2000年8月托福听力文字答案
某年8月托福听力文字
蓝色字为注释，红色字为尚待校正部分。
00年8月托福听力文字Part A1. M: do you have this style shirt in my size?W: I'll check. But...to tell u the truth, i think this one's right for u.Q: what does the woman mean?2. M: oh, I'm sorry. I just realized that I forgot to bringthe tape recorder you lent me. I left it back in mydorm.W: That's all right. I won't need it until tonight. As long as I've got it by then.Q: what does the woman Imply?3. M: So how much was your plane ticket?W: More than I could really afford. I had to dip into my saving(动用存款).Q: What does the woman imply?4. W: Wed. are going to be busy days for me next semester.Three class in the morning and then two more in theafternoon. I won't even have time for lunch.M: You really should try to fit it in, you know. Those afternoon classeswould be tough to sit through（耐着性子听完） if u stomach's rumbling（咕噜叫）.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?5. W: You are dropping out of the Marching Band? But Ithought you loved it. All the travelling, playingbefore big crowds.M: I do. But...with all that time away from my studies my grades are really starting to slip.Q: what does the man mean?6. W: I'm thinking of getting a new pantsuit（长裤与衣相配成套的便服）to wear to James' wedding.M: I just hope that my old suit still fits. You know how I feel about shopping.Q: What does the man imply?7. M: What's my share of the bill? 18.50? That can't be right! I only had asalad for dinner.W: don't get excited. let me check them out（核对）.Q: what will woman probably do next?8. M: I'm surprised that Sarah told her boss he was wrong to have fired his secretary.W: I know. But that Sarah...If she has an opinion, everyone's got to know it.Q: what does the woman mean?9. M: how about a movie tonight? That new comedy is opening in town.W: Sounds great, but I've got to put finishing touches on my psychology research paper.Q: What does the woman imply?10. W: you won't have to look very hard to find a job oncampus. But I don't think you'll find anything thatisn't just part-time.M: That suits me. Anything more than that, and I have to change my class schedule.Q: What does the man mean?11. M: Do u think u feel energetic enough to walk to our study group session tonight?W: If there is one! I guess u haven't heard the weather report. over a foot of snow is expected.Q: What does the woman imply?12. M: Oh! I turned all of my white sock pink! I threw a red T-shirt in by accident.W: Have u tried running them through again with bleach?Q: what does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: I hear that your brother is planning to transfer to another universityM: not if I can talk him out of it. And believe me, I'm trying.Q: what does the man imply?14. W: I'd like to enroll in the free seminar u advertisedin newspaper. The one on managing your personalfinances.M: Okay. Now the ad did say that u have to have a saving account at our bank to be eligible. Do u have onehere?Q: What does the man want to know?15. W: Did you see the weather forecast for this weekend?I can't believe how the temperature's gonna dip(下降).M: I know. That isn't my idea what Oct. should be like.Q: What does the man mean?16. M: This exhibit is a total bore! I can't believe they call this art.W: I think I've seen enough.Q: What will the woman probably do next?17. W: We should probably think about selecting someoneto lead our study group you know, somebody reallyorganized.M: Then u can count me out.Q: What does the man mean?18. W: what do you think would be a reasonable price to pay for a new computer?M: You are asking the wrong person. my brother gave me mine.Q: What does the man imply?19. W: T hat’s a nice-looking jacket. It fits u perfectly.Is it something u bought recently?M: Thanks. No, I've had it a while. I've just been waiting for the weather tocool down.Q: What does the man imply?20. M: What's wrong with Herald today? he snapped（厉声说）to me for no reason.W: Don't worry, it's just the end of the semesterpressure. He'll be his old self next week.（变回原来的样子）Q: What does the woman say about Herald?21. W: I'm sorry. I need to work late tonight. So u shouldprobably cancel our reservation at the restaurant.M: Oh, actually I've never got round to making one in the first place.Q: What does the man mean?22. M: Professor Johnson, for my sociology project thisterm I'm thinking of interviewing all theresidents in town on their TV viewing habit.W: Well that's quite an undertaking for such a short term project. Maybeyou should to take a little while to think about what that would entail（使必须的）before making your final decision.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?23. M: how do I look in this new sweater I bought yesterday?I was in a hurry, so didn't have a chance to try iton.W: Well, I really like the style. But it looks a little tight. You might want to take it back and get the next size up.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?24. M: Do you have any idea what it'll cost to send this little package to Australia?W: You've got me! The farthest I've ever sent a package is Canada.Q: What does the woman mean?25. M: This isn't the dish I ordered, but I'm glad I got it. It's delicious.W: As far as I'm concerned, the waiter should still hear about it.26. M：I’ve still got to fulfill my foreign languagerequirement, three semesters’worse. What aboutyou?W: N ot me. I tested out of Spanish. Don’t you remember my dad got a job in Mexico when I was 5? I’ve lived there for 8 years, so I’m pretty fluent.Q: What does the woman mean?27. W: Excuse me. Do you know when the next train for Philadelphia leaves?M: No, I don’t. But there’s a schedule in the rack, right in front of the ticket window.Q: What can be inferred about the man?28. W: I want to take some pictures of my family when Igo home this weekend, but I hate lugging my cameraaround. It’s so bulky（体积大的）and heavy.M: You can take mine instead. I won’t need it this weekend and it takes great pictures despite thesize.Q: What does the man imply?29. W: You know what the Wildlife Club needs? We need anadvisor, someone who knows a lot about theenvironment and wild life conservation.M: There’s someone new in the Biology Department, Professor Bell. I’ll see if she’ll beinterested.Q: What will the man probably do?30. M: You were also wearing a blue scarf when you camein, weren’t you? I think I grabbed yours byaccident.W: No, you didn’t. Mine’s still hanging by the door.I can see it from here.Q: What does the woman mean?Part B31-35M: What happened to you today?W: I went to the Bard Music Festival in downtown New York .I listened to a really nice concert.M: Really? Then whose music were they played?W: Just Haydn’s. It was so beautiful that I was humming （哼唱的）the music myself all the way home on the train.What time is it, anyway? It must be getting late. M: 7o’clock. Did you forget? We were supposed t o meet the other members of the Computer Science Club thisafternoon.W: Oh, I am sorry. It completely slipped my mind.M: Sally was going to show us a software program she bought.I wanted to see it.W: Why didn’t you go?M: Well, I was waiting for you, like we planned. And beforeI knew it, it was too late. But forget it, the concertwould probably be more interesting.W: My favorite piece of Haydn’t Baritone Trion No.97. The Baritone（萨克斯号）is an old type of string instrument.It’s unusual that it had two sets of strings. One set you play with a bow, like a violin, the other set you can pluck with your figures. The balance of theplucking and bowing was beautiful.M: I’ve listened to several of Haydn’s symphonies before.I have a couple of () CDs.W: You do? I’d like to borrow them some time if you don’t mind.M: If I can find them, sure. My CD collections stuff away somewhere.W: I hope I can get the CD of the Baritone Trio I’ve heard. M: Well, we still have some time before the mall closes.Why don’t we check to see if the music shop’s got it. W: All right.31, what is the conversation mainly about?32, why did the woman apologize to the man?33, what is unusual about the baritone?34, what does the woman want to borrow front the man? 35, where will the speakers probably go next?Question 36 through 39;M: let's say you are geologist, and u want to investigatethe geological history of a place. that is, how did geologists determine things like...say ..How were the rocks formed? Or was an area once under water? If so, when? How should u go about it?W: I'd start with stratigraphy（地层学）.M: could u explain what that is to the class?W: well, stratigraphy is the description of strata（地层，stratum的复数） in sedimentary rock. I guess that's not so clear, huh? Ok, let's say one of theinvestigators spot near a river, for example. well, over the history of the area, every time the river flooded, it would deposit a layer of sediment all through with floodplain(泛滥平原). Sometimes a bigger layer, sometimes a smaller, depending on the size of the flood. Well, one layer or stratum gets deposited over another. Obviously these strata built up over millions of years. Stratigraphy is the study of these layers of deposited settlement.M: so does that mean if i examine each of these strata,i can tell how long ago each one is deposited?W: not necessarily. You see, there might've been some years when the river didn't flood and no settlement was deposited. You need other kinds of evidence to tell how much time might've gone by between when one layer got deposited and one on top of it got deposited.M: and what are those other kinds of evidence u are talking about?W: well, fossils for one. You can determine exactly how old a fossil is and that's how u can tell how the rock surrounding it is.M: very good. The discovery of that particular techniqueis an interesting story. It was a man named William Smith who first used fossils for the purpose of dating strata back in the 1800s.let's take a look at how he went about making this geological breakthrough.36 what is the discussion mainly about?37 what does the woman explain when she talks about rivers?38 according to the discussion, why are geologists unable to determine thegeological age of an area by studying sediment deposit alone?39 what will the class probably discuss next?Part CQuestion 40 through 43(这篇文章Gter的笔记有缺失) Recently some anthropologist conducted an interesting case study in ethnology. now ethnology(人种学)as u recall is a branch of anthropology that deal with how various cultures developed change. The study was about the development of basket weaving by African-american women who live in the town of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The town is known for its high quality sweet grass baskets which are woven bye these women. They've been weaving the baskets for generations, handing down the skill from mother to daughter. Some of the baskets have been place on permanent display at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. the origin of their basket weaving dates back to the 17th century and even earlier when these women's ancestors came to the United States from the west coast of Africa. Now, it's mainly a hobby. But back in the 17th and 18th century African and American women wove the baskets for use on therice plantations. There were two types of baskets then: workbaskets and baskets for use in the home. The workbaskets were made out of bulrushes(芦苇). Bulrushes are long tough grass that grow in marshes. One type ofworkbaskets was fan basketwhich was used to separate the grain of rice from waste. The baskets used in the home were made out of the more delicate sweet grass. They were used for everything from fruit baskets to baby cradles.40 what is the talk mainly about?41 how did the women mentioned in the talk learn to wave basket?42 according to the speaker, what type of baskets was make out of bulrush?43 what is the main reason that the women in South Carolina now weave baskets?Questions 44 through 46:This morning I want to tell u about a recent scientific discovery dealing with the relation between plants and animals. this is about a desert shrub whose leaves can shoot a stream of poisonous resin（树脂）a distance of six feet. You think it will be safe from all attacks by insects. But a recent study has found one insect, a beetle, that can chew its way past the plant's defense system by cutting the main vein that delivers the poison to the leaves. This vein cutting is jut one method the beetles used to prepare a safe meal. Another is by cutting a pathall the way across the leave to hold the flow of chemicals. Then they simply eat between the veins of poison. In the past, scientists who studied inset adaptation to plant defenses have focused on chemical responses. That is, how the insects can neutralize or alter the poisonous substances plants produce. what's unique about this chewing strategy is that the beetle is actually exhibiting a behavioral(行为的) response to the plant's defenses rather than the more common chemical response. It is only after a beetle's survived several encounters with the plant' resin that it learns how to avoid the poison: by chewing through the resin transporting veins on the next leaf it eats. And thus gives itself a meal. however, it can take a beetle an hours an a half of careful vein cutting to prepare a small leaf that takes it only a few minutes to eat. So, though the method is effective, it's not very efficient.41 what is the talk mainly about?42 what is unusual about the desert plant?43 how can the beetles avoid being poisoned by the plant?Questions 47 through 50:We're going to start our discussion of poetry in Western Europe with the Iliad and the Odyssey .these two great poems stand out as great examples of the earliest European poems. they are believed to have been written some time between 800BC and 700BC,partly because the poems refer to the social conditions of that time, conditions that have been validated（验证）by the findings of archeologists. but just who was the poet who laid down thesecornerstones(基石) of western literature? Well, tradition ascribles them to a man named Homer, but we know virtually nothing about this Homer. In fact, some say that such a poet never existed at all, that neither the Iliad nor the Odyssey was written by a single poet, but rather each poem is compositive of the writings of several people. This, anyway, is the view of a school of literary critics in the 18th century known as the Analysts. The Analysts pointed to internal evidence such as variations in the literary devices used in the poem to argue that each work was in fact a collection of several poems by several Greek authors. Opposing the analysts were a second group of scholars called the Unitarian. They insisted that the Iliad and the Odyssey could have been the work of single poetic genius. To support their argument, they stress among other things the consistency of the character portrayed in the poetry. This wouldn't have been possible, they said, if they were written by many different poets. Now how we look at the Homeric question today has been greatly influenced by someone named Milman Parry, an American scholar who first presented his ideas about Homer in the 1930s. So let's take a look at Parry's research and how it affects what modern day scholars think about Homer.47 what aspect of the Iliad and the Odyssey does the professor mainly discuss?48 according to the professor, what is one of the claims made by the analysts?49 According to the Unitarians, what is one type of evidence that a single poet could have written both the Iliad and the Odyssey?50 What will the professor probably talk about next?。
老托福阅读真题 2000年8月
2000年8月TOEFL试题Section Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-8Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what now the heart of Los Angeles, California.These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site. Excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable siteThe tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals fromthe last 30,000 years of the Ice Age. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses. The creatures found range form insects and birds to giant ground sloth’s, but a total of 17proboscides (animal with a proboscis or long nose)- including mastodons and Columbian mammoths- have been recovered, most of themfrom Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust. Unwary animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and hungeror fall prey to predators that often also became stuck. As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn.Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or (25) months. Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnatingand beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering then dark brown and shiny.1. What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The amount of asphalt that was mined there(B)The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals(C) The fossil remains that have been found there(D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits2. In using the phrase ―the heart of Los Angeles‖in line 2, the author is talking about the city’s(A) beautiful design (B) central area (C) basic needs (D) supplies of natural asphalt3. The word ―noticed‖ in line 5 closest in meaning to(A) predicted (B) announced (C) corrected (D) observed4. The word ―tangled‖ in line 10 is closest in meaning to 、(A) buried beneath (B) twisted together (C) quickly formed (D) easily dated5. The word ―them‖ in line 13 refers to(A) insects (B) birds (C) cloths (D) proboscideans6. How many probosicdeans have been found at the La Brea tar pits?(A) 9 (B) 17 (C) 1.5 million (D) 2.5 million7. The word ―concealed‖ in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) highlighted (B) covered (C) transformed (D) contaminated8. Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?(A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores(B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea(C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid extinction.(D) To define the term ―scavengers‖Questions 9-19The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present] urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism’s in little more than a century.In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In face, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on a water highway.When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).9. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.(B) The evolution of cities in North America(C) Trade between North American and European cities(D)The effects of the United Sates’ independence on urban growth in New England.10. The word ―they‖ in line 4 refers to(A) North American colonies (B) cities (C) centuries (D) town economies11. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following?(A) Their economic success (B) The type of merchandise they exported(C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements (D)The pace of their development12. The Word ―accordingly‖ in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) as usual (B) in contrast (C) to some degree (D)for that reason13. According to the passage, early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to(A) an abundance of natural resources (B) financial support from colonial governments(C) proximity to parts of Europe (D) a favorable climate14. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe?(A) Manufacturing equipment （B) Capital goods(C) Consumer goods (D) Raw materials15. According to the passage, all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the(A) location of the plantations(B) access of plantation owners to shipping(C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantation16. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern, cities, most southern cities were(A) imagined (B) discovered (C) documented (D)planned17. The word ―recorded‖ in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) imagined (B) discovered (C) documented (D) planned18. The word ―drawing‖ in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) attracting (B) employing (C) instructing (D) representing19. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line28-29) because it was a time of(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade(C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms(D) increased migration from northern states to southern statesQuestions 20-28During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid production increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial facto behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of labor-saving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country.Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture. With much of the labor force inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-saving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; five years later there were 350,000.After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a self-binding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since steam-powered threshing machines were costly items-running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 -they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from farm to farm during the harvest season. ―Combines‖ were also coming into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines —sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses – reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation.The adoption of labor-saving machinery had a profound effect upon the sale of agricultural operations in the northern states-allowing farmers to increase vastly their crop acreage. By the end of century, a farmer employing the new machinery could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmer had using hand methods 50 years before.20. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenth century does the Passage mainly discuss?(A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production(B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northern farms(C) Farming practices before the Civil War(D) The increase in the number of people farming21. The word ―crucial‖ in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) obvious (B) unbelievable (C) important (D) desirable22. The phrase ―avail themselves‖ in lines 10-11 is closest in meaning to(A) take care (B) make use (C) get rid (D) do more23. According to the passage, why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization?(A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers.(B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers.(C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain.(D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force.24. The passage supports which of the following statements about machinery after the Civil War?(A) Many farmers preferred not to use the new machinery.(B) Returning laborers replaced the use of machinery.(C) The use of farm machinery continued to increase.(D) Poor-quality machinery slowed the pace of crop production.25. Combines and self-binding reapers were similar because each(A) could perform more than one function(B) required relatively little power to operate(C) was utilized mainly in California(D) required two people to operate26. The word ―they‖ in line 17 refers to(A) grain stalks (B) threshing machines (C) steam engines (D) horses27. It can be inferred from the passage that most farmers did not own threshing machines because.(A) farmers did not know how to use the new machines(B) farmers had no space to keep the machines(C) thresher owner had chance to buy the machines before farmers did(D) the machines were too expensive for every farmer to own28. The word ―ponderous‖ in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) Advanced (B) heavy (C) complex (D) rapidQuestions 29-39The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world.In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch. Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool than did the fish gathered by the men. Of particular made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells.The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips. The women also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves.29. Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Methods of food preservation(B) How diet was restricted by the environment(C) The contributions of women to the food supply(D) Difficulties in establishing successful farms30. The word ―unique‖ in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) comprehensible (B) productive (C) intentional (D) particular31. The word ―attained‖ in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) achieved (B) modified (C) demanded (D) spread32. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the social organization of many agricultural peoples is(A) more complex than that of hunters and foragers(B) less efficient than that of hunters and foragers(C) more widespread than that of hunters and foragers(D) better documented than that of hunters and foragers33. According to the passage, what is true of the ―division of labor‖ mentioned in line 5?(A) It was first developed by Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast.(B) It rarely existed among hunting(C) It was a structure that the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast shared with many other peoples.(D) It provided a form of social organization that was found mainly among coastal peoples.34. The word ―abundant‖ in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) prosperous (B) plentiful (C) acceptable (D) fundamental35. All of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they(A) were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish(B) contributed more materials for tool making than the men did(C) sometimes searched for food far inland from the coast(D) prepared and preserved the fish36. The word ―They‖ in line 16 refers to(A) women (B) tools (C) mammals (D) men37. The Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to(A) store utensils used in food preparation(B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling(C) have a place to store fish and shellfish(D) prepare elaborate meals38. The wore ―peculiar‖ in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) strange (B) distinctive (C) appealing (D) biological39. All of following are true of the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph 4 EXCEPT that it was(A) made from fish (B) not actually cheese(C) useful on long journeys (D) made in a short period of timeQuestion 40-45Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making. Unlike modern industrial potters, prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces individually, using the simplest technology but demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning their vessels. The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the utmost care: often it was traded over considerable distances. The consistency of the clay was crucial: it was pounded meticulously and mixed with water to make it entirely even in texture. By careful kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and made the clay as plastic as possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the pot was built up. When a pot is fired, it loses its water and can crack, so the potter added a temper to the clay, a substance that helped reduce shrinkage and cracking.Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and also improved the durability in day-to-day use, the potter smoothed the exterior surface of the pot with wet hands. Often a wet clay solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth surface. Brightly colored slips were often used and formed painted decorations on the vessel. In later times, glazes came into use in some areas. A glaze is a form of slip that turns to a glasslike finish during high-temperature firing. When a slip was not applied, the vessel was allowed to dry slowly until the external surface was almost like leather in texture. It was then rubbed with a round stone or similar object to give it a shiny, hard surface. Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths. The vessels were covered with fast-burning wood; as it burned, the ashes would all around the pots and bake them Evenly over a few hours. Far higher temperatures were attained in special ovens, known as kilns, which would not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity, but also dissolve carbons and iron compounds. Kilns were also used for glazing, when two firings were needed. Once fired, the pots were allowed to cool slowly, and small cracks were repaired before they were ready for use.40. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Why archaeologists study prehistoric pot making(B) How early pottery was made and decorated(C) The development of kilns used by early potters(D) The variety of decorations on Prehistoric pottery41. The word ―meticulously‖ in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) heavily (B) initially (C) carefully (D) completely42. Which of the following was a process used by prehistoric potters to improve thetexture of the clay?(A) Adding temper (B) Removing the water(C) Beating on the clay (D) Mixing the clay with plastic substances43. The word ―durability‖ in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) quality (B) endurance (C) adaptability (D) applicability44. Prehistoric potters applied slips and glazes to their vessels in order to do which of the following?(A) Improve the appearance of the vessels(B) prevent the vessels from leaking(C) Help the vessels a leather like quality(D) Give the vessels a leather like quality45. Which of the following was a method used by some potters to give vessels a glossy finish?(A) Smoothing them with wet hands(B) Mixing the clay with colored solutions(C) Baking them at a very high temperature(D) Rubbing them with a smooth hard object46. The word ―incised‖ in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) designed (B) carved (C) detailed (D) painted47. The word ―they‖ in lin e 26 refers to(A) kilns (B) firings (C) pots (D) cracks48. According to the passage, the advantage of kilns over open fires was that the kilns(A) required less wood for burning (B) reached higher temperatures(C) kept ashes away from the pots (D) baked vessels without cracking them49. Look at the terms ―temper‖ (line9), ―glazes‖(line14), ―kilns‖(line23), and ―compounds‖(24). Which of these terms is NOT defined in the passage?(A) temper (B) glazes (C) kilns (D) compounds50. The passage mentions that when pottery is fired under burning wood ,the ashes help(A) prevent the clay from cracking(B) produce a more consistently baked pot(C) attain a very high temperature(D) give the vessel a glasslike finish。
8月TOEFL(托福)听力文本及答案
0308托福试题听力：1 (a)She has completed her project(b)She needs some help finishing the project(c)Her economics class no longer meets(d)The man should not touch the project until it is finished2 (a) He disagrees with the woman(b)He has a lot of experience listening to others(c ) He can keep a secret(d) He has several younger brothers and sisters3 (a) She has already seen the movie(b) She doesn’t like to go to the movies(c )She hasn’t seen Mary recently(d) Mary didn’t ask her to go to the mo vies4(a) Use cream on her rash(b)See if her rash improves in a few days(c) Check out a medical book from the library(d) See a doctor about her rash5(a) He’s usually a good dancer(b) He’s embarrassed about the photograph(c ) He didn’t enjoy the par ty(d) H e hasn’t seen the photograph6(a) She prefers to stay indoors during the summer(b) S he doesn’t agree with the man(c) Too much hot weather can be unpleasant(d) The weather is supposed to get even hotter7(a) Dry his clothes for another fifteen minutes(b)Inspect the dryer for damage(c ) Take this clothes out of the dryer(d) Wash his clothes again8(a) He likes the music class(b) The woman missed the deadline(c )It may still be possible to drop the class(d) H e doesn’t plan to take music9(a)She has decided not to go to Florida(b)H er plans aren’t definite(c) Her friend just returned from Florida(d)She prefers to travel without her friend10(a)T he costumes weren’t as good as the s scenery(b) The scenery could have been more realistic(c ) She wishes she had seen the play(d) T he actors in the play weren’t students11(a) H e didn’t know the book was a best-seller(b) H e’s becoming more interested in the book(c ) H e’s on his way to the bookstore(d) He has just finished the book12 (a) S he’d rather do another puzzle(b)S he doesn’t have time for puzzles(c ) S he’d like a chance to solve the puzzle(d) S he’s not as good at puzzles as the man13(a)Revise the report(b)Go to another copy machine(c )Ask his classmates to make their own copies(d) Get more paler14(a) The woman is a better mechanic than he is(b) H e can’t go for a ride with the woman(c ) H e doesn’t know a lot about newer cars(d)T he woman shouldn’t buy a used car15(a)Start studying with the man(b) Continue watching television(c ) Take a nap(d) Turn down the volume on the television16(a)Store the bicycle inside the dormitory(bAsk someone to repair the bicycle(c ) Ride the bicycle on campus(d) T ry to find the bicycle’s owner17(a)He lives with a first-year student(b)He wanted to live in an apartment(c)H e isn’t a new student(d) He was assigned space in a dorm18(a) He has to pick up some groceries(b)H e hasn’t had any tea for a long time(c )H e’d like to walk a little further(d)H e’ll pay for the drinks19(a)The boss will probably discipline the woman(b)T he boss may disregard the woman’s lateness(c ) T he boss won’t know the woman was late(d) The boss is often late for work20(a) She may change her mind about the college(b)H e doesn’t know what time she arrived(c )He wishes he had met her yesterday(d)She should visit the campus again soon21(a) S he can’t help the man(b)S he doesn’t want to lend the man any money(c )She owes the man some money(d) She sometimes asks the man to drive her places22(a)A lot of students entered the talent show(b)The talent show was canceled(c )Not many students enjoy talent shows(d)The speakers are judges for the talent show23(a)The tour guide will be late(b)The appointment for the tour will be changed(c The tour will begin before she and the man arrive(d)The museum will open earlier than usual24(a)S he doesn’t need a pay raise(b)She got a pay raise last year(c )S he hasn’t yet received a pay raise(d) She will give the man a pay raise25(a)He recently injured his hand(b)He can carry some books for the woman(c)H e needs to borrow some of the woman’s books(d)H e can’t help the woman until noon26(a)He enjoys talking about pets(b)He agrees that the woman is quite knowledgeable(c )He dislikes people who think they know everything(d)He hates standing in line27(a)The professor might give an exam in class(b)The man might not be able to leave campus early(c )The class might not finish their oral presentation(d)T his week’s class might be longer than expected28(a) Invite his roommate to a party(b)Ask his roommate to go to the housing office(c )Stop complaining about his roommate(d)Arrange to get a different roommate29(a)H e’s improved the way he looks(b)He manages his time well(c )He looks happier lately(d)He follows directions more carefully now30(a)H e doesn’t have any paper towels(b)T hey don’t need any more paper bags(c )The food is ruined(d )He thinks a mop would work better31(a)Causes of illness(b)The discovery of antibiotics(c )The history of prescription drugs(d)Characteristics of antibiotics32(a)Her lab notes(b)A medical reference book(c )A homework assignment(d) The name of her doctor33(a)To give an example of a bad reaction to penicillin(b)To show how penicillin has changed over the years(c )To emphasize the importance of antibiotics(d)To explain why penicillin requires a prescription34(a)In a pharmacology course(b)From her mother(c )At the student health center(d) From her doctor35(a)Look up some information about his medicine(b)Take an extra dose of his medicine(c )Ask his doctor to change his prescription(d)Begin to do research for his lab project36(a)Current issues in economics(b)Choices faced by conservationists(c ) A recent biology lecture(d)Topics for a research paper37(a)S he’s writing research papers(b)S he’s working on a conservation project(c )S he’s studying for exams(d)S he’s d oing her biology homework38(a)S he doesn’t know which topic to choose(b)Her assignments are due on the same day(c )S he’s concerned about the spotted owl(d)She dislikes her economics class39(a)A scarcity of jobs in their field(b)Inadequate training in methods of biological research(c )Difficulties in classifying all of the varieties of owls(d)A lack of funding for their work with endangered species40(a)It has numerous traits in common with the spotted owl(b)Its population is increasing(c )It may not survive without special efforts of conservationists(d)Its role in the chain of evolution has not yet been examined41(a)To explain why Wright became an architect(b)T o describe the positive aspects of Wright’s architecture(c )To explain why Wright’s style of architecture became less popular(d)To describe the materials Wight used in construction42(a)His houses were often small(b)His designs were overly simple(c )His roofs often leaked(d )His building did not match their natural surroundings43(a)He helped construct a chapel(b)H e took over his family’s business(c )He trained under Guggenheim(d)He worked on a project overseas44(a)T hey characterize stages in Wright’s career(b)Wright died while they were being constructed(c )They were Wr ight’s earliest buildings(d)T hey are examples of Wright’s classical styles45(a)Theories of how the universe evolved(b) Similarities between the planets in the solar system(c )Reason for the high density of earth(d)Theories of the origin of the Moon46(a)Earth and the Moon traveled at different speeds(b)The Moon formed billions of years before Earth(c )Earth did not have enough gravitational pull(d)Earth and the Moon were too far from each other47(a)The Moon has no water(b)T he Moon’s materials came from Earth’s core(c )T he Moon’s core differs from its surface(d)The Moon contains little iron48(a) It is difficult to define(b)Its causes are often unknown(c )Psychologists disagree about how to treat it(d)Its symptoms often go unnoticed49(a)To explain the effect it has on mental illness(b)To suggest that it is easier to diagnose than mental illness(c )To discuss the role of medicine in clinical psychology(d)To show the similarities between physical and mental illness50(a)Another means of measuring normal behavior(B)W hy some politicians aren’t well adjusted(c )H ow an individual’s behavior is influenced by therapy(d) Problems often encountered by psychologists0308ABADB CCCBA BDDCC DCDBA DACCB DBCAC DACBA BABDC BCAAD CDABA。
2002年08月托福考试听力文字
02年8月托福听力文字Part A1. We've got an hour before our next class, would you like to get something to eat here?I can join you for a quick sandwich, but I need to run some errands afterward.2. When is the garbage picked up here?On Wednesdays, but I always put the cans out on Tuesday night, so I don't miss the trucks in the morning.3. Hey, how come you never took that introductory math class? You know, the one everyone else had to take,I thought it was a university wide requirement for graduation.Oh, I took a similar class in high school. They said that's all I needed.4. Why are you going home to see your parents this weekend?I need my dad's help to fill up this loan application.5. Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest pay phone is?Well, the nearest one is in the library. But that closed an hour ago. I think the next clo sest one is probably in the student center.6 I heard you needed people to bring stuff for a picnic, I was thinking of making a salad o r something. But I’m not sure how much we'll need any idea how many people are coming?Don't worry about it. Everything’s already been taken care of.7 I'm not sure which tie to wear in my interview, what do you think of this red one?Maybe you should consider wearing a different one.8 I'm going to be out of town all next week, and I’m looking for someone to feed my cat whi le I'm gone, you don't suppose i could talk to you into it, do youYou know, I’d be glad to, but I’ll be away next week too, but you know what, let me giv e my sister a call, she loves animals, and she lives only a couple of blocks from your apart ment.9 Did you see that new artwork? You know that poster they just put up in the cafeteria; I wo nder whose bright idea that was?You know there's nothing wrong with the poster itself, it just doesn't go with the color s in the cafeteria.10.You know that report was due in my office a couple of days ago, Where is it?I'm sorry, it’s coming along, but as long as the computer's down, I can't finish it. 11、A. Look we’re almost out of gas, we’d better stop at the next gas station, we have eno ugh to make to the campus.B. If we stop now, we’ll be late for classQ. What do the woman imply?12 I don't know what to do, I have two papers due next week, and there’s no way I’m going t o get both done have you ask your professors to extend the deadlines? They are usually prett y good about that sort of thing, but if you're going to ask them, don’t wait till the last m inute.13 You know, Mary, I met your twin sister the other day, and you two look so much alike, and I don't how people ever tell you apart.Actually it's not that difficult, because she always wears dresses, and I'm usually in a T-s hirt and a pair of old jeans.What does Mary mean?14,Excuse me, do you sell calculators looked over in the office supply section, but I couldn 't find anyThat is where you'd find them, but we're all sold out, we probably won't have any in fo r a few more weeks.What does the man mean?15 Do you have a few minutes to look over this outline for next week's debate with me ,I need to know if I have enough support for my arguments.I'm tied up in the moment, why don't come back during my office hours.What does the woman mean?16 You're taking another computer class? I thought you've already had a degree in computer s cience.I do, but the technology keeps changing all the time, this is the best way to keep up with it.17.Would you like me to water your plants while you are away?Thanks for the offer, but Mark already said he'd keep an eye on them.18 I never should have taken that biology course, I mean I barely finish with reading for one experiment and professor Jordan slaps on another reading assignmentI just can't keep up you knowYeah, I know, that’s what everybody said at first, but bear with her, the reading load's ge tting lighter, you see, and you won't be sorry.What does the woman mean?19.I feel awful, I’m thinking maybe if I'm going to the clinic they who give me something t o make me feel better,I’m no expert, but I know your how hectic schedule are these days between your studying fo r finals and your part time job, you never back to the dorm before midnight,Maybe you should try slowing down a little,20.Are we still going ice-skating after work today?Ice-skates, oh, shoot; I knew I left something at home when I got here this morning.21. I'm waiting else some of my old clothes for my closet.Why don't you put them in the bed for charity?22 Do you think you could lend me a few dollars until tomorrow, I left my wallet at home and I don't have enough money for lunch?Why don't just let me treat you, I just got paid, besides I owe you for helping me with tha t physics project last month23 Are you going to keep your part-time job next semester at the biology laboratory or you a re going try for a different laboratory this timeActually neither one semester as a lab assistant is enough, washing test tubes can get old p retty fast.24 How about getting you father a book on tape for a present, this bookstore has ones coveri ng everything from mystery to historical novels, and they’re really popular.Well, he does spend a lot time driving; he could listen to them on the way to work.25 Hey, So how are things going with you and your new roommate, is she still really neat and organized about everything,Yeah, she is, I mean she's nothing like my last roommate, I guess it’s just going to get a l ittle while for me to get used to it.26 I was just about to go to the art exhibit, would you like to go over there with me?I made plans with Susan to go tomorrow afternoon27 You haven't seen my biology notes, have you, I’m almost positive I left them on my desk, now I can't find them.Mum, I don't think I have, did you try checking your book bag?28、This weather is unbelievable. I can't remember the last time we had such a warm winter, i sn’t it great?Not if you like to ski, it isn't.29、Joan, I’ m glad I reach Jew, I'm at a pay phone somewhere between Madison and Libratory S treet, and can you give me those directions again?Now Madison, just forget the way I told you before, do you have a pencil and paper?30、What do you make with the memo the dean sent out about later registrations.You know i couldn't make heads or tails of it myself.Part BHere is my script of part B to make 0208 LC complete, sorry for possible erorrs, and feel fr ee to perfect it.M: Is that a map? Are you going sailing or something?W: I wish. It’s a hurricane-tracking chart. It’s a map of tropical ocean areas southeast o f us. It follows the development of tropical storms, even hurricanes. They develop and move around the Atlantic in Caribbean and here on Florida coast. We got hit a lot by those in J uly or August, at least winds or rain.M: Do you think that the tropical storm is on the way?W: Too early to tell, but we need to be prepared. The radio mentioned possible evacuation ro utes.M: Really? It’s that serious?W: You better believe it. Late summer is hurricane season. The television updates locations and speeds every hour.M: What did they say is out there now?W: A couple of tropical depressions, two storms and two hurricanes.M: What’s the difference?W: Wind velocity. A depression is least serious actually, and a hurricane is the most seriou s.M: How serious are the winds in hurricanes?W: They have sustained winds of 74 mph and up.M: What are the names on the map? David, Arlene, Francisco, and Gina.W: You know weather forecasters give the hurricanes the names of people to make storms easy to identify.M: I wonder what the status of the storm is now.W: You shall turn on the television, and it has the best coverage. There is an up-date comin g up in five minutes.Q31. What is the conversation mainly about?Q32. How is one tropical weather system distinguished from the other?Q33. How do weather forecasters identify hurricanes?Q34. What are the man and woman going to do next?M: So, what is your biology project about?W: It is about microorganisms that… microorganisms that live by Chemosynthesis.M: Ehm…what’s Chemosynthesis?W: Well, it’s pretty complicated. You know how most life on Earth depends either directly o r indirectly on sunlight?M: You mean like plants get energy directly from sunlight, and animals eat plants, so they depend indirectly on sunlight?W: Right. But down on the ocean floor, there is no sunlight. In some places though, there ar e hydrothermal vents, which are small cracks on the sea floor. And these vents release heat and minerals from the inside of the Earth into the seawater. And all along the vents there are these unusual microorganisms. They are called archaean. And these archaean use chemica l reactions to get their energy from the minerals, the minerals that are released by the ven ts. So their energy comes from chemical reactions, not sunlight.M: So chemosynthesis is getting their energy from chemicals?W: That is right.M: That makes archaean very different from other forms of life.W: And their genetic makeup is very different too. They are one sort of organisms just like bacteria are, but genetically they are as different from bacteria as we humans are.M: Waa, that’s a really interesting project.Q35. What is the woman’s project mainly about?Q36. According to the woman, where are the hydrothermal vents found?Q37. What does the woman imply about archaean?Q38. Besides their source of energy, what is major difference between archaean and bacteria? Part CHere is my contribution to this site. I am poor at typing. Sorry for possible errors due to my typing or understanding.Passage one Q39-42It is common knowledge that music can have a powerful effect on our emotions. In fact, since 1930s, music therapists have relied on music to soothe patients and help control pain. No w psychologists are confirming that music can also help relieve depression and improve conce ntration. For instance, in a recent study, 15 surgeons were given some highly stressed math problems to solve. They were divided into three groups: one worked in silence, and in anot her, the surgeons listened to music of their choice on headphones; the third listened to cla ssic music chosen by the researchers. The results of the study may surprise you. The doctors who got to choose their music experienced less stress and scored better than the others. O ne possible explanation is that listening to music you like stimulates the Alfa-wave in the brain, increases the heart rate and expands the breathing. That helps to reduce stress and sharpen concentration. Other research suggests a second relation between the music and the brain: by examining the students’ blood after they listening to a variety of classic mus ic collections, the researchers found that some students showed a large increase in endorphin, a natural pain reliever, this supports what music therapists have known for years: Music can help rejuvenate or soothe the patient.39. What is the talk mainly about?40. According to the speaker how is the music therapy currently used in medicine?41. What did the study done with surgeons show?42. In the study of students exposed to classic music, what effect did the music have?43-46 art historyOne important thing about art movements is that their popularity can be affected by social conditions, which are themselves often affected by historical events. As an example, look at what happened in the United States early in the 20th century, around the time of the gr eat depression, the art movement known as the Regionalism had begun in the United States eve n before the depression occurred. But it really flourished in the 1930s, during the depressi on years. Why? Well, many artists who had been living in big cities were forced by the econo mic crisis to leave those big cities and move back to their small towns in rural America. So me of these artists came to truly embrace the life in small towns and to eject city life i n so called “sophisticated society”. These artists or specifically certain painters really b uilt regionalist movement. They created things in every day life in small towns or farming a reas. And their style was not all-neutral, really big glorified or romanticized country lif e, showing it stable, wholesome, and embodying important American traditions. And this styl e became very popular, in part because of the economic conditions of the time. You see, the Depression had caused many Americans to begin to doubt their society. But regionalism arti sts painted scenes that glorified American values, scenes that many Americans could easily i dentify with. So the movement helped strengthen people’s faith in their country, faith tha t had weakened as the result of the depression. But in the 1940s, before and after the Seco nd World War, American culture began to take on a much more international spirit, and Region alism, with its focus on small town life, well, it lost a lot of popularity, as American soc iety changed once again.43. What is the lecture mainly about?44. What does the professors say about the artists in the United States during the Great Dep ression?45. What kind of scene might be shown in a typical regionalist painting?46. According to the professor, what happened in the USA in the 1940s around the time of WWII that affected the popularity of the regionalist art?47-50 GeologyHallo, everybody, I am here, because I visited caves all over North America. Since you are g oing to study cave formations, Dr. Bow asked me to come and share some of my experiences wit h you. In additional to describing some of the technical aspects of the caves, I would conve y the sense of adventure that cavers share. Recently, I visited the La Chagire cave in New M exico, my dream has always been to discover a new passage way. I had a chance here, becaus e La Chagire is so large that discoveries are frequently made there. The cave itself was no t even discovered until 1986. However, people in that area had figured that there must be a cave nearby, because of the strong wind that blew from behind the huge rock that covered the entrance. Enormous amounts of air enter and exit the cave in order to maintain balance of the pressure with the side air. When I climbed into the cave, I had to fight 45 mile per hour winds. After all that effort, I had to be extremely careful maintaining my energy lev el. People who are tired tend to be careless, and may be more concerned about getting out o f the cave than taking care of it. There are formations in LaChagire that look like ocean wa ves, Christmas trees and other stuff no one has ever seen before. Caves are normally create d by carbonic acid that trickles down from above, but this cave sculpted out by very powerfu l sulfuric acid that wells up from below.Q47. Why was the lecturer especially excited about visiting La Chagire cave?Q48. What did the speaker say about the entrance into the cave?Q49. What did the speaker say about the cavers who get tired?Q50. What makes the formation of La Chagire so unus。
2000年08月托福考试语法真题_真题-无答案
2000年08月托福考试语法真题(总分40,考试时间120分钟)1. The gray scale, a progressive series of shades ranging from black to white, is used in computer graphics _____ detail to graphical images.A. addedB. to addC. are addedD. and add2. By _____ **petition from an industry, governments have often created public service monopolies.A. they adopt lawsB. laws are adoptedC. adopting lawsD. having laws adopt3. _____ skeleton of an insect is on the outside of its body.A. ItsB. That theC. There is aD. The4. Lenses, _____, are used to correct imperfection in eyesight.A. are the forms of glasses and contact lensesB. in the form of glasses and contact lensesC. glasses and contact lenses which formD. glasses and contact lenses may be formed5. In eighteenth-century North American, printed engravings provided____ rococo style.A. the most manifestation widespreadB. manifestation widespread the mostC. the widespread manifestation mostD. the most widespread manifestation6. In the Arctic tundra, ice fog may form under clear skies in winter, ____ coastal fogs or low stratus clouds **mon in summer.A. because ofB. whereasC. despiteD. that7. On attaining maximum size, ___ by drawing itself out and dividing into two daughter amoebas, each receiving identical nuclear materials.A. the reproduction of the amoebaB. the amoeba, which reproducesC. reproducing the amoebaD. the amoeba reproduced8. For the advertiser, one of the greatest appeals of radio is ____ an audience all day long.A. that it hasB. that to haveC. to have itD. having it9. Charles Schulz’s comic strip, “Peanuts,” features children who make ____ about life.A. funny, wise statement thatB. which funny, wise statementsC. statements are funny but wiseD. funny but wise statements10. One of the major rivers of the western United States, ____ flows for some 1,5000 miles from Colorado to northwestern Mexico.A. it is the Colorado RiverB. the Colorado River whichC. and the Colorado RiverD. the Colorado River11. In art, the tendency of gouache colors to lighten on drying makes ___ a wide range of pearly or paste-like effects.A. it is possibleB. possibleC. possible to beD. it possible the12. Isabel Bishop was one of many American artists ___ by the government during the Depression years on various federal art projects.A. employedB. whose employmentC. to employD. had been employed13. Outbreaks of diseases in **monly occur _____ stressed because of drought or other environmental factors.A. as forests that becomeB. in forests becomeC. that become forestsD. when forests become14. To break thick ice, an icebreaker boat moves fast enough to ride up on the ice, ____ under its weight.A. so then breaksB. when breaks itC. which then breaksD. for which then breaks15. Cholesterol is present in large quantities in the nervous system, where ____ compound of myelin.A. it aB. aC. beingD. it is a16. Painters of the early twentieth century who were known primarily for they colorful landscapes, the Group of Seven changed is name to the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933.17. Most animals have nervous systems, sense organs, and specialized modes of locomotion, and are capable of securing, ingesting, and to digest food.18. The cork oak tree has a layer of cork several inches thickness that can be stripped every ten years.19. Inflation, interest rates, and overall economic active can be governed by the United StatesFederal Reserve’s decision to adjust the supply of money tothe economy.20. Free radicals of oxygen, **mon by-products of metabolic processes in the body, are capable of causing tissue damage.21. By 1830 the glass industry in the United States had become too well established that the country no longer needed to depend on imported glass.22. Free land, cheaply transportation, and powerfully persuasive railroad advertising all helped flood the western part of the United States with farmersin the nineteenth century.23. Coral formations have known as fringing reefs are located close to shore, separated from land only by shallow water.24. For a seagoing, cargo-carrying sailing vessels, the clipper ship was remarkably fast.25. Visibly only through large telescopes, Pluto has a yellowish color, which indicates that there is very little atmosphere.26. Diamond is the hardest known substance, so diamonds can be cut only by another diamonds.27. The International Monetary Fund was created in a effort to stabilize exchange rates without interfering with the healthy growth of trade.28. Butterflies and moths **plete metamorphosis, them changing from caterpillar to adult via one intermediate stage, the pupa.29. Thousands of meteorite hit Earth each year, but most fall into the sea or in remote areas and are never recovered.30. Alaska become the forty-ninth state in 1959,and Hawaii became the fiftieth state lately that year.31. A sponge feeds itself by drawing water through tiny pores on its surface, filtering out food particles, and then expel the water through larger vents.32. Toward the end of his life, John Singer Sargent returned to the painting of landscapes and the use of watercolors, of which he excelled.33. Pythons differ than most other snakes by having two well developed lungs rather than a much smaller left lung or no left lung at all.34. Weighing among two to five kilograms in adults, the skin is the largest organ of the human body.35. Rodents dwell in various habitat, some species being aquatic, some terrestrial.36. The nectar of flowers are ingested by worker bees and converted to honey in special sacs in their digestive systems.37. Lucid dreaming, the ability dreamers to become aware of and to control their dreams while dreaming, is the focus of some current psychological research.38. The sensation of sound is produced how vibrations transmitted through the air strike the eardrum.39. The musical tone of an electric guitar is created not by the resonance of the body of the guitar but by electronically amplification.40. Considered one of the most beautiful of the fine art, ballet is a combination of dance and mime performed to music.。
托福TPO8听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO8听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO8听力Conversation1文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a registrar. Stu: Hi, I’d like to drop off my graduation form. I understand you need this in order to process my diploma. Pro: Ok, I’ll take that. Before you leave, let me check our computer. Ur, looks like you are OK for graduation, and actually, I am getting a warning flag on your academic record here. Stu: Really? Pro: Yeah. Let's see what’s what. OK. Are you familiar with our graduation requirements? Stu: Uh, I think so Pro: Well, then you know you need 48 credits in your major field to graduate and at least 24 credits at the intermediate level or higher. Also, after your second year, you have to meet with your department chair to outline a plan for the rest of your time here. In the past, we also issue letters before students’ final year began to let them know what they needed to take in the final year to be OK, but we don't do that anymore. Stu: I definitely met with my chairperson 2 years ago. He told me that I needed8 more courses at the intermediate level or higher in the last 2 years to be OK. SoI am not sure what the problem is. I make sure I got those credits. Pro: Unfortunately, the computer is usually pretty reliable. So I am not sure what’s going on here. Stu: It could be that I have taken 2 basic courses but coupled both of them with, uh, field experiences. Pro: What do you mean? Stu: Well, I could only take intro courses because there were no intermediate level courses available for those particular topics. My chair person told me that if I did independent field research in addition to the assigned work in each course, they would count as intermediate level courses. My classmates, um, some of myclassmates, did this for an easy way to meet their intermediate course requirement, but I did it to get the kind of depth in those topics I was going for. As it turned out I really enjoyed the field work. It was a nice supplement to just sitting and listening to lectures. Pro: I am sure that’s true, but the computer is still showing them as basic level courses despite the field work. Stu: I am not sure what to do then. I mean, should I cancel my graduation party? Pro: No, no reason to get worried like that. Just contact your chair person immediately, ok? Tell him to call me as soon as possible so that we can verify your field work arrangement and certify those credits right away. It’s not like there is an actual deadline to date or anything. But if more than a few weeks go by, we might have a real problem that would very difficult to fix in time for you to graduate. In fact, there probably would be nothing we could do. Stu: I will get on that. 托福TPO8听力Conversation1题目 Question 1 of 5 Why does the man go to see the registrar? A. To find out why he is not on the list of graduating students. B. To explain why he has not fulfilled his graduation requirements. C. To find out the exact requirements for graduation. D. To submit a document required for graduation. Question 2 of 5 According to the registrar,what step is currently taken to ensure that students fulfill their graduation requirements? A. Academic records are regularly checked by the registrar's office. B. Students meet with a department chairperson to plan their course work. C. Students receive letters listing the courses that they still need to take.。
TOEFL听力文本及答案
TOEFL听⼒⽂本及答案2000年5⽉TOEFL听⼒试题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) They don’t enjoy swimming.(B) They won’t go swimming in the lake today.(C) They don’t know how to swim.(D) They’ll swim in the lake tomorrow.2. (A) The style of sweater she’s wearin g is verycommon.(B) The man saw Jill wearing the sweater.(C) She wore the sweater for the first timeyesterday.(D) She usually doesn’t borrow clothes fromJill.3. (A) He went to see the dentist a week ago.(B) The woman should cancel her appointmentwith the dentist.(C) The woman’s toothache will go away byitself.(D) The woman should have seen the dentist bynow.4. (A) She’s planning a trip to Antarctica.(B) She thinks attending the lecture will behelpful to her.(C) Her geography class is required to attendthe lecture.(D)She has already finished writing her report.5. (A) The woman should join the chess club.(B) He’s not a very good chess player.(C) The woman needs a lot of time to playchess.(D) He’s willing to teach the woman how toplay chess.6. (A) Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.(B) Return the novel to Alice immediately.(C) Help the man find this own copy of thenovel.(D) Find out how much the novel costs.7. (A) He has already tasted the chocolatepudding.(B) Chocolate is his favorite flavor.(C) He doesn’t want any chocolate pudding(D) There is no more chocolate pudding left.8. (A) See the movie at a theater close by.(B) Wait until later to see the moive.(C) Consider seeing an English version of themovie.(D) Call the Pine Street Cinema to see whattime the movie starts. 9. (A) He doesn’t know how to find the student’s grade.(B) He doesn’t know if Dr. Wilson has finishedgrading the midterm exams.(C) He isn’t allowed to tell the student hergrade.(D) Dr. Wilson doesn’t want to be contactedwhile she’s away.10. (A) She had to wait even longer than the mandid to have her car inspected.(B)The man should have had his car inspectedsooner.(C)The auto inspection center will be closedat the end of the month.(D)The man doesn’t need to have his carinspected until next month.11. (A) He can act as a subject in the experiment.(B) He thinks the woman’s experiment isdifficult to understand.(C) He’s busy working on his own experment.(D) He’s willing to help the woman run theexperiment.12. (A) Look for the misplaced check.(B) Ask the bookstore for a refund.(C) Borrow some cash from the woman.(D) Repair his desk.13. (A) He hadn’t heard that Karen had a new roommate.(B) Karen wouldn’t give specific reasons for her feelings.(C) He thinks that Karen shouldn’t be angry.(D) Karen won’t be getting a new roommate after all.14. (A)The woman didn’t submit the thesis proposal to him on time.(B) He returned the thesis proposal to the woman a week ago.(C) He hasn’t read the thesis proposal yet.(D) The thes is proposal isn’t acceptable.15. (A) It only cost $400.(B) He bought it a year ago.(C) Write down the directions to the supermarket.(D) Check to see if the stew is ready.16. (A) Purchase some ingredients.(B) Give the man a recipe.(C) Write down the directions to the supermarket.(D) Check to see if the stew is ready.17. (A) He arrived at the theater late.(B) He left his watch in the theater.(C) The production seemed much shorter than it actually was.(D) He did not enjoy the production.18. (A) He can’t understand the instructions.(B) He doesn’t have a computer.(C) He has a degree in computer science.(D) He needs to take his computer to berepqired.19. (A) Arrange by phone to have a bucket delivered.(B) Deliver the papers herself.(C) Take her recycling to the town office.(D) Return the bucket to the recycling department.20. (A) She prefers her eggs fried.(B) She never eats breakfast.(C) She gets an allergic reaction when eating eggs.(D) She doesn’t eat a lot for breakfast.21.(A) He doesn’t know anything about engineering.(B) He wants the woman to postpone the talk.(C) He hasn’t finished preparing for his presentation.(D) He regularly gives talks to high school students.22. (A) He told the woman to take seven courses this semester.(B) He knew that the woman’s schedulewouldbe too difficult for her.(C) His current schedule is also very demanding.(D) Taking so many classes will enable the woman to graduate early.23. (A) He needs help repairing his truck.(B) He doesn’t want to use his truck for thefield trip.(C) The woman can use his truck if she agrees to drive.(D) He doesn’t think all the t elescopes will fitin his truck.24. (A) Dr. Luby won’t be taking students to New York this year.(B) She doesn’t know where the man can buy theater tickets.(C) Dr. Luby is performing in a play on Broadway.(D) She’s going on a thea ter trip with Dr. Luby. Elizabeth.25. (A) The woman’s source of information is reliable.(B) He didn’t enjoy taking history with Dr. Parker.(C) He thought Dr. Parker’s tests were easy.(D) Dr. Parker is no longer teaching history.26. (A) The man doesn’t have air-conditioning.(B)The man’s air conditioner is broken.(C) The man hasn’t been using his air conditioner.(D) The summer has been unusually hot.27. (A) He has decided how he’s going to spend the prize money.(B) He doesn’t know how much his rent is going to increase.(C) He’s already planning to enter next year’s essay contest.(D) He has already paid his landlord for next year’s rent.28. (A) He’ll probably postpone the test until after he talks(B) He usually tells the students ahead of time what will be on his tests.(C) He’ll probably talk about chapter 16 inclass today.(D) He might test the students on material not discussed in class29. (A) He has been applying only for advertisedjobs.(B) He’s conviced that there’s a shortage of jobs.(C) He doesn’t have time to read all the job ads.(D) He’ll help the woman find a job.30. (A) To make plans for the evening.(B) To ask her about the assignment.(C) To talk to her roommate.(D) To give her some information.31. (A) A class presentation they’re preparing.(B) A television program the man is watching.(C)Visiting a close fiend of theirs.(D) Studying for a test.32.(A) He’s taking a break from studying.(B) He has already finished studying.(C) He was assigned to watch a program byhis professor.(D) He’s finding out some information for a friend.33. (A) He didn’t know that she was enrolled in a linear algebra course.(B) He thought she preferred to study alone.(C) He thought she had made arrangements to study with(D) He had told her that he had done poorly ona recent test.34. (A) He and Elizabeth argued recently.(B) He heard Elizabeth did poorly on the last test.(C) He doesn’t want to bother Elizabeth solate in the evening.(D) He’d rather study in his own dormitory.35. (A) A more economical diesel fuel.(B) Characteristics of a new type of fuel.(C) Where a new energy source is located.(D) How to develop alternative energy sources.36. (A) He’s studying for a test.(B) He lost his notes.(C) He missed the class.(D) He’s doing research on alternative.37. (A) It will reduce the amount of pollutants in the air.(B) It will increase the amount of unpleasant odors from wehicles.(C) It will eventually destroy the ozone layer.(D) It will reduce the cost of running large vehicles.38. (A) It’s expensive to manufacture.(B) It’s hasn’t been adeq uately tested.(C) It damages car engines.(D) It’s dangerous to transport.39. (A) To help him explain the information to his roommate.(B) To help him write a paper.(C) To prepare for a test.(D) To tell her if the notes are accurate.40. (A) The life and times of an important modern poet.(B) How a poem’s images relate to its meaning.(C) The musical quality of modern poetry.(D) The poems of Gertrude Stein.41. (A) She’s the most famous of the modern poets.(B) She didn’t pu blish any of her works in her lifetime.(C) She was better known as a prose writerthan as a poet.(D) She began her career as a writer relatively late in her life.42. (A) It reflects poetic techniques that were rejected by modern poets.(B) It’s from a poem that the students have read.(C) It’s the title of a poem by John Ashbery.(D) It’s an example of a statement that is “empty” but pleasing to hear.43. (A) Read some poems out loud.(B) Research the life of Gertrude Stein.(C) Compare the poems of Gertrude Stein to the poems of John Ashbery.(D) Write a few lines of poetry.44. (A) Employment in the fishing and whaling industries.(B) Nineteenth-century sea captains.(C) The economic importance of sailing ships.(D) The development of the steamship.45. (A) They were protected by a strong United States Navy.(B) They were supported by a well-developed railroad(C) Most crew members had experience on foreign ships.(D) As part owners of the ships, captains got some of the profits.46. (A) They carried passengers ,but not cargo.(B) They were large, but surprisingly fast.(C) They were the first successfulsteam-powered ships.(D) They were more reliable than other shipsof the 1860’s.47. (A) It’s now taught with the aid of computers.(B) It isn’t considered as important today as it was in the past.(C) Children today learn it earlier than children did in the past.(D) A lot of times is spent teaching it.48. (A) To indicate the emphasis teachers onceplaced on penmanship.(B) To criticize a technique used to motivatechildren.(C) To illustrate the benefits of competition.(D) To suggest that teachers be recognized fortheir efforts.49. (A) How educators create a curriculum.(B) Why some parents object to the teachingof penmanship.(C) The standards for penmanship in statecurricula.(D) The effects of rewarding goodpenmanship.50. (A) The number of hours per week that mustbe spent teaching penmanship.(B) The level of penmanship a child isexpected to have.(C) The recommended method for teachingpenmanship.(D) The reason computers should be used tohelp in the teaching of penmanship答案：BBDBD ACACB DABCC BDAAD CBBDC CADBD DADCB CAACC CDACD BBACB童年时，家是⼀声呼唤。
2000年专八真题及答案详解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2000)-GRADE EIGHT-PAPER ONETIME LIMIT: 95 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [40 MIN.]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your Colored Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the talk.1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ___.A) the legislatureB) the librarianC) John HarvardD) the faculty members2. The earliest public library was also called a subscription library because books ___.A) could be lent to everyoneB) could be lent by book storesC) were lent to students and the facultyD) were lent on a membership basis3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free public libraries?A) To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms.B) To provide adults with opportunities of further education.C) To serve the community's cultural and recreational needs.D) To supply technical literature on specialized subjects.4. The major difference between modem private and public libraries lies in ___.A) readership B) contentC) service D) function5. The main purpose of the talk is ___.A) to introduce categories of books in US librariesB) to demonstrate the importance of US librariesC) to explain the roles of different US librariesD) to define the circulation system of US librariesSECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.6. Nancy became a taxi driver because ___.A) she owned a carB) she drove wellC) she liked drivers' uniformsD) it was her childhood dream7. According to her, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi dr iver?A) The right sense of direction.B) The sense of judgment.C) The skill of maneuvering.D) The size of vehicles.8. What does Nancy like best about her job?A) Seeing interesting buildings in the city.B) Being able to enjoy the world of nature.C) Driving in unsettled weather.D) Taking long drives outside the city.9. It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy in a (n) ___ mother.A) uncaringB) strict C) affectionateD) permissive10. The people Nancy meets areA) rather difficult to pleaseB) rude to women driversC) talkative and generous with tipsD) different in personalitySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news i tem, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.11. The primary purpose of the US anti-smoking legislation is ___.A) to tighten control on tobacco advertisingB) to impose penalties on tobacco companiesC) to start a national anti-smoking campaignD)to ensure the health of American childrenQuestions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.12. The French President's visit to Japan aims at ___.A) making more investments in JapanB) stimulating Japanese businesses in FranceC) helping boost the Japanese economyD) launching a film festival in Japan13. This is Jacques Chirac's ___ visit to Japan.A) second C) fortiethB) fourteenth D) forty-firstQuestions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.14. Afghan people are suffering from starvation because ___.A) melting snow begins to block the mountain pathsB) the Taliban have destroyed existing food stocksC) the Taliban are hindering food deliveriesD) an emergency air-lift of food was cancelled15. people in Afghanistan are facing starvation.A) 160,000B) 16,000 C) 1,000,000D) 100, 000SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.Part ⅡPROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.Part ⅢREADING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Colored Answer Sheet.TEXT ADespite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, "Denmark is a great country." You're supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities, and there is plenty of money f or schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs-there is no Danish Academy to defend against it -old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes," Fe w have too much and fewer have too little, "and a foreigner is struckby the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’s a nation of recyclers-about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new- and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers - a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. "So, of course, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigner s Out of Denmark! "), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a.m. a n d there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don' t think of themselves as a wainting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——that's how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn't feel bad f o r taking what you're entitled to, you're as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes itpossible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.A) boastfulB) modest C) deprecatingD) mysterious17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?A) Fondness of foreign culture.B) Equality in society.C) Linguistic tolerance.D) Persistent planning.18. The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is ___.A) disapprovingB) approvingC) noncommittalD) doubtful19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.A) sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB) spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC) is considered economically essential to the countryD) prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles20. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___.A) Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB) Danes take for granted what is given to themC) the open system helps to tide the country overD) orderliness has alleviated unemploymentTEXT BBut if language habits do not represent classes, a social stratification in to something as bygone as "aristocracy" and "commons", they do still of course serve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see in relation to political and national movements,language is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The new boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the fight words for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for no t being aware that racksy means "dilapidated", or hairy "out first ball". The miner takes a certain pride in being "one up on the visitor or novice who calls the cage a "lift" or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their "underpants" when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The "insider" is seldom displeased that his language distinguishes him from the "outsider".Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and professions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which mast of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invite irritation or downright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other kinds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation to the social aspects of language, it may well be suggested that English speakers fall into three categories: the assured, the anxious and the indifferent. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have "position" and "status", and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use of English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an unimpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely t o cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unselfconscious and easy flow which is often envied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speaking with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact. The Mrs. Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, and if we happened not to like the/r ways of saying things, well, we "can lump it ". That is their attitude. Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent t he speech of both these extreme parties with -in' for ing. On the one hand, "we're goin' huntin', my dear sir"; on the other, "we're goin' racin’, mate."In between, according to this view, we have a far less fortunate group, the anxious. These actively try to suppress what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and their choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up with the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, and clothes, but also in speech.And the misfortune of the "anxious" does not end with their inner anxiety. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the "assured" on one side of them and of the "indifferent" on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people thus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic high heels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent on" going places and doing things". The greater the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr. Sharpless called" this shabby obsession" with variant forms of English- especially if the net result is(as so often)merely to sound affected and ridiculous. “Here", according to Bacon, "is the first distemper of learning, when men study words and not matter …. It seems to me that Pygmalion’s frenzy is a good emblem …of this vanity: for words axe but the images of matter; and except they have life of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture."21. The attitude held by the assured towards language is ___.A) criticalB) anxious C) self-consciousD) nonchalant22. The anxious are considered a less fortunate group because ___.A) they feel they are socially looked down uponB) they suffer from internal anxiety and external attackC) they are inherently nervous and anxious peopleD) they are unable to meet standards of correctness23. The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate w hat they believe is good English are ___.A) worthwhileB) meaningless C) praiseworthyD) irrationalTEXT CFred Cooke of Salford turned 90 two days ago and the world has been beating a path to his door. If you haven't noticed, the backstreet boy educated at Blackpool grammar styles himself more grandly as Alastair Cooke, broadcaster extraordinaire. An honorable KBE, he would be Sir Alastair if he had not taken American citizenship more than half a century ago.If it sounds snobbish to draw attention to his humble origins, it should be reflected that the real snob is Cooke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguising them. But the fact that he opted to renounce his British passport in 1941 - just when his country needed all the wartime help it could get-is hardly a matter for congratulation.Cooke has made a fortune out of his love affair with America, entrancing listeners with a weekly monologue that has won Radio 4 many devoted adherents. Part of the pull is the developed drawl. This is the man who gave the world "midatlantic", the language of the disc jockey and public relations man.He sounds American to us and English to them, while in reality he has for decades belonged to neither. Cooke's world is an America that exists largely in the imagination. He took ages to acknowledge the disaster that was Vietnam and even longer to wake up to Watergate. His politics have drifted to the right with age, and most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities.He chased after stars on arrival in America, Fixing up an interview with Charlie Chaplin and briefly becoming his friend. He told Cooke he could turn him into a fine light comedian; instead he is an impressionist's dream.Cooke liked the sound of his first wife's name almost as much as he admired her good looks. But he found bringing up baby difficult and left her for the wife of his landlord. Women listeners were unimpressed when, in 1996, he declared on air that the fact that 4% of women in the American armed forces were raped showed remarkable self-restraint on the part of Uncle Sam's soldiers. His arrogance in not allowing BBC editors to see his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment. His defenders said he could not help living with the 1930s values he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite "gallantry" as chief among them. Cooke's raconteur style encouraged a whole generation of BBC men to think of themselves as more important than the story. His treacly tones were the mo del for the regular World Service reports From Our Own Correspondent, known as FOOCs in the business. They may yet be his epitaph.24. At the beginning of the passage the writer sounds critical of ___.A) Cooke's obscure originsB) Cooke's broadcasting styleC) Cooke's American citizenshipD) Cooke's fondness of America25. The following adjectives can be suitably applied to Cooke EXCEPT ___.A) old-fashionedB) sincere C) arrogantD) popular26. The writer comments on Cooke's life and career in a slightly ___ tone.A) ironicB) detached C) scathingD) indifferentTEXT DMr. Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end! The whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stomach. Not merely had she degraded herself, she had degraded him. His soul's companion! He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he had seen carrying cans and bottles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been unfit to live, without any strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits, one of the wrecks on which civilization has been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ever done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her hand touched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his nerves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the public house at Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There were five or six working-men in the shop discussing the value of a gentleman's e state in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr. Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing o r hearing them. After a while they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a tram was heard swishing along the lonely road outside.As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that s he had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He began to feel ill at ea se. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame? Now that s he was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night after night alone in that room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ceased to exist, became a memory-if anyone remembered him. 27. Mr. Duffy's immediate reaction to the report of the woman's death was that of ___.A) disgustB) guilt C) griefD) compassion28. It can be inferred from the passage that the reporter wrote about the woman's death in a ___ manner.A) detailedB) provocative C) discreetD) sensational29. We can infer from the last paragraph that Mr. Duffy was in a(n) ___ mood.A) angryB) fretful C) irritableD) remorseful30. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT t rue?A) Mr. Duffy once confided in the woman.B) Mr. Duffy felt an intense sense of shame.C) The woman wanted to end the relationship.D) They became estranged probably after a quarrel.SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ( 10 MIN)In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple -choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on the Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.31. In the passage Bill Gates mainly discusses ___.A) a person's opportunity of a lifetimeB) the success of the computer industryC) the importance of educationD) high school education in the USNow go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 31.Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about education. They want to know what to study, or whether it's OK to drop out of college since that's what I did.My basic advice is simple and heartfelt." Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn."It's true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out-and I'd love to have the time to go b a ck. As I've said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.The computer industry has lots of people who didn't finish college, but I 'm not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. I actually don't know any high school dropouts, let alone any successful ones.In my company's early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threatened to drop out of high school to work full-time. We told him no.Quite a few of our people didn't finish college, but we discourage dropping out.College isn't the only place where information exists. You can learn in a library. But somebody handing you a book doesn't automatically foster learning. Y o u want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way to test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book.Education should be broad, although it's fine to have deep interests, too.In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing soft ware, but for most of my high school years I had wide-ranging academic interests. My parents encouraged this, and I'm grateful that they did.One parent wrote me that her 15-year old son "lost himself in the hole of t he computer.”He got an A in Web site design, but other grades were sinking, she said.This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn broadly-math, history, various sciences-and to do projects with other kids that teach you firsthand about group dynamics. It's fine to take adeep interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it jeopardizes breadth.In college it's appropriate to think about specialization. Getting real expertise in an area of interest can lead to success. Graduate school is one way t o get specialized knowledge. Choosing a specialty isn't something high school students should worry about. They should worry about getting a strong academic start.There's not a perfect correlation between attitudes in high school and success in later life, of course. But it's a real mistake not to take the opportunity to learn a huge range of subjects, to learn to work with people in high school, and to get the grades that will help you get into a good college.TEXT FFirst read the following question.32. The passage focuses on ___.A) the history and future of LondonB) London’s manufacturing skillsC) London's status as a financial centrerD) the past and present roles of LondonNow go through Text F quickly and answer question 32.What is London for? To put the question another way, why was London, by 190 0, incomparably the largest city in the world, which it remained until the bombardments of the Luftwaffe? There could be many answers to this question, but any history of London will rehearse three broad explanations. One is the importance of its life as a port. When the Thames turned to ice in February 1855, 50,000 men were put out of work, and there were bread riots from those whose liveliboods had been frozen with the river. Today, the Thames could be frozen for a year with out endangering the livelihoods of any but a few pleasure-boatmen.The second major cause of London's wealth and success was that it was easily the biggest manufacturing centre in Europe. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Dutch looms and the stocking knitting frame were first pioneered in London. The vast range of London's manufacturing skills is another fact; almost any item you can name was manufactured in London during the days of its prosperity. In 1851, 13.75 percent of the manufacturing work-force of Great Britain was based in London. By 1961, this had dramatically reduced. By 1993, there were a mere 328,000 Londoners engaged in manufacturing. In other words, by our own time s, two of the chief reasons forLondon's very existence-its life as a pert and as a centre of manufacture-had dwindled out of existence.London's third great function, since the seventeenth century, has been that of national and international bourse: the exchange of stocks and shares, banking, commerce and, increasingly, insurance. Both In wood and Francis Sheppard, in London: A history, manage to make these potentially dry matters vivid to the general reader, and both authors assure us that "The City" in the financial sense is still as important as ever it was. Both, however, record the diminution of the City as an architectural and demographic entity, with the emptying of many city offices (since the advent of the computer much of the work can be done anywhere) and the removal of many distinctive landmarks. TEXT GFirst read the following question.33. The primary purpose of the passage is to ___.A) discuss the impact of the internetB) forecast the future roles of the bookstoreC) compare the publisher with the editorD) evaluate the limitations of the printed pageNow go through TEXT G quickly and answer question 33.Since the advent of television people have been prophesying the death of the book. Now the rise of the World Wide Web seems to have revived this smoldering controversy from the ashes. The very existence of paper copy has been brought into question once more. It might be the bookstore, rather than the book itself, that is on the brink of extinction. Many of you will have noted tom of bookseller websites popping up. They provide lists of books and let you read sample chapters, reviews from other customers and interviews with authors.What does all this mean? Browsing a virtual bookstore may not afford you the same dusty pleasure as browsing round a real shop, but as far as service, pr ice and convenience are concerned there is really no competition. This may change before long, as publishers' websites begin to offer direct access to new publications.Perhaps it is actually the publisher who is endangered by the relentless advance of the Internet. There are a remarkable number of sites republishing texts online——an extensive virtual library of materials that used to be handled primarily by publishing companies.。
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2000年8月托福听力文字答案man:do you have this style shirt in my size?woman:i’ll check.but...to tell u the truth,i think this one’s right for u.Q:what does the woman mean?2 man:oh,i’m sorry,i just realized that i forgot to bring the tape recorderyou lent me.i left it back in my dorm.woman:that’s all right.i won’t need it until tonight.as long as i’ve got itmy by then.Q:what does the woman imply?3 man:so how much was your plane ticket?woman:more than i could really afford.i had to dip into my saving.Q:what does the woman imply?4 woman:Wed. are going to be busy days for me next semester.three class in the morning and then two more in the afternoon. i won’t even have time for lunch.man:you relaly should try to fit it in,you know.those afternoon classes would be tough to sit through if u stomach’s rumbling.Q:what does the man suggest the woman do ?5 woman:you are dropping out of the Marching Band?but i thought you loved it.all the travelling,playing before big crowds..man:i do.but...with all that time away from my studies my grades are really starting to slip.Q:what does the man mean ?6 woman:i’m thinking of getting a new pantsuit to wear to James’ wedding. man:i just hope that my old suit still fits.you know how i feel about shopping.Q:what does the man imply?7 man:what’s my share of the bill?18.50?that can’t be right!i only had a salad for dinner.woman:don’t get excited.let me check them out.Q:what will woman probably do next?8 man:i’m surprised that Sarah told her boss he was wrong to have fired his secretary.woman:i know.but that Sarah...if she has an opinion,everyone’s got to know it.Q:what does the woman mean?9man: how about a movie tonight?that new comedy is opening in town. woman:sounds great,but i’ve got be finishing sketches on my psychology research paper.Q:what does the woman imply?10 woman:you won’t have to look very hard to find a job on campus.but idon’t think you’ll find anything that isn’t just part-time.man:that suits me.anything more than that,and i have to change my class schedule.Q:what does the man mean?11 man:do u think u feel energetic enough to walk to our study group session tnight?woman:if there is one! i guess u haven’t heard the weather reports.oever afoot of snow is expected.Q:what does the woman imply?12 man:oh!i turned all of my white sock pink! i threw a red T-shirt in by accident.woman:have u tried running them through again with bleah?Q:what does the woman suggest the man do?13 woman:i hear that your brother is planning to transfer to another univerisityman:not if i can talk him out of it.and believe me,i’m trying.Q:what does the man imply?14 woman:i’d like to enrollin the free seminar u advertised innewspaper.the one on managing your personal finances.man:okay.now the ad did say that u have to have a saving account at ourbank to be eligible.do u have one here?Q:what does the man want to know?15 woman:did see the weather forecast for this weekend?i can’t believe how the temperature’s going to dip.man:i know.that isn’t my idea what Oct. should be like.Q:what does the man mean?16 man:this exhibit is a total bore!i can’t believe they call this art.woman:i think i’ve seen enough.Q:what will the woman probably do next?17 woman:we should probably think about selecting someone to lead our study group.u know,somebody really organized.man:then u can count me out.Q:what does the man mean?18 woman:what do you think would be a reasonalbe price to pay for a new computer?man:you are asking the wrong person.my brother gave me mine.Q:what does the man imply?19 woman:tha’ts a nice-looking jactket.it fits u perfectly.i sit somethingu bought recently?man:thanks.no,i’ve had it a while.i’ve just been waiting for the weather to cool down.Q:what does the man imply?20 man:what’s wrong with Herald today?he snapped even no reason. woman:don’t worry,it’s just the end of the semester pressure.he’ll be hisold self next week.Q:what does the woman say about Herald?21 woman:i’m sorry.i need to work late tonight.so u should probably cancel our reservation at the restaurant.man:oh,actually i’ve never got round to making one in the first place.Q:what does the man mean?22 man:professor Johnson,for my sociology project this term i’m thinking of interviewing all the residents in town on their TV viewing habit.woman:well that’s quite an undertaking for such a short-term project. maybe you should to take a little shile to think about what that would entailbefore making your final decision.Q:what does the woman suggest the man do?23 man:how do i look in this new sweater i bought yesterday?i was in a hurry,so iddn’t have a chance to try it on.woman:well,i really like the style.but it looks a little tight.you mightwant to take it back and get the next size up.Q:what does the woman suggest the man do ?24 man:do you have any idea what it’ll cost to send this little package to Australia?woman:you’ve got me!the farthest i’ve ever sent a package is Canada.Q:wat does the woman mean?25 man:this isn’t the dish i ordered,but i’m glad i got it.it’s delicious. woman:as far as i’m concerned, the waiter should still hear about it. Question 36 through 39;man:let’s say you are geologist,and u want to investigatethe geological histroy of a place.that is,how did geologists determine thingslike...say ..how were the rocks formed? or was an area once under water?if so,when?how should u about it?woman:i’d start with stratigraphy.man:could u explain what this is to the class?woman:well,stratigraphy is the description of strata in sedimentary rock.i guess that’s not so clear,hu h?ok,let’s say one of the investigators thought near a river,for example.well, over the history of the area,every time theriver flooded,it would deposit a layer of sediment all through with flooded,it would deposit a layer of sediment all through withfloodplain.sometimes a bigger layer,sometimes a smaller,depending on the size of the flood. well, one layer or stratum gets deposited overanother.obviously these strata built up over millions of years.Stratigraphy is the study of these layers of deposited settlement.man:so does that mean if i exmaine each of these strata,i can tell how long ago each one is deposited?woman:not necessarily.u see,there might’ve been some years when the river didn’t flood and no settlement was deposited.you need other kinds of evidence to tell how much time might’ve gone by between when one layer gotdeposited and one on top of it got deposited.man:and what are those other kinds of evidence u are talking about? woman:well,fossils for one.u can determine exactly how old a fossil is and that’s how u can tell how the rock surrounding it is.man:very good.the discovery of that particular technique is an interesting story.it was a man named William Smith who first used fossils for the purpose of dating strata back in the 1800s.let’s take a look at how he went about making this geological breakthrough.36 what is the discussionmainly about?37 what does the woman explain when she talks about rivers?38 according to the discussion,why are geologists unable to determine the geological age of an area by studying sediment deposit alone?39 what will the class paobably discuss next?Question 40 through 43;Recently some anthropologist conducated an interesting case study in ehnology. now ethnology as u reacall is a branch of anthropology that deal with how various cultrues develped change. the study was about the development of basket weaving by African-american women who live in the town of Mount Pleasant,South Carolina.the town is known for its high quality sweet grass baskets which are woven bye these women.they’ve been weaving the baskets for generations,handing down the skiss from mother to daughter. some of the baskets have been place on permanent display at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.the origin of their basket weaing dates back to the 17th century and even earlier when these women’s ancestors came to the United States from the west coast of Africa. Now,it’s mainly a hobby.but back in the 17th and 18th century African and American women wove the baskets for use on hte rice plantations.there were two types of backets then:workbaskets and baskets for use in the home. the wrokbaskets were made out of the more delicate sweet grass.they were used for everything fromfruit baskets to baby cradles.40 what is the talk mainly about?41 how did the women mentioned in the talk learn to wave basket?42 according to the speaker,what type of baskets was make out of bulrush?43 what is the main reason taht the women in South Carolina now weave baskets?Questions 44 through 46:this morning i want to tell u about a recent scientific discovery dealingwith the relation between plants and animals.this is about a desert shrub whose leaves can shoot up a stream of poisonous resin a distance of six feet.do you think it would be safe from all attacks by insects.but a recent study has found one insect,a beetle,that can chew its way past the plant’s defense system by cutting the mainly vein that delivers the poison to the leaves.this vein cutting is jut one method the beetles used to prepare asafe meal.another is by cutting a path all the way across the leave to holdthe flow of chemicals.then they simply eat between the veins of poison.inthe past,scienists who studied inset adaptation to plant defenses have focused on chemical responses.that is,how the insects can neutrala or alterthe poisonous substances plants produce.what’s unique about this chewing strategy is that the beetle is actually exhibiting a behavior response tothe plant’s defenses rather than the more commom chemical response. it is only after a beetle’s survived weveral encounters with the plant’ resinthat it learns how to avoid the poison:by chewing through the resin transporting veins on the next leaf it eats.and thus gives itself ameal.however,it can take a bettle an hours an a half of careful veincutting to prepare a small leaf that takes it only a few minutes toeat.so,though the method is effective,it’s not very efficient.41 what is the talk mainly about?42 what is unusual about the desert plant?43 how can the beetles avoid being poisoned by the plant?Questions 47 through 50:we’re going to start our discussion of poetry in Western Europe with theIliad and the Odyssey.these two great poems stand out as great examples of the earliest Euopean poems.they are believeed to have been written sometime between 800BC and 700BC,partly because the poems refer to the social conditions of that time,conditions that have been validated by the findingsof archeologists.but just who was the poet who laid down these cornerstones of western literature?well,tradition ascribles them to a man namedHomer,but we know virtually nothing about this Homer.In fact,some say that such a poet never existed at all,that neither the Iliad nor the Odyssey was written by a single poet,but rather each poem is composed of the writingsof several people.this,anyway,is the view of a school of literary criticsin the 18th century known as the Analysts. the Analysts pointed to internal evidence such as variations in the literary devices used in the poem toargue that each work waaas in fact a collection of sereral poems by several Greek authors.Opposing the ananlysts were a second group of scholars called the Unitarian. they insisted that the Iliad and the Odyssey could have beenthe wrok of single poetic genius.To support their argument,they stressamong other things the consistency of the character portrayed in thepoetry.this wouldn’t’ve been possilbe,they said,if they were written bymany different poets.now how we look at the Homeric question today has been greatly influenced by someone named Milman Parry,an American scholar who first presented his ideas about Homer in the 1930s. so let’s take a look at Parry’s research and how it affects what modern day scholars think about Homer.47 what aspect of the Iliad and the Odyssey does the professor mainly discuss?48 according to the professor,what is one of the claims made by the analysts?49 According to the Unitarians,what is one type of evidence that a single poet could have written both the Iliad and the Odyssey?50 What will the professor probably talk about。