高考英语总复习 第三章 还原句子结构 必修2(江苏专用)

高考英语总复习 第三章 还原句子结构 必修2(江苏专用)
高考英语总复习 第三章 还原句子结构 必修2(江苏专用)

△点拨△

命题人可以利用强调句、被动句、疑问句、倒装句、感叹句、拆分句等特殊结构来改变句子的正常词序,造成搭配上的假象,从而达到干扰的目的。这类题有相当大的迷惑性,极易导致学生上当。解此类题最可靠的方法是“还原法”。只要恢复了它的庐山真面目,答案就一目了然了。

△训练△

[每小题0.5分,共30小题;满分15分] 得分:________

1.Bob seems to have never been ________ his wife's parents, even herself, seriously. A.facing B.taking C.seeing D.telling

答案 B [take...seriously是“认真对待……”的意思。]

2.The number of people ________ this happens is not very large.

A.with whom B.to which

C.to whom D.on which

答案 C [这是sth.happens to sb.结构。句意:发生过这事的人的数目不是很大。] 3.________ part women ________ in society is great.

A.The;play B.A;take

C.A;play D.The;take

答案 A [由play a part in搭配可排除B、D,part后跟了定语从句,那就表示特指了,所以要用the。]

4.The old woman had a letter from her son in the army ________ to her

.(2011·四川成都七中高三上学期入学考试) A.read B.write C.written D.received

答案 A [have a letter read是“请人读信”的意思。]

5.How ________ he looked and turned and looked, ________ and even a little ________,at the boy!

A.surprised;surprisedly;angrily

B.surprisedly;surprised;angry

C.angrily;surprisedly;angry

D.angry;surprised;angrily

答案 A [第一个looked是“看起来”的意思,所以该用:look +adj.;第二个looked...(at)为“看”的意思,所以该用:look +adv.。故选A。]

6.Which do you feel like ________ time on the train, chatting with friends or just reading something?

A.to kill B.to share

C.killing D.sharing

答案 A [which作了feel like的宾语,此空需填不定式表目的,kill time是固定短语,意为“打发时间”。]

7.Is this factory ________ you visited last year?

A.which B.that C.the one D.where

答案 C [此空需填定语从句的先行词,变为陈述语序:This factory is the one (that)you visited last year.。]

8.Is ________ he told us true?

A.what B.that C.one D.it

答案 A [此句变为陈述语序:What he told us is true.]

9.What way are you thinking of ________ rid of the flies?

A.to get B.getting

C.being got D.to be getting

答案 A [不定式表目的。]

10.Is this the tape recorder you want to ________?

A.repair it B.have it repaired

C.being repaired D.have repaired

答案 D [the tape recorder后接一个定语从句,have the tape recorder repaired“叫人修理录音机”。]

11.—What did she ________ so much money?

—Nothing but a necklace made of glass.(2011·重庆万州二中高三秋季开学测试) A.spend on B.pay for

C.cost for D.sell for

答案 D [句意:她卖了什么得这么多的钱?若选A、B则需将so much money置于spend/pay 之后才正确;若选C主语一般需是“物”。]

12.What do you imagine ________ to Jim in the past few weeks?

A.happened B.has happened

C.happening D.to happen

答案 B [do you imagine 是插入语,所以此空该填谓语动词,即可排除C、D,“in the past/last+段时间”常与现在完成时连用。故选B。]

13.Is ________ likely to be any food at the party on Sunday?

A.he B.it C.there D.that

答案 C [这是there be句型的一个将来时形式。意为:星期天的晚会上会“有”吃的吗?] 14.________ either you or I to go?

A.Am B.Are C.Is D.Was

答案 B [不管是陈述句还是疑问句,either...or...的主谓一致要根据就近原则,故选B。]

15.If your mother and wife are very ill at the same time and you can only help one at a time, whom would you rather have ________ to the hospital first?

A.send B.sending

C.sent D.to be sent

答案 C [人是被送到医院的,所以该用被动,排除A、B,正常语序应为:...you would rather have whom sent to the...。]

16.Who would you rather ________ you tomorrow?

(2011·江西修水一中高三上学期第一次月考) A.had helped B.help

C.to help D.helped

答案 D [would rather +从句,常用一般过去时表达对将来的愿望。]

17.________ there with you?

A.Isn't he to go B.Isn't he go

C.Is he not go D.Is he not to going

答案 A [可变为陈述语序:He isn't to go there with you.,其中be to do sth.是一种将来时态。]

18.What has he given up ________ us physics?

A.is to teach B.to teach

C.teaching D.taught

答案 B [不定式表示目的。注意:...given up的宾语是what。]

19.Was the wood ________ this bridge cut out from that hill?

A.used to building B.used to build

C.was used to building D.was used to build

答案 B [相当于...the wood that / which was used to build...。]

20.The Chinese premier has stated that at ________ time will China use the nuclear weapon first.

A.no B.one C.any D.some

答案 A [at no time是“决不”的意思,位于句首时,主谓需要部分倒装。] 21.Zhang Hua is clever and works hard at his lessons.________.

A.So is Li Ming

B.So does Li Ming

C.It was the same with Li Ming

D.So it is with Li Ming

答案 D [前一句里出现了两个不同的谓语动词,所以该用“so it is+主语”或“It is the same with +主语”。注:C项中的was改为is就对了。]

22.I'll spend my holiday in Shanghai, ________ lives my uncle

.(2011·江苏盐城市高三上学期摸底考试) A.who B.which C.where D.that

答案 C [这是定语从句,从句中使用了倒装语序,my uncle是主语,lives是谓语,从句缺地点状语。故选C。]

23.The question came up at the meeting ________ we had enough money for our research. A.that B.which C.whether D.if

答案 C [这是一个同位语从句。句意:会上提出了我们“是否”有足够多的钱来进行研究的问题。注:if 一般不引导同位语从句。]

24.On the grass ________ sheep.

A.lies B.lie C.lying D.laid

答案 B [sheep的单复数同形,由于sheep前没限定词,所以必须看作复数,该句的正常语序为:Sheep lie on the grass.。]

25.—Jenny looks hot and dry.

—So ________ you if you had a high fever.(2011·长沙雅礼中学高三第一次月考) A.will B.do C.are D.would

答案 D [这是虚拟语气。]

26.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ________ road conditions need to be improved.

A.that B.which C.where D.when

答案 A [这是一个同位语从句,解释a new problem具体内容。that在从句中不作成分,仅起连接作用。]

27.How many students do you consider ________ the meeting?

A.had attended B.being attended

C.to have attended D.attending

答案 C [这是consider sb.to do sth.结构,其中的不定式作宾补。若选A,需将had 改为have。]

28.To a small and faraway town like this, a car accident is always considered ________ interest, so people soon gathered around.

A.as B.of C.by D.in

答案 B [这是“of+抽象名词”结构作主补,of interest = interesting。若选A,需在as后加an。]

29.What else was there in my brother ________ you didn't like?

A.who B.whom C.which D.that

答案 D [这是一个定语从句,先行词是疑问代词what else,故用that,不用who(m)/ which。]

30.The time is not far away________ modern communications will become widespread in China's vast countryside.

A.as B.when C.until D.before

答案 B [这是一个分隔性的定语从句,先行词是the time。]

英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析)

LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型,注意词性和词序,以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单,但至关重要。掌握好它们,在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 其实英语只有三种基本句型 ▲主+系动词+表 词序 1 主语 2 系动词 3 表语 即句子的用于连接主语表示主语身份、状态以及主体和表语所处的位置 词性* 名词 代词 Be (is, am, are) * 名词形容词 介词+* 名词(介词短语) 注:*注意该结构中的名词,它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语(名词) 2 他(是)很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语(形容词)▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。

3 她(是)在教室里。She is in the classroom. 主语系表语主语系表语(介词短语) ▲定语只修饰名词,不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当,形容词放在所修饰的名词之前,而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后,请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 4 幸福是太多和太少之间的一站。--- 英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness i s a station between too much and too little . -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 高个子的男人是从英国来的老师。

形容词介词短语 The tall man is a teacher from England. 介词短语形容词 6. 她在二楼的小教室里。 形容词介词短语 She is i n the small classroom on the second floor. The teacher in the classroom is handsome. My book is o n the deskin the classroom. 表语(介词短语)定语(介词短语)She is in the small classroom on t he second floor.

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子结构分析报告讲解

定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分:主语和谓语 次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语(subject) 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词) What he has said is true. (句子) 找出下列句中的主语:1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.

7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. (名词) She didn't say anything. (代词) How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. (不定式) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)

高中英语句子结构、成分分析-直接打印版

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一.SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。S│V不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │do es not matter. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S│V(是系动词)│ PHis face │turned │red. 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │fell │in love. 4. Everything │looks │different. 5.He│is growing │tall and strong. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 7. Our well │has gone │dry. There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等S│V及物动词│O1.Who │knows │the answer? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 3.He │has refused │to help them. 4. He │enjoys │reading. 5.They │ate │what was left over. 6. He │said │"Good morning." 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea. 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常人为间接宾语;物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如: Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please. S│V及物│o多指人)│O(多指物)1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 3.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 1 / 6

句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案精品

【关键字】英语、情况、条件、会议、计划、主动、继续、健康、持续、保持、需要、方式、作用、结构、分析、衔接、引导、关心、主动性 句子成分 一.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么(词,短语或句子)可以充当主语。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 常见错误分析 2:动词及其短语在作句子的主语时,只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作,-ing 强调经常发生的动作。 改错:1.play computer games does no good to us. 2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby. 3.Go home at once is his decision 4.Make more friends will do good to us. 5.I’m like computer very much. 6.The story was happening the year before last. 二.宾语: 1.动作的承受者-----动宾 请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 2.介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting? 3.双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. 常见错误分析 1:介词后跟宾语时,必须为:名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。 改错:①I am fond of play basketball. ②He’s cra zy about read story books. ③I am sorry for late. ④I felt terribly sad for absent from class. 2:动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时,只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作,-ing 强调经常发生的

英语句子结构分析

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简单句句子结构

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常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, e, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:(1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 (2) The aident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。(3)Spring is ing. (4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject (主语) + Link. V (系动词) + Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。 其系动词一般可分为下列两类: 1.表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。 如:(1)This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。(2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 2.表示变化。这类系动词有:bee, turn, get, grow, go等。

简单句的五种基本结构

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英语句子结构讲解

学会分析英语句子(语法基础辅导讲义) 第一讲学会判断分析简单句 一、词类和句子成分的关系、动词概说与五种基本句型 1.语法学习和语法学习的方法 1)语法包括哪些内容? 2)怎样学习语法?(死记活用) 关于英语词类的特点的思考题 2.十大词类中,哪种词类是英语中特有而汉语没有的? 3.哪些词和名词有关系? 4.动词有什么特征?动词分为几种类型? 5.什么是不定式?它和谓语动词有什么区别? 6.哪种词类和动词有关?为什么? 二、什么是句子成分?有哪些句子成分? 1.主谓宾定状补主干枝叶分清楚,哪些是主干?哪些是枝叶? 2.什么是状语和定语? 3. 什么是宾语补助语和主语补助语? 英语语法分为句法和词法。 句法就是造句和运用句子的规则,句法是最基本的语法规则;词法就是词的使用规则,如动词时态、语态、助动词、情态动词、形容词和副词的用法等等。要造出一个正确的句子必须有词法和句法知识,比如要弄懂词类和句子成分的关系,比如形容词做定语,副词做装语;又比如代词所有格做定语;主格做主语;宾格做宾语,等等。 动词只能做谓语,十分重要。时态主要体现在动词上,动词做谓语,因此也就是要弄懂谓语的构成,不同的时态有不同的构成,时态有常用的时间状语,要彻底搞清楚。

一个句子必然有时态、语态。对谓语动词要弄清楚其时态和语态,才能进行肯定句、否定句和疑问句的转换。 语态体现在be 动词+ 过去分词上。不管什么语态的句子都有时态,不同时态的被动语态都有固定的结构。 句子必然有其由句子成分构成的句子结构。五种基本句型很重要,但是没有词类和句子成分的知识。例如不懂动词分为及物和不及物两种就不能懂得 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语; 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语; 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补助语这三种句型 一个句子或者是简单句或者是并列句,或者是复合句。要弄清楚:是简单句、并列句还是复合句?是复合句,又有什么从句? 每个句子的句子成分是怎么样的?如果不懂什么是宾语,那么就学不懂宾语从句;如果不懂什么是状语,那么就学不懂状语从句;如果不懂什么是定语,那么就学不懂定语从句;如果不懂什么是表语,那么就学不懂表语从句。 要弄清楚句子成分和结构,要学会从简单句、并列句、复合句三个方面分析句子,才能在阅读和造句时不犯错误。 所谓分析英语句子,就是从结构上分析判断它是简单句、并列句还是复合句? 它们是由什么词类词组充当的?并列句有几个分句?是什么从句?这些句子不管主句还是从句又是怎样构成的?这是大结构大框架的分析。还有从局部如谓语的分析,什么时态?什么语态?词法知识都很重要。还有状语定语的分析也是局部分析。 词类和句子成分的关系 十大词类 要搞清楚句子成分必须搞清楚英语的词类,因为句子成分是由一个一个的词或词组充

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