2018年石景山高三一模试题及答案
北京市石景山区2018届高三英语一模试卷 含解析
北京市石景山区2018年高考英语一模试卷(解析版)一、听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话你将听一遍．1．What does the woman's son want to be？A．A scientist．B．A violinist．C．A lawyer．2．What kind of place are the speakers probably talking about？A．A football field．B．An office building．C．A concert hall．3．What time is Jack supposed to arrive？A．At 7：30．B．At 8：00．C．At 8：15．4．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Teacher and student．B．Doctor and patient．C．Worker and customer．5．How does the woman usually go shopping？A．On foot．B．By car．C．By bus．二、（共4小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题．听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白你将听两遍．6．（3分）听第6段材料，回答第6至7题．6．Why doesn't the woman want to go to the movies？A．She has to review her lessons．B．She has seen the movie before．C．She doesn't want to see that movie．7．Why does the woman feel nervous？A．She doesn't study hard．B．She needs to get better prepared．C．This exam will be very difficult for her．8．（3分）听第7段材料，回答第8至9题．8．What's the relationship between the two speakers？A．Strangers．B．Classmates．C．Teachers and students．9．How long does the woman have to wait for the bus？A.40minutes．B.30minutes．C.20minutes．10．（4.5分）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．Why has the man made his decision？A．He really likes that area in Yunnan Province．B．He is tired of his school life in the city．C．He needs to make a lot of money．11．How long has the man lived in the city？A．Over three years．B．Over ten years．C．Over twenty years．12．What advice does the woman give the man？A．Do that job after graduation．B．Write a letter to the children．C．Let his parents make the decision．13．（4.5分）听第9段材料，回答第13至15题．13．Which of the following old sayings was the most popular among listeners？A．God helps those who help themselves．B．Where there is a will，there is a way．C．Actions speak louder than words．14．What does the old saying"Rob Peter to pay Paul"mean？A．Asking Paul to rob Peter．B．Helping somebody by robbing others．C．Borrowing money to pay back a debt．15．Where is the saying"Tell me who walks with you，and I'll tell you who you are"from？A．The UK．B．France．C．Brazil．三、（共1小题；每小题l.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词．听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间．这段对话你将听两遍．16．（7.5分）Lucy's Trip InfoDestination ParisDeparture time At 6：30on next （16）afternoonHow to get to the airport By （17）How long to get to Paris About（18）hoursWho to stay with （19）Brown，（20）of Thomas四、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）21．（1分）Although Johnson is a foreigner，he lives in harmony ______ his neighbors．（）A．from B．with C．for D．on22．（1分）Crowds of people saw the film MERMAID______ by Chow Sing﹣Chi on the Lunar New Year's Day．（）A．directing B．to directC．directed D．to be directed23．（1分）﹣I called you this morning，but you were not in．﹣Oh，I ______ in the library．（）A．am reading B．was reading C．have read D．had read24．（1分）The man ______ face was sunburnt saved the girl from falling into the river．（）A．who B．whose C．that D．where25．（1分）The students were queuing at the door of the hospital，______ to see their teacher．（）A．waiting B．waited C．to wait D．wait26．（1分）Children were running and laughing in the garden ______ an angry old man yelled at them for waking him up．（）A．when B．since C．once D．because27．（1分）Tom was warned ______ oily food after operation．（）A．not to eat B．not eating C．not eat D．not eaten28．（1分）In the past several weeks，many cities in Southern China ______ severe cold．（）A．had experienced B．would experienceC．have been experiencing D．experienced29．（1分）I thought it rather strange that Tom ______ not tell where he lived．（）A．might B．need C．must D．could30．（1分）It took the shy girl some courage to express ______ she really thought about in public．（）A．which B．that C．what D．how31．（1分）Andrew ______ the task within two months．But he didn't，so he was fired．（）A．finished B．must finishC．should have finished D．would have finished32．（1分）Henry hopes to find a job upon graduation ______ his management skills can be put to good use．（）A．that B．which C．how D．where33．（1分）Though suffering from a deadly disease，Steve loses ______ of his hope for recovery．（）A．nothing B．all C．neither D．none34．（1分）Hold on!I'm sure the hard work you do at present ______ in the near future．（）A．will be repaid B．is repaidC．to be repaid D．would be repaid35．（1分）Take a hat with you ______ the sun is very hot．（）A．before B．in case C．so that D．though五、完形填空（共1小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．36．（30分）Two CandlesTom was a middle﹣aged leather trader whose repeated failure in career made him a depressed man，often （36）that he had been cheated by others．One day he told his wife he was so （37）with the city that he had to leave．So his family moved to another city．It was the evening of a weekend．When Tom and his wife were busily （38）up their new home，the light （39）went out．They had to stop work．Tom was regretful to have forgotten to bring along candles and had to wait（40）in a low mood．Just then he heard slight，hesitant （41）on his door that sounded clear in the （42）night．"Who's it？"he wondered，since Tom was a （43）to this city．And this was the moment he especially hated to be （44），so he went to the door and opened it （45）．At the door was a little girl，shyly asking，"Sir，do you have candles？I'm your neighbor．""No，"answered Tom in anger and shut the door （46）．"What a nuisance （讨厌鬼）!"He complained over it with his wife．"No sooner had we settled down than the neighbor came to （47）things．"After a while，the door was knocked again．He opened it and found the same girl outside．（48）this time she was （49）two candles，saying，"My grandma told me the new neighbor downstairs might need candles．She （50）me here to give you these．"Tom was very （51）by what he saw．When he became fully aware，he said，"Thank you and your grandmother．God bless you!"At that moment he suddenly realized what caused his （52）in life．It was his（53）and harshness （刻薄）with other people．The person who had cheated him in life was （54）nobody else but himself，for his life had been darkened by his unsympathetic （55）．36．A．complaining B．telling C．hoping D．pretending 37．A．inspired B disappointed C．embarrassed D．impressed 38．A．building B．turning C．coming D．tidying 39．A．horribly B．accidentally C．suddenly D．slowly 40．A．anxiously B．doubtfully C．hopefully D．helplessly 41．A．steps B．words C．knocks D．noises 42．A．dark B．quiet C．cold D．sleepless 43．A．newcomer B．traveller C．guest D．settler 44．A．called B．disturbed C．watched D．offered 45．A．surprisingly B．delightedly C．impatiently D．willingly 46．A．gently B．kindly C．politely D．violently 47．A．lend B．sell C．fetch D．borrow 48．A．And B．But C．So D．For 49．A．holding B．hiding C．blowing D．lighting 50．A．advised B．encouraged C．sent D．forced 51．A．frightened B．pleased C．puzzled D．Surprised 52．A．failure B．dissatisfaction C．complaint D．determination 53．A．responsibility B．coldness C．apology D．concept 54．A．doubtfully B．hardly C．actually D．finally 55．A．mind B．opinion C．behavior D．look六、阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共4小题；每小题8分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．56．（8分）Start Small and Grow BigJack Ma，Founder and Chairman of e﹣commerce（电子商务）giant Alibaba Group Holding Ltd．，is one of those self﹣made billionaires in the technology field．His rags﹣to﹣riches journey is just as spectacular as his Internet Empire．Jack Ma，whose Chinese name is Ma Yun，was born in a normal family in 1964．Like most Chinese parents back then，Ma's father beat him growing up．He was poor at math but loved English．Starting at age 12，he awoke at 5a．m．to walk or bicycle to Hangzhou's main hotels so he could practice his English with foreign tourists．He did this for nine years and acted as a free tour guide to many，befriended several and later visited one family in Australia．Those experiences opened his eyes．After twice failing the national college entrance exams，Ma entered what he called"Hangzhou's worst college．"Graduating in 1988，Ma married his college sweetheart and taught English at alocal college for five years，earning 15a month．During that time，he also applied for jobs at a local KFC，a hotel and the city police，and failed to land．Determined to enter business，Ma set up a translation company，but he still had to peddle goods on the street to get by．During a short trip to the US as an interpreter in 1995，Ma first experienced the Internet．He believed in the Internet's business potential when few other people did．In 1999，with the help of more than a dozen friends who pooled their resources﹣just 60，000﹣he started Alibaba in his Hangzhou apartment．At that time，e﹣commerce was unheard of in China．"I called myself a blind man riding on the back of blind tigers，"he once said，according to The Guardian．His unusual ideas earned him the nickname"Crazy Jack Ma"．Since its foundation，Alibaba has grown from 15employees to more than 30，000．The company floated on the New York Stock Market in September 2018for 25billion﹣the largest public offering in history．The company now makes more profit than rivals Amazon．com and e﹣Bay combined．Alibaba has directly and indirectly created 40million jobs for China．Ma hopes to keep expanding Alibaba outside of China （the company is already big in Russia and Brazil）and is aiming for 2billion consumers and 10million small businesses to use the company abroad．Ma's lifestyle is very simple and modest．Ma enjoys meditation（冥想）in the mountains，playing poker with friends and writing his own kung fu novels．Forest Gump is Jack Ma's hero．"Forest Gump never gives up and believes in what he is doing，"said Ma．He also quoted the phrase"Life is like a box of chocolates because you never know what you're going to get．" 56．What made him into e﹣commerce industry？A．His English learning experience．B．His foresight and ambitions．C．His simple and modest lifestyle．D．His friends and 60，000funds．57．The underlined sentence in Para.4 means that．A．Ma had no confidence in his business futureB．Ma was a blind man riding on a blind tigerC．Ma had not enough money at that timeD．Ma knew little about e﹣commerce58．What's the personality of Ma Yun according to the passage？A．Funny and competitive．B．Determined and creative．C．Friendly and kind．D．Stubborn and crazy．59．The passage is mainly about．A．the development of Alibaba GroupB．Jack Ma's personal lifeC．the journey of Jack Ma's successD．Jack Ma's work experience．60．（6分）Military Grade Flashlight Available to PublicIt seems like every day you turn on the news the world's about to end．Lately，Americans have had enough，and are searching for better ways to protect themselves and their families against rising crime．Their solution？Military grade tactical flashlights．Powerful technology used by law enforcement to blind and disorient bad guys，Americans are now gearing up and buying their own．The G700Tactical Flashlight is currently the most popular tactical flashlight of choice for most American's due to its powerfully disorienting"strobe mode"that allows the user to flash a blinding light into the attackers eyes，leaving them"disoriented beyond belief．"How effective are tactical flashlights，really？If you've ever had someone take a picture of you at night with the flash on，you'll know how it takes a minute or two for your eyes to re﹣adjust．Now imagine that flash is 100x brighter and is strobing directly into your eyes．You wouldn't be able to see a thing，and would most likely lose your sense of balance．That's what you get with a tactical flashlight like the G700Tactical Flashlight．The strobe feature is designed to ruin an attacker's eye sight，so they can't see what they're doing，letting you safely run away﹣or if need be，gain the advantage and attack them．The truth is，most people underestimate the importance of owning a tactical flashlight．Whether you're walking alone at night，driving somewhere and break down，or just want a light bright enough to prevent animals while you're camping，tactical flashlights are so bright that they give you the advantage．Not to mention if you're in an emergency situation，what better way to call attention to yourself than with a powerful G700Tactical Flashlight that can be seen for up to 2miles away．These 200lights are currently selling for 75% off their normal price!So it's a good time to get them at a discounted price．If you want to make sure you and your loved ones are always prepared for the worst，this flashlight is a great start．It has our vote so much that we made sure everyone on our staff had at least 4．Obtain even more information concerning G700 Military Grade Flashlight at：http://tacticalmilitaryflashlight．com60．The G700Tactical Flashlight helps you．A．protect yourself against crimeB．blind and attack bad guysC．walk alone at night freelyD．protect animals while camping61．The underlined phrase"disoriented beyond belief"in para.4probably means．A．disappointedB．dizzyC．unconfidentD．annoyed62．This advertisement is made more persuasive mainly by．A．using recommendationsB．providing reasonsC．offering statisticsD．making comparisons．63．（8分）No Grammar ErrorsI prefer Lynne Truss's words：I am a grammar"sticker"．And，like Truss﹣author of Eats，shoots Leaves﹣I have a"zero tolerance"approach to grammar mistakes that make people look stupid．Now，Truss and I disagree on what it means to have"zero tolerance"．She thinks that people who mix up basic grammar"deserve to be struck by lightning，and buried in an unmarked grave"，while I just think they deserve to be passed over for a job﹣even if they are otherwise qualified for the position．Everyone who applies for a position at either of my companies，iFixit or Dozuki，takes a compulsory grammar test．If they can't distinguish between"to"and"too"，their applications go into the bin．Of course，we write for a living．iFixit．com is the world's largest online repair manual （指南），and Dozuki helps companies write their own technical documentation（证明文件），like work instructions and step﹣by﹣step user manuals．So，it makes sense that we've made a strong strike against grammar errors．But grammar is relevant for all companies．Yes，language is constantly changing，but that doesn't make grammar unimportant．Good grammar is credibility，especially on the Internet．And，for better or worse，people judge you if you can't tell the difference between"their""there"and"they're"．Good grammar makes good business sense﹣and not just when it comes to hiring writers．Writing isn't in the official job description of most people in our office．Still，we give our grammar test to everybody，including our salespeople，our operations staff，and our programmers．Grammar signifies more than just a person's ability to remember high school English．I've found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something completely unrelated to writing．Applicants who don't think writing is important are likely to think lots of other things also aren't important．63．The author agrees with Lynne Truss in that．A．grammar mistakes can't be toleratedB．books on grammar make people stupidC．people need to learn basic grammarD．grammar mistakes are unavoidable64．What's the author's attitude towards the job seekers who mix up basic grammar？A．They aren't qualified for their jobs．B．They must be severely punished．C．They should be left out for a job．D．They have to correct their mistakes．65．Which of the following is TRUE of iFixit and Dozuki？A．Grammar is quite important for their existence．B．They are companies where one learns grammar．C．They depend on grammar correction for a living．D．Only one of them has a compulsory grammar test．66．What can we learn from the passage？A．"Zero tolerance"approach to grammar errors seems unfair．B．Grammar becomes unimportant as language is constantly changing．C．Companies giving grammar tests may have no good business sense．D．People who attach importance to grammar may pay attention to other things．67．（8分）They may have text，email，Facebook and Twitter，but young people are still lonelier than any other age group．The Loneliness in New Zealand Report，published by Statistics New Zealand，shows under 30s are more likely to feel lonely than older people because loneliness decreases with age．Loneliness and poor mental health were strongly related across all ages．Young people were not as likely to feel lonely because of financial hardship，but among older people，lack of money was a significant influence on loneliness．Women were more likely to feel lonely than men．Philip Walker，spokesman for the General Social Survey，said because it was relatively new it was hard to know whether loneliness among young people was a new trend．But overseas research has found that levels of loneliness in youth today are growing．Mr．Walker said the finding needed more exploration，including looking at the role of technology and social media．"It could be that people's expectations of connection have gone up，so we expect increased levels of connection，"he said．"While technology like cell phones could help young people stay connected，on the other hand for those who do get bullied（欺辱），especially bullied online，it's quite isolating．A lot of the time potentially it is a big contributor to loneliness．" Figures from online dating website FindSomeone also confirmed more young people were looking for love．Manager Rick Davies，said younger dating hopefuls were the fastest growing group on the site．Mr．Davies noted that since the report data was collected in 2018there had been huge growth in smart phones，which meant people were online even more．He believed online tools，such as Skype，could help people stay connected．"People can keep in touch with a wide range of friends from all over the world much more easily now．It's like you're sitting in your living room having a chat with them．"Bemardine Reid，operations committee chairwoman for Samaritans，which operates a free helpline，said many of their calls came from people who were lonely．"It might be that they've got some problem，just like all the things people would normally talk to a friend about，but people who are alone lack those normal contacts．"The Statistics New Zealand report also showed people who didn't have face﹣to﹣face contact with family and friends were more likely to feel lonely，as were those who lived alone．67．Which of the following may Mr．Walker agree with？A．High technology may become a reason for loneliness．B．People shouldn't use the Internet to get to know strangers．C．It's hard for people to get enough connection online as expected．D．Social media should play an important role in helping lonely people．68．It can be inferred from the passage that．A．FindSomeone is a website where you can find old friendsB．without technology，young people would not feel lonelyC．high technology results in the older being lonelyD．those cheated or hurt online tend to feel lonely69．From the last two paragraphs，we can conclude that．A．Internet can keep people free from lonelinessB．people chatting a lot online tend to be optimisticC．people living alone tend to have more connection onlineD．people communicating less in the real world risk loneliness70．What is the best title of the passage？A．Loneliness Around YouB．Young People OnlineC．Young but LonelyD．E﹣times and Young People．七、（共1小题；每小题10分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．71．（10分）Pressure and PleasureThe town of Pressure and the town of Pleasure were neighbors but had nothing in common．（71）In Pressure，everyone struggled to be the very best．When women gave birth，they would compete to have the baby with the loudest cry．（72）Because wealth was the index（指数）of success，people were always busy making money，with no time for relaxation．Some young people couldn't bear the intensity（紧张）and resorted to drink or drugs to escape．（73）People grew up without pressure and could do anything they liked．Children played computer games day and night．At school，teachers didn't care whether students showed up or not．Workers might sit around the office all day long sipping coffee and doing nothing．Thanks to the lack of regulation，nobody worried about losing their jobs．（74）No one had the slightest thought of moving forward，either for themselves or for the town．The computers they used were old models from Pressure．Some of the young in both were addicted to drugs because of the emptiness of their lives．Then，people in the two towns began asking themselves，"What is life for？"But，just before life in the two towns completely failed，there came a saint﹣Mr．Reason．He went from door to door，talking with people and giving advice．People in Pressure learnt to be content with what they had，while people in Pleasure began to make plans．（75）The townspeople came to realize the truth﹣there is no space between Pressure and Pleasure if don't go to extremes．A．It was pleasure that mattered．B．There was violent competition in every aspect of life．C．Citizens built walls to keep out influence from the other town．D．Success was not significantly affected by the size of the pressure sore．E．Meanwhile，in Pleasure，the motto was"as long as you like it，do it．"F．Although they got as much pleasure as possible，they didn't have a better life．G．They pulled down the walls between them and built a road to connect the two．八、书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）76．（15分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的美国朋友Jim想了解你校学生课外阅读情况．请你回一封邮件，内容包括：1．你校学生课外阅读现状；2．你的看法．注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．提示词：课外阅读extracurricular readingDear Jim，Yours，Li Hua．77．（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你上周五放学回家后，第一次为家人做饭的过程，并以"My First Cooking"为题，给校刊"英语角"写一篇英文稿件．注意：词数不少于60．提示词：家常菜homelydishes2018年北京市石景山区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话你将听一遍．1．（2018•石景山区一模）What does the woman's son want to be？A．A scientist．B．A violinist．C．A lawyer．【考点】信息词选择．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略2．（2018•石景山区一模）What kind of place are the speakers probably talking about？A．A football field．B．An office building．C．A concert hall．【考点】信息词选择．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略3．（2018•石景山区一模）What time is Jack supposed to arrive？A．At 7：30．B．At 8：00．C．At 8：15．【考点】信息词选择．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略4．（2018•石景山区一模）What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Teacher and student．B．Doctor and patient．C．Worker and customer．【考点】信息词选择．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略5．（2018•石景山区一模）How does the woman usually go shopping？A．On foot．B．By car．C．By bus．【考点】信息词选择．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略二、（共4小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题．听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白你将听两遍．6．听第6段材料，回答第6至7题．6．Why doesn't the woman want to go to the movies？A．She has to review her lessons．B．She has seen the movie before．C．She doesn't want to see that movie．7．Why does the woman feel nervous？A．She doesn't study hard．B．She needs to get better prepared．C．This exam will be very difficult for her．【考点】信息词选择．【分析】略【解答】AB【点评】略8．听第7段材料，回答第8至9题．8．What's the relationship between the two speakers？A．Strangers．B．Classmates．C．Teachers and students．9．How long does the woman have to wait for the bus？A.40minutes．B.30minutes．C.20minutes．【考点】信息词选择．【分析】略【解答】AC【点评】略10．（4.5分）（2018•石景山区一模）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．Why has the man made his decision？A．He really likes that area in Yunnan Province．B．He is tired of his school life in the city．C．He needs to make a lot of money．11．How long has the man lived in the city？A．Over three years．B．Over ten years．C．Over twenty years．12．What advice does the woman give the man？A．Do that job after graduation．B．Write a letter to the children．C．Let his parents make the decision．【考点】信息词选择．【分析】略【解答】B CA【点评】略13．（4.5分）（2018•石景山区一模）听第9段材料，回答第13至15题．13．Which of the following old sayings was the most popular among listeners？A．God helps those who help themselves．B．Where there is a will，there is a way．C．Actions speak louder than words．14．What does the old saying"Rob Peter to pay Paul"mean？A．Asking Paul to rob Peter．B．Helping somebody by robbing others．C．Borrowing money to pay back a debt．15．Where is the saying"Tell me who walks with you，and I'll tell you who you are"from？A．The UK．B．France．C．Brazil．【考点】信息词选择．【分析】略【解答】BCC【点评】略三、（共1小题；每小题l.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词．听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间．这段对话你将听两遍．16．（7.5分）（2018•石景山区一模）Lucy's Trip InfoDestination ParisDeparture time At 6：30on next （16）Saturday afternoonHow to get to the airport By （17）subwayHow long to get to Paris About（18）eleven/11hoursWho to stay with （19）Catherine Brown，（20）sister of Thomas【考点】信息词选择．【分析】略【解答】16．Saturday 17．subway 18．eleven/11 19．Catherine 20．sister 【点评】略四、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）21．Although Johnson is a foreigner，he lives in harmony ______ his neighbors．（）A．from B．with C．for D．on【考点】范围介词．【分析】虽然Johnson 是一个外国人，但是他能和他的邻居们和睦相处．【解答】答案B．A项"来自，从；"；C项"为，为了"；D项"向，朝…；关于；在…之上"；B项"用；随着；支持；和…在一起"；固定短语"in harmony with"意为"协调一致，协调，和谐"，根据句子间的逻辑关系可知，两个分句是转折关系，虽然Johnson 是一个外国人，但是他能和他的邻居们和睦相处，因此B项符合语境，故选B．【点评】本题考查介词辨析．解答此类题目首先要读懂句意，理解每个选项介词的意思，然后根据上下文语境锁定合适的介词．平时要加强介词的积累．22．Crowds of people saw the film MERMAID______ by Chow Sing﹣Chi on the Lunar New Year's Day．（）A．directing B．to directC．directed D．to be directed【考点】过去分词．【分析】很多人在大年初一看了周星驰导演的电影《美人鱼》．【解答】答案C．分析句子结构可知，过去分词短语"directed by Chow Sing﹣Chi"作名词短语"the film MERMAID"的后置定语，可以理解为定语从句"the film MERMAID which/that was directed by Chow Sing﹣Chi"，名词"film"与动词"direct"存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此应该用过去分词，A项表主动，B和D项表示将来的动作，因而排除A项、B项和D项，故选C．【点评】本题考查非谓语动词用法．解答此类题目首先要读懂句意分析句子结构，判断分词在句中所作的成分，若分词与所修饰的名词是主动关系则用doing，被动关系用done，表将来用to do．23．﹣I called you this morning，but you were not in．﹣Oh，I ______ in the library．（）A．am reading B．was reading C．have read D．had read【考点】过去进行时．【分析】我今天上午打电话给你，但你不在家．哦，我当时在图书馆看书呢．【解答】答案：B 本题考查的是过去进行时态的用法．A现在进行时态；B过去进行时态；C现在完成时态；D过去完成时态．题干中上一句表示动作的时间发生在过去时间点（几天早上），不能与完成时态连用．故选B．【点评】过去进行时态表示过去某个时间正在发生的动作．解题时，要注意有时参照时间不是直接给出的，而是暗含在语境中．如本题，参照时间是：你上午给我打电话时．24．The man ______ face was sunburnt saved the girl from falling into the river．（）A．who B．whose C．that D．where【考点】关系代词；限制性定语从句．【分析】脸被晒黑的那个人救了掉进河里的小女孩．【解答】答案B．分析句子结构可知，主句为"The man saved the girl from falling into the river"，定语从句为"______ face was sunburnt"，从句中主语为"______ face"，空格处应该作名词"face"的定语，whose是关系词中唯一的一个可以放在名词前面做定语的关系代词，因此B项符合语境，也可理解成"of which the+名词/the+名词+of which"，即"of which the face 或the face+of which"，故选B．【点评】本题考查定语从句．解答此类题目首先要读懂句意分析成分，找出先行词和定语从句．然后分析定语从句中是否缺成分，如果缺少主宾表，要用关系代词（which、that、who、whose、whom、as），如果缺少状语，要用关系副词（where，when或why）；whose是关系词中唯一的一个可以放在名词前面做定语的关系代词，如果缺少定语，用whose引导定语从句，或是of which the+名词/the+名词+of which=whose+名词．25．The students were queuing at the door of the hospital，______ to see their teacher．（）A．waiting B．waited C．to wait D．wait。
高三物理2018石景山一模考试答案北京
2018石景山高三物理一模物理参考答案13—20单项选择题：（6分×8=48分）21．（18分）（1）（7分） ① 不需要（1分）；需要（1分）；不需要（1分）② 0.44（0.43-0.45）（2分）③ 未平衡摩擦力或平衡摩擦力不足（斜面倾角过小）（1分）小车质量的倒数（1分）（2）（11分） ①A 2（2分），R 2（2分）②25（2分）③U r I -（3分） ④相同（1分）；不同（1分）22．（16分）（1） 根据功和能的关系，有 20012eU m =v （2分）电子射入偏转电场的初速度0v =（2分） （2）在偏转电场中，电子的运动时间0L t v∆==2分） 电子在偏转电场中的加速度eUa md=（2分） 偏转距离2201()24UL y a t U d∆=∆=（2分）（3）电子离开偏转电场时沿垂直于极板方向的速度y LUv a t d=∆（2分） 电子离开偏转电场时速度的大小v ==（2分） 电子离开偏转电场时速度方向与偏转极板的夹角为θ，则0tan 2y v ULv U dθ==（2分） 23．（18分）解析：（1）根据牛顿第二定律F ma =（2分）运动学规律 2202t v v ax -=（2分）解得合外力做功 2201122t W Fx mv mv ==- 即动能定理（2分）W =Fx 表示物体所受合外力对物体所做的功，（1分）2201122t mv mv -表示该过程中物体动能的变化。
（1分）（2）铁锤打击石板时的速度1v =16m/s v =（1分） 铁锤反弹时的速度2v =21m/s v =（1分）在铁锤与石板的碰撞过程中，取竖直向上为正方向，对铁锤，由动量定理()()1121-F mg t mv mv =--（2分）解得13550N F =（1分） 对石板，由动量定理2211()0F Mg t F t --=（2分）解得2871N F =（1分）在铁锤与石板的碰撞过程中，铁锤对石板的作用力较大，超过了石板承受的限度，因而石板裂开。
石景山区2018届高三一模物理试题及答案
2018北京石景山高三一模物理13．关于光子和光电子，下列说法中正确的是A．光子就是光电子B．光电子是光电效应中吸收光子后飞离金属表面的电子C．真空中光子和光电子的速度都是光速cD．光电子和光子都带负电荷14．对于一定质量的气体，忽略分子间的相互作用力。
当气体温度降低时，下列说法中正确的是A．气体分子的平均动能减小B．气体的内能增加C．气体一定向外界放出热量D．气体一定对外界做功15．如图所示，一束可见光穿过平行玻璃砖后，分成a、b两束单色光，则下列说法中正确的是A．a光的波长小于b光的波长B．a光的频率大于b光的频率C．在该玻璃砖中，a光的传播速度比b光大D．在真空中，a光的传播速度比b光大16．双星是两颗相距较近的天体，在相互间万有引力的作用下，绕连线上某点做匀速圆周运动。
对于两颗质量不等的天体构成的双星，下列说法中正确的是A．质量较大的天体做匀速圆周运动的向心力较大B．质量较大的天体做匀速圆周运动的角速度较大C．两颗天体做匀速圆周运动的周期相等D．两颗天体做匀速圆周运动的线速度大小相等17．一列简谐横波在t=0时刻波的图像如图所示，其中a、b、c、d为介质中的四个质点，在该时刻A．质点a的加速度最小B．质点b的速度最小C．若质点c向上运动，则波沿x轴正方向传播D．若质点d向下运动，则波沿x轴正方向传播18．如图所示，在平面直角坐标系中，a 、b 、c 是等边三角形的三个顶点，三个顶点处分别放置三根互相平行的长直导线，导线中通有大小相等的恒定电流，方向垂直纸面向里。
对于顶点c 处的通电直导线所受安培力的方向，下列说法中正确的是 A ．沿y 轴正方向 B ．沿y 轴负方向 C ．沿x 轴正方向 D ．沿x 轴负方向19．两个电压表V 1和V 2是由完全相同的两个电流表改装而成的，V 1量程是5V ，V 2量程是15V 。
现把V 1和V 2串联起来测量15V ～20V 电压。
下列说法中正确的是 A ．V 1和V 2的示数相同 B ．V 1和V 2指针偏转的角度相同C ．V 1和V 2示数不同，指针偏转的角度也不同D ．V 1和V 2的示数与V 1和V 2的内阻成反比20．如图所示，直径为L 的光滑绝缘半圆环固定在竖直面内，电荷量为q 1、q 2的两个正点电荷分别置于半圆环的两个端点A 、B 处，半圆环上穿着一带正电的小球（可视为点电荷），小球静止时位于P 点，P A 与AB 间的夹角为α。
北京市石景山区2018届高三3月统一测试(一模)英语试卷(含答案)
2018届北京市石景山区高三3月统一测试（一模）英语试题第一卷第一部分知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. — How can I wake up so early?—Set the alarm at 5:00 am., you will make it.A. andB. butC. orD. so2. After class, the teacher couldn’t leave,by the students.A. surroundedB. to surroundC. was surroundedD. surrounding3. I keep the picture where I can see it every day, reminds me of the days in my hometown.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. when4. Self confidence is a kind of quality and that is it takes to do everything well.A. whyB. thatC. whatD. which5. ~Why do you drink so much coffee?~Well, it doesn’t keep me awake in the night, I see no harm in it.A. whenB. as long asC. as thoughD. while6. As is known, only hard leads to happiness.A. workB. worksC. workedD. working7. After college, he was employed in a middle school and there ever since.A. would workedB. had workedC. workedD. has worked8. It is reported the housing prices in some big cities fall in different degrees.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where9. ~Where was I?~You you didn’t like your job.A. had saidB. saidC. were sayingD. has said10. students English well, the teacher tries to speak English in class very often.A. TeachingB. TaughtC. To teachD. Teach11. If the traffic so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.A. hadn’t beenB. wasn’tC. couldn’t beD. hasn’t been12. We are living in an age most of things are done on cell phones.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. when13. She was such a proud person that she would die she would admit she was wrong.A. sinceB. whenC. unlessD. before14. The accident have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we don’t know for su re.A. mightB. shouldC. willD. must15. Star skater Wu Dajing won China’s first gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games breaking world record in short track men’s 500m.A. toB. byC. withD. in第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2018年北京市石景山高三语文一模试卷(附答案)
2018年石景山区高三一模语文试题及答案一、本大题共8小题，共24分。
阅读下面的材料，完成1～8题。
材料一中华武术博大精深，但是长期以来武术的概念却未能定性，我们或可从概念的变化中对其发展历史窥见一斑。
“武”的本义，泛指与武力、军事或技击有关的事物。
《礼记》上记载：“孟冬之月，天子乃命将帅讲武，习射御，角力。
”这里的“武”就是指习练射箭、驾御战车等战斗技能。
到了春秋早期，“武”与“文”相对应，专指军事活动。
《史记·孔子世家》记载，孔子摄相事，曰：“臣闻有文事者必有武备，有武事者必有文备。
古者诸侯出疆，必具官以从。
请具左右司马。
”到了春秋末年，受到诸子百家思想及伦理观念的影响，“武”被释义为“止戈为武”。
东汉许慎的《说文解字》记载：“夫武，定功戢兵。
故止戈为武。
”而实际上，“止戈为武”只能是一种理想的和谐状态，要想威慑敌人或制止敌人的武力，必先建立强大的军事武备基础。
“术”有道路、方法和技艺的含义。
《说文解字》载：“术，邑中道也。
”这里“术”的意思是道路。
苏轼《教战守》记载：“役民三司盗者，授以击刺之术。
”这里“术”的意思是方法和技艺。
“武”与“术”并联使用，最早见于南朝颜延之的《皇太子释奠会作》中的“偃闭武术，阐扬文令。
庶士倾风，万流仰镜。
”其中的“武术”与军事技击相关，与“射御”“角力”等词语意思相近。
汉代以后，与武术相关的“武艺”一词开始出现，并被广泛使用。
民国时期，武术曾一度被称之为“国术”，并成立了中央国术馆，以发扬中华武术。
新中国成立之后，与武艺有关的“打拳”“使棒”等技艺统称为“武术”，与武术相关的称谓还有“功夫”。
由“武术”一词的发展历史可知，武术的本质涵义在于技击性。
（取材于刘巧芳、牛炎涛、姚亚行等的相关文章）1．根据材料一，下列对武术的理解，不正确的一项是（3分）A．指习射箭、御战车等战斗技能。
B．与“文”相对，专指军事活动。
C．其本质是制止暴力，追求和谐。
D．“国术”“功夫”是武术的别称。
2018届北京市石景山区高三下学期一模考试地理试题(解析版)
北京市石景山区2018届高三3月统一测试（一模）文综地理试题注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题的答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
写在试卷上无效。
3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案填写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
4. 考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共35小题。
每小题4分，共140分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
“田家少闲月，五月人倍忙。
夜来南风起，覆陇黄。
妇姑荷箪食，童稚携壶浆，相随饷田去，丁壮在南冈”。
节选白居易任周至县县尉（今西安市西）时所写的一首诗。
据此回答下面小题。
1. 依据诗文，下列说法正确的是A. 该地为我国红壤主要分布区B. 正值小暑至大暑期间，盛行南风C. “”为该地粮食作物冬小麦D. 该月昼短夜长，每日劳作时间渐长2. 当地农田多分布在“南冈”，主要原因是A. 南冈气温低，蒸发弱，利于作物生长B. 南冈位于亚热带，作物受冻害威胁小C. 南冈为背风坡，焚风效应利于作物越冬D. 南冈为向阳坡，光热充足，利于作物生长【答案】1. C 2. D【解析】1. 诗句描写当时的西安，西安是温带季风气候，是黄土分布区；“”为该地粮食作物冬小麦；到了五月农民加倍的忙碌，夜里刮起南风，地里的小麦都成熟了；此时节值5月昼长夜短，每日劳作时间渐长；小暑至大暑期间是在7月不是5月。
选C正确。
2. 这里的南冈指的是当地南边的高地，位置在南朝阳、光热充足，利于作物生长，成为主要农田。
D正确。
下图为某种地理现象在全球的分布示意图。
读图，回答下面小题。
3. 该地理现象是A. 海啸B. 温带气旋C. 台风或飓风D. 石油泄漏4. 据图可知A. ④地位于两大板块消亡边界B. ⑤地比②地的昼长变化幅度大C. ③地因寒暖流交汇形成渔场D. ③地比①地的正午太阳高度大【答案】3. C 4. B【解析】本题考查自然灾害的分布及地理环境差异。
2018年北京市石景山区高三3月统一测试（一模）英语试题（解析版）
北京市石景山区2018届高三3月统一测试（一模）英语试题第一卷第一部分知识运用（试题版权：百强校英语解析团队专供）（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. — How can I wake up so early?—Set the alarm at 5:00 am., you will make it.A. andB. butC. orD. so【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查固定句型。
句意：我怎么能醒那么早呢？定五点的铃，就行了。
Set the alarm at 5:00 am. ________ you will make it.是祈使句+and/or+一般将来时态的句子。
And表顺承关系，or 表转折关系，句子是表顺承关系，所以选A考点: 考查固定句型2. After class, the teacher couldn’t leave,by the students.A. surroundedB. to surroundC. was surroundedD. surrounding【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语作状语。
句意：下课后，老师无法离开，因为被学生们围住了。
分析句子可知，本句是省略句。
主从句主语一致，从句的主语省略，而主语the teacher与动词surround二者是被动关系，be surrounded by…意为“被…..包围”。
故要用过去分词作状语，A符合题意。
3. I keep the picture where I can see it every day, reminds me of the days in my hometown.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. when【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。
句意：我把照片放在每天都能看到的地方，照片让我想起了家乡的日子。
北京市石景山区2018届高三3月统一测试语文试卷
2018年石景山区高三一模语文试题及答案一、本大题共8小题，共24分。
阅读下面的材料，完成1～8题。
材料一中华武术博大精深，但是长期以来武术的概念却未能定性，我们或可从概念的变化中对其发展历史窥见一斑。
“武”的本义，泛指与武力、军事或技击有关的事物。
《礼记》上记载：“孟冬之月，天子乃命将帅讲武，习射御，角力。
”这里的“武”就是指习练射箭、驾御战车等战斗技能。
到了春秋早期，“武”与“文”相对应，专指军事活动。
《史记·孔子世家》记载，孔子摄相事，曰：“臣闻有文事者必有武备，有武事者必有文备。
古者诸侯出疆，必具官以从。
请具左右司马。
”到了春秋末年，受到诸子百家思想及伦理观念的影响，“武”被释义为“止戈为武”。
东汉许慎的《说文解字》记载：“夫武，定功戢兵。
故止戈为武。
”而实际上，“止戈为武”只能是一种理想的和谐状态，要想威慑敌人或制止敌人的武力，必先建立强大的军事武备基础。
“术”有道路、方法和技艺的含义。
《说文解字》载：“术，邑中道也。
”这里“术”的意思是道路。
苏轼《教战守》记载：“役民三司盗者，授以击刺之术。
”这里“术”的意思是方法和技艺。
“武”与“术”并联使用，最早见于南朝颜延之的《皇太子释奠会作》中的“偃闭武术，阐扬文令。
庶士倾风，万流仰镜。
”其中的“武术”与军事技击相关，与“射御”“角力”等词语意思相近。
汉代以后，与武术相关的“武艺”一词开始出现，并被广泛使用。
民国时期，武术曾一度被称之为“国术”，并成立了中央国术馆，以发扬中华武术。
新中国成立之后，与武艺有关的“打拳”“使棒”等技艺统称为“武术”，与武术相关的称谓还有“功夫”。
由“武术”一词的发展历史可知，武术的本质涵义在于技击性。
（取材于刘巧芳、牛炎涛、姚亚行等的相关文章）1．根据材料一，下列对武术的理解，不正确的一项是（3分）A．指习射箭、御战车等战斗技能。
B．与“文”相对，专指军事活动。
C．其本质是制止暴力，追求和谐。
D．“国术”“功夫”是武术的别称。
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2018年石景山区高三一模语文试题及答案一、本大题共8小题，共24分。
阅读下面的材料，完成1～8题。
材料一中华武术博大精深，但是长期以来武术的概念却未能定性，我们或可从概念的变化中对其发展历史窥见一斑。
“武”的本义，泛指与武力、军事或技击有关的事物。
《礼记》上记载：“孟冬之月，天子乃命将帅讲武，习射御，角力。
”这里的“武”就是指习练射箭、驾御战车等战斗技能。
到了春秋早期，“武”与“文”相对应，专指军事活动。
《史记·孔子世家》记载，孔子摄相事，曰：“臣闻有文事者必有武备，有武事者必有文备。
古者诸侯出疆，必具官以从。
请具左右司马。
”到了春秋末年，受到诸子百家思想及伦理观念的影响，“武”被释义为“止戈为武”。
东汉许慎的《说文解字》记载：“夫武，定功戢兵。
故止戈为武。
”而实际上，“止戈为武”只能是一种理想的和谐状态，要想威慑敌人或制止敌人的武力，必先建立强大的军事武备基础。
“术”有道路、方法和技艺的含义。
《说文解字》载：“术，邑中道也。
”这里“术”的意思是道路。
苏轼《教战守》记载：“役民三司盗者，授以击刺之术。
”这里“术”的意思是方法和技艺。
“武”与“术”并联使用，最早见于南朝颜延之的《皇太子释奠会作》中的“偃闭武术，阐扬文令。
庶士倾风，万流仰镜。
”其中的“武术”与军事技击相关，与“射御”“角力”等词语意思相近。
汉代以后，与武术相关的“武艺”一词开始出现，并被广泛使用。
民国时期，武术曾一度被称之为“国术”，并成立了中央国术馆，以发扬中华武术。
新中国成立之后，与武艺有关的“打拳”“使棒”等技艺统称为“武术”，与武术相关的称谓还有“功夫”。
由“武术”一词的发展历史可知，武术的本质涵义在于技击性。
（取材于刘巧芳、牛炎涛、姚亚行等的相关文章）1．根据材料一，下列对武术的理解，不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．指习射箭、御战车等战斗技能。
B．与“文”相对，专指军事活动。
C．其本质是制止暴力，追求和谐。
D．“国术”“功夫”是武术的别称。
2．下列加点字的读音和解释，全都正确的一项是（）（3分）A．窥见一斑：“窥”读作kuì，意思是“看见”。
B．角力：“角”读作jiǎo，意思是“竞争”。
C．偃闭武术：“偃”读作yà，意思是“倒下”。
D．庶士倾风：“倾”读作qīng，意思是“向往”。
3．“武”是会意字，由“止”“戈”两部分组成，其本义与武力、军事或技击有关。
下面不全是会意字的一项是（2分）A．从囚B．近本C．明尖D．休淼材料二中华武术虽然是世界上诸多搏击术中的一种，但其本身已升华为一种艺术形式。
武术的招式名称最容易让人眼前一亮，体现着中华民族的含蓄与智慧。
武松醉打蒋门神用的是戳脚（一种北派拳术）中的“玉环步、鸳鸯脚”。
《水浒传》的读者可能没见过这招，但应该能想象出杨贵妃雍容华贵的行姿，也应该知道鸳鸯成双，随即能想到是双脚连环踢出的意思，于是这一招就通过短短六个字跃然纸上，栩栩如生。
武术套路是最富有艺术美感的。
杜甫的《观公孙大娘弟子舞剑器行并序》中描述的“舞剑器”这种舞武除具备技击含义外，本身就具有很高的审美价值。
演练者先放慢速度，凝如泰山，安若处子，外示安逸，又在电光石火之间，动若脱兔，舞出令人眼花缭乱的动作。
以慢来衬快，则快者更快；以快来衬慢，则慢者更慢。
这是一种对立统一，正如《道德经》中所说“有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相倾，音声相和，前后相随”，这也正是武术套路审美价值的奥秘所在。
武术套路除了能使欣赏者产生美的感受，也能使操练者的身心获得极大的愉悦感。
高水平的习武者在练习前，往往花一段时间凝神静气，当心神不受外界干扰时，才开始演练。
时间推移，招式频出，他也渐入佳境，注意力高度集中在演练的动作上，最终达到庄子所谓“指与物化而不以心稽”的物我两忘的境界。
武术作为中国传统文化的一朵奇葩，和其他传统文化的关系表现在融合性上。
在原始社会时期，武术就和舞蹈相结合产生了舞武；京剧将武术吸纳入表演，“唱念做打”中的“打”就是武术；“草圣”张旭在看了公孙大娘舞剑后悟出了草书的笔法；大画家吴道子请裴将军舞剑以助壮气……文学与武术的结合可谓天衣无缝。
一方面，武术本身所具有的艺术美感给予文学创作以题材和灵感，另一方面文学天马行空的想象给予武术以广阔的发展空间。
前文所提杜甫的《观公孙大娘弟子舞剑器行并序》是比较写实的武术文学，而司马迁的《史记·游侠列传》可以说是武侠小说的滥觞，后来的《水浒传》以及有清一代的侠义公案小说，再到以金庸、古龙的作品为代表的新派武侠小说，都为中国人编织着纷繁的武侠之梦。
（取材于陈俊炜、田洪森等的相关文章）4．根据材料二，下列对武术的艺术美的理解，不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．具有华贵感B．具有观赏性C．能愉悦身心D．能启发灵感5．对下列词语在材料二中意思的理解，不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．电光石火：形容舞武的演练者在危急情势下反应迅速。
B．奇葩：比喻武术是中国传统文化中一种奇特而美丽的事物。
C．天衣无缝：比喻文学与武术相互融合，相得益彰。
D．滥觞：意指《史记·游侠列传》是武侠小说的起源、发端。
6．根据材料一和材料二，下列诗句不能表现武术特点的一项是（）（2分）A．诚既勇兮又以武，终刚强兮不可凌。
（屈原《国殇》）B．控弦破左的，右发摧月支。
（曹植《白马篇》）C．剑舞跃游电，随风萦且回。
（颜真卿《裴将军诗》）D．马作的卢飞快，弓如霹雳弦惊。
（辛弃疾《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》）材料三武术十分重视武德，素有“习武先习德”的说法。
武德的形成是传统儒家思想和古代社会道德标准共同演绎的结果，习武者要先具备武术道德修养，才能练习武术。
在武术文化传承的各个历史时期，各武术流派都有其独特的武德标准和行为规范，以约束习武者的行为。
除暴安良、尊师重道、见义勇为等武德已传承至今。
武术受到了传统哲学文化多方面的影响。
以太极拳为例，太极拳动作缓慢，注重内在修为，其最大特征就是以柔克刚，这即是在道家道法自然的思想基础上发展而来的。
太极拳功法要求“以意领气”“以气运身”，即习练太极拳功法时要先用意，再行气，而后身体动。
在习练功法时注重季节、时辰的选择，习武者针对经络运行选择相应的时辰，练习相应的功法。
这种天人合一的思想正是练习太极拳的核心思想。
天人合一的哲学思想在武术理论中将习武者的外在运动和内在修为统一为一个整体，习武者不但要外练筋骨，还要运气通脉增加内功修为，外练一定要以内练作为基础，否则就会外强中干。
阴阳理论对武术的影响同样深远，阴阳学说论述了拳术练习过程中动作的相互转换，极大地丰富了武术拳理。
如身体重心的虚实相互转换、动静相互结合、双掌前后正反相互转变等，这些都是阴阳学说在拳术中的具体体现。
为保护我国传统武术，2006年，国务院批准将少林功夫、武当武术、太极拳、沧州武术列入我国第一批非物质文化遗产名录。
目前，已有32种武术被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
受西方思想影响，现代武术的发展更加注重体现其自身的体育属性。
例如，武术被列为北京奥运会的表演赛事，此外很多地方还定期举办武术比赛。
尽管发展武术的体育属性可以提高武术的知名度，增加武术的商业性，但也很容易导致文化空巢现象，即传统文化只保留了物质内容，而文化思想观念的传播出现断层。
如果不注重武术文化的发展，武术终将成为体操式的竞技运动项目。
（取材于邱长文、原敏芳等的相关文章）7．下列现象不能体现材料三所述武术文化内涵的一项是（）（2分）A．武术对练开始前和结束后须行“拳礼”，表示谦虚礼让。
B．为抵御外来侵略，霍元甲于1910年在上海创办“精武体育会”。
C．八卦掌取意于《易经》，把八卦掌法的无穷变化看成是有规律的。
D．融入了传统武术元素的短片《功守道》在天猫“双11”晚会亮相。
8．作为传统文化的重要组成部分，中华武术需要我们加强理解与传承。
今后对中华武术我们应该传承什么？在传承中需要注意什么？请根据上述三则材料加以概括。
（6分）二、本大题共6小题，共25分。
阅读下面的文言文，完成9～14题。
义騟【1】传【宋】岳珂义騟者，九江戍校王成之铠骑也。
开禧间，成以卒从戎四方山，屡战有功，稍迁将候骑。
成徇地至花靥，见病騟焉，疥而瘠，骨如堵墙，步且僵，莫适为主，絷而得之。
会罢兵归，饲以丰秣，几半年，肤革仅完，毛耏【2】复生。
日置之槽枥，整整然与群马不相顾，时一出系庑下，顾景嘶鸣，若自庆其有所遇，成亦未始异之。
一日，有告马病，从成请騟往。
始命鞍，踶鸣人立不可制，易十数健卒，莫能孰何。
乃以归之成，成曰：“安有是！”呼常驭羸卒持鞚来，则帖耳训服如平时，骋控缓亟无少忤者。
自是惟成乘则受之，他人则弗受，军中咸指为驽悍。
嘉定庚午，峒寇李元砺盗弄潢池，统府调兵三千人以往，成与行。
崎岖山泽，夷若方轨。
至月余，寇来犯，成出搏斗四五合，危败之矣，或以钩出其腋及鞬而坠死焉。
官军亟鸣钲，騟屹立不去，踯躅徘徊，悲鸣尸侧。
贼将顾曰：“良马也。
”取之。
元砺有弟，适见之，色动曰：“我欲之。
”遂试之，蹴踘进退，折旋良惬，即不胜喜，贮以上厩，煮豆粟，用金玉为铠，群渠皆酾酒来贺。
卒有为贼掠取者，知之，曰：“騟他日未当若是，彼畜也而亦畏贼耶！”窃怪之。
后旬余，复犯永新栅，官军闻有寇至，披鹿角出迎击。
鼓声始殷，果乘騟以来，騟识我军旗帜，亟驰。
贼觉有异，大呼勒挽不止，则怒以铁槊击之，胯尽伤。
騟不复顾，冒阵以入，军士识之者曰：“此王校之騟也，是异服者必其酋。
”相与逐之，执以下，讯而得其实，则缚以徇于军，曰：“得元砺之弟矣。
”噪而进，贼军大骇，军士勇跃争奋，遂败之。
朝廷方患其跳梁，闻而嘉之，第赏有差。
众耻其功之出于马也，没騟之事，騟之义遂不闻于时。
居二日，騟归病伤，不秣而死。
孔子曰：“骥不称其力，称其德也。
”今视騟之事，信然！夫不苟受以为正，报施以为仁，巽以用其权，而决以致其功，又卒不失其义以死，非德其孰能称之也。
彼仰秣而恋豆，历跨下而不知耻，因人而成事者，虽有奔尘绝景之技，才不胜德，媲之驽骀【3】，何足算乎！（取材于《桯史》）注释：【1】騟（yú）：紫色马。
【2】耏（ér）：动物体毛。
【3】骀（tái）：劣马。
9．下列对句中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．肤革仅完仅：将近B．顾景嘶鸣景：景色C．则缚以徇于军徇：巡行示众D．巽以用其权巽：同“逊”，卑顺10．下列各组语句中加点词的意义和用法，相同的一项是（）（3分）A．九江戍校王成之铠骑也彼畜也而亦畏贼耶B．疥而瘠历跨下而不知耻C．用金玉为铠夫不苟受以为正D．讯而得其实非德其孰能称之也11．下列对文中语句的理解，不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．骋控缓亟无少忤者（马）进退快慢（都听从驾驭）没有一点违背B．夷若方轨平稳得就像走在平坦的大道上一样C．卒有为贼掠取者终于有被贼寇掠走的人D．朝廷方患其跳梁朝廷正为贼寇猖狂肆虐而担忧12．将下面的句子译为现代汉语。