Lesson5 The One Against The Many

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(完整版)新概念英语第二册Lesson5课文+练习

(完整版)新概念英语第二册Lesson5课文+练习

Lesson 5 No wrong numbersMr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.Summary Writing摘要写作(不超过50字)1.Where has Mr. Scott opened his second language?2.Where is his first garage?3.How far away is Silbury?4.Can Mr. Scott get a telephone for his new garage or not?5.What has he bought?6.In how many minuted do they carry message from one garage to the other? Multiple choice questions多项选择题1.Mr. Scott hasn’t got a new telephone for his new garage because .A.it isn’t far from his new garage, so he doesn’t need oneB.he has 12 pigeonsC.he can’t get oneD.it’s too expensive2.Mr. Scott keeps pigeons because .A.he uses them to send messagesB.it’s his hobbyC.he has two garagesD.he likes them3.Mr. Scott has a garage. The garage is .A.to himB.of himC.of hisD.his4.Mr. Scott can’t get a telephone for his garage. he has just bought 12 pigeons.A.That’s soB.That’s whyC.BecauseD.For5.He has just bought 12 pigeons. When did he . them.A.boughtB.buysC.buyD.buying6.What’s the distance from Pinhurst to Silbury? How is Pinhurst Silbury?A.long ago...untilB.long...awayC.away...tillD.far...from7.The pigeon flew from one garage to the other three minute.A.inB.intoC.withD.on8.Mr. Scott has a garage in Silbury. His garage is in Pinhurst.A.anotherB.otherC.elseD.different9.Mr. Scott can’t get a telephone. Telephones are hard to .A.takeB.receiveC.obtainD.find10.H e has sent requests for spare parts. He has spare parts.A.askedB.asked forC.beggedD.pleased11.U rgent messages are important, so they must be sent .A.quicklyB.slowlyC.by handrgely12.Mr. Scott’s “telephone service” is private. It is .A.generalB.spareC.secretD.his own。

新概念英语二册 lesson5 教师版讲义

新概念英语二册 lesson5 教师版讲义
--Can you take a message for me?
information n.信息(不可数)
messenger n.送信人,信使
★cover v.越过;覆盖
① vt.盖,覆盖
Snow covered the whole village.
She covered the child with a coat.她给孩子盖了件外衣。
How far...?多远(对距离提问)
How far(away) is the bus stop?
How far is your home(from here)?
My home is ten miles away from here.
get a telephone得到电话,安装电话
3、Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.
I have no spare time now.
‘Have you any old clothes that you do not want?’ he asked.
=‘Have you any old clothes to spare?’he asked.
★service n.业务,服务
service作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务;作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作。
urgent adj.紧急的
something urgent紧急的事情
提分第五阶段:总结本节课内容,温故而知新
【Key structures】
一般过去时与现在完成时
在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时,要用一般过去时。在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作并且对现在有影响时,则要用现在完成时,时间状语可以是不特指的now,just或者for引导的一段时间,或者不加任何时间状语。

现代大学英语精读5课后答案

现代大学英语精读5课后答案

现代大学英语精读5课后答案【篇一:现代大学英语精读5课后翻译习题答案】.a white lie is better than a black lie.一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。

2. to upset this cultural homicide, the negro must rise up with an affirmation of his ownolympian manhood.为了挫败各种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态,黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。

3. ・・・with a spirit straining toward true self-esteem, the negro must throw off the manacles of self-abnegation.・・黑人必须一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神,大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。

4. what is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and lovewithout power is sentimental and anemic.必须懂得没有爱的权利是毫无节制的、易被滥用的,而没有权利的爱则是多愁善感、脆弱无力的。

5. it is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times.正是这种邪恶的权利和没有权势的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。

6. now early in this century this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule anddenunciation, as destructive of initiative and responsibility.在本世纪之初,这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责,认为它对主动性和责任感其负面作用。

2024-2025年北师大版英语必修第一册Unit2.Lesson5课时作业(带答案)

2024-2025年北师大版英语必修第一册Unit2.Lesson5课时作业(带答案)

课时作业(五) Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop &Reading Clubs 1~2基础知识夯实Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语和首字母提示写单词。

1.When you are talking with him, you must pay attention to his r________ (回答;反应) to such a gesture.2.The f________ (灵活性) of distance learning would be suited to busy managers in particular.3.They help the body d________ (保卫) itself against some sorts of infections.4.He made no r________ (响应) to my question,and went on with his slides.5.The c________ (自行车运动员) should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets.6.Our original plan was o________ (突然发生) by events and we had to make a new one.7.John, a cyclist,got a bronze m________ (奖牌) in the race which took place last week.8.Nuclear energy may o________ (超过) oil as the main fuel in the future.Ⅱ.单句语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, ________ (be) not able to solve the problem.2.Wang Shu, a Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize, which ________ (refer) to as the Nobel Prize in architecture.3.A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago.4.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings shed tears, none of ________ has been proved.5.There is no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________ another man, also intelligent, fails.6.The product was developed in ________ (respond) to customer demand.7.He is quite skilled and ________ (experience) though he has been in the factory for only a short time.8.Her big­city friends were ________ (amaze) at the turn of events.9.In the distant past, friends hunted together and defended each other ________ dangerous animals or enemies.10.My readi ng was limited ________ stories by English­speaking authors.Ⅲ.根据汉语提示完成句子1.Parents ought to actively urge their children to ________(利用) the opportunity to join sports teams.2.The post has since ____________ (引起……的注意) social media users all over the world.3.Locke ________ (创立) this principle in the 17th century.4.The law was passed ____________________ (对……做出反应) public pressure.5.What does the underlined word “flexibility” in Paragraph 2 __________________(指的是)?6.I have some difficulty ____________________ (习惯) the senior high school life here.7.On the one hand, you have studied very hard, but ____________________ (另一方面), you don't have a good digestion of what you learned.8.Many audience packed into the gym ____________________ (为他们加油).Ⅳ.一句多译1.所谓网虫,就是上网上瘾的人。

lesson 5 英汉语句子形式对比 形合和意合

lesson 5 英汉语句子形式对比 形合和意合

Lesson 5 英汉语句子形式对比形合与意合单元导读:本单元主要讲解在英汉互译时,英语句子一般趋向于形合,而汉语的句子主要靠意合来组句。

前者不仅靠句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段(如关联词)连接起来,表达语法意义和逻辑意义,而且还有其形合手段、形式多样,主要有使用连接词语(关系词、连词和连接性副词)、介词和其他连接手段(实词的各种形态变化、it 的非人称用法、做形式主语或宾语及there be结构中there做替补词的现象);后者靠语序和语义连贯来行文造句。

总体说来,英语造句注重显性接应、注重句子的形式、注重结构完整、注重以形显义;而汉语句子注重意义的连贯、完整,句子之间靠内在的、隐性的逻辑关系来组句。

如:①我常见许多青年朋友, ②聪明用功, ③成绩优异, ④而语文程度不足以达意, ⑤甚至写一封信也难得通顺, ⑥问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。

(粱实秋《学问与兴趣》)参考译文:①I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are weak in Chinese. ②They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. ③When I asked them why, they said they were not interested in the Chinese language. (张培基译)将以上原句与其参考译文做一对比,我们就不难看出以下的差异:首先,一个含有六个小句的完整的汉语句子译成了三个完整的英语句子。

其次,原来的汉语句子之间看不出明显的连接词,似乎是一种平行关系,表达一个中心思想;而三个英文句子中有明显表示上下文之间关系的连接词,如关系代词who,并列连词but,和从属连词when等,强调句子之间的衔接和明显的逻辑关系。

冀教版三年级上册英语Unit 1 Lesson 5 How Many教案

冀教版三年级上册英语Unit 1 Lesson 5 How Many教案

How Many1、教学目标1.能听懂、会说、会读pen,pencil,ruler,cryon,pencil box词汇,会运用“How many ?”语句结构并能运用1—5数字进行回答。

2.能运用How many?语句结构询问事物的数量。

3.培养学生学习英语的兴趣。

2、学情分析三年级的学生生性活泼好动,对新鲜事物有着极大的好奇心和求知欲,想学也喜欢学英语。

本节课针对学生这一实际需要对学生多鼓励,让他们爱上英语学习。

3、重点难点1、听懂,会读,会说pen,pencil,ruler,cryon,pencil box词汇。

2、学习运用How many?语句结构询问事物的数量。

3、T.P 学法:循序渐进法4、教学过程4.1 第一学时4.1.1教学活动活动1【导入】Lesson5:How Many教学过程:一、 Class opening and review1、问候全班:Hello,boys and girls!Let’scount from one to five to beginour class.One ,two,three,four,five.2、 Play a gameTo review numbers.Ask the students to clap with you as you all count 1-2-3 together untilthe class has mastered it.one---two---oneone---two---twoone---two---threeone---two---fourone---two---five3、 Read part 2Play a game五名同学在教室内走动,教师说stop即停止,找最近的同学进行对话,对话内容即Part2内容。

活动2【讲授】Lesson5:How Many二、 New concepts.1、What’s this?介绍新词汇:pencil,pen,ruler,crayon,pencil box.A:Read each word aloud.B:把每一个新单词写到黑板上,手指每个单词,教师先自己朗读,然后让学生跟读,重复数次。

高级英语第二册LESSON5课后答案

Ⅱ .1.The younger generation of the 1920s were thought to be wild because they visited speakeasies, denounced Puritan morality, etc. (See para. 1).2. "Yes" and "no Yes" because the business of growing up is always accompanied by a Younger Generation Problem, "no" because all their actions can now be seen in perspective as being something considerably less sensational than the degeneration of jazz mad youth.3. Yes. Youth was faced with the challenge of changing the standards of social behavior, of rejecting Victorian gentility. But in America the young people tried to escape their responsibilities and retreat behind and air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of Bohemian immorality.4. The revolt was logical and inevitable because of the conditions in the age. First of all, the rebellion affected the entire Western world. Second, people in the United States realized their country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that they could no longer take refuge in isolationism.5. All the activities mentioned above were means to help the young people to escape their more serious responsibilities of changing society and most young people went in for these activities. It became a general pattern of behavior.6. The war whipped up their energies but destroyed their naivette. It made them cynical. They could not fit themselves into postwar society so they rebelled and tried to overthrow completely the genteel standards of behavior.7. Intellectuals and non-intellectuals began to imitate the pattern of life set by those living in Greenwich Village. These people lived a Bohemian and eccentric life. They defied the law and flouted all social conventions. They attacked the war, Babbittry, and "Puritanical" gentility.8. These young intellectuals wanted America to become more sensitive to art and culture, less avid for material gain, and less susceptible to standardization.9. They emigrated to Europe because there "they do things better" than in the United States where people only care for money and wealth. Only in Europe will they be able to find remedy for their sensitive minds.10. They were called the "lost generation" by Gertrude Stein because they were troubled and worried and had emigrated to Europe. But they were never really lost for they finally returned to America and produced the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating works in America's literary experience.Ⅲ .1. The structural organization of this essay is clear and simple. The essay divides logically into paragraphs with particular functions: to introduce the subject (introduction) in paragraph 1, to support and develop the thesis (the body or the middle) in paragraphs 2 through 9, to bring the discussion to an end (conclusion)in paragraphs 10 and 11.2. Horton and Edwards state their thesis in the last paragraph of the essay: "The intellectuals of the Twenties, the "sad young men", as F. Scott Fitzgerald called them, cursed their luck but didn't die; escaped but voluntarily returned; flayed the Babbits but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating writing in its literary experience. "3. They support their thesis by providing historical material concerning the revolt of the younger generation of the twenties in a series of paragraphs and paragraph units between the introduction and conclusion.4. Yes. Each paragraph or paragraph unit develops a new but related aspect of the thoughtstated in the thesis. Frequently the first sentence of these middle paragraphs states clearly the main idea of the material that follows and indicates a new but related stage of the developing thought. For example : The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable. (paragraph 3). The rebellion started with World War I . (paragraph 5) Greenwich Village set the pattern. (paragraph 7) Meanwhile the true intellectuals were far from flattered. (paragraph 9).5. The two paragraphs form a single unit. The writers begin with a clearly stated main idea -- Greenwich Village set the pattern and use paragraph 7 to explain Greenwich Village to the reader, following in paragraph 8 with supporting material showing how the rest of the country imitated life in the "Village".6.Student' s choice.7.Student's choice.III. Paraphrase1.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside抛弃;废除its middle-class respectability and affected做作的;假装的refinement精制;文雅.3.The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4.In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise老于世故的;精于世故的, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful, added a sense of adventure.6.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole war ended.8.These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9. The returning veteran also had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynically as Napoleon did, and to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10. (Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.11. It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12. Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.IV. A.1. speakeasy:a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally,esp.such a place in the U.S.during Prohibition2. sheik: a masterful有驾驭力的man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted3. flapper: (Americanism) (in the 1920s) a young woman considered bold and unconventionalin action and dress4. drugstore cowboy: a western movie extra群众演员who loafs游荡in front of drugstores betweenpictures5. Prohibition: the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes, specifically in the U. S., the period (1920-1933) of Prohibition by Federal law6. orgy: any wild, riotous暴乱的;狂欢的, licentious放肆的;放纵的merrymaking寻欢作乐; debauchery放荡;纵情酒色7. soap opera: a daytime radio or television serial drama of a highly melodramatic情节剧的,sentimental nature.It has been so called since many original sponsors were soap companies8. action: military combat in general9. whip up: rouse; excite10. give: bend, sink, move, break down, yield, etc. from force or pressure11.burden:repeated central idea; theme12.keep up with the Joneses:strive to get all the material things one’s neighbors or associates have13.write off:drop from从…除去considerationB.1.flourish意为向很理想的状况发展或正处于该状况,即发展的鼎盛时期。

初中PEP7年级英语测验(答案及解析)

初中PEP7年级英语测验(答案及解析)(共50道题)下面有答案和解题分析一、综合题1.Which sentence uses "much" correctly?A. There is much people in the room.B. There is much furniture in the room.C. There is much chairs in the room.D. There is much books in the room.2.Right now, she ______ (read) a book in the library.3.Which sentence uses the correct comparative form of the adjective "fast"?A. This car is more faster than that one.B. This car is faster than that one.C. This car is fast than that one.D. This car is most fast than that one.4.Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice?A. The teacher teaches the lesson.B. The lesson is taught by the teacher.C. The teacher is teaching the lesson.D. The lesson teaches by the teacher.5.If I __________ (be) you, I __________ (take) a break and relax for a while. You__________ (seem) really tired. Last week, I __________ (feel) the same way, and I__________ (decide) to take a day off. After I __________ (rest) for a day, I __________ (feel) much better.6.Choose the correct sentence:A. I can’t see the TV because it is far.B. I can’t see the TV because it’s far.C. I can’t see the TV because far it is.D. I can’t see the TV because it far is.7.I __________ (1) to the park every Sunday with my friends. The park __________ (2) very beautiful, with lots of trees and flowers. We __________ (3) walk around and__________ (4) play games. Sometimes, we __________ (5) bring our pets. My dog__________ (6) very happy when we __________ (7) to the park. We __________ (8) have a picnic there if the weather __________ (9) good. I __________ (10) enjoy spending time in the park.8.Which of the following sentences is correctly formed in the present continuous tense to describe an action happening right now?A. I am eats lunch right now.B. I am eating lunch right now.C. I eating lunch right now.D. I eat lunch right now.9.What is the past tense of "sing"?A. SingedB. SangC. SungD. Singing10.Choose the correct sentence:A. I like swim in the lake.B. I like to swim in the lake.C. I like swimming to the lake.D. I like swim to the lake.11.Which of the following is the correct past form of "take"?A. TookB. TakedC. TakingD. Takes12.Which sentence is in the future simple tense?A. I will go to the park tomorrow.B. I went to the park yesterday.C. I am going to the park tomorrow.D. I go to the park tomorrow.13.Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice?A. The teacher explains the lesson.B. The lesson is explained by the teacher.C. The teacher is explaining the lesson.D. The teacher will explain the lesson.14.Choose the correct preposition: “We live __________ a big house.”A. atB. onC. inD. by15.Choose the correct form of the verb: "He ______ to the park every weekend."A. goB. wentC. goingD. goes16.Which of the following sentences correctly uses the word "enough"?A. She is enough smart to solve the problem.B. She is too smart enough to solve the problem.C. She is smart enough to solve the problem.D. She enough smart to solve the problem.17.Which of the following is the correct comparative form of "good"?A. GooderB. BetterC. BestD. Goodest18.Which of the following is the correct plural form of "child"?A. ChildsB. ChildrenC. ChildesD. Childer19.Choose the correct form of the verb: "She __________ to the music now."A. listensB. listeningC. is listeningD. listen20.Which of the following sentences uses "much" correctly?A. How much apples do you want?B. How many apples do you want?C. How much apple do you want?D. How much apples you want?21.Which sentence is correct?A. They was playing soccer.B. They were playing soccer.C. They are played soccer.D. They play soccer.22.Which sentence uses the correct plural form?A. The childrens are playing outside.B. The children are playing outside.C. The child is playing outside.D. The childrens is playing outside.23.Which word is an adverb?A. QuicklyB. WalkC. HappyD. Talk24.I __________ (1) __________ (study) English for five years now. I __________ (2) __________ (take) English classes every Monday and Wednesday. I __________ (3)__________ (enjoy) learning English because I __________ (4) __________ (think) it is a useful language. Recently, I __________ (5) __________ (try) to improve my speaking skills by practicing with a language partner. I __________ (6) __________ (feel) more confident now, but I __________ (7) __________ (need) more practice. I __________ (8) __________ (hope) to become fluent in English one day.25.I __________ (learn) English for five years before I __________ (go) to the United StatesWhen I __________ (arrive) there, I __________ (feel) very nervous because I__________ (not/be) able to speak fluently.26.Which of the following sentences is in the present perfect tense?A. I have visited Paris three times.B. I visit Paris three times.C. I visited Paris last year.D. I will visit Paris next year.27.Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: I _______ to the cinema last Saturday.A. wentB. goC. will goD. am going28.If I __________ (1) __________ (know) about the event earlier, I __________ (2) __________ (join) you. But I only __________ (3) __________ (hear) about it yesterday. If I __________ (4) __________ (be) free this weekend, I __________ (5) __________ (go). However, I __________ (6) __________ (have) a family gathering, so I__________ (7) __________ (miss) it this time.st year, I __________ (1) to Paris with my parents. We __________ (2) many interesting places, such as the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre Museum. I __________ (3) a lot of photos and __________ (4) many souvenirs. We __________ (5) some delicious French food, and it __________ (6) great. On the last day, we __________ (7) a boat ride on the Seine River. I __________ (8) it was the best holiday ever.30.Which of the following sentences uses "since" correctly?A. She has been studying English since two years.B. She has been studying English since 2020.C. She has been studying English for 2020.D. She has been studying English since a long time.31.Choose the sentence that correctly uses "some" and "any".A. I don’t have some money.B. I don’t have any money.C. I have any money.D.I have some money.32.Choose the correct form of the verb: She _______ to the park every Sunday.A. goesB. goC. is goingD. going33.Which of the following sentences is in the correct future tense?A. I will going to the park tomorrow.B. I will go to the park tomorrow.C. I am going to go to the park tomorrow.D. I going to the park tomorrow.34.I __________ (never, visit) this museum before, but it __________ (be) amazingI__________ (see) many interesting exhibits, and I __________ (learn) a lot about historyIf you __________ (have) the chance, you __________ (definitely, enjoy) the experience.35.Which o f the following sentences uses “too” correctly?A. The dress is too small for me.B. The dress is small too for me.C. The dress too small is for me.D. The dress is for me too small.36.Which of the following sentences is correct?A. They are studying in the library now.B. They studying in the library now.C. They is studying in the library now.D. They are study in the library now.st summer, my family __________ (1) a trip to the beach. We __________ (2) there by car, and the journey __________ (3) about four hours. When we __________ (4) to the beach, the weather __________ (5) hot and sunny. We __________ (6) our swimming suits and __________ (7) into the sea. I __________ (8) a sandcastle, and my brother __________ (9) a beach ball. Later, we __________ (10) some ice cream and__________ (11) on the beach. It __________ (12) an unforgettable day.38.I __________ (1) (visit) my grandparents next weekend. I __________ (2) (help) them with their housework.39.Which of the following sentences uses "a" correctly?A. She has a books in her bag.B. She has a apple in her bag.C. She has a dog in her bag.D. She has a pencils in her bag.40.Which of the following sentences is in the future continuous tense?A. I will study English at 8 PM.B. I will be studying English at 8 PM.C. I am studying English at 8 PM.D. I studied English at 8 PM.41.Which of the following is the correct comparative form of "far"?A. FartherB. FurtherC. More farD. Fartherest42.Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: She __________ her homework now.A. doesB. doC. is doingD. did43.I __________ (1) to visit the museum last Saturday. It __________ (2) my first time there, and I __________ (3) a lot of interesting things. The museum __________ (4) many paintings and sculptures from famous artists. I __________ (5) a guided tour, and the guide __________ (6) me the history behind each artwork. After the tour, I__________ (7) a souvenir and __________ (8) to return next summer.44.My brother __________ (play) soccer with his friends every weekend. Last Saturday, he __________ (play) a match against another team and they __________ (win) the game. He __________ (feel) very proud of himself because it __________ (be) his first victory in a competition. He __________ (tell) me that he __________ (want) to continue playing soccer regularly.45.I ______ (study) English for three years, and I ______ (improve) a lotAt first, I______ (find) it difficult to understand, but now I ______ (be) much better at itI ______ (watch) English movies to practice listening, and I ______ (read) books in English to improve my reading skillsI believe I ______ (continue) to get better if I ______ (keep) practicing.46.What is the plural form of "goose"?A. GoosesB. GeesesC. GeeseD. Goose47.I __________ (1) __________ (study) English for three years, but I __________ (2) __________ (not speak) it very well yet. I __________ (3) __________ (hope) that I__________ (4) __________ (improve) my speaking skills this year. My teacher__________ (5) __________ (suggest) that I __________ (6) __________ (practice)every day, so I __________ (7) __________ (try) to speak English with my friends as often as possible.48.Which of the following is the opposite of "easy"?A. HardB. SimpleC. ComfortableD. Quiet49.Choose the correct form of the verb: "She _______ to school by bus every day."A. goB. goingC. goesD. gone50.We ______ (spend) the whole afternoon there and ______ (have) a wonderful time. (答案及解释)。

现代大学英语第六册paraphrase答案(整理版1-4-5-6-9-10-11)

现代大学英语第六册paraphrase答案(整理版1,4,5,6,9,10,11)Lesson 1 How to get the poor off our conscience1.Virtue is ... self-centered.By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.2....(poverty) was a product of their excessive fecundity...The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3....the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration.The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God.It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature of to human society.5. It declined in popularity, and references to its acquired a condemnatory tone.People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy, love and friendship. Therefore, when it was mentioned, it was usually the target of criticism.6....the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end; it wasonly suspended.The desire to find a way to justify the unconcern for the poor had not been abandoned, it had only been put off.7. ...only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches, flashlights, coffee makers, andtoilet seats.Government officials, on the whole, are good, it is very rare that some would pay high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks.8.This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction.It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it is not true.9.Belief can be the servant of truth---but even more of convenience.Belief can be useful in the search for truth, but more often than not it is accepted because it is convenient and self-serving.10.George Gilder... Who tells too…the cruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort...George Gilder advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great efforts to change the situation, in other words, suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hard.Lesson4 nettles1.How all my own territory would be altered, ad if a landslide had gone through it andskimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.The impact of Mike's leaving on my life was beyond my imagination. I didn't expect that Mike's leaving would have such a tremendous power that it would change the meaning of my existence completely. All my thoughts were about loss of Mike.2.During that time of life that is supposed to be a reproductive daze, with the woman'smind all swamped by maternal juices, we were still compelledto discuss Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and "The Cocktail Party".At that time, we were young mothers, and we were supposed to lead a terribly busy life full of confusion and bewilderment caused by giving birth to and raising babies. And our minds were supposed to be fully occupied by how to feed the babies and things like that. However, in the midst of all this we still felt the need to discuss some of the important thinkers of our time like Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and T.S.Eliot's sophisticated work "The Cocktail Party".3....I would be frightened, not of any hostility but of a kind of nonexistence.I would be frightened, and my fear was not caused by my neighbor's visibly hostile and violentway of life, but by a kind of formless and hidden emptiness and meaninglessness of human existence. What happened around me was totally irrelevant to me, and I felt very isolated and alienated.4.She did not ask me---was it delicacy or disapproval?---about my new life.She did not ask me about my new life, either out of subtle consideration for my feeling about this sensitive subject or out of disapproval for my new life style.5.I t would be a sleazy thing to do, in the house of his friends.It would be a morally low thing, an indecent thing to commit infidelity in the house of a friend.6.I knew now that he was a person who had hit rock bottom.I knew that he was a person who had experienced the worst in life, the hardest experience aperson might have to endure.7.He and wife knew that together and it bound them, as something like that would eitherbreak you apart or bind you, for life.They experienced the worst together and they knew what it was like and understood the meaning of that experience. Such an experience posed the gravest test to people. If they stood the test, their friendship or marriage would be strengthened, and a sacred bondage would be formed between them. but if they failed the test, their relationship would be broken and they would flow on gently and8.Not risking a thing yet staying alive as a sweet trickle, an underground resource. Withthe weight of this now stillness on it, this seal.If they acted on love, they would take risks. They wouldn't do that or go further in their relationship, but they would rather let their love remain as a sweet trickle, which would flow on gently and...Lesson 5 The One Against the Many1. ....the national rejection of dogmatic preconceptions about the nature of the social andeconomic orderThere are such prejudices in an arrogant manner about the characteristic of the social order and economic order and they take it for granted. The country just rejected such prejudice.2. Nor can one suggest that Americans have been consistently vulnerability to secular ideology ever after No one can say that Americans have never been tempted by the approach of understanding, preserving or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas.3.and any intellect so shaped was ...ever afterA mind influenced by Calvinist theology would surely find it somewhat difficult to resist otherideological temptations to ideological thinking.4. Pragmatism is no more wholly devoid...experiencePragmatism is not completely free from abstract ideas just as ideology is not completely free from experience, that is to say, abstract ideas have a place in pragmatism just as experience hasa role in ideology.5. As an ideologist, however, Jefferson....historical curiosityAs a man following a fixed set of beliefs, Jefferson is only an interesting historical figure. His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to present-day reality.6....whose central dogma is confided to the custody of an infallible priesthoodTheir central beliefs are imprisoned by the whole body of priests who are always effective. 1....where free men may find partial truths, but where ...on Absolute TruthIn this universe a person whose mind is unconstrained may be able to discover relation truths but no man on earth can claim that he has already grasped the one and only truth.2.But ideology is a drug; no matter how ...it still persists.Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic. In spite of the fact that it has been proved wrong many times by experience, people still long to commit themselves to ideology.3....the only certainty in an.....abuseThe only thing that is sure of a despotic system is the unrestricted exercise of power.10. The distinctive human triumph...lies in the capacity to understand the frailty of humanstriving ...nonethelessThe most outstanding achievement of humanity is they know that no matter how hard they try, they cannot achieve Absolute truth, yet they continue to make great efforts and refuse to give up.Lesson6 Death of a pig1. It is a tragedy enacted on most farms with ...The murder, being premeditated, is in thefirst degree...and the smoked bacon and ham provide...questionedThe tragedy has an ending---the killing of a pig and the serving of its meat. The killing deliberately planned and carried out efficiently, is the most type of murder. However, whether pigs should end their lives that way has never been questioned.2. A pig couldn't ask for anything better or none has, at any rateA pig could not ask for any better living conditions; at least no pig has ever complained. In aword, my pig lived in a pleasant environment3.You could see him down there at all hours, his white face parting ...his stethoscopedangling ...and grinning his corrosive grinFred was quite excited about the event. He was down at the pigpen all the time. Because of his swollen joints, he moved about unsteadily. His face set apart the grass along the fence as he moved about. He was like a doctor, with his long, drooping ears dangling like a stethoscope, and he scrabbled on the ground as if he were prescribing some medicine.4.When the enema bag appeared, and the bucket of warm suds, his happiness...full chargeof the irrigationWhen it was time to dose the pig, Fred became even more excited, and he managed to get through the fence, and acted as if he was taking charge of the medical treatment.5....and the premature expiration of a pig is...a sorrow in which it feels fully involvedIf a pig dies before he is supposed to, it is a serious matter for the whole community to remember. The whole community would share the sadness for his death.6.I have written this account in penitence and in grief, as a man who...and to explainmy...so many raised pigsThe purpose of this essay is to show that I am sorry for what has happened to my pig,since I have failed to raise the pig and cannot provide a reason why my pig could didn't grow the way other pigs have grown.7.The grave in the woods is unmarked, but ...and I know he and I...on flagless …ownchoosingThe pig's grave in the woods doesn't have a tombstone, but whenever somebody wants to visit it, Fred will show him the way.I know we will often visit it, separate or together, when we need to ponder over problems or when we are depressed.Lesson 9 The Bluest Eye1.Perhaps because they don’t have hometowns……and it never leaves them.This is perhaps because they only have places of birth, but no places where there feel at home and which they identify themselves with. But these girls are strongly influenced by their hometowns, and the influence stays with them forever even they leave their hometowns.2.Wherever it erupts, this Funk, they wipe it away…they find it and fight it until it dies.The brown girls try hard to repress their emotions and passions. However, these natural human emotions cannot be wiped out totally. Sometimes they will emerge and burst out. And they will develop, become stronger and stay with them. So whenever and wherever this Funk bursts out, the brown girls will do their best to stifle it.3.As long as his needs were physical, she could meet them—comfort and satiety.If these needs were physical, she could meet them. She could make him comfortable and give him enough or even more than enough to satisfy his physical needs.4.She had seen this little girl all of her life.Geraldine had seen black girls like Pecola at many places and many times in the past.5.Eyes that questioned nothing and asked everything.On the one hand, they (girls like Pecola) were ignorant and uncomprehending. They did not ask the question that why their lives were so miserable. On the other hand, as they were poverty-stricken and practically had nothing, their eyes revealed their desire for anything that could make their lives easier.6.The end of the world lay in their eyes, and the beginning, and all the waste in between.In the eyes of these girls one can see that they were in despair, without any hope for the future, and that their life was nothing but a waste.7.Th e girls grew up knowing nothing of girdles……the bills of their caps backward.As the girls were growing into young women, they had neverworn girdles to make their figure look slimmer, and thus more elegant; and when the boys grew up, they just began to wear their caps with the bills turned backward to indicate that they had become adults.Lesson 10 Notes on the English Character1.Saint George may caper on banners and……who delivers the goods.As Saint George is a hero, the person of arms, symbolizing chivalry, his image often appears on banners, and his name is often mentioned in the speeches of politicians. Saint George is used as a symbolic figure for political purposes. But John Bull is a tradesman and he delivers the goods we need in our daily life while making money at the same time.2.With its boarding-houses, its compulsory games……all proportion to itsnumbers.The English public schools have unique features. First, all boys live in boarding houses. Second, sports and games are organized and compulsory as part of the school curricular. Third, older students have special duties to help control younger students while the latter must do jobs for the former. Lastly, great emphasis is placed on good form and team spirit. These features enable the public school students to have disproportionately great influence.3.Note the word “bankrupt”……anxious to meet any liabilities.Pay attention to my use of the word “bankrupt”, a word related to business. This reveals my identity as a member of the commercial nation, who would be careful and sensible enough to avoid any risks of failing to pay their debts.4.But my friend spoke as an Oriental……but of kingly munificence andsplendor.But my friend expressed his views as a member of the Oriental countries. They are nourished by a tradition of great generosity and richness, which is different from the English tradition of middle-class prudence.5.True love in this differs from gold and clay……not to take away.In this aspect, true love is different from material things such as clay or even gold which can be divided and taken away. Yet, if we share true love, it will never diminish.6.I will now descend from that dizzy……my business of notetaking.In the above anecdote, I have become an example of the English man for the moment. That put men in a high position which makes me dizzy and its unfamiliar to me. I will now come down from that height and return to my role as your commentator on the characteristics of the English man.7.Such a combination is fruitful, and anyone who possesses it had gone a longway toward being brave.The Englishman’s nervous system acts promptly and feels slowly. The combination of the two qualities is useful, and anyone who has this combination is most likely to be brave.8.Since literature rests on national character……hidden spirits…we see.As literature is based on national character, there must be in the English nature hidden resources of passion that have produced the great romantic literature we see.9.“Oh, I’m used to Bernard Shaw; monkey tricks don’t hurt me.That kind of criticism is just like Bernard Shaw’s attacks. It is nothing new and I’m used to these tricks and jokes; they won’t do any harm to me.10.And the “tolerant humorous attitude”...bounded by the titter and the guffaw.The Englishmen think they have a tolerant and humorous attitude toward criticism.In fact it is not so, because their attitude is limited by uncomfortable laughter, which indicates that beneath the surface of their tolerant humorous attitude, they are uneasy. When they try to be humorous and brush aside criticism, they would titter and guffaw. Such uncomfortable laughter is a sign of uneasiness.11.The cats are all out of their bags, and diplomacy cannot recall them.I have already made all my opinions known to you. What is said is said, and beingdiplomatic cannot unsay what has been said.Lesson 11 Beauty1.The festival of marriage has……can see their glory.In wedding ceremony, time seems to go slowly so everybody, even a fool, could observe things clearly and see how wonderful they are.2.So I can make up my darling……in her girlhood.My daughter may feel she has missed something when she was young. If so, I wish I could make compensation to her now, before she is married.3.The glow of happiness has to cool……crystalli ze into memory.With the passing of time, you will feel a bit more detached from the happy event and then you can recall things more clearly and they will stick in your mind.4. A wedding gown will eventually grow ……seep out of the brightest day.The clothes made for the occasion of wedding, though kept in a box specially treated to repel moths, will have a moldy smell as time goes on; flowers will gradually lose their color and die and even the brightest day will grow dim.5.I feel certain that genuine bea uty……alone but out in the world.I firmly believe that true beauty is not shallow and it exists not because we think itexists but because it actually exists outside of us.6.Yet I persist in believing there is……this tingle than an evolutionary reflex.An evolutionary response cannot adequately explain why there is this physical feeling of excitement. There must be another more important reason—beauty.7.You cannot pursue the law of nature……without pumping into the beauty.If you try to study the law of nature, very soon you will encounter beauty. The study of the law of nature will inevitably lead to the discovery of beauty.8.Because the Creation puts……beauty is free and inexhaustible.Since the birth of the universe, everything in it has revealed its own wonder continuously. Unlike ordinary commodities which cost money and whose supply is limited, beauty is free and inexhaustible.9.Beauty feeds us from the same source that created us.When God created us, He also created beauty.10. I find in that infinity a profound source of meaning and hope.This close relationship makes us see life is meaningful and worth living. Human beings are exactly and wonderfully made for life on Earth. We are powerful. We can appreciate beauty. We have a bright future.。

北师大版九年级全一册《Lesson_5_The_Book_Club》2022年(有答案)同步练习卷

北师大版九年级全一册《Lesson 5 The Book Club》2022年(有答案)同步练习卷一、单项选择1. In the past few years,thousands of films _____ all over the world.()A.have producedB.have been producedC.are producingD.are being produced2. A lot of tall buildings ________ in his hometown in the last three years.()A.have set upB.have been set upC.were set upD.set up3. The boy ________ his dictionary when he came into the classroom.()A.forgotB.droppedC.leftD.fell4. May I ________ your new MP4?()A.have a look inB.have a look atC.lookingD.have look at5. ________ you tell the truth, I'll try to help you.()A.AlthoughB.ThoughC.As long asD.Why二、单词拼写We have been friends for many years. I hope our f________ will last forever.The young man is standing in the rain and his clothes are wet. Maybe he is a little bits________.A thief ________ (偷)some money and things from the shop last night.The elephant is the biggest animal on l________.Living in the city has many a________ such as good schools, big shopping centers and so on.三、翻译填空我认为年轻人应该把更多的注意力集中在工作上.I think young people should________more________their work.人们将永远记住那小女孩身处危险时的甜美微笑.(词数不限)The little girl________ forever by people for her sweet smile when she was in danger.在中国到处都有人打羽毛球.In China,badminton________everywhere.你的学习取决于你努力的程度.Your success________ how hard you work at your lessons.它们会在互联网上被其他班级看到.They________ on the Internet________ other classes.四、阅读表达The holiday is coming to us.Finally,after months of study,you have some time to yourself.So,why not read a book?Well,some people will say,"Why do you like reading books?We have Internet.It offers a lot of more colorful fun.Books arehistory!"But I am sure you can learn a lot from books than Internet.One clear reason is that a well﹣chosen book can give you a lot of wonderful words,as long as you have a good dictionary,of course.Believe me,it's far easier to get new words from a book or an article than it is from the TV or the Internet.But another more important point is that books give you something that the Internet can not.The general webpage (网页) is picture﹣heavy and the text is as easy to read as possible.While"easy"may attract (吸引) you,unluckily it's not helpful for any long﹣term development of reading skills and the general language level.Because of that,reaing on the Internet can't take the place of reading books.But perhaps the best reason is that just choosing what you read and doing it independently means that it's something you do by and for yourself.You can choose what you want to read.It's hard work,but you'll find that what once seemed like a duty is now a pleasure.(1)Does the writer advise people to read books in their holidays?________(2)What can people get from a well﹣chosen book?________(3)What's the general webpage like?________(4)How many reasons for reading a book does the writer mention in the passage?________(5)What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?________.五、阅读理解When you carry your heavy schoolbag on the way to school or home, do you know the fact that the heavy schoolbag influences your interest in learning knowledge? Don't worry. You may be able to say goodbye to your heavy schoolbag in the near future.Instead of burying(埋葬) your face in an ocean of textbooks, newspapers, magazines and novels, you will soon find that an E﹣book reader can take the place of them all.An E﹣book reader is a new kind of mini machine designed to hold thousands of text files and display them on the screen as real text printed(印刷) on a paper page.In the same way in which the iPod(a kind of MP3)has changed the way people enjoy music, E﹣book readers could change the way that books are read. Some scientists haveThe size of an E﹣book reader is the same as that of real books. Its screen is different from that of a computer. It is as thin as a piece of paper. The words on an E﹣book reader's screen look exactly the same as those on real pages. However, you can do more with an E﹣book reader than you can with a real book. The reader can change the size of the words and connect to the Internet to download new books.(1)Which of the following is TRUE about an E﹣book reader?________A. It makes us lose interest in learning knowledgeB. An E﹣book reader can display text files as clearly as real text printed on a paper pageC. An E﹣book reader is not large enough to hold thousands of text filesD. An E﹣book reader is as large as a computer.(2)What are the differences between an E﹣book and a real book?________A. An E﹣book is much thicker than a real bookB. The real book can change the size of the words, but the E﹣book reader can notC. The E﹣book reader can not download new books from the Internet, but the real book canD. A real book is not so useful as an E﹣book reader.(3)The screen of an E﹣book reader looks like________.A. an MP3playerB. a blackboardC. a piece of paperD. a tape.(4)We can infer(推断) from the passage that________.A. the heavy schoolbag is bad for students' healthB. the size of an E﹣book reader is the same as the iPodC. the screen of an E﹣book reader is as thin as a piece of paperD. E﹣books will take the place of textbooks, not newspapers, magazines or novels.参考答案与试题解析北师大版九年级全一册《Lesson 5 The Book Club》2022年(有答案)同步练习卷一、单项选择1.【答案】B【考点】现在完成时的被动语态【解析】在过去的几年里,全世界数千部电影被制作.【解答】答案:B 根据in the past few years可知,这是现在完成时的标志,所以此处应使用现在完成时态.又知thousands of films是动词produce(制作)的承受者,二者属于被动关系,所以此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为have/has been+过去分词;又知films是复数,所以此处应用have been produced.故选B.2.【答案】B【考点】现在完成时的被动语态【解析】在最近三年里小镇上建起了很多高楼.【解答】考查现在完成时的被动语态.根据题干有in the last three years,可知要用现在完成时,楼是被建起的,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,结构为have\has been done.故选:B.3.【答案】B【考点】动词辨析【解析】这个男孩当他走进教室的时候把他的字典掉在了地上.【解答】选项A:忘记,选项B:drop 表示降落,落下时,是及物动词,选项C:离开,选项D:表示落下,是不及物动词,后面不跟宾语.结合句意:这个男孩当他走进教室的时候把他的字典掉在了地上.故选:B.4.【答案】【考点】其他动词短语【解析】我可以看看你的新的MP4吗?【解答】have a look at看一看……,是固定词组,这是情态动词May引导的句子,后面动词应该是动词原形.结合句意:我可以看看你的新的MP4吗?故选:B.5.【答案】C【考点】条件状语从句【解析】只要你说实话,我会尽力帮助你的.【解答】选项A:虽然,选项B:虽然,选项C:只要,选项D:为什么,结合句意:只要你说实话,我会尽力帮助你的.故选:C.二、单词拼写【答案】riendship【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】我们是多年的朋友,我希望我们的友谊能永远持续下去.【解答】考查名词.结合语境"我们是多年的朋友,我希望我们的__能永远持续下去"及首字母提示,可知,应该是"友谊".填不可数名词.故答案是:friendship.【答案】illy【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】那个年轻人站在雨中,衣服都湿了.也许他有点傻.【解答】考查形容词.结合语境"那个年轻人站在雨中,衣服都湿了.也许他有点__"及首字母提示,可知,应该是"傻的".系表结构,填形容词silly.故答案是:silly.【答案】stole【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)昨晚一个小偷从商店偷了一些钱和东西.【解答】考查动词.结合语境"昨晚一个小偷从商店__了一些钱和东西"及首字母提示,可知,应该是"偷"steal.由last night昨晚,可知,一般过去时态,谓语动词用过去式stole.故答案是:stole.【答案】and【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】大象是陆地上最大的动物.【解答】考查名词.结合语境"大象是___上最大的动物"及首字母提示,可知,应该是"陆地".填不可数名词.故答案是:land.【答案】dvantages【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】住在城里有很多优点,比如好学校,大购物中心等等.【解答】考查名词复数.结合语境"住在城里有很多__,比如好学校,大购物中心等等"及首字母提示,可知,应该是"优点"advantage.many许多,修饰可数名词复数.故答案是:advantages.三、翻译填空【答案】concentrate/focus,on【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】首先要认真阅读英语句子,然后和汉语句子进行比对,缺失部分的部分是一个动词短语"注意力集中",根据提示选择合适的短语或词语进行填空.【解答】答案concentrate/focus on 根据"should ____more____ their work"与汉语提示对比后,可知空格处需要填的是"集中",注意力集中常用concentrate/focus on,又根据should,可知后面有填动词原形,故填concentrate/focus on.【答案】will be remembered【考点】汉译英【解析】The little girl will be remembered forever by people for her sweet smile when she was in danger.记住remember,根据句意可知,主语和动词是被动关系,要用一般将来时的被动语态,其构成为will be done.故答案为will be remembered.【答案】isplayed【考点】汉译英【解析】is played.【解答】答案:is played.这里是说客观事实用一般现在时,主语badminton是动词play的承受者,构成被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+过去分词,主语badminton是三单,故is,play的过去分词是played,故答案是is played.【答案】depends on【考点】根据提示填单词(单句)【解析】根据句意,句子中缺少一个固定短语depends on,取决于.【解答】答案:depends on.该题考查学生"短语depend on的掌握;取决于,depend on;在这里success是一个不可数名词,此句为一般现在时,后面所跟的动词应该用第三人称单数形式,即在depend的后面直接加s.故填depends on.【答案】will be seen,by【考点】汉译英【解析】They will be seen on the Internet by other classes.【解答】看到see,根据句意可知,要用一般将来时的被动语态,其构成为will be done,被某人by sb..故答案为will be seen;by.四、阅读表达【答案】Yes,Alotofwords,It's picture﹣heavy and the text is as easy to read as possible,Three,The reasons why we read a book/books【考点】人生感悟类阅读回答问题型日常生活类阅读【解析】文章大意;主要描述了在网络时代作者仍然要看纸质书,感受其中的妙趣,并从中学【解答】1题答案:Yes考查细节理解题,根据文中的第一段It offers a lot of more colorful fun.Books are history可知作者建议读书,故答案是Yes.2题答案:A lot of words考查细节理解题,根据文中的第二段One clear reason is that a well﹣chosen book can give you a lot of wonderful words可知能学一些词,故答案是A lot of words.3题答案:It's picture﹣heavy and the text is as easy to read as possible考查细节理解题,根据文中的第二段Believe me,it's far easier to get new words from a book or an article than it is from the TV or the Internet.可知相信我,从书本或文章中获取新单词比从电视或网络中获取新单词要容易得多,故答案是It's picture﹣heavy and the text is as easy to read as possible.4题答案:Three考查归纳题,根据文中的One clear reason is that a well﹣chosen book can give you a lot of wonderful words;But another more important point is that books give you something that the Internet can not;But perhaps the best reason is that just choosing what you read and doing it independently means that it's something you do by and for yourself可知是三个,故答案是Three.5题答案:The reasons why we read a book/books考查主旨题,根据文中的大意主要描述了在网络时代作者仍然要看纸质书,感受其中的妙趣,并从中学习.为什么读书,故答案是The reasons why we read a book/books.五、阅读理解【答案】BDCC【考点】科普知识类阅读【解析】短文讲了电子书阅读器将会取代课本、报纸、杂志和小说等书籍,详细的介绍了电子书阅读器的形状,大小和功能等.【解答】(1) B 细节判断题.根据第三段句子An E﹣book reader is a new kind of mini machine designed to hold thousands of text files and display them on the screen as real text printed (印刷) on a paper page.电子书阅读器是一种新型迷你机器,它被设计成能容纳数千个文本文件,并在屏幕上显示成纸页上的真实文本.可知电子书阅读器可以像在纸上打印的真实文本一样清晰地显示文本文件.故选B.(2) D 细节理解题.根据最后一段句子 However, you can do more with an E﹣book reader than you can with a real book.然而,使用电子书阅读器比使用电子书阅读器能做的更多.可知真正的书不如电子书阅读器有用.故选D.(3) C 细节理解题.根据最后一段句子 Its screen is different from that of a computer. It is as thin as a piece of paper.它的屏幕与电脑的屏幕不同.它像纸一样薄.可知电子书阅读器的屏幕看起来像一张纸.故选C.(4) C 细节推理题.根据最后一段句子 Its screen is different from that of a computer. It is as thin as a piece of paper.它的屏幕与电脑的屏幕不同.它像纸一样薄.可知从文章我们知道电子书阅读器的屏幕像纸一样薄.故选C.。

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Lesson5 The One Against The Many1在这个新生国家渴望发展的时代,回眸美国从不发达国家开始的发展历程是很有教益的。

2当然,每个国家都有各自的发展问题而且必须根据其各自的传统、能力和价值解决它们。

美国的经验在许多方面都是独特的。

这个国家有着得天独厚的优势——主要是人口相对稀少而资源十分丰富。

但是很明显,人口和资源之间有利的比例不是促进美国发展的唯一因素。

如果真是这样的话,在人口与资源比例上更有优势的印第安人,在海外殖民者到来以前,早就应该把国家发展起来了。

同样重要的还有这些殖民者在面临各种经济和社会环境的挑战的精神。

几个基本思想要素对于促进美洲大陆社会和经济迅速发展起到了至关重要的作用。

3其中一个思想因素就是对教育的深信不疑。

对人员的投入是社会资源分配的最基本方式,这信念年在美国殖民地最早期就存在。

它源于对思想原则的信仰,而不是出于对经济利益的追求;它源于对人的尊严的笃信以及由此而产生的信念,即给人们提供机会去发展其最大的潜能是社会的责任。

但与此同时,它帮助美国奠定了走向现代化的基础。

4现代化的工业社会必须首先是知识的社会。

经济历史学家把美国两个世纪发展期间2/3的经济增长归功于生产率的提高。

当然,这种生产率的提高直接来源于国家对教育和研究的投入。

JK高博瑞曾经恰当地指出:“在智力提高上提高的每一美元或卢比所带来的国家收入,都大于将其投入到铁路、水坝、机器工具,或其他有形生产资料所能带来的国家收入。

”这句话准确地叙述了美国的经验。

5促进美国发展进程的另一个思想因素是对自治和代议制的追求。

我们发现民主是使人的才智得到充分施展、人的能量得以充分发挥的最好方式。

民主思想一方面确信人的自由的重要性和创新来自个人;另一方面是懂得合作的作用,这种合作包括义务的和自发的两种。

6但所有因素当中最基本的,或许是对美国发展速度最重要的一个就是美国拒绝关于社会本质和经济规律的教条式的偏见。

幸运的是,美国不是一个观念性很强的国家。

7在我看来,意识形态体系是指人们探索去理解、维护和改变世界时所遵循的系统的、固定的信条总和。

意识形态体系与经验主义的斗争在人类历史上源远流长。

在意识形态体系与经验主义斗争的历史上,意识形态体系曾吸引了人类历史上一些聪明绝顶的人物——艾赛亚伯林先生称之为“刺猬”,即懂得一件大事的人,和“狐狸”,即知道很多小事的人。

8没有人能说美国始终如一地不受意识形态体系诱惑的影响,也就是不受以一种有序的、全面的、永恒的方式来确定国家目标的诱惑的影响。

毕竟,美国人的思维方式深受加尔文派神学的影响,这种神学是有史以来人类创造的最崇高、最令人敬畏的分析体系之一,而如此形成的思维方式一定始终容易受到世俗意识形态体系的攻击。

那些所谓“刺猬”贯穿于美国整个历史,他们企图赋予美国一个万能的信条,把美国精神转变成一系列必须遵循的主张,用一种或另一种最终规律来解释国家的传统。

9然而,大多数美国人对抽象的理性主义和僵硬的经验理论持明智的不信任态度。

我们的民族不相信一成不变的终极目标,而忠诚于发展中探求。

在她处于最佳时期时,美国可以说超越了所有的意识形态体系。

她不允许由于信仰教条的原因使现实被歪曲,使人们的实践受到束缚,使选择的范围变得十分狭小。

这种对意识形态体系的怀疑是社会创造力的首要源泉。

最重要的美国社会思想是经验主义、实践主义和实用主义。

结果,美国最显著的特点是创新和尝试。

10实用主义并不完全排斥抽象概念,就像意识形态体系不完全排斥经验一样。

当抽象概念与经验发生冲突、必须做出取舍时,区别就显现出来了。

在这一点上,实用主义者拒绝抽象概念,而意识形态主义者拒绝经验。

共和国的早期历史阐释了这种差异。

美国独立战争是在某些普遍价值指导下的实用主义的尝试。

殖民者们为独立而战所根据的是英国的公民自由和代议制政府的理想;他们起义反抗英国人是用了英国的理由。

美国独立的理想可以在伴随国家产生的权威文献当中找到表述:独立宣言、宪法以及权利法案。

11 保持理想与意识形态体系的差异是非常重要的。

理想是指一个国家长远目标以及它所追求的精神。

意识形态体系是不同的,它更系统、更详尽、更全面、更教条。

开国者托马斯杰斐逊的事例证明了这种差异。

杰斐逊既是理想的阐述者,又是意识形态体系的阐述者。

作为理想的阐述者,他仍然是一个充满活力、富于创新的人——不仅活在美国人心中,我相信也活在所有主张人的尊严和自由的人心中。

然而,作为一个意识形态主义者,他只是一个令人好奇的历史人物,他的思想过时与今天的现实无关。

作为一个意识形态主义者,比如说他相信农业是理想社会的唯一基础,小土地所有制是自由的根基,诚实的,品德高尚的耕种者是民主国家唯一可以信赖的公民,以农业为基础的经济是自由调节,因此要求最小的政府,政府管得越少越好;另一方面,自由国家的最大敌人是都市化,工业,银行业,无土地的工人阶级和所有其他的我们现在所知道现代化过程中的特点,以及能指导国家发展的强大政府。

这就是杰斐逊的意识形态体系,如果美国响应了这种思想,我们今天将是一个衰弱无能的国家。

响应了他的理想而不是意识形态体系,美国成为一个强大的现代化国家。

12 幸运的是,杰斐逊喜欢他的理想胜过他的意识形态体系。

如果发生冲突,他选择怎样对百姓有利而不是怎样符合理论条条。

说实在的,杰斐逊一生在意识形态体系上所作的努力与他的性格是相矛盾的。

他的性格特征基本上是灵活的,从经验出发的。

真正的杰斐逊不是意识形态体系的杰斐逊,而是那个曾经指出“一代人不能把他们关于公共政策和人类命运主张强加给下一代人”的杰斐逊。

13对意识形态体系的忠诚错在哪儿呢?问题是这样的,意识形态体系不是现实的描绘,它是来自现实的模式,这一模式的创造者(意识形态主义者)把现实中至关重要的某些明显特征区分出来。

也就是说,意识形态体系是来自现实的抽象概念。

抽象概念或模式本身并没有错。

事实上,没有它们,我们就不可能进行讨论。

意识形态体系的谬误是忘记了意识形态体系对现实的抽象概念,而把这种抽象概念本身当成了现实。

14简而言之,意识形态主义者不断发生的错误是他们混淆了自己整齐的模式与广阔的、汹涌的、不可预见的人类实践的现实之间的区别。

这种混淆至少有两方面恶果:让意识形态体系的信仰者犯宿命论历史观的错误;误导他们对公共政策的具体选择。

15 让我们思考一下意识形态主义者的历史观。

他们认为历史上的奥秘,可以用清晰的,绝对的,能解释过去和预测未来的社会信条来理解。

意识形态体系因此预先假定了一个封闭的世界,它的历史是确定的,它的原则是一成不变的,它的价值和目标是可以从社会信条体系中推理出来的,而这个理论体系的本质掌握在永无谬误的圣人手中。

在关于“一”和“多”的古老的哲学争论中,意识形态主义者支持“一”。

他们坚信世界作为一个整体是可以被认知的,一个单一的观点是:丰富的、永不停顿的人类生活可以简化为一个单一抽象的解释系统。

16 美国的传统发现了这种关于人类历史的观点是矛盾的、虚假的。

美国传统把世界看成“多”,而不是“一”。

威廉詹姆斯的作品以及詹姆斯称作“激进经验主义”的对待哲学问题的方法,最好地表达了这种经验主义的本能,即着重事实而不是推理,看重行动而不是教条。

詹姆斯反对认为单一的解释就能解答历史上所有的问题这样的信念,反对认为所有政治和社会问题都能在那些圣典的结论部分找到答案的主张,反对对历史宿命论的解释,反对封闭的世界。

他支持被他成为“未完成的世界”——一个以成长性、多样性、不确定性、神秘性、偶然性为特征的世界——一个自由的人们可以找到部分真理,而不是某个凡人独自掌握了绝对真理的世界;一个社会的进步不是依赖单一的学说,而是依靠自由思想不受约束的交流的世界。

17因此意识形态体系和实用主义的历史观是完全不同的。

就如同他们处理公共政策的方法完全不同一样。

意识形态主义者错把模式当成现实,总是误导关于公共决策的可能性和结果。

20世纪的历史就是意识形态体系使人类多方面误入歧途的记录。

18 让我们看一个当代的例子。

例如在是选择公有制还是选择私有制的问题上,在发展中国家占据了如此多的政治经济讨论,现在已经很清楚了,它不是宗教的原则。

它不是一个由绝对论者意见决定的道德问题,也不能被那些认为公有制是邪恶的右派,或那些认为私有制可耻的左派来决定。

它不是理论能回答的问题,只能通过经验和试验来解决。

我甚至建议在思想界和学术界的讨论中摒弃某些用滥了的词语。

这些词语不再有清晰的含义。

这些词语只能使头脑发热,而不会给人以智慧的光芒。

他们是煽动的言辞,而不是分析的话语。

19 随着混合社会的发明,实用主义战胜了绝对论。

由此,世界明白了混合经济提供了把社会控制和个人自由有机结合的手段。

但意识形态体系就像毒品:不管实践怎样揭露它,对它的渴望依然存在。

这种渴望无疑会永远存在,只要还有人渴望找到一种无所不包并能解释一切的意识形态体系。

真的,只要政治哲学的形成仍受到追根求源这种冲动支配。

20 我们曾经提到过,最古老的问题是“一”和“多”关系的问题。

我们可以确定无疑地说,我们这个时代的根本矛盾恰恰是那些想要把世界简化为“一”的人与那些认为世界是“多”的人之间的冲突——那些相信世界会朝着一个方向进化、经过单一预先设定的路线,奔着单一预设的结局的人与那些相信人类的未来就像过去一样、根据多样化的传统、价值、目标继续朝着多个方向、奔向多种结局的人之间的冲突。

简而言之,它是在教条主义和实用主义、理论社会和试验社会之间的选择。

21 意识形态主义者害怕思想的自由流动,甚至害怕在自己思想体系内偏离主流的不同思想。

他们确信他们独占真理。

因此他们总是觉得屠杀异端者是在拯救世界。

他们的追求仍然是根据他们的意识形态体系改造世界。

他们的目标是按照确定可靠的理论,建造一个铁板一块的世界——绝对的权力必然导致权力的滥用。

22 自由人的目标与此大相径庭。

自由人掌握许多具体的真理,但他们认为没有一个凡人能够掌握绝对真理。

他们宗教和理性的传统致使他们怀疑那些声称永无谬误的人。

他们认为对于一个人来说,没有比把自己当作神更荒唐的了。

他们承认人的智力是有限的,人的心灵是脆弱的,人类在判断力上是具备特色的。

他们懂得人类奋斗是存在缺憾的,但仍然奋斗不息。

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