一篇托福阅读词量是多少
托福阅读算分对照表

托福之后,托福的阅读到底应该如何算分?一直是很多托福考生所关心的,因为到底如何算分儿,直接决定了分数的高低。
托福的算分体系,和其他考试的算分体系不是特别一致,分为原始分Raw Point和实际得分Scaled Score(ETS官方称之为分数量表)。
托福阅读实际得分满分是30分,但是原来题目数,三篇文章一共是42道题,如果每个题是1分的话,再加上最后一个题是2分,那么很显然总分应该是45分才对,但是实际上总分是30分。
这就涉及到了一个实际分数,到底如何换算的问题?新托福阅读分数对照表:托福官方其实给了一个换算表,在这份换算表当中,各位托友都可以发现,它的原始分和实际得分并不是匀速变化的。
在最初全对和哪怕仅仅错1个题的时候,其实还是有30分。
接下来错2个,3个,4个题的时候,其实都是得29分。
也就是在最初的时候,ETS对于错题数的容忍度比较高,错一个题给你满分,接下来哪怕你做4个,其实也是有29分的。
下面的以此类推,错5个和6个都是得28分,错7个和8个都是得27分,错9个和10个都是得26分,但是接下来的扣分就接近于匀速了,每错1个扣1分,再错1个再扣1分。
直到最后,当错题原始分Raw Point达到30分的时候,实际得分就已经变成了0分。
接下来不管再错多少题,也还都是0分。
换句话说,阅读的算分机制,其实是按照错题数来计算,会比较好计算。
而且当我们看到最后的时候,也会发现,不管你做对了4个题,还是做对8个题1或者做对9个题,其实还都是0分,但是你想一想,做对4个题和做对9个题,其实差别还是挺大的。
但是不管怎样,托福是按照错题数来进行扣分的,而托福官方宣布的是,分数量表Scaled Score是没有改变的。
因此相应的,是总分没有改变,但是在这个里面最有趣的就是,这里面的分数量表所对应的原始分Raw Point其实是发生了改变的,因为你题目数变化,题目数减少了,必然会导致原始分Raw Point 有变化。
托福阅读考试题目解释说明

托福阅读考试题目解释说明很多考生平时做托福阅读无非是为了应付考试,想在考试中取得一个好成绩。
但其实很多人并不了解托福阅读文章,这直接导致了练习了标但却忽略了本。
在机械的练习之前应该先深入了解一下这些问题,下面我们从不同的角度来详细介绍一下托福阅读考试内容及形式。
托福阅读考试题目解释说明1、托福阅读考试内容详细介绍:阅读3篇文章750个单词本部分包括3篇文章,每篇文章650至750个单词,对应11至13道试题。
题目类型包括:图表题、篇章总结题(从给出的选项中选择能够概括文章内容的句子)、变换措辞、词汇题(在一定的上下文中)、指代关系题、简化句子题、插入文本题,事实信息题、推断题、修辞目的题、以及否定排除题(例如,下列各项均正确除……之外。
)在完成33-39个试题的过程中,考生可以使用"复查"功能瞬间找出没有回答的题目,而不必每道题都过一遍。
除了篇章应用题之外,每道题的分值都是1分,应用题每题的分值可能是2分,3分,或4分。
阅读部分的时间约为60分钟。
注意,每个考生都会被分配一个考前试题,可能阅读题,也可能是听力题。
但是事先无法确定考前试题的具体形式。
考生会获得额外的时间来完成考前试题。
阅读部分的总分是42-45点,分数范围是0-25。
2、你真的了解托福阅读考试么?在做托福阅读前,我们首先要解决两个大问题--第一,托福阅读是什么;第二,托福阅读有什么。
对于托福是什么这个问题,根据ETS官方给出的解释,托福阅读试题考察的是学生对于学术性文章的阅读理解能力。
大白话来说,就是既然你要考托福出国留学,他们要考察的就是你有没有这个能力去国外学习,去国外了有没有能力读懂要学的内容。
所以,托福阅读中只是在考察准确、迅速把握关键信息的能力,而不会出现一些具体的学科知识。
而托福阅读文章体裁通常是三种--说明文,议论文和史实文。
每次考试会有三到四篇篇幅在700字左右的文章(四篇是碰到了阅读加试的情况),每篇会有13到14道题,而时长是60到80分钟。
toefl ibt词汇 2.0

toefl ibt词汇2.0
托福ibt 词汇 2.0 指的是托福网考(Internet-Based Test)所需的词汇量在 2.0
万左右。
托福考试主要测试考生在学术英语中的阅读、听力、写作和口语能力,因此需要掌握一定量的学术英语词汇。
具体来说,托福ibt 词汇 2.0 包括以下几个方面:
1.阅读部分:需要掌握约1 万个词汇,其中学术词汇约有3000 个左右。
这些词汇涉
及各种学科领域,如自然科学、社会科学、人文科学等。
2.听力部分:需要掌握约1 万个词汇,其中学术词汇约有4000 个左右。
这些词汇主
要涉及学术讲座、课堂讨论、学术报告等场景。
3.写作部分:需要掌握约8000 个词汇,其中学术词汇约有2000 个左右。
这些词汇
用于写作学术论文、综合写作任务等。
4.口语部分:需要掌握约6000 个词汇,其中学术词汇约有1500 个左右。
这些词汇
用于进行学术讨论、课堂发言等。
需要注意的是,托福ibt 词汇 2.0 只是一个大致的参考数字,实际考试中所需
的词汇量还会根据考生自身的英语水平和考试难度而有所不同。
因此,考生在备考过程中,除了记忆托福词汇书中的词汇外,还需要注重提高自己的英语基础和阅读、听力能力,以更好地应对托福考试。
托福阅读词数多少

托福阅读词数多少关于托福阅读考试部分,考试文章的具体篇幅,也是大家比较关心的。
毕竟这些字数也影响着大家的阅读速度。
那么在实际的考试中,到底考试总共有多少文章,每篇文章的字数是多少呢?下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容,供大家参考!托福阅读词数多少1. 托福阅读共三篇文章,每篇700字左右,平均20分钟/篇;2. 阅读加试一篇文章,20分钟。
有经典加试题,考生可提前准备。
阅读对大部分考生来说是托福考试四个科目中难度最低的一项,它是中国考生平均分最高的一项。
托福阅读的针对性备考训练包括两项。
一是对做过的每篇文章做精读,彻底弄懂每个词汇每个句子。
二是集中性的做错题。
另外,大部分考生做托福阅读做到23分之后就会进入瓶颈期,就是怎么练习都无法再提高分数。
这往往是考生的某些弱项,例如某种特定题型或某种特定题材的文章做不好,考生应该找出自己不擅长的题型题材集中地反复做,找出攻克这种题的方法技巧,一般就会有改善。
要想做好阅读,第一分钟是非常重要的,这一分钟要做两件事,一是文章的方向性把握,二是文章分论点的浏览。
先看标题,再花30秒左右的时间看第一段,找出其主要内容+方向+指示词。
主要内容就是该篇文章要讲的事情。
方向就是作者对他所要说的这件事情的态度,分为正面态度和反面态度,比如对事实真假的判断,对事物好坏的判断。
指示词即递进或转折词。
如果能力再强点可以多看一点,尽可能找出文章中出现的概念和文章行文的逻辑。
托福阅读练习:2030年人类将需要两个地球Humans are overusing the planet's resources and will need two Earths by 2030,a new report warns.一份新报告警示:由于人类过度的使用地球上的资源,到2030年人类将需要两个地球。
According to the Report,human demands on natural resources have doubled in under 50 years and are now outstripping what the Earth can provide by more than half; and humanity carries on as it is in use of resources, globally it will need the capacity of two Earths by 2030.该报告指出,人类对自然资源的需求量在不到50年内翻了一番,目前已超出地球供应能力的一半。
托福阅读题型及评分标准介绍

托福阅读考试需要完成3篇文章,每篇文章的字数大约有700字左右,每篇文章的出题数是12-14题,平均20分钟/篇。
如果遇到加试,会从考试的四篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。
这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的阅读总分。
除重要观点题和归类题以外,每道题的分值都是1分,重要观点题的分值可能是2分,归类题为3或4分。
考试所得分数范围:0-30分。
阅读题型1. Factual Information questions(事实信息题)2. Negative Factual Information questions(否定事实信息题)3. Inference questions(推论题)4. Rhetorical Purpose questions(修辞目的题)5. Vocabulary questions(词汇题)6. Reference questions(指代题)7. Sentence Simplification questions(句子简化题)8. Insert Text question(句子插入题)9. Prose Summary(文章总结题)10. Fill in a Table(表格填写题)评分标准托福阅读以选择题为主,除最后的文章总结题和表格填写题之外,每道题的分值都是1分。
文章总结题满分为2分。
这道题会给出6个选项,要求考生从中选出3个最能概括文章内容的选项。
在评分方面,文章总结题每道题2分。
如果这道题没有选对答案或只选对1个选项,不得分;如果这道题选对2个选项,得1分;如果这道题选对了3个选项,得2分。
表格填写题满分为3分。
这道题会有2或3栏/行表格,包括5个正确答案选项。
考生需要在备选答案中挑出正确选项,并将正确选项拖入表格中的相应位置。
表格填写题满分为3分。
没有答对或只答对1或2个答案不得分;答对3个答案得1分;答对4个答案得2分;5个全对得满分3分。
在计算出原始分数以后,将被转化为0-30分的最终分数。
不同类型英语考试词汇量要求

不同类型英语考试词汇量要求一、大学英语四级(CET - 4)1. 词汇量要求。
- 四级考试要求考生掌握大约4500个常用词汇以及一定数量的词组。
2. 词汇特点(发音与词性)- 例如“abandon”[əˈbændən],动词,意为“放弃;抛弃”。
- “ability”[əˈbɪləti],名词,“能力;才能”。
- 在四级词汇中,词汇涵盖名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词等多种词性。
发音遵循英语的音标规则,考生需要准确掌握每个单词的发音,以便在听力和口语部分正确运用。
二、大学英语六级(CET - 6)1. 词汇量要求。
- 六级词汇量要求在5500 - 6000个左右。
2. 词汇特点(发音与词性)- 像“accommodate”[əˈkɒmədeɪt],动词,“容纳;使适应”。
- “ambiguous”[æmˈbɪɡjuəs],形容词,“模棱两可的;含糊不清的”。
- 六级词汇相比四级词汇,在难度和深度上有所增加,不仅词汇量增多,而且词汇的用法更加复杂,对发音和词性的准确掌握要求也更高。
三、雅思(IELTS)1. 词汇量要求。
- 一般来说,雅思考试如果想取得6.5 - 7分的成绩,词汇量应在6000 - 7000左右。
对于更高分数(7.5分及以上),8000以上的词汇量会更有保障。
2. 词汇特点(发音与词性)- 例如“accentuate”[əkˈsentʃueɪt],动词,“强调;使突出”。
- “adverse”[ˈædvɜːs],形容词,“不利的;有害的”。
- 雅思词汇注重实用性,很多词汇在学术、生活场景中都有特定的用法。
考生需要准确掌握发音,因为雅思口语考试对发音的准确性和流利度有较高要求,同时要清楚词汇的词性以便正确运用在写作和口语表达中。
四、托福(TOEFL)1. 词汇量要求。
- 托福考试词汇量要求大概在8000 - 10000个。
2. 词汇特点(发音与词性)- 比如“aberrant”[æˈberənt],形容词,“异常的;畸变的”。
新托福阅读分数换算表20题

新托福阅读分数换算表20题托福(TOEFL)是世界范围内最被普遍接受并使用的英语语言能力考试之一。
该考试分为听力、口语、阅读和写作四个部分。
对于参加托福考试的考生来说,了解自己在阅读部分的得分情况非常重要。
然而,托福阅读部分的得分并不是简单的百分比制,而是根据具体分数来换算的。
本文将为您提供一张新托福阅读分数换算表,以便考生了解自己在阅读部分的实际得分。
首先,让我们来看一下新托福阅读部分的考试形式。
新托福阅读部分总共有三篇文章,每篇文章大约700-800字。
每篇文章后面都附有十道题目,一共有20道题目需要考生完成。
考生需要阅读文章,并根据文章内容回答相关问题。
为了更加准确地换算分数,新托福阅读部分的得分表如下:题目正确数-------------------------------------------阅读得分0-1------------------------------------------------------12-3------------------------------------------------------24-5------------------------------------------------------36--------------------------------------------------------47--------------------------------------------------------58--------------------------------------------------------69--------------------------------------------------------710------------------------------------------------------811------------------------------------------------------1112------------------------------------------------------1413------------------------------------------------------1614------------------------------------------------------1815------------------------------------------------------2216------------------------------------------------------2517------------------------------------------------------2918------------------------------------------------------3219------------------------------------------------------3620------------------------------------------------------40根据上述表格,我们可以根据考生在新托福阅读部分答对的题目数量来换算出他们的阅读得分。
新托福阅读题型

新托福阅读题型l托福考试向来是想要探求American dream的孩子们要过的第一个关卡,老托福成Internet Baed的新托福,实行全机考策略,让很多备考的同学更受打击,因为新托福不仅增加了以前老托福没有的口语考试部分,其他几部分考试的难度也有一定比例的提高,例如阅读和听力的文章长度都增加了,写作还增加了结合听力和阅读的综合写作部分。
所以ETS从整体上大大提高了托福考试的难度,使其成为更难下咽的一根"山姆大叔鸡肋"。
在本文中,朗阁海外考试研究中心将和大家探讨一下新托福考试的阅读部分,分析一下新托福阅读考试十大题型的考察要点,然后给考生提供一些针对性的复习建议。
新托福阅读考试的文章长度由老托的500字左右文章加长到800字左右的文章,文章篇数为3篇或5篇(5篇文章意味着有2篇文章为加试),每篇文章题数大约11-13题,题型从OG(official guide)上看总共有10种类型,分别为1、Factual information quetion (事实信息题)2、Negative factual information quetion (非事实信息题) 3、Inference quetion (推理题)4、Rhetorical purpoe quetion (修辞目的题)5、Vocabulary quetion (词汇题)6。
Reference quetion (指代题)7。
Sentence implification quetion (句子简化题)8。
Inert tet quetion (句子插入题)9。
Proe ummary (内容摘要题)10。
Fill in a table (表格归类题)从以上的阅读题型列表来看,可以发现新托福阅读考试是强调考察学生总体英语阅读能力的,ETS考察的内容非常之全面,从语言学习的最基础内容词汇开始,再到句子,最后到整体文章内容理解。
所以有些英语基础不扎实却想走技巧捷径的考生是很难在新托福阅读考试中尝到甜头的。
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一篇托福阅读词量是多少关于托福阅读考试部分,考试文章的具体篇幅,也是大家比较关心的。
毕竟这些字数也影响着大家的阅读速度。
那么在实际的考试中,到底考试总共有多少文章,每篇文章的单词量是多少呢?下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容,供大家参考!一篇托福阅读词量是多少1. 托福阅读共三篇文章,每篇700字左右,平均20分钟/篇;2. 阅读加试一篇文章,20分钟。
有经典加试题,考生可提前准备。
阅读对大部分考生来说是托福考试四个科目中难度最低的一项,它是中国考生平均分最高的一项。
托福阅读的针对性备考训练包括两项。
一是对做过的每篇文章做精读,彻底弄懂每个词汇每个句子。
二是集中性的做错题。
另外,大部分考生做托福阅读做到23分之后就会进入瓶颈期,就是怎么练习都无法再提高分数。
这往往是考生的某些弱项,例如某种特定题型或某种特定题材的文章做不好,考生应该找出自己不擅长的题型题材集中地反复做,找出攻克这种题的方法技巧,一般就会有改善。
要想做好阅读,第一分钟是非常重要的,这一分钟要做两件事,一是文章的方向性把握,二是文章分论点的浏览。
先看标题,再花30秒左右的时间看第一段,找出其主要内容+方向+指示词。
主要内容就是该篇文章要讲的事情。
方向就是作者对他所要说的这件事情的态度,分为正面态度和反面态度,比如对事实真假的判断,对事物好坏的判断。
指示词即递进或转折词。
如果能力再强点可以多看一点,尽可能找出文章中出现的概念和文章行文的逻辑。
托福阅读练习:SilkSilk is the strongest natural fiber in the world, as far as we know. Scientists long to understand just how exactly the silkworm manages the process of silk weaving, so they can replicate the process in order to manufacture such things as high-strength and high-performance materials for sports and law enforcement.Though our understanding of the silk-making process is not yet complete, scientists do know that the key to making silk lies in the animal’s careful managing of the water content in its silk glands.Silk gets its strength from its proteins. Parts of the proteins are hydrophilic, or water-loving; and parts are hydrophobic, or water-fearing. For some time it was a mystery how silkworms managed to convert these proteins into silk threads without the proteins crystallizing before the animal is ready to spin them. Premature crystallization would clog up their silk glands, which would likely prove fatal to the little creatures.The answer lies in the silkworm’s slowly decreasing the water content in its silk glands and in the proteins’ability to retainwater, keeping the solution soluble up until it is spun. As the water decreases, the water-loving parts of the proteins fold together in chains, forcing the water-fearing parts together. As the water level continues to drop, the folded chains of silk push together more and more to form larger and larger gel-like structures. All the while the water-loving parts retain enough water so that the solution does not crystallize prematurely, before there is enough of the material to begin spinning.蚕丝是史上全世界最强韧的天然纤维。
长久以来,科学家想知道蚕如何产丝,然后仿效制丝过程,生产高强高性能的运动原材及执法材料。
虽然我们对制丝的整个过程了解的不多,但是科学家可以肯定关键在于蚕如何细心掌控丝腺里的水分。
蚕丝的高强性是因为蛋白质。
蛋白质部分是亲水的;部分是疏水的。
蚕吐丝前,蛋白质尚未结晶,蚕是如何将蛋白质转换成蚕线一直是个未解之谜。
而过早的结晶会阻塞丝腺,蚕很可能为此丧命。
奥秘在于丝腺里的水分逐步流失,而蛋白质可以储存水分,蚕在吐丝前先溶解于水。
水分渐渐流失,亲水的蛋白质丝丝缕缕缠绕在一起,将疏水的部分也裹在一起。
水分继续流失,包裹在一起的蚕丝像滚雪球般形成凝胶状。
亲水的蛋白质始终储存足够水分避免过早结晶。
结晶后,蚕吐出蚕丝。
fiber:纤维convert:转换spin :(蚕)吐丝;过去式spun或span 过去分词spun 现在分词spinningfatal:致命的托福阅读练习:Hormones in the BodyHormones in the BodyUp to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showedthat it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite”or “to set in motion.”A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonalsystems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots —dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in theface of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.27. The word engine in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) desire(B) origin(C) science(D) chemical28. The word it in the passage refers to(A) secretin(B) small intestine(C) bloodstream(D) pancreas29. The word spurred in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) remembered(B) surprised(C) invented(D) motivated30. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must(A) be part of the digestive process(B) influence the operations of the nervous system(C) affect processes in a different part of the body(D) regulate attitudes and behavior31. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to(A) whether scientists understand their function(B) how frequently they release hormones into the body(C) whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process(D) whether they secrete chemicals into the blood Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow [→]32. The word key in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) misunderstood(B) precise(C) significant(D) simple33. The word minute in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) sudden(B) small(C) changing(D) noticeable34. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(A) Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.(B) Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.(C) When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.(D) The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people’s psychology and actions extensively.35. The word tempered in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) decreased(B) advertised(C) prescribed(D) researched36. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone?(A) Adults of smaller statue than normal(B) Adults with strong digestive systems(C) Children who are not at risk from the treatment(D) Children who may remain abnormally small37.Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy?These sentences are highlighted in the passage.(A) The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.(B) A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.(C) HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.(D) Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.38. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The body is a complex machine, however, and recent studies have called into question the wisdom of essentially trying to fool its systems into believing they aren’t aging.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.39. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The class of chemicals called hormones was discovered by tworesearchers studying a substance produced in the small intestine.Answer ChoicesThe term hormone is based on a Greek word that means to excite or to set in motion.Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of treatments with growth hormone so that more patients can benefit from it.Hormones can be given artificially, but such treatments have risks and must be used carefully.Hormones can affect not only life processes such as growth but also behavior and emotion. Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system but also certain chemicals can affect bodily processes far from their points of origin.Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the risk of blood clots and heart disease in middle-age women.Answer KeysReading:27. B28. A29. D30. C31. D32. C33. B34. D35. A36. D37. A38. third square39.1) Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system….2) Hormones can affect not only life processes…..3) Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of ….一篇托福阅读词量是多少。