独立主格结构总结(附习题)
独立主格结构知识点及例题
独立主格结构的构成独立主格的构成稍显复杂，主要有以下几种:1、名词/代词+现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）e.g. Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.2、名词/代词+过去分词（表示被动和已完成）e.g. The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.3、名词/代词+不定式（表示将要发生的动作）e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner(=His friends are going to come tonight so he is busy preparing the dinner.)4、名词/代词+形容词或副词（常用来说明名词的性质,特征或所处的状态）e.g. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.（=Because so many people were absent, the meeting had to be called off.）Nobody in, he left a message on the board.5、名词/代词+介词短语e.g. He went into the classroom,book in hand. （=He went into the classroom and a book is in his hand. )6、with/without+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/不定时e.g. With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. He sat at a desk with his attention fixed on a book.I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.7、It being +名词e.g. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.8、there +being/having beene.g. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.“with/without”引导的独立主格结构“介词with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作定语。
独立主格结构总结及练习
独立主格结构一、概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是一种特殊的结构，前一部分是名词或主格代词（作为逻辑主语），后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式和分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 在句中做状语，用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子其它部分分开。
它有以下几个特点：1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
3. 做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语、伴随状语等时候，通常可转换成状语从句或并列句。
二、独立主格结构的三种类型：（一）非谓语动词独立主格结构逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词分词作状语,当其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
用名词(代词)+现在分词时，名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
此时的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进行）。
有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况的状态或动作。
a) Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。
b) He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
c) Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground.他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。
(表示一般情况的状态或动作)2. 名词(代词)+ 过去分词名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动意义或完成意义。
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案语法重点：独立主格结构。
1. 原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2. 独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3. 独立主格结构用法。
A．用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
B. 用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D. 用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。
英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
D days’ 3._____, I had to ask for two days leave.
A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill the night. A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C D. A,B and C
• •
4） 表示伴随情况 ） Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是 最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors,and silver is the best of all.) • 5） 表示补充说明 ） • We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 • *注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相 独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，
独立主格结构 常见类型及其用法
• 独立主格的概念
我们称动作状态实行者为逻辑主语，称该 状态为逻辑谓语，在中文翻译上与状语从句没 什么区别。 • 是由名词或代词 代词作为逻辑主 “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主 语，加上分词 分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或 语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或 介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式 上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构” 上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。 •
3、条件状语 、 独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引 独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由 引 导的条件状语从句。 导的条件状语从句。如： D 1).________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall. A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B 2.)_____, the patient will recover himself soon. D A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C
高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)
独立主格结构“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。
（一）独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分，形式为：基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1．名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例：The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例：The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3．名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例：Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.5．名词/代词+形容词短语形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。
英语语法独立主格结构讲解和习题(完整版)
4、伴随状语 独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词 短语或并列谓语.如： 1>.We have lessons every day, __A______. A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above 2>.The boy fell asleep,___A______. A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above
• 不能省略being <having been>的情形在下列两 种情况下,独立主格结构中的being〔或having been不能省略.
•
<1> 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时.如：It
being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天,
我们去了做礼拜.
•
<2>在There being＋名词的结构中.如：
三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合 宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与 主句之间不应有从属连词〔如when, if, as soon as, as, while等或并列连词〔如and, but, or, so等.例如：
1.__A___ the teacher told the class to go
B.Being
C.Having been
D.There was
2>___B____no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was
独立主格结构练习题及解析解析
独立主格结构练习题及解析(附答案1. I have a lot of books, half of novels.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. Them2. more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.A. becauseB. asC. WithD. Since3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most ofcarrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.A. themB. whoC. whomD. Which4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of over 600 years old.A. whichB. thatC. themD. It5. The cave very dark, he lit some candles light.A. was; givenB. was; to giveC. being; givenD. being; to give6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand a gun and his facewith sweat.A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering7. The girl in the snapshot( 快照 was smiling sweetly, her longhairA. flowed in the breeze(微风B. was flowing in the breezeC. were flowing in the breezeD. flowing in the breeze8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. That10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, Land Rover of the latest.A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. the others【答案与解析】1. D 。
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案(可编辑修改word版)
语法重点：独立主格结构。
1.原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2.独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3.独立主格结构用法。
A．用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
B.用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C.用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D.用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。
独立主格结构及精选习题
独立主格结构（一）定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。
但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
（二）构成：1.名词（代词） + 不定式、现在分词或过去分词Weather permitting, we'll go s ightseeing.= If w eather permits, ... 作条件状语天气允许的话，我们要去观光。
Homework finished, the boy went out to play football.=When homework was finished,... 作时间状语作业做完了，男孩出去玩足球。
The exam to be held tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.明天要考试，我今晚不能去看电影。
2.名词（代词） +（being ）+表语（名词、形容词、副词或介词短语）It (being) Sunday, we went climbing.= As it was Sunday, ... 作原因状语由于是星期天，我们去爬山。
Tod l ooked a t the million-pound n o te,his eyes (being) wide o pen.托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。
S u m m e r vacations (being) over, students returned to s chool.暑假结束了，学生们返回学校。
3.with+ 名词（代词）+宾补，宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。
此句型又称with 复合结构。
a.They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning .他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。
独立主格结构完美总结（附习题）[5篇材料]
独立主格结构完美总结（附习题）[5篇材料]第一篇：独立主格结构完美总结(附习题)温新堂个性化VIP一对一教学独立主格结构的用法说明与注意点一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点：1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的常见形式独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
独立主格类型2：名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished, we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。
独立主格类型3：名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
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独立主格结构的用法说明与注意点一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点：1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2. 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
3. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的常见形式独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
独立主格类型2：名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。
独立主格类型3：名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
独立主格类型4：名词（代词）+介词短语The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。
独立主格类型5：名词（代词）+形容词或副词He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半开着。
She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开始写一封长信。
独立主格类型6：There being +名词（代词）There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
独立主格类型7：It being +名词（代词）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
说明：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。
如：Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别开着窗睡觉。
He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。
She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。
He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
I ca n’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了.三、英语独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1. 用作时间状语The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
2. 用作条件状语Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4. 用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5. 表示补充说明A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold). 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
四、使用独立主格结构的几点注意1.当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。
如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
2.在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略：(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。
如:It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
(2)在There being＋名词的结构中。
如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m3.在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.4.独立主格结构没有所有格形式。
如：The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。
比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.5.独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。
如：The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。
Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。
独立主格结构中的非谓语动词用法独立主格结构的基本形式是“名词或代词+形容词（副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等）”。
本文主要归纳“名词或代词+非谓语动词”这一结构的用法。
1. 名词或代词+不定式其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。
如：Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。
2. 名词或代词+现在分词其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进行）。
如：She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。
We explored the caves, Peter acting as a guide. 由彼得作向导，我们探查了那些洞穴。
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
注：有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况。