农机/2023年4期|>>>近年，我国柑橘产品逐渐走向国际市场，为更好帮助企业应对国际柑橘贸易市场的技术壁垒，提升行业和企业的国际话语权、降低柑橘产品出口贸易风险，本文收集整理了进出口贸易中关于柑橘的相关标准及技术要求，从农药残留限量、污染物限量等方面开展标准及相关指标比对。
通过比对，分析国际组织、贸易国家或地区的柑橘农药最大残留限量、重金属等标准，从中找出标准中存在的差异。
1柑橘产业概述1.1我国柑橘产业概况柑橘栽培历史悠久，是世界第一大水果、第三大贸易水果。
我国作为全球柑橘的主要原产地之一。
包括台湾省在内，全国共有20个省（自治区、直辖市）、1075个县（市、区）生产柑橘。
2007年，我国柑橘产量和栽培面积全面超越巴西，跃居世界之首。
据国家统计局数据显示，我国柑橘栽培面积从1978年的17.8万hm 2发展到2020年的270.0万hm 2，增长了约15倍，总产量从1978年的38.3万t 发展到2020年的5121.9万t ，增长了133.7倍。
其中，宽皮柑橘的产量占71%，橙占16%，柚占12%，其他1%。
同时，我国柑橘市场需求量在不断增加，2020年为5060.88万t ，较上年同比增长11.4%，2021年达5595.61万t ，较同比增长9.25%。
1.2四川省柑橘产业概况四川省作为柑橘优势区和主产区之一，柑橘产量及种植面积位居全国前列。
2015年起四川柑橘产业更是发展迅速，种植面积持续增长，平均每年扩种面积超2.0万hm 2，至2018年种植面积已达2.4万hm 2，产量达432.98万t 。
2018年以后发展放缓，但柑橘仍然是四川重要水果，占全省水果总产量的50%以上。
四川130余个县市区均有种植，主要种植区域和栽培品种见表1。
其中，甜橙类产量占比44.6%，柚类占比13.9%，宽皮橘占比32.5%，柠檬占比8.1%。
2我国柑橘进出口现状柑橘出口规模仅次于苹果、葡萄，市场分布在越南、马来西亚以及俄罗斯等国家。
欧盟新版食品中污染物限量法规将于5月25日正式实施
欧盟新版食品中污染物限量法规将于5月25日正式实施法规更新欧盟官方公报2023年5月5日消息，4月25日，欧盟委员会发布条例（EU）2023/915《关于食品中某些污染物最高含量的条例》，该条例废除了欧盟法规（EC）No 1881/2006，将于2023年5月25日生效。
污染物限量法规(EC) No 1881/2006自从2006年以来经过了多次修改，为了提高法规文本的可读性，避免使用大量脚注，同时考虑到某些食品的特殊情况，欧盟此次制定了新版的污染物限量法规。
除了总体结构调整外，新法规的主要变化涉及术语和食品类别的定义，修订的污染物涉及多环芳烃、二噁英、DL-多氯联苯等，大多数污染物最大限量水平保持不变。
(EU) 2023/915主要内容及主要变化如下：（1）制定了食品、食品经营者、最终消费者、投放市场等定义。
（2）附件1所列的食品不得投放市场，也不得用作食品中的原材料；符合附件1规定的最高水平的食品不得与超过这些最高水平的食物混合。
（3）食品类别的定义更接近于（EC）396/2005关于农药最大残留限量的法规。
除了水果、蔬菜和谷物，坚果、油籽和香料的相应产品清单现在也适用。
（4）禁止脱毒处理。
含有附件1所列污染物的食品不得故意通过化学处理进行解毒。
（5）(EC) No 1881/2006号条例的过渡措施继续适用，并在第10条中明确列出。
新版关于污染物最大残留限量的重要变更：▶黄曲霉毒素：如果加工食品占相应产品的80%，黄曲霉毒素的最大限量规定也适用于加工食品。
▶多环芳烃 (PAHs)：鉴于现有的分析数据和生产方法，速溶/可溶咖啡中多环芳烃的含量可以忽略不计，因此，取消速溶/可溶性咖啡产品中多环芳烃的最大限量；另外，明确了婴幼儿配方奶粉、较大婴儿配方奶粉以及婴幼儿特殊医学用途配方食品的多环芳烃最高限量水平适用的产品状态，即仅适用于即食状态下的产品。
▶三聚氰胺：在婴儿配方奶粉中三聚氰胺的现有最大限量基础上，增加了液态速溶配方奶粉中的最高含量。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
6.1.5 6.1.6 双壳贝类（26） 6.1.7 专供婴幼儿及儿童食用的经加工的谷物制品 婴幼儿奶粉和较大婴幼儿奶粉、包括婴幼儿牛 6.1.8 奶和较大婴幼儿奶（8、29） 6.1.9 专供婴幼儿食用的以医疗为目的的食疗食品
委员会法规（EC）No 1881/2006 2006年12月19日发布 规定食品中特定污染物的最大限量 附录
第一部分 硝酸盐 食品(1)
1.1 1.2 新鲜菠菜（2） 保存、深低温冷冻或冷冻菠菜 10.1-3.31收获 覆膜生菜 露天生长的生菜 4.1-9.30收获 覆膜莴苣 露天生长的莴苣 覆膜生菜 露天生长的生菜
3.3.1
0.5
3.3.2
1 200 100 50
3.4
3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3
锡
非饮料类罐装食品 罐装饮料，包括水果汁及蔬菜汁 专供婴幼儿食用的罐装婴儿食品及经加工的谷物食 品，不包括干燥粉末状制品（3、29） 罐装婴幼儿奶粉及较大婴幼儿罐装奶粉（包括也婴 幼儿牛奶及较大婴幼儿牛奶），不包括干燥精粉制 品（8、29） 专供婴幼儿的特殊医疗用罐装食品不包括干燥精粉 制品（8、29）
谷物、豆类蔬菜及豆类 蔬菜，不包括芸薹属蔬菜、叶类蔬菜、新鲜草本植 物及真菌（27）.马铃薯的限量按照去皮马铃薯计 3.1.10 算 3.1.11 芸薹蔬菜、叶类蔬菜及养殖真菌 3.1.12 水果，不包括草莓及小水果（27） 3.1.13 草莓及小水果（27） 3.1.14 脂肪和油，不包括乳脂 3.1.15 水果汁、浓缩果汁及水果花蜜（14） 葡萄酒（包括汽酒、不包括烈酒）、苹果酒、梨酒 3.1.16 及果酒（11） 3.1.17 加香葡萄酒、加香葡萄酒饮料及加香鸡尾酒（13）
2（12） 2（12）
0.5 0.5
—— 50 50 25
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
10 10
1250 1750 1750（20） 750 750 500
婴幼儿及儿童食用加工谷物食品及婴幼儿食品 2.4.7 （3、7） 2.5 玉米烯酮（霉菌毒素） 2.5.1 非玉米未加工谷物（18、19） 2.5.2 未加工玉米（18） 直接供人类食用的谷物、谷物淀粉、在市场上 销售的供人类直接食用的糠（作为终产品）及 胚芽不包括在2.5.4、2.5.7及2.5.8中列出的 2.5.3 产品 直接供人类食用的玉米、玉米淀粉、玉米粉、 2.5.4 粗玉米淀粉、玉米胚芽及精制玉米油（21） 面包（包括小的面包制品）、糕点、饼干、谷 2.5.5 物点心、和早餐用麦片 2.5.6 玉米点心及以玉米为主料的早餐麦片粥 加工谷物食品（不包括加工玉米食品）及专供 2.5.7 婴幼儿及儿童食用的婴儿食品 2.5.8 加工玉米食品，专供婴幼儿及儿童食用（3、7） 2.6 伏马菌素 2.6.1 未加工的玉米（18） 玉米淀粉、脱胚玉米粉、粗玉米粉、玉米胚芽 2.6.2 油及精制玉米油 供人类直接食用的玉米制品，不包括2.6.2、 2.6.3 2.6.4列出的食品 加工的玉米制品及婴儿食品，专供婴幼儿及儿 2.6.4 童食用 2.7 T-2毒素及HT-2毒素 2.7.1 未经加工的谷物及谷物制品
5.2
5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7
4pg/g 重量 4pg/g 重量 3pg/g 脂肪 3pg/g 脂肪 3pg/g 脂肪 2pg/g 脂肪 1pg/g 脂肪 2pg/g 脂肪 0.75pg/g 脂肪 2pg/g 脂肪
12pg/g 重量 12pg/g 重量 6pg/g 脂肪 6pg/g 脂肪 4.5pg/g 脂肪 4pg/g 脂肪 1.5pg/g 脂肪 3pg/g 脂肪 1.5pg/g 脂肪 10pg/g 脂肪
3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9
0.1 0.3 0.5 1 1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.1
3.2.10 头足类（出去内脏）（26） 3.2.11 谷物（糠、胚芽、小麦、大米除外） 3.2.12 糠、胚芽、小麦、大米 3.2.13 大豆 蔬菜和水果，不包括叶类蔬菜、新鲜草本植物、真 3.2.14 菌、茎类蔬菜、花生、根类蔬菜及马铃薯（27） 3.2.15 叶类蔬菜、新鲜草本植物、种植真菌及芹菜（27） 茎、根类蔬菜及马铃薯不包括芹菜。马铃薯的最大 3.2.16 限量按去皮马铃薯计
3.4.4 3.4.5
50 50
食品(1) 4.1 4.2
海藻水解蛋白（30） 豆浆（30）
第四部分：3-氯-1,2-丙二醇 最大限量（μ g/kg） 20 20 第五部分：二恶英类及多氯联苯（31） 最大限量
食品(1)
食品(1)
5.1 以下肉及肉制品（可食内脏除外）： 牛及羊 禽类 猪 陆生动物肝脏参考5.1（6），及其他衍生产品
3.2
3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5
镉
牛、羊、猪及禽肉（不包括内脏）（6） 马肉，不包括内脏 牛、羊、猪、禽及马内脏（6） 牛、羊、猪、禽及马肾脏（6） 鱼肉（24、25）不包括3.2.6及3.2.7中列出的种类 以下这些鱼类的肌肉：凤尾鱼（鳀鱼类）、鲣鱼 (沙丁鱼类)、鲷（鲷科）、鳗（鳗鱼）、乌鱼（鲻 鱼类）、竹夹鱼（竹夹鱼类）、鲯鲭（鲯鲭科）、 沙丁鱼（沙丁鱼 ）、沙丁鱼（沙丁鱼类）、金枪 鱼（鲔属）、楔型鱼（鳎鱼） 箭鱼肉（箭鱼）（24、25） 甲壳类动物，不包括褐色蟹肉、龙虾胸肉及类似的 大甲壳动物（海螯虾科和龙虾科）（26） 双壳贝类（26） 0.05 0.2 0.5 1 0.05
第二部分 毒枝菌素
食品(1) 2.1 黄曲霉毒素 B1 8（5） 5（5） 2（5） 5 最大限量（μ g/kg） B1、B2、G1、G2 的总和 15（5） 10（5） 4（5） 10
在食用落花生或将其作为食品配料之前应对其 2.1.1 进行挑选，或者进行其他的物理处理 在食用坚果或将其作为食品配料之前应对其进 2.1.2 行挑选，或者进行其他的物理处理 用于人类直接食用或作为食品配料的落花生、 2.1.3 坚果和其他加工制品 在食用干制水果或将其作为食品配料之前应对 2.1.4 其进行挑选，或者进行其他的物理处理 用于人类直接食用或作为食品配料的干制水果 2.1.5 和其他加工制品 所有谷物及其制品，包括经加工的谷物制品 2.1.6 （2.1.7、2.1.10、2.1.12列出的食品除外） 在食用玉米或将其作为食品配料之前应对其进 2.1.7 行挑选，或者进行其他的物理处理 2.1.8 生乳（6）、热处理牛奶和用于制造奶制品的奶
水产品（26）及鱼肉（24、25），在3.3.2中列出 的种类除外。最大限量按甲壳动物计，褐色蟹肉及 龙虾肉胸肉及类似的大甲壳动物除外（海螯虾科及 龙虾科）
二恶英总和（32）
3pg/g 2pg/g 1pg/g 6pg/g 脂肪 脂肪 脂肪 脂肪
多氯联苯总和（32）
4.5pg/g 脂肪 4pg/g 脂肪 1.5pg/g 脂肪 12pg/g 脂肪
5 0.1 —— 0.1 5 — —— ——
3 10 5 10 2
放香味酒、以放香味酒为主要配料的饮料酒及 2.2.7 放香味酒制品鸡尾酒（13） 葡萄汁、浓缩葡萄汁（象再造），葡萄花蜜、 2.2.8 象再造的葡萄汁和浓缩葡萄汁，直接饮用的 为婴幼儿和儿童加工的谷物食品和婴儿食品 2.2.9 （3、7） 专用于婴幼儿的有特殊医疗目的（9、10）的 2.2.10 食疗食品 生咖啡、干燥水果（非干燥疼本科植物水果） 、啤酒、可可及可可制品、烈性酒、肉制品、 2.2.11 香辛料及甘草精 2.3 抗生物（棒曲霉素） 2.3.1 果汁、浓缩果汁及水果花蜜（14） 酒精饮料（15）苹果酒和其他以苹果为原料或 2.3.2 包含苹果汁的发酵饮料 固体苹果制品包括糖渍苹果、直接食用的苹果 2.3.3 汤类（不包括2.3.4、2.3.5中列出的食品） 苹果汁及固体苹果制品，包括苹果糖渍苹果和 苹果汤类，婴幼儿及儿童（16）食用或者有此 2.3.4 类标识或按此标准销售（4） 婴幼儿食品（非加工谷物制品），专用于婴幼 2.3.5 儿及儿童（3、4） 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.4.6 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 （17） 未加工的谷物（18、19）而非硬质小麦、燕麦 及玉米 未加工硬质小麦、燕麦（18、19） 未加工玉米（18） 人类直接食用的谷物、谷物淀粉（包括玉米淀 粉、玉米粉、和粗玉米粉（21）） 面食（干的）（22） 面包（包括小的面包制品）、糕点、饼干、谷 物点心、和早餐用麦片
3.3
汞
水产品（26）及鱼肉（24、25），在3.3.2中列出 的种类除外。最大限量按甲壳动物计，褐色蟹肉及 龙虾肉胸肉及类似的大甲壳动物除外（海螯虾科及 龙虾科） 以下种类的鱼肉：安康鱼、大西洋鲶鱼、鲣(等金 枪鱼科鱼类)、鳗鱼、太平洋胸棘鲷、腔吻鳕鱼、 大比目鱼（蝶鱼）、枪鱼,（青枪鱼,四鳃旗鱼）、 鳞鲆属、鲻鱼、梭鱼、鳕鱼、红鱼、旗鱼（两个种 类的）、安哥拉带鱼、鲨鱼（各种各样的）、金枪 鱼（金枪鱼类、鲔属 、鲣鱼 ）、 鲟鱼 （鲟鱼 类；蝶鲛）、鲭或鲳鱼（鳞蛇鲭属 、棘鳞蛇鲭、 海鱼 ）
2
4
2 5 —
4 10 —
2.1.9 2.1.10 2.1.11 2.1.12 2.2 2.2.1
2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6
以下调味料种类：辣椒粉（干制水果和其他， 包括辣椒、辣椒粉）；胡椒粉（其他水果、包 括白胡椒和黑胡椒）肉豆蔻（肉豆蔻的种 子）；姜提取物（姜）；姜黄（姜黄粉） 为婴儿和儿童加工的谷物制品和婴幼儿食品 （3）（7） 婴幼儿奶粉和较大婴幼儿奶粉、包括婴幼儿牛 奶和较大婴幼儿奶（4、8） 专用于婴幼儿的有特殊医疗目的（9、10）的 食疗食品 赭曲霉素A 未加工的谷物 所有经未加工谷物制成的产品，包括加工谷物 制品和直接供人类食用的谷物（2.2.9、 2.2.10中列出的除外） 干燥藤本科植物水果（黑醋栗、葡萄干、无子 葡萄干） 炒咖啡豆、炒咖啡粉不包括速溶咖啡 速溶咖啡 葡萄酒（包括汽酒、不包括烈酒和酒精度不小 于15%的酒）和果酒（11）