关于经济的英语单词
经济学英语词汇
经济学英语词汇在研究和学习经济学的过程中，掌握相关的英语词汇是非常重要的。
以下是一些经济学中常用的英语词汇及其含义：1、Economic：经济的，与经济相关的。
2、Finance：金融，财政。
3、Accounting：会计，会计学。
4、Market：市场，市场营销。
5、Price：价格，价值。
6、Currency：货币，通货。
7、Interest Rate：利率。
8、Exchange Rate：汇率。
9、Stock：股票，股份。
10、Bond：债券。
11、Futures：期货。
12、Options：期权。
13、Commodity：商品，大宗商品。
14、Price Index：价格指数。
15、Economy Growth：经济增长。
16、Unemployment Rate：失业率。
17、Inflation：通货膨胀。
18、Interest Rate Policy：利率政策。
19、Monetary Policy：货币政策。
20、Fiscal Policy：财政政策。
21、Supply-Side Economics：供给侧经济学。
22、Demand-Side Economics：需求侧经济学。
23、Comparative Advantage：比较优势。
24、Gains from Trade：贸易收益。
25、Barriers to Trade：贸易壁垒。
26、Dumping：倾销。
27、DumpingMargin：倾销差价。
28、Economic Liberalization：经济自由化。
29、Privatization：私有化。
30、Liberalization：自由化。
31、Globalization：全球化。
32、Protectionism：保护主义。
33、Stagflation：滞胀，即经济停滞与高通货膨胀、失业以及不景气并存的经济现象。
34、Recession：经济衰退，经济连续两个季度出现负增长。
关于经济的英语单词
关于经济的英语单词rural economics农村经济liberal economy自由经济mixed economy混合经济political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分 ,私营部门public sector 公共部门 ,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability经济稳定economic policy经济政策economic recovery经济复原understanding 约定 concentration 集中holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准 ,生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞 , 萧条 , 不景气 underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值 output value鼓励 give incentive to投入 input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济结构optimize the economic structure输入活力bring vigor into改善经济环境improve economic environment整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的 tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途lead one to a blind alley举措 move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution试一下 have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail发电量 electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担 be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资 total wages分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds管理不善poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinalprinciples - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persistingin reform and opening.改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。
关于经济的英语单词
关于经济的英语单词rural economics农村经济liberal economy自由经济mixed economy混合经济political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分 ,私营部门public sector 公共部门 ,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability经济稳定economic policy经济政策economic recovery经济复原understanding 约定 concentration 集中holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准 ,生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞 , 萧条 , 不景气 underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值 output value鼓励 give incentive to投入 input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济结构optimize the economic structure输入活力bring vigor into改善经济环境improve economic environment整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的 tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途lead one to a blind alley举措 move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution试一下 have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail发电量 electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担 be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资 total wages分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds管理不善poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinalprinciples - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persistingin reform and opening.改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。
常见的经济类英语词汇
常见的经济类英语词汇常见的经济类英语词汇经济，是指一定范围(世界、国家、区域、内，组织一切生产、分配、流通和消费活动与关系的系统之总称。
以下是店铺分享给大家的常见的`经济类英语词汇，欢迎阅读!常见的经济类英语词汇篇11、出租车起步价 flag down fare2、法定准备金率 required reserve ratio3、实体经济 real economy 虚拟经济 fictitious economy4、反盗版 anti-piracy 知识产权 intellectual property rights5、出口退税 tax rebates 人民币升值the yuan’s appreciation6、信贷紧缩 credit crunch 次贷危机 subprime mortgage rate 最优惠贷款利率 prime rate7、翻盖手机 flip/clamshell 滑盖手机 slide phone 直板手机 bar phone8、经济适用房 economically affordable house9、安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents10 。
住房保障制度 housing security system11、大宗交易系统block trading system 竞价交易系统bid trading system12、暴利税 windfall tax13、整容手术 cosmetic surgery (face –lifting、14、双眼皮手术 double eyelid operation 鼻子手术 nose job15、从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy16、宽松的货币政策 easy monetary policy17、审慎的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy18、油价飙升 oil prices surge19、原油价飙升 crude oil prices surge20、石油输出国组织 organization of the petroleum exportingcountries(OPEC、21、原油储备 crude oil stockpiles22、轻质原油 light sweet crude23、使人均GDP翻两番 to quadruple per capita GDP24、股权收购、股权投资 stake purchase ; take stakes25、世界巡演 worldwide tour 复出巡演 comeback tour26、个体工商户 self—employed people27、房屋中介 letting agent 保险经纪人 insurance agent 地产经纪人 estate agent28、直销 direct selling 传销 pyramid selling29、漫游费 roaming fee 单向收费 one -way charge 来电免费业务 free incoming calls30、吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback31、洗钱 money laundering32、透支 overdraft33、股市牛年 bullish year34、上市子公司 listed subsidiary35、海关税收 customs revenue36、税收减免 tax break37、二流货的 cut—rate38、高端产品 high end product39、货币升值 revaluation40、跳槽 job—popping41、大片 blockbuster42、货币经纪人 money broker43、起征点 cutoff point44、暴发户;新贵 upstart45、养老保险 endowment insurance46、解雇金 severance pay47、勾销债款 write off48、高峰期 peak season49、职员总数 headcount50、买入股票 buy into51、出境游 outbound travel52、逃税 tax evasion53、公开募款 initial public offering54、新闻专线 newswire55、衰退 downturn56、由…推出 bow out57、便携式游戏机 PSP58、负有责任的 accountable59、精炼厂，炼油厂 refinery60、杀手 hit man61、官方证明书 clearance62、家禽流行病 epizonntic63、辞职;下台 step down64、门户网站 portal65、小轿车 sedan66、战略石油储备 strategic petroleum reserve67、半导体 semiconductor68、基准点，衡量标准 benchmark69、出口补贴 export subsidy70、对…不太重视 play down71、记账卡，签帐卡 charge card72、反托拉斯 anti—trust73、资产负债表 balance sheet74、最佳位置最佳时期 sweet spot75、货存，库存量 inventory76、集体诉讼 class action77、反倾销 antidumping78、不足，赤字，差额 shortfall79、美国联邦储备系统 Federal Reserve80、资本净值 net worth81、汇丰银行 HSBC82、国际货币基金组织 IMF83、财务欺诈 accounting fraud84、国际套利资本 hot money85、专利局 patent office常见的经济类英语词汇篇21、planned economy计划经济2、marked economy市场经济3、market—oriented economy市场导向型经济4、market demand市场需求5、state—owned business国有经济6、industrialization工业化7、home market国内市场8、red—hot economy白热化经济9、prosperous经济繁荣的10、globalization全球化11、global inflation全球通货膨胀12、multinational corporation跨国公司13、venture investment风险投资14、stakeholder股东15、credit card信用卡16、monetary policy货币政策17、retail price零售价18、commodity price物价19、devalue贬值20、interest rate利率21、capital资金资本22、intellectual property知识产权23、treasury国库财政部【常见的经济类英语词汇】。
最全经济学英语词汇(打印版)
经济学英语词汇经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill) to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stockbrokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格,票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街3、Credit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务fundeddebt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance,grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overheadcosts 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses分摊费用6、Profit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector 收税员8、Internal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of InternationalTrade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association forthe Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会BritishCouncil for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union ofMarine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operationCouncil, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development,DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European CommonMarket 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual EconomicAid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free TradeAssociation, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs andEconomic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community,WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries,OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic andMonetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African第3 页共10 页Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American OrientalBanking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行TheChase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行UnitedBank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank ofTokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La CommunauteFinancieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织UnitedNations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Foodand Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织EconomicCommission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for LatinAmerica, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East,ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas ChineseInvestment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginalproductivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域第5 页共10 页economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions productionfunction 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate ofsubstitution 边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate oftechnical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous productionfunction 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡第7 页共10 页market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social)preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值第9 页共10 页variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润。
经济类英文词汇
对于经济的英语单词rural economics liberal economy mixed economy 乡村经济自由经济混淆经济political economy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy 闭关自守economist 经济学家socialist economy社会主义经济capitalist economy资本主义经济collective economy集体经济planned economy计划经济controlled economy管束经济primary sector初级成分private sector私营成分,私营部门public sector公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济均衡economic fluctuation经济颠簸economic depression经济衰败economic stability经济稳固economic policy经济政策economic recovery经济还原understanding 商定concentration集中holding company控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth增添economic trend经济趋向economic situation经济局势infrastructure基本建设standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power购置力scarcity 欠缺stagnation 阻滞 ,冷清 ,不景气underdevelopment不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing发展中的公民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)人均公民生产总值per capita GNP产值output value鼓舞give incentive to投入input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济构造optimize the economic structure输入活力bring vigor into改良经济环境improve economic environment整改经济次序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的tangible全领会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧路lead one to a blind alley措施move脚踏实地seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution试试看have a go (at sth.)精髓、精髓、本质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system 搞活公司invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被吞并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business擅长接受的receptive增额、增值、增添increment发展过快excessive growth抽样检查data from the sample survey扣除物价上升部分price increase are deducted(excluded)本质增添率actual growth rate国际进出international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总薪资total wages分派形式forms of distribution风险资本risk funds管理不善poor management一其中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基来源则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinalprinciples - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people'sdemocratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting inreform and opening.改革是“社会主义制度的自我完美和自我发展”。
关于经济的英语单词
关于经济的英语单词rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门 public sector 公共部门,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气 underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP产值 output value鼓励 give incentive to投入 input宏观控制 exercise macro-control优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure输入活力 bring vigor into改善经济环境 improve economic environment整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation非公有成分 non-public sectors主要成分 dominant sector实在的 tangible全体会议 plenary session解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley举措 move实事求是 seek truth from facts引进、输入 importation和平演变 peaceful evolution试一下 have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质 quintessence家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system搞活企业 invigorate enterprises商品经济 commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail发电量 electric energy production有色金属 nonferrous metals人均收入 per capita income使负担 be saddled with营业发达的公司 going concerns被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business善于接受的 receptive增额、增值、增长 increment发展过快 excessive growth抽样调查 data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率 actual growth rate国际收支 international balance of payments流通制度 circulation system总工资 total wages分配形式 forms of distribution风险资金 risk funds管理不善 poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。
经济学常用英语词汇
经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collectiveeconomy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holdingcompany 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozenassets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulatingcapital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolvingfund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no creditgiven 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill) to pay(in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率freeexchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hardcurrency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stockexchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stockbrokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格,票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券WallStreet 华尔街3、Credit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务fundeddebt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overheadcosts 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenancecosts 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses分摊费用6、Profit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income,gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressivetaxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxableincome 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector 收税员8、Internal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of InternationalTrade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association forthe Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会BritishCouncil for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union ofMarine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development,DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual EconomicAid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free TradeAssociation, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs andEconomic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community,WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries,OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic andMonetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American OrientalBanking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行TheChase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行UnitedBank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank ofTokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La CommunauteFinancieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织UnitedNations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Foodand Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织EconomicCommission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for LatinAmerica, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East,ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas ChineseInvestment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学TopOobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化TopPparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断accounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润。
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关于经济的英语单词ruraleconomics农村经济liberaleconomy自由经济mixedeconomy混合经济politicaleconomy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守economist经济学家socialisteconomy社会主义经济capitalisteconomy资本主义经济collectiveeconomy集体经济plannedeconomy计划经济controlledeconomy管制经济primarysector初级成分privatesector私营成分,私营部门publicsector公共部门,公共成分economicchannels经济渠道economicbalance经济平衡economicfluctuation经济波动economicdepression经济衰退economicstability经济稳定economicpolicy经济政策economicrecovery经济复原understanding约定concentration集中holdingcompany控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特尔rateofgrowth增长economictrend经济趋势economicsituation经济形势infrastructure基本建设standardofliving生活标准,生活水平purchasingpower,buyingpower购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment不发达underdeveloped不发达的developing发展中的国民生产总值GNP(GrossNationalProduct)人均国民生产总值percapitaGNP产值outputvalue鼓励giveincentiveto投入input宏观控制exercisemacro-control优化经济结构optimizetheeconomicstructure输入活力bringvigorinto改善经济环境improveeconomicenvironment整顿经济秩序rectifyeconomicorder有效地控制通货膨胀effectivelycontrolinflation非公有成分non-publicsectors主要成分dominantsector实在的tangible全体会议plenarysession解放生产力liberate/unshackle/releasetheproductiveforces 引入歧途leadonetoablindalley举措move实事求是seektruthfromfacts引进、输入importation和平演变peacefulevolution试一下haveago(atsth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contractresponsibilitysystem 搞活企业invigorateenterprises商品经济commodityeconomy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electricenergyproduction有色金属nonferrousmetals人均收入percapitaincome使负担besaddledwith营业发达的公司goingconcerns被兼并或挤掉annexedorforcedoutofbusiness善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessivegrowth抽样调查datafromthesamplesurvey扣除物价上涨部分priceincreasearededucted(excluded) 实际增长率actualgrowthrate国际收支internationalbalanceofpayments流通制度circulationsystem总工资totalwages分配形式formsofdistribution风险资金riskfunds管理不善poormanagement一个中心、两个基本点onecentraltaskandtwobasicpoints以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放thecentraltaskreferstoeconomicconstructionandtwobasicpointsarethefourc ardinalprinciples-adherencetothesocialistroad,toCommunistPartyleadership,toth epeople'sdemocraticdictatorshipandtoMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought-andpers istinginreformandopening.改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。
Reformis"theself-perfectionandself-developmentofthesocialistsystem." 我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。
Thecriterionforourjudgementiswhetherthemovefacilitatesthedevelopmentof socialistproductiveforces,whetherithelpsincreasetheoverallnationalstrengthofaso cialistcountry,andwhetheritbringsaboutbetterlivingstandards.社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。
Themaingoalsofsocialismaretheliberationanddevelopmentofproductiveforce s,the eliminationofexploitationandpolarizationbetweentherichandthepoorandthe finalachievementofcommonprosperity.要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。
towarnpeopleoftheinfluenceofboththeRightandthe"Left"deviations,particu larlyofthedeep-rooted"Left"influence.中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。
ChinaneedstobevigilantagainsttheRightdeviation,butprimarily,itshouldgu ardagainstthe"Left"deviation.资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。
Socialismandcapitalismarenotdistinguishedbytheproportionofplannedandma rketeconomy.随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。
Asthereformfurtherdevelops,thescopeformandatorystateplanswillbenarrowe d,whilethescopeformarketforceswillbeenlarged.初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
toestablishatapreliminarylevelanewsystemofsocialistplannedcommodityeconomy.各尽所能，按劳/需分配。
fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohiswork/needs.经济结构改革。
reformineconomicstructure剩余劳动力。
surpluslabor经营机制operativemechanism发挥市场的调节作用togiveplaytotheregulatoryroleofthemarket经济和法律的杠杆economicandlegalleverages经济计划和市场调节相结合tocombineeconomicplanningwithmarketregulation计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制amechanismthatcombinesplannedeconomyandmarketregulation取消国家对农产品的统购统销tocancelthestate'smonopolyonthepurchaseandmarketingofagriculturalprodu cts改革重点转移到城市thefocusofreformisshiftedtothecities国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设Thebasictaskofthenationistoconcentrateitseffortsonsocialistmodernizati on.逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。
tomodernizethecountry'sindustry,agriculture,nationaldefenceandsciencea ndtechn ologystepbysteptoturnChinaintoastrongandprosperoussocialistcountrywith ahighlevelofcultureanddemocracy.社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。
Thebasisofthesocialisteconomicsystemissocialistpublicownershipofthemea nsofproduction,namely,ownershipbythewholepeopleandcollectiveownershipbyt heworkingpeople.国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。
Thestateeconomyisthesectorofsocialisteconomyunderownershipbythewholepe ople;itistheleadingforceinthenationaleconomy.国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。