浙江省宁波市2019-2020学年高二下学期九校联考英语试题及答案

宁波市2020届高二第二学期九校联考英语试题第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节：（共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

AScott Ward didn't have any risk factors that he knew of for cancer so he ignored the lump on his neck until he couldn't ignore it anymore. Dr. Donald Doll, the doctor who treated Ward for his cancer, said, “We’re seeing more and more younger and healthier patients. They're not smokers or drinkers. It's HPV-related.” “Normally, you think of HPV (人乳头瘤病毒), you think of women,” Doll added, “wh ile it's a misconception that only women have to be concerned with cancers caused by this virus.”Luckily, there's a vaccine (疫苗) that's been around for more than a decade that can protect against the HPV virus. If all boys and girls received it, no one would get HPV-related cancers. The HPV vaccine is best when given to children between 9 and 12 years old, before they are sexually active. But teenagers and young adults can still benefit from the vaccine.Not everyone who gets the HPV virus develops cancer. But it is a risk factor. The agency says about 14 million people in the U.S. alone become infected with HPV each year. Yet, about half of all U.S. adolescents have not been fully vaccinated against HPV, which requires a series of three shots. The CDC says the side effects are generally short term and not serious. They can include dizziness, headache, fever, pain and etc.Ward’s recovery was difficult. But he’s now cancer-free. Ward wishes the HPV vaccine existed when he was a teen. He says if he had kids, he would get them vaccinated. “HPV-related cancers are cancers no one needs to get.” Ward said.21. Who should be worried about HPV-related cancers?A. Only women.B. Everyone.C. Younger people.D. Smokers and drinkers.22. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The HPV vaccine is best when given to teenagers and young adults.B. About 50% of all adults in America have not been fully vaccinated against HPV.C. One gets cancer if he or she gets the HPV virus.D. HPV vaccines have some side effects including dizziness, headache, and etc.23. Why did Ward say HPV-related cancers were cancers no one needed to get in the last paragraph?A. It is easy to recover from HPV-related cancers.B. HPV-related cancers are not that common.C. HPV-related cancers can be prevented by vaccination.D. HPV vaccine existed when he was a teen.BI’ve been teaching college for many years, long enough to note the gradual relaxation of attention in matters of student dress. And I’ve long been used to the worn jeans, flip-flops and shorts. Still, I took note recently when one of my students showed up in pajama bottoms. I couldn’t help asking, “Did you just roll out of bed?” “Five minutes ago.” he responded.I’m familiar with the school of thought that says that how students dress is not important, so long as they’re learning. This is much the same when they say “Grammar and spelling don’t matter, so long as they’re expressing themselves.” Perhaps. But I also wonder about the wisdom of blurring(模糊)the line between bed and desk. I should think that a careful consideration of clothes before entering a formal environment is a sort of visible reminder to oneself (and one’s teachers) that impressions are important and that we have come together to get down to business.I suppose that I come from a time when there were “school clothes” and “play clothes,” and never did the two sorts meet. I grew up in a working-class family, to whom “looking sharp” was important. Personal appearance might have made the difference between getting and losing a job. So yes, I’m all for freedom of choice in matters of dress, and yes, I do want my students to be comfortable. But I also want to pay my respects to those students who believe that appearances matter.I think of this lady I had in class a few years back. She was someone to whom science was never easy: She worked hard for respectable grades on every task. But I was impressed by how tastefully she dressed, day after day. When the course ended, I mentioned this to her. “Yo u always looked so nice,” I remarked，“as if you were ready to take on the world.”24. Which of the following statements is Not True?A. “Looking sharp” is helpful in getting a job.B. It is wise to blur the line between bed and desk.C. Students are being more and more casually dressed.D. The author believes we should pay some respects to our appearances.25. What does the “school of thought” mean in paragraph 2?A. a college that teaches thoughtsB. a group of students and teachersC. a way of thinkingD. a branch of learning26. What do we know about the lady in the last paragraph?A. She had a talent for science.B. The author was impressed by her casual dressing.C. Her grades were not decent though she studied hard.D. She was one of the students who believed that appearances matter.CWe are surrounded by people trying to make the world a better place. Peace activists bring enemies together so they can get to know one another and feel each other’s pain. School leaders try to attract a diverse set of s tudents so each can understand what it’s like to walk in the others’ shoes.It is true that people who are empathetic (共情的) are more sensitive to the perspectives and sufferings of others. They are more likely to make sympathetic moral judgments. The problem comes when we try to turn feeling into action. Empathy makes you more aware of other people’s sufferings, but it’s not clear whether it actually motivates you to take moral action or prevents you from taking immoral action. For example, in the early days of the Holocaust, Nazi prison guards sometimes wept as they killed Jewish women and children, but they still did it.Empathy directs you toward moral action, but it doesn’t seem to help much when that action comes at a personal cost. You may feel painful for the homeless guy on the other side of the street, but the chances are that you are not going to cross the street to give him a dollar. Studies investigating the link between empathy and moral action suggest that empathy is not a major player when it comes to moral motivation. Its contribution is slight in children, modest in adults, and nonexistent when costs are significant.Nobody is against empathy. However, it’s not enough. These days empathy has become a shortcut. It has become a way to experience delicious moral emotions without confronting the weaknesses in our nature that prevent us from actually acting upon them. It has become a way to experience the illusion (幻觉)of moral progress without having to do the nasty work of makingmoral judgments. Teaching empathy is a safe way for schools and other institutions to seem blameless without risking dispute or hurting anybody’s feelings.People who actually perform pro-social action don’t only feel for those who are suffering, they feel it necessary to act by a sense of duty. Empathy is less important. If you want to make the world a better place, help people debate, understand, reform, revere and enact their moral principles. Accept that principles conflict.27. Why does the author mention the Holocaust in paragraph 2?A. To show that empathy is limited in preventing people from wrongdoings.B. To prove that empathic people are more likely to make compassionate moral judgments.C. To explain that empathy is helpful for moral teaching.D. To criticize the immoral actions of Nazis.28. What will empathetic people probably do when they see the homeless?A. Reach out to them.B. Ignore them.C. Feel sorry for them.D. Raise money for them.29. According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. People are enthusiastic about empathy.B. Teaching empathy is a quicker way to achieve moral education.C. Empathy alone is not sufficient.D. People are unwilling to take actual actions.30. According to the author, what’s the best way to make the world a better place?A. Try to understand what it’s like to walk in the others’ shoes.B. Be more sensitive to the perspectives and sufferings of others.C. Stop teaching empathy since it is only a sideshow in moral education.D. Take on the duty to act and make real moral progress.第二节：（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。