从《老人与海》分析海明威的写作特色

The analysis of Hemingway'swriting characteristicsfrom The Old Man and the Sea 从《老人与海》分析海明威的写作特色The analysis of Hemingway's writing characteristicsfrom The Old Man and the SeaThe Old Man and the Sea was created in 1950. It is the main representative work of Hemingway, and it‟s also the summary and art exploration of Hemingway's life and thought. Owing to this work, he won the 1954 Nobel Prize in literature. The hero of the novel is a Cuban fisherman named Santigo, whose life is non-wealthy. He has gone eight-four days without catching a fish. On the eight-five day, he sets out to the sea again. After an enormous struggle, he catches a big marlin. But when he returns to port, the marlin was destroyed by sharks. At the end of the story, the old man is alone in his shack, has nothing but a fish skeleton. This novel creates a character of iron man represented by Santiago.1、Language featuresThe iron man spirit of Hemingway is in keeping with his writing style, which have distinctive personal characteristics——concise and lively. He gives up the irrelevant material, flatulent writing technique, emotional abuse, poor description. The outstanding impression he gives us is: language personality of the characters is distinct, it can fully reflect the persevering personality of the hero. Hemingway is one of the most distinctive writing master in the use of language. He creates a new style of writing at that time, his simple and powerful writing style, a variety of excellent use of modern techniques, bring a "cultural revolution" in America literature. Many European and American writers were influenced by him clearly.“He no longer dreamed of storms,nor of women, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, no rcontests of strength, nor of his wife. He only dreamed of places now and of the lions.......He Was shivering with the morning cold. But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing” (Hemingway 8) From the word structure, the author uses prefix “un” to stand for the opposite meaning, such as “unroll”,so the readers can understand the meaning easily. In addition to the prefix “un”, the suffix “less” are also used to represent the opposite meaning commonly. From the sentence structure, the author always uses simple sentence. This sentence structure is not complicated, the writing style of Hemingway is straightforward. The author repeats "no longer dreamed of" seven times, it can bring out the author‟s enthusiastic pursuit to “the lion”. The author leaves his ideal with “the lion”. Due to the spiritual force produced by the dream of the lion, the old man wakes up, the author uses three simple sentences to describe a series of actions of the old man. As if the readers can see the old man faces the challenge in high mood.“ …I wish I had the boy‟ the old man said aloud”(Hemingway 16)“ …I wish the boy was here,‟ he said aloud.......”(Hemingway 18)“Aloud he said, …I wish I had the boy.‟ ”(Hemingway 19)It is the old man‟s inner voice when he has the difficult that he fights against the marlin. And that is the subjunctive, which gives readers huge imaginary space. The kid is the old man‟s the spiritual support. It gives great courage and endless power after he calls, as he likes the kid as much as the lions.“I have no understanding of it and I am not sure that I believe in it. Perhaps it was a sin to kill the fish. I suppose it was even though I did it to keep me alive and feed many people. But then everything.......You were born to be a fisherman as the fish was born to be a fish” (Hemingway 40)I n this part, the author uses “free direct speech”, it‟s more direct than “direct speech”.It is one of the main method of describing the characters‟ psychology of modern novel. The readers can understand the characters' psychological activities directly. The distance between the readers and characters is shortened.2、SymbolismIn this work, Santiago is an old man who has been through the vicissitudes of life. He is thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his black neck. The sarcom as the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea is on his face. He drinks water and eats tuna when he is thirsty and hungry. When he gets tired, he just sleep on the deck. He is flesh and bone and a real old man. However Hemingway gives him, the ordinary old man who looks like living real life, a kind of epic strong will and fighting spirit. He makes the old fish man of Cuba become a noble character symbol that the people change the world may have.“E verything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated”(Hemingway 2)T he “blue eyes” shows Santiago‟s courage of never yield to misfortune, it‟s a symbol of an indestructible perseverance.Sharks represent all destructive forces mainly, it‟s the symbol of predator, disaster, and all the evil forces that prevent people to achieve the ideal state. For the strong and fierce shark, the author describes in this way:“But that was the location of the brain and the old man hit it. H e hit it with his blood mushed hands driving a good harpoon with all his strength. He hit it without hope but with resolution and c omplete malignancy”(Hemingway 39)However, in the face of sharks that destroies the big marlin cruelly, the old man Santiago feels like himself get to attack. This segment shows the fight between man and nature vividly. The reader can feel the great nature of human beings, and the iron man spirit of the hero.The most important indication of the novel is “the group of lions”. Sandiego dreams the lions many times. It represents the vigorous life and youth, it‟s the strong yearning to the power. Every time after dreaming about “the group of lions” added the infinite spiritual power to the old man. The lions is a symbol of the sympathy for the weakers , hating evil, creating the miracle and also overcoming all kinds of evils among the group with unity and friendship.Santiago fights against sharks with on armed hands that reflects individual model of the lions, which is high generalization and distillation of tough guys that Hemingway writes. This is a mark that is the development of Hemingway‟s thought and Hemingway‟s ideal and hope of human. The end of the novel says “the old man is dreaming about the lions”(Hemingway 49), which is full of moral of the echo and embodiment of ideal of Hemingway‟s life and morality. That is the warrior spiritthat is never yield to fate and indomitable and a positive attitude in life. Although he only tow a skeleton, he is always a winner in spirit.Bibliography：[1]Hemingway. Selected Works of Ernest Hemingway [M]. Shanghai: WorldPublishing Corporation.2013,1[2]Patricia Dunlavy Valenti. Understanding The Old Man and the Sea [M]. Beijing:China Renmin University Press.2007[3][美]海明威．老人与海[M]．吴劳译．上海：译文出版社．2004．[4][美]海明威．老人与海[M]．王志东译．北京：京华出版社，2006．。