厦门大学 厦大 2002年英语语言文学基础知识 考研真题及答案解析
厦门大学2002年招收攻读硕士学位研究生
入学考试试题
招生专业外国语言学及应用语言学_考试课程_英语语言文学基础知识研究方向外国语言学及应用语言学各方向
Part I Basic English(50%)
A.Sentence Completion:(30%)
Directions:Each of the sentences below has one or more blank spaces indicating
where a word(or words)has been omitted.Each sentence is followed by
five words or sets of words lettered from A)to E).Select the lettered
word or set of words which,when inserted to replace the blanks,best fits
in with and completes the meaning of the sentence as a whole.Do it on
the Answer Sheet.
1.His theories,though criticized by economists of more orthodox bent,have had enormous
________on government fiscal policy.
A)restraint B)impact C)acceptance D)tension E)reliance
2.Unwilling to admit that his program of tax abatement had failed to achieve its goal,the mayor
attempted to_________the attention of the electorate from the problem by________the issue with irrelevant statistics.
A)capture…complicating B)focus…confuting
C)divert…obfuscating D)remove…buttressing
E)compelling…falsifying
3.The deliberately alienated quality of his paintings is a reflection of the disconnection he sees as
experience by those whose values are derived only from________.
A)enterprise B)reading C)experience D)inspiration E)materialism
4.Although many people advocate personal sacrifice for the public good,their________often
ends at the point where the call for their personal________begins.
A)self-control…resentment B)altruism…involvement
C)intention…supplication D)participation…invocation
E)contention…dispersal
5.Her credentials for the position were________in every respect but one;she could not speak a
word of Turkish!
A)flawless B)essential C)inconsequential
D)pedestrian E)unacceptable
6.Even though he had planned carefully for almost every conceivable________,his ambitious
project wound up a dismal failure when an________power outage brought all the machinery to a complete standstill.
A)day…inevitable B)facet…insufficient
C)succession…automatic D)possibility…obsolete
E)eventuality…unanticipated
7.His attitude toward social welfare legislation,based entirely on his perception of himself as a
self-made man,________him the support of the voters in the state's economically depressed urban areas.
A)earned B)cost C)divested D)evoked E)replicated
8.Many businesses that manufacture recreational products operate profitably during periods of
________,but their inherent dependence upon a________economy becomes apparent when the economic cycle starts downward.
A)regression…mature B)inflation…planned
C)prosperity…flourishing D)stability…fluctuating
E)depression…contracting
9.Since the author frequently________other scholars,his objection to disputes is not only
irrelevant,but also________.
A)supports…overbearing B)provokes…frightening
C)quotes…curious D)ignores…peevish
E)attacks…surprising
10.There is perhaps some truth in that waggish old definition of a scholar--a siren that calls
attention to a fog without doing anything to________it.
A)describe B)cause C)analyze D)dispel E)thicken
11.The newborn human infant is not a passive figure,nor an active one,but what might be called
an actively________one,eagerly attentive as it is to sights and sounds.
A)adaptive B)selective C)inquisitive
D)receptive E)intuitive
12.Opponents of the expansion of the market economy,although in________,continued to
constitute________political force throughout the century.
A)error…an inconsequential B)retreat…a powerful
C)disarry…a disciplined D)jeopardy…an ineffective
E)command…a viable
13.Nature's energy efficiency often________human technology:despite the intensity of light
fireflies produce,the amount of heat is negligible;only recently have humans developed chemical light-producing systems whose efficiency________the firefly's system.
A)engenders…manipulates B)reflects…simulates
C)outstrips…rivals D)inhibits…matches
E)determines…reproduces
14.Scholars'sense of the uniqueness of the central concept of"the state"at the time when political
science became an academic field quite naturally led to striving for a correspondingly ________mode of study.
A)thorough B)distinctive C)dependable D)scientific E)dynamic
15.Just as astrology was for centuries________faith,countering the strength of established
churches,so today believing in astrology is an act of________the professional sciences.
A)an individual…rebellion by B)an accepted…antagonism toward
C)an underground…defiance against D)a heretical…support for
E)an unknown…concern about
16.Despite the fact that the two council members belonged to different political parties,they
________the issue of how to finance the town debt.
A)complicated B)avoided C)attested to D)reported on E)agreed on
17.The notion that cultural and biological influences________determine cross-cultural diversity
is discredited by the fact that,in countless aspects of human existence,it is cultural programming that overwhelmingly accounts for cross-population variance.
A)jointly B)completely C)directly D)equally E)eventually
18.Because medieval women's public participation in spiritual life was not welcomed by the male
establishment,a compensating________religious writings,inoffensive to the members of the establishment because of its______,became important for many women.
A)involvement with…privacy B)attention to…popularity
C)familiarity with…scarcity D)dissatisfaction with…profundity
E)resistance to…domesticity
19.Dependence on foreign sources of heavy metals,though________,remains________for
Untied States foreign policy.
A)deepening…a challenge B)diminishing…a problem
C)excessive…a dilemma D)debilitating…an embarrassment
E)unavoidable…a precedent
20.Although his attempts to appear psychotic were so________as to be almost________,there
is evidence that Ezra Pound was able to avoid standing trial for treason merely by faking symptoms of mental illness.
A)spontaneous…amusing B)contrived…believable
C)clumsy…ludicrous D)stylized…distressing
E)sporadic…premeditated
21.The________questions that consistently structure the study of history must be distinguished
from merely________questions,which have their day and then pass into oblivion.
A)recurrent…practical B)instinctive…factual
C)ingrained…discriminating D)philosophical…random
E)recurring…short-lived
22.Despite the apparently bewildering complexity of this procedure,the underlying________is
quite________.
A)simplicity…calculated B)principle…elementary
C)confusion…imaginary D)purpose…effective
E)theory…modern
23.In television programming,a later viewing time often________a more________audience
and,therefore,more challenging subjects and themes.
A)requires…critical B)shows…affluent
C)implies…mature D)eliminates…realistic
E)invites…general
24.The cultivation of the emotion of natsukashii,interpretable as"pleasant sorrow,"brings
Japanese to Kyoto in the spring,not to________the cherry blossoms in full bloom but to ________the fading,falling flowers.
A)mourn…exclaim over B)honor…protect
C)describe…rejoice over D)arrange…preserve
E)enjoy…grieve over
25.Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations is still worth reading,more to appreciate the current
________of Smith's valid contributions to economics than to see those contributions as the ________of present-day economics.
A)disregard…outgrowths B)reaffirmation…concerns
C)relevance…precursors D)acceptance…byproducts
E)importance…vestiges
26.At several points in his discussion,Graves,in effect,________evidence when it does not
support his argument,tailoring it to his needs.
A)addresses B)creates C)alters D)suppresses E)substitutes
27.Regardless of what________theories of politics may propound,there is nothing that requires
daily politics to be clear,thorough,and consistent--nothing,that is,that requires reality to conform to theory.
A)vague B)assertive C)casual D)vicious E)tidy
28.Exposure to sustained noise has been claimed to________blood pressure regulation in human
being and,particularly,to increase hypertension,even though some researchers have obtained inconclusive results that________the relationship.
A)sharpen…conflate B)increase…diminish
C)aggravate…buttress D)disrupt…neutralize
E)impair…obscure
29.After a slow sales start early in the year,mobile homes have been gaining favor as________
to increasingly expensive conventional housing.
A)a reaction B)an addition C)an introduction
D)an alternative E)a challenge
30.Just as such apparently basic things as rocks,clouds,and clams are,in fact,intricately
structured entities,so the self,too,is not an"elementary particle,"but is________ construction.
A)a complicated B)a convoluted C)a distorted D)an amorphous E)an illusory
B.Cloze:(10%)
Directions:Fill in the blanks with a single word each.Do it on the Answer Sheet.
The majority of(1)are content to confine their activities to members of the family, colleagues at work or(2).The most popular type of joke is one that leads the victim into a totally(3)course of action,(4)making a long and pointless journey.There are more (5)individuals,however,who pull off spectacular hoaxes on a much larger(6).
One of the most famous British(7)was staged in1910by a group of six young people from Cambridge.Their aim was(8)the commander and crew of H.M.S.(Her Majesty's Ship) Dreadnought that they were the(9)of Abyssinia and his entourage.First,they sent a(10), supposedly from the Foreign Office,to the ship's commander.In it they announced that the party would(11)by train early that afternoon and asked him to make the necessary(12)to welcome them.
When the party arrived,they were given a marvelous(13),including a red carpet at the station and a pipe band aboard the(14).The Emperor then inspected the warship and its personnel.During the(15),different members played different parts.(16)was a foreign office guide;another an interpreter who had(17)a few words from a Swahili phrase book.
Needless to say,the victims were(18)when the hoax was revealed,and some officers even(19)the group leader with physical violence.Parliament was none too pleased, (20)!
1. A.clowns B.jokers https://www.360docs.net/doc/3c13397121.html,edians D.clients
2. A.superior B.strangers C.fellow students D.new acquaintances
3. https://www.360docs.net/doc/3c13397121.html,plicated B.strenuous C.voluntary D.unnecessary
4. A.for example B.like C.except D.such as
5. A.daring B.timid C.scrupulous D.exacting
6. A.side B.period C.scale D.view
7. A.plays B.hoaxes C.journeys D.traditions
8. A.in convincing B.convinced C.convinces D.to convince
9. A.Emperor B.ruler C.Queen D.representatives
10. A.phone call B.telegram C.gift D.declaration
11. A.arrive B.depart C.take off D.carry
12. A.schemes B.amendments C.arrangements D.details
13. A.conference B.performance C.appreciation D.reception
14. A.plane B.ship C.stage D.train
15. A.tour B.recess C.negotiation D.rehearsal
16. A.there B.Some C.One D.It
17. A.included B.learned C.imitated D.regarded
18. A.furious B.delighted C.amused D.reflective
19. A.demanded B.appealed C.conducted D.threatened
20. A.too B.neither C.either D.though
C..Error identification and correction(10%)
Directions:Directions:In the following passage there are10mistakes in
each underlined sentence.Identify them and correct them in the
answer sheet.
What makes societies innovate?Genius and talent seem to know few national borders,(1)and yet some counties clearly do well at invention and innovation than others.Why is this?Some countries nourish a climate that consistently encourages the new,the practical and the useful.The United States shines here.(2)In other cases, circumstances—reduce bursts of invention and enthusiasm of new technology.Japan is the classic example.
(3)Innovation—putting new ideas and technologies on practical use--differs from pure discovery and invention.(4)The United States,as the world’s most innovative and technologically advanced society,has hardly monopolized critical discoveries or inventions.(5)Until World War II,the most great science was done in Europe:from Issac Newton’s to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.Major breakthrough in technology also often originated in Europe.(6)The radio,for instance,was discovered by an Italian Guglielmo Marconi in1895.
Why does the West now dominate invention and innovation?(7)The secret lays in a belief that science and technology matter for national power,economic growth and human well-being.This is a product of the Renaissance that,until recently,didn’t have much place in Asian or African societies.Japan was the first Asian nation to adopt the Western faith.(8)Having(like China)isolated itself,Japan was stunned by arrival of US warships in1853with superior weapons.Rather than remain vulnerable, the Japanese went to the West in search of new technologies and methods.By1950 the Japanese had caught up so well that they humbled the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War.
Now the faith is https://www.360docs.net/doc/3c13397121.html,ernments and industries across the world are spending billions on research and development.(9)Any country or company is likely to thrive unless it constantly innovates.(10)Who gets complacent and loses drive and imagination will be left behind.
Part II Linguistic and literature(50%)
A.Directions:Answer the following linguistic questions in separate blank answer sheets
provided at your test center.(20%)
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3c13397121.html,nguage testing can be classified into these five categories based on different purposes:
aptitude test,placement test,diagnostic test,achievement test and proficiency test.Write an essay about the aims of these tests and give examples if you can.(5%)
2.Give a brief description of the history of English language.(5%)
3.What is the relationship between language and culture?(Examples are needed to support you
idea.)(5%)
4.What does linguistics mainly cover?(5%)
B.Literature and Discourse(30%)
Directions:Write down your answers to the questions in this part of the test in separate blank answer sheets provided at your test center.
a)Answer THREE of the following questions.Each of your answer should be at least in80
words.(7%each)
1.How do you think of Shakespeare’s position in the history of English
literature?
2.How do you think of Hemingway’s world and his attitude towards life?
3.Why Marx praised the English critical realists of the19th century as“the
present brilliant school of novelists in England”?
4.How do you think of the creative features and social significance of Joseph
Conrad’s novels?
5.What do you know about text,context and discourse?
b)Briefly explain THREE of the following literary terms.(3%each)
1.stream of consciousness
2.point of view
3.narrator
4.modernism
5.black humor
Answer Sheet
Name:_____________Registration No.______________Score:___________ Part I Basic English(50%)
A.Sentence Completion(30%)
1.[A][B][C][D][E]16.[A][B][C][D][E]
2.[A][B][C][D][E]17.[A][B][C][D][E]
3.[A][B][C][D][E]18.[A][B][C][D][E]
4.[A][B][C][D][E]19.[A][B][C][D][E]
5.[A][B][C][D][E]20.[A][B][C][D][E]
6.[A][B][C][D][E]21.[A][B][C][D][E]
7.[A][B][C][D][E]22.[A][B][C][D][E]
8.[A][B][C][D][E]23.[A][B][C][D][E]
9.[A][B][C][D][E]24.[A][B][C][D][E]
10.[A][B][C][D][E]25.[A][B][C][D][E]
11.[A][B][C][D][E]26.[A][B][C][D][E]
12.[A][B][C][D][E]27.[A][B][C][D][E]
13.[A][B][C][D][E]28.[A][B][C][D][E]
14.[A][B][C][D][E]29.[A][B][C][D][E]
15.[A][B][C][D][E]30.[A][B][C][D][E]
B.Cloze:(10%)
1.[A][B][C][D][E]11.[A][B][C][D][E]
2.[A][B][C][D][E]12.[A][B][C][D][E]
3.[A][B][C][D][E]13.[A][B][C][D][E]
4.[A][B][C][D][E]14.[A][B][C][D][E]
5.[A][B][C][D][E]15[A][B][C][D][E]
6.[A][B][C][D][E]16.[A][B][C][D][E]
7.[A][B][C][D][E]17.[A][B][C][D][E]
8.[A][B][C][D][E]18.[A][B][C][D][E]
9.[A][B][C][D][E]19.[A][B][C][D][E]
10.[A][B][C][D][E]20.[A][B][C][D][E]
C..Error identification and correction(10%)
1______________6______________
2______________7______________
3______________8______________
4______________9______________
5______________10______________
北京航空航天大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题
北京航空航天大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题 考生注意：所有答题务必写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。 I. Vocabulary and Structure(40points,1*40) Part 1 Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter. 1. “The giant was bit” is a tautological statement, to say the least. A. tight B. redundant C. illogical D. relative 2. There is an embargo on any more video games coming into the house. A. landing place B. prohibition C. violation D. permission 3. Youngsters are usually more impetuous than old people. A. impatient B. immature C. impulsive D. imperial 4. U nfortunately, I’ll spend the weekend doing a bunch of prosaic chores. A .dull B. practical C. trivial D. rhyming 5. The crowd at the town meeting found the mayor’s assurance too glib. A. sarcastic B. flashy C. malicious D. readily fluent 6. Gazing at the crystalline lake, I decided it was too beautiful to swim in. A. breakable B. futuristic C. delicate D. sparkling 7. We cannot vacillate on the question of the party’s leadership. A. lead B. doubt C. check D. repeat 8. It is more difficult for a chronic smoker to give up the habit than for a novice, but it can be done. A. affluent B. confirmed C. disciplined D. indecisive 9. They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another company A. headhunted B. punched C. plundered D. probed 10. The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were unreadable. A. indelible B. inscrutable C. illegible D. illegitimate 11. She bristled at the suggestion that she had been dishonest. A. bridled B. bridged C. breathed D. boasted 12. Investors should study a prospectus before putting money into a big company. A. positive outlook B. banking agreement C. profit-and-loss statement D. formal business document 13 .The real hero is never ostentatious. A. frivolous B. pretentious C. presumptuous D. ponderous 14. If you have never held a driving license before, you should apply for a provisional license. A. providential B. temporary C. provincial D. improvised 15. John Smith is a voracious book collector. A. vicious B. luxurious C. insatiable D. valuable 16. I don’t think we should make precipitate decisions. A .precipitous B. precocious C. precarious D. precautious 17. You need an excursion to break the monotony. A. gaunt B. jaunt C. vaunt D. taunt 18. The government appears in a quandary about what to do with so many people. A. border B. marshy ground C. dilemma D. situation 19. It was an auspicious beginning to her career as an author. A. unexpected B. interesting C. favorable D. doubtful
英语专业考研基础英语改错高分特训500句+100篇(第1~2章)【圣才出品】
英语专业考研基础英语改错高分特训500句＋100篇 第1章改错题技巧指南 对于绝大多数报考英语专业的考生而言，“基础英语”是全国各院校英语专业研究生入学考试必考的科目。一般来说，报考英语专业研究生的考核科目为：政治（分值100分）、第二外语（分值100分）、基础英语（分值150分）以及专业课（包括英美文学、语言学与应用语言学、翻译理论及实践等）（分值150分）。 需要说明的是，有些院校对此科目的考试名称有所不同：例如北京大学称之为“专业能力”，上海外国语大学称之为“英语综合”，北京外国语大学称之为“英语基础测试（技能）”，上海交通大学、广东外语外贸大学等称之为“英语水平考试”，四川大学称之为“英语专业基础”，山东大学称之为“实践英语”。上述院校的科目名称和大多数院校所用的“基础英语”名称虽有差别，但实质是一样的，都是由各学校自主命题、考核英语专业考生基本功底的考试科目。 1.1出题形式 “基础英语”的改错题主要考查考生运用语法、词汇、修辞等语言知识，识别所给短文或句子的语病并改正的能力。 出题形式主要有以下几种： ①给出一篇250词左右的短文，共10处标记，可能有错误也可能完全正确，要求考生根据“增添”、“删除”或“改变其中的某一单词或短语”三种方法中的一种改正语误。
②给出一篇短文，没有标记，要求考生删除10处多余的词，不一定每行文字都有错误，也不一定1行文字只有1处错误。 ③给出一篇短文，没有标记，要求考生根据“增添”、“删除”或“改变其中的某一单词或短语”三种方法中的一种改正语误。不一定每行文字都有错误，也不一定1行文字只有1处错误。 ④给出的为一个单句，句子中有四处标有下划线，要求考生选出有错误的一项。如： Tokyo Bay shook as if huge rug had been pulled from under it. A B C D ⑤给出的为一个单句，要求考生在错误处加下划线，并根据“增添”、“删除”或“改变其中的某一单词或短语”三种方法中的一种改正语误。 1.2常考错误类型 一、词法错误 词法错误主要包括了名词、动词、代词、冠词、介词、形容词副词的使用错误等，主要考察考生对常用词汇的词性、含义、用法的掌握。 （一）名词 改错中涉及到名词的错误主要有以下几类：名词“近义词”（形近或意近）、名词的单复数、可数名词与不可数名词、名词与动词、与形容词等词类的转换等。 1.名词近义词 英语中有许多拼写或读音相似甚至相同的词语，考生在平日学习时应注意这类词语的区分。
2012年厦门大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年厦门大学考博英语真题及详解 科目代码：1101 科目名称：英语 考生须知：所有答案（包括选择题、填空题)均必须写在答题纸：在试题纸上作答的内容均不予评阅、判分，后果考生自负。 Part I.Vocabulary and Structure(15%) Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1.The weather wasn’t favorable and both teams had to______icy rain and a strong wind during the match. A.pin down B.get stuck in C.take control of D.contend with 【答案】D 【解析】句意：天气不太好，比赛过程中两支球队还不得不应对冰冷的雨水和狂风。contend with对付；与…作斗争。pin down确定；使受约束；阻止。get stuck in陷入了…；加紧进行。take control of控制。 2.People planning to travel by car to North Dakota in the winter are advised to______their cars with snow tires and warm clothing. A.install B.purchase C.provide D.equip 【答案】D 【解析】句意：计划冬季开车去北达科他州旅行的人们应当给车安雪地轮胎并备上保暖衣物。equip…with为惯用搭配，意为“装备；以…装备”。install安装；任命；安顿。
太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案
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2018厦门大学考博英语作文范文带译文 导读：本文2018厦门大学考博英语作文范文带译文，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 厦门大学(2013) Directions: You are asked to write an essay on the following topic: Many universities and colleges offer qualification: through some sort of distance learning using the Internet, rather than by face-to-face contact in a classroom. In your opinion, do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages of learning in this way? You should write at least 250 words. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 【参考范文】 Online Learning Never Outweigh Face-to-face Learning With the development of internet technology, many educational institutions including some colleges and universities begin to provide online course for those who cannot or are not willing to attend the class. Undoubtedly, it is very convenient for people, especially those in remote areas to learn knowledge. They neither need to move into the same
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2012.12.8 研究生基础英语试卷
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