英语专业考研基础英语练习题(二)
考研英语基础测试卷2
考研英语怎么复习？在考研复习中，复习资料的选择至关重要。
中公考研辅导老师为考生整理了【考研英语知识点讲解和习题】，同时可以为大家提供名师考研英语视频、考研英语复习资料、考研英语真题和考研英语辅导等，助您冲击名校！考研英语能力评估试卷考试时间：180分钟考生姓名：Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Chinese computer maker Lenovo, which bought IBM’s ThinkPad in 2004, wasn’t the first Chinese company to __1___ a big foreign brand, but it’s still considered the __2___. That’s probably ___3__ China’s other forays into（尝试）buying foreign brands have ended in disaster.A (An) ____4_ by a private Chinese company to __5___ a once-dominant U.S. lawn mower company, ended in bankruptcy because, among other mistakes, the Chinese firm didn’t realize that Americans __6___ buy mowers mostly in the spring.___7__ Lenovo’s move was portrayed by many in the West___8__ a sign of China’s rise, Lenovo acted out of desperation, said Yang Yuanqing. Lenovo was losing market share in China. Its technology was middling. It had no __9___ to foreign markets. Lenovo’s American competitors __10___ anti-Chinese flames in Congress, __11___ that Lenovo could __12___ spyware into the computers it was selling to the U.S. government.Lenovo __13___ by following the lead of an increasing number of Chinese firms: returning toits roots. Yuan Yuanqing was reappointed its chief executive and focused Lenovo __14___ the company’s one bright spot: the China market. Sales _15____, despite lackluster performance overseas. Lenovo might not have much of a brand overseas, __16___ its association with a foreign firm has helped it in China. Lenovo’s computers_17____ command twice the price in China that they __18___ in the United States. Chinese officials pushing the going-out strategy have looked at Lenovo as a __19___ for Chinese firms seeking to become known multinational brands. But for China’s companies, going out might be the _20____ to staying alive at home.1. A. demand B. require C. acquire D. request2. A. pioneer B. successor C. loser D. marker3.A. because B since C. why D. how4. A. test B. experiment C. trial D. move5. A. take in B. take off C. take over D. take out6. A. tend to B. must C. ought to D. likely to7. A. Although B. If C. When D. What8. A. for B. on C. as D. like9. A. available B. access C. option D. choice10. A. aggravate B. mitigate C. deteriorate D. fan11. A. charging B. accusing C. insulating D. asserting12. A. insert B. uninstall C. fix D. delete13. A. respond B. behave C. answer D. conduct14. A. for B. as C. on D. at15. A. decreased B. slumped C. skyrocketed D. raised16. A. and B. in addition C. but D. furthermore17. A. routinely B. in all C. above all D. after all18. A. are B. do C. be D. have19. A. model B. image C. prototype D. duplicate20. A. way B. choice C. best D. secretSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1This summer a made-for-TV movie about a tornado carrying man-eating sharks was a surprise hit in America. The unreasonable plot of “Sharknado” may strike a chord with media bosses who have watched the internet destroy their business over the past decade. Newspapers have lost readers and advertising to the internet. Book and music shops have closed for good. Sales of DVDs and CDs have decreased. The television industry has so far resisted big disruption but that has not stopped doomsayers predicting a flight of advertising and viewers.In 2008 Jeff Zucker, then the president of NBCUniversal, a big entertainment group, felt great sorrow over the trend of “trading analogue dollars for digital pennies”. But those pennies are starting to add up. And even Mr Zucker, now boss of CNN Worldwide, a TV news channel, has changed his tune. Old media is “well, well beyond digital pennies,” he says. What has changed his mind? The surge in smartphones, tablet computers and broadband speeds has encouraged more people to pay for content they can carry around with them. According to eMarketer, a research firm, this year Americans will spend more time online or using computerised media than watch ing television. “All-access” services, such as Netflix (for film and TV) or Spotify (for music), which give unlimited content on mobile devices for a monthly fee, are prompting people to spend more on digital products.After years of havoc, the internet is helping media companies to grow. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), a professional-services firm, reckons that revenues for online media and entertainment will increase by around 13% a year for the next five years. Even in music, which took the biggest hit from the internet, downloads are something to sing about. For the first time in over a decade global music-industry revenues grew last year, by about 0.2%,according to the IFPI, a trade group. Online sales just about made up for the drop in physical ones for the first time. Subscription services, such as Spotify and Deezer, let people stream songs over the internet either for a subscription or free with adverts. Online radio is also growing. On-demand and radio streaming services raked in abo ut $1 billion, 15% of the industry’s revenues in America in 2012.The fear that streaming would influence downloads is seemingly misplaced. Tiny sums—ten plays bring in around four cents for on-demand streaming and much less for radio—are adding up as more people try out the services, and listen to their favourite songs repeatedly. Mobile-phone companies offering subscriptions with bundled music services, like Vodafone in Britain with Spotify, will help to boost payouts. “Streaming is a good business that w ill eventually become a really big business,” says Troy Carter, Lady Gaga’s manager. There is also evidence that streaming could reduce piracy, by offering a cheap, legal and convenient way to listen to music.21. Why the author mentioned the made-for-TV movie about a tornado in the first paragraph?A. Because the movie caused a surprise hit in America.B. Because the author loved it very much.C. Because the unreasonable plot of “Sharknado” struck a chord with media bosses.D. Because media companies took a battering from the internet which was irrational just like the plot of the movie.22. Why did Mr. Zucker chang his mind?A. Because he felt sorrow at the trend of “trading analogue dollars for digital pennies”.B. Because old media could only bring a few pennies.C. Because people were encouraged to spend more on digital products.D. Because he was promoted from the president of NBC Universal to the boss of CNN Worldwide.23. The word “havoc” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _____.A. damageB. growthC. hard workD. preparation24. What is the attitude of the author towards streaming?A. SupportiveB. SkepticalC. ImpartialD. Biased25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Digital Media: Counting The changeB. Streaming --- A Good BusinessC. Old Media Is in DangerD. Digital PenniesText 2Long before the Asian tsunami struck, the science community predicted the particular region of Indonesia to be hit by the next big earthquake; and the engineering and technology community had developed early warning systems costing only $ 30 million. But no government in the region heeded the warnings and no early warning systems were in place. According to Sir David King，the Government’s chief scientific adviser, 100 000 victims of the tsunami might still be alive today if the advance warnings had been heeded.Today’s technology community is a triumph of international collaboration where engineers and scientists combine to develop solutions to our biggest problems. Of course, technology can not stop natural disasters but it can mitigate their impact. We are able to identify the birds affected by avian flu. We can chart their migration patterns around the world. We have the means to pursue vaccines. And we have the communication channels to keep people informed.Hailing the virtues of technology is not to pretend technology is perfect in every regard. Far from it. The extravagant and unsustainable use of technology in energy and transport has contributed to climate change. But that does not mean technology has failed us. We must never lose sight of the fact that technology itself will deliver the solutions to the very problems it can create. If we can’t，technology will remain sidelined and undervalued, and this major social failure will progressively disadvantage us all.Governments are not alone in ignoring the views of their scientific community；the public too has its doubts. In my view，part of the reason for this lack of confidence must be caused by our own failure to engage them in a meaningful way about their concerns. Trust is a two-way street. Instead of claiming that everything would be rosy in the scientific garden，we，in the science community，must work hard to explore concerns，discover fears and go into the depths of public perceptions.We are getting there. There is a growing realization that effective public engagement is of far greater value than banging the “public understanding” drum. Last year，for example，the Royal Academy of Engineering，in partnership with the Royal Society，produced a major report on nanotechnology. We looked at the environmental，health and safety，ethical and social implications. We worked with representatives of all the key stakeholders and disciplines，people who approached the topic from a variety of angles. And I believe the product of our work was significantly enhanced as a result of this broad，inclusive approach.26. The author begins his article with the Asian tsunami struck toA. criticize the backward technology of Indonesia.B. warn of the heavy cost of ignoring technology.C. prove the accuracy of the scientists’ predictions.D. highlight the importance of buying warning systems.27. The word “mitigate”(Line 3,Paragraph 2) is closet in meaning toA. aggravateB. identifyC. alleviateD. remove28. The reason why the public is losing confidence in science is thatA. they are not involved in what they are concerned with.B. technology has brought insolvable problems to the mankind.C. they don’t care about wha t scientists do to the nature.D. scientists are well aware of the public doubts.29. What is the author’s attitude towards technology?A. BiasedB. IndifferentC. CriticalD. Approving30. The author believes that，in the face of public ignorance，science community shouldA. gain more understanding from the public.B. let the public participate effectivelyC. feel no shame for their cause.D. str ive to change people’s attit ude.Text 3Over a century ago, Alfred Russell Wallace wrote that “we lived in a zoologically impoverished world, from which all of the hugest, and fiercest, and strangest forms have recently disappeared... ”.Researchers seeking to explain this “marvelous fact”, as Wallace called it, fall into two camps, one invoking global climatic change and the other human hunting as the cause. Over the past few decades, the debate has become deadlocked, in part because most researchers have focused their attention on the America and northern Eurasia, where the extinction of huge, fierce, and strange creatures occurred between 12500 and about 11000 years ago. This was a time of rapid climatic change, but it was also when humans first arrived in these regions, making it difficult to discern causality.Australia provides the only separate, continent-sized natural laboratory in which dramatic Quaternary extinctions occurred. It is thus of exceptional importance as a testing ground for extinction theories, but until now problems with dating have limited its potential. Some people have now documented the extinction of the gigantic Australian bird Genyornis and so have broken new ground in dating megafaunal extinction in Australia. At the same time, these authors have broken the current deadlock in the great megafaunal extinction debate.It has long been appreciated that the intensity of Quaternary extinctions varied greatly around the world. In the oceans, Africa, and the Southeast Asia, they were nonexistent or mild.Europe experienced moderate extinction rates, whereas the America, Australia, Madagascar, and many Oceanic islands suffered dramatic extinctions. North America lost 73% of all genera weighing more than 44 kg, but Australia suffered the most severely of all the continents, losing every terrestrial vertebrate species larger than a human, as well as many smaller mammals, reptiles, and flightless birds, the latter down to about a kilogram in weight. In all, about 60 vertebrate species were lostEstablishing just when this bizarre array of creatures last trod Australia’s outb ack has been a tortuous business, with many false leads and sites that are difficult to interpret. For decades, it was believed that the megafauna survived until close to the time of the glacial maximum, some 20000 years ago, when temperatures were up to 9℃cooler than at present and the continent was extremely arid. Conditions were so extreme that trees virtually disappeared from the inland, and 40% of Australia was transformed into a vast active dune field.31. The primary purpose of the text is to_____.A. analyze the possible cause of Quaternary extinctions.B. compare the intensity of magafaunal extinctions between different continents.C. demonstrate the most destructive agent in the extinction of species.D. describe the strange phenomenon of Quaternary extinctions.32. The direct reason for the megafaunal extinction in America and northern Eurasia is_____.A. human huntingB. climate changeC. impoverished landD. in dispute33. The basic problem of extinction research about Australia lies in_____.A. little convincing archeological evidence.B. limited variety of gigantic creatures.C. determining the date when dramatic extinction occurs.D. difficulty to discern casualties.34. To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?A. Australia lost every terrestrial vertebrate species in Quaternary extinctions.B. The globe was close to glacial maximum some 20,000 years ago.C. Australia is an ideal natural laboratory to test extinction theoryD. Human beings survived Quaternary extinctions in Australia.35. The word “bizarre” (Line1, Paragraph4) probably means_____.A. unusual or strangeB. marvelous or supernaturalC. dramatic or powerfulD. vast or giganticText 4The topic of cloning has been a politically and ethically controversial one since its very beginning. While the moral and philosophical aspects of the issues are entirely up to the interpretation of the individual, the application of cloning technology can be studied objectively. Many in the scientific community advocate the use of cloning for the preservation and support of endangered species of animals, which aside from cloning, have no other practical hope for avoiding extinction.The goal of the use of cloning to avoid extinction is the reintroduction of new genes into the gene pool of species with few survivors, ensuring the maintenance and expansion of genetic diversity. Likely candidates for this technique are species known to have very few surviving members, such as the African Bongo Antelope, the Sumatran Tiger, and the Chinese Giant Panda. In the case of Giant Panda, some artificial techniques for creating offspring have already been performed, perhaps paving the way for cloning as the next step in the process.With the estimated population of only about 1000 Giant Pandas left in the world, the urgency of the situation has led to desperate measures. One panda was born through the technique of artificial insemination in the San Diego Zoo in the United States. “Hua Mei” was born in 1999 after her parents, Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, had trouble conceiving naturally.The plan to increase the Giant Panda population through the use of cloning involves the use of a species related to the Giant Panda, the American Black Bear. Egg cells will be removed from female black bears and then fertilized with Panda cells such as those from Ling-Ling or Hsing-Hsing. The fertilized embryo will then re-implanted into the black bear, where it will growand mature, until a new panda is delivered from the black bear host.Critics of cloning technology argue that the emphasis on cloning as a method by which to preserve species will draw funding away from other methods, such as habitat preservation and conservation. Proponents of cloning counter that many countries in which many endangered species exist are too poor to protect and maintain the species' habitats anyway, making cloning technology the only practical way to ensure that those species survive to future generations. The issue is still hotly debated, as both sides weigh the benefits that could be achieved against the risks and ethical concerns that constantly accompany any argument on the issue.36. According to the passage, what is the attitude of the author towards cloning?A. SupportiveB. SkepticalC. ImpartialD. Biased37. The author mentions “Hua Mei” in Paragraph 3 in order to_____.A. show the necessity of cloning to the survival of some species.B. show artificial techniques for creating offspring have succeededC. show the urgency of the situation that panda facesD. show cloning is of great significance38. According to Paragraph 4, the best candidate for cloning would be_____.A. endangered species with many living related speciesB. the giant panda and the American black bearC. those for which cloning is the only way to preserve themD. those to which artificial techniques have been successfully applied39. The main purpose of the last paragraph is to_____.A. provide other information to the evaluation of cloning as a preservation technique.B. show the author’s objective attitude towards cloningC. raise one issue for readers to considerD. display both sides’ arguments in cloning40. Which of the following sentence would the author most likely agree with?A. Cloning will draw funding away from other preservation methods.B. Since cloning has been a controversial issue, we should give it up for ever and develop othermethods to preserve the endangered species.C. Cloning could help avoid extinction, so we should support it regardless of the outcome.D. Cloning should be taken seriously and objectively so as to help species avoid extinctionPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)(41) He is one of the truly great war correspondents, a monumental figure who reported from Afghanistan（阿富汗）for 20 years and won almost every literary prize offered in Italy; he is a writer whose description of his country’s troubled history subverts both official versions. They are some of the most important voices in the world today, honored intellectuals in their own countries. In the English-speaking world, in fact, major publishing houses are inexplicably resistant to any kind of translated material at all.The statistics are shocking in this age of so-called globalization.(42) In the United States and Britain, only 2 to 3 percent of books published each year are translations, compared with almost 35 percent in Latin America and Western Europe. But this is no mere national embarrassment. The dearth of translated literature in the English-speaking world represents a new kind of iron curtain we have constructed around ourselves.(43) We are choosing to block off access to the writing of a large and significant portion of the world, including movements and societies whose potentially dreadful political impact on us is made even more menacing by our general lack of familiarity with them.Publishers have their excuses, of course.(44) This is nothing but a publishing shibboleth（陈词滥调）that leads to a chicken-and-egg conundrum.: Is a limited readership for translations the reason why so few are published in the English world? Or is that readership limited because English-language publishers provide their readers with so few translations? Certainly, the number of readers of literature--in any language-is on the decline, and serious, dedicated editors face real difficulties bringing good books to the marketplace. But that is not the fault of translation. (45)On the contrary, we need to ask what we forfeit（丧失）as readers and as a society if we lose accessto translated literature by voluntarily reducing its presence in our community or quietly standing by as it is drastically and arbitrarily curtailed.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:The 60th anniversary of the founding of Capital Normal University (CNU) will fall on the next Saturday. Please write an invitation letter of about 100 words to alumnus（校友）.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Capital Normal University” instead.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1）describe the drawing briefly,2）interpret its intended meaning, and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)在紧张的复习中，中公考研提醒您一定要充分利用备考资料和真题，并且持之以恒，最后一定可以赢得胜利。
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题含答案解析
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题含答案解析2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person wont be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifits doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other life changes also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.Its important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be abletomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like youre alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognize when yourefeeling like its all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when youre _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-minded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretful20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Text 1Anger over AIs role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technologys future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,arguesthat the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,saysCoyle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing the benefits—if theyre just seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."Were talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in theUnited States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor aboutone-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographicaldisparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce peoples workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys relianceon timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UKs wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic woodsupply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUKs net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernments inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodpetition among traders at homeD.wood producersmotive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmersunwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physiciansadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a fewconsider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."Theres not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If were going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But thats a very shortsightedview,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,dont respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And its a reminder that theEPAs involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,arent thinking about next years blue erab harvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.Itsworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its usershealth information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hopingto bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopefuls extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended period of time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in aschool-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they re going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet programassistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Studentsdetermination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmersmarkets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmersmarkets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the areas agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味，摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，人们友好地聊天，农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。
考研英语二试题及答案
考研英语二试题及答案考研英语二模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) At a bookstore.B) At a library.C) At a lecture hall.D) At a post office.M: Excuse me, could you tell me where I can find the latest issue of "The Economist"?F: Sure, they are just over there, next to the travel guides.Question: Where does this conversation most probably take place?2. A) He is too busy to attend the meeting.B) He has already read the report.C) He is not interested in the meeting.D) He has no idea about the report.M: I can't make it to the meeting this afternoon.F: Is it because you've already gone through the annual report?Question: Why can't the man attend the meeting?...8. A) She will help the man with his research.B) She is too busy to talk.C) She is not familiar with the topic.D) She will meet the man later.M: I'm having some trouble with my research. Could you give me a hand?F: I'd be happy to, but I have a meeting in five minutes. Let's discuss it later.Question: What does the woman mean?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages, and you will be asked 2 questions on each of the passages. The passages and the questions will be spoken only once, but the questions will be printed on the paper. After you hear apassage, read the four possible answers to the questions, and decide which one would be the best answer.Passage OneThe World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced that there is a need for a new global health strategy to combat the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These diseases, which include heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, are becoming increasingly prevalent and are now the leading cause of death worldwide. The WHO is urging governments to take action by implementing policies that promote healthier lifestyles.Question 1: What is the main topic of the passage?A) The rise of non-communicable diseasesB) The need for a new global health strategyC) The leading cause of death worldwideD) The role of the World Health OrganizationQuestion 2: What is the WHO urging governments to do?A) To ignore the rise of NCDsB) To promote unhealthy lifestylesC) To implement policies for healthier lifestylesD) To reduce the funding for health strategies...Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a long passage.After the passage, you will hear some questions. Before you hear the questions, you will be given some time to read each question and the possible answers. You will then hear the questions only once, but you have to choose the best answer from the four possible answers.Passage ThreeThe impact of social media on society has been a topic of much debate. While some argue that it has made communication easier and more accessible, others believe that it has led to a decrease in face-to-face interaction and has contributed to a rise in mental health issues. A recent study has shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of isolation and depression. However, social media has also been credited with helping to mobilize communities for social change and has been a powerful tool for activism.Question 1: What is the main concern regarding social media mentioned in the passage?A) It makes communication easier.B) It can lead to mental health issues.C) It has no significant impact on society.D) It is a tool for activism.Question 2: What has social media been credited with?A) Isolating communities.B) Increasing face-to-face interaction.C) Mobilizing communities for social change.D) Causing a decline in activism.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions that follow each text by choosing the best answer from the four options (A, B, C, and D). After you have read the text, you should distribute the 42 marks in the way that you think each question deserves. The number in the margin indicates the maximum mark available for。
考研英语二真题及答案（word完整版）
考研英语二真题及答案（word完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。
Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 underground It's a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldn't know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ："Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as"creep,"We fear we'II be 7 We fear we'II be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones."Phones become our security blanket，"Wortmann says."They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and JulianaSchroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 withthe experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare答案：1. signal2. Much3. plugged4. message5. behind6. misinterpreted7. judged8. unfamiliar9. anxious 10. turn11. dangerous 12. hurt 13. Conversation 14. passengers15. predict 16. ride 17. went through 18. in fact19. since 20. simple。
考研英语2试题及答案
考研英语2试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The importance of a balanced dietB) The benefits of regular exerciseC) The impact of technology on daily lifeD) The role of sleep in maintaining health答案：C2. According to the text, which of the following is a key factor in successful aging?A) Financial stabilityB) A strong social networkC) Regular medical check-upsD) A positive attitude towards life答案：B3. What can be inferred from the article about the future of the publishing industry?A) It will be dominated by digital formatsB) It will continue to rely on print mediaC) It will face a decline in salesD) It will merge with the film industry答案：A4. The author suggests that the best way to improve one's memory is by:A) Taking memory-enhancing supplementsB) Engaging in regular physical activityC) Practicing mindfulness meditationD) Consuming a diet rich in antioxidants答案：B5. What is the main purpose of the passage?A) To persuade readers to adopt a healthier lifestyleB) To inform readers about the latest medical researchC) To describe the symptoms of a particular diseaseD) To analyze the causes of a social issue答案：A二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In a world where technology is advancing at an unprecedented rate, it is essential to stay informed about the latest developments. However, with so much information available, it can be challenging to keep up. Here are some tips to help you stay informed without becoming overwhelmed.1. Limit your sources. It is impossible to read everything, so choose a few reliable sources that cover a wide range of topics.2. Use technology to your advantage. There are numerous apps and tools that can help you stay organized and up-to-date.3. Set aside time each day to read and learn. Even if it is just for a few minutes, making it a habit will help you stay informed.4. Don't be afraid to ask for help. If you are struggling to understand a concept, reach out to experts or friends who may be able to explain it to you.5. Stay curious. The more you learn, the more you will want to learn.1. In the first sentence, the word "unprecedented" most closely means:A) UnforeseenB) UnprecedentedC) UnmatchedD) Unpredictable答案：C2. The purpose of the second sentence is to:A) Emphasize the importance of technologyB) Suggest a method for staying informedC) Criticize the overwhelming amount of informationD) Highlight the difficulty of keeping up with technology答案：B3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a tip for staying informed?A) Reading a variety of sourcesB) Utilizing technologyC) Ignoring social mediaD) Setting aside time for reading答案：C4. The word "overwhelmed" in the first sentence suggests that:A) The reader should feel anxious about technologyB) There is too much information to processC) Technology is a burdenD) Information is easily accessible答案：B5. The author encourages readers to:A) Be passive learnersB) Ask questionsC) Avoid technologyD) Only read from a single source答案：B三、翻译（共20分，每题10分）1. 随着互联网的普及，人们越来越依赖于网络来获取信息。
英语专业考研考前基础英语水平模考测试卷（2）
Part II Cloze Test (20 points) "Directions: Read the passage below carefully and choose the best answer from those given. Write your choice on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.The tuberculosis situation in China is worsening again. It cannot be 1 unless the current situation which China has Four Highs and One Low is changed. The Four Highs and the One Low means a high infection rate, a high drug 2 rate, a high death rate, a high__3 of infection, and a low rate of decline changes.Experts say that China is one of the twenty-two countries in the world with the highest tuberculosis 4 China ranks second in the world in the 5 number of the people who have TB. Over 500 million Chinese have been 6 to the TB bacillus, six million have active TB and two million are 7 carriers of the disease. Over two hundred and fifty thousand Chinese die each year from TB. This is twice as many as those who die 8 all of China' s other contagious diseases 9The rate of TB in the Chinese countryside is 2.4 times 10 in the city. In China, as in other countries, at lease half of the 11 active TB cases, and deaths are in women.Children are the most 12 to infection of all. 13 statistics, the TB death rate among children aged 0-4 are 0.8 per 100,000 and 0.5 per 100,000. A 14 found that about half of the TB 15 people have not been found and registered. For 16 reasons, about 65.9 per cent of the people with TB symptoms are not 17 having TB. Experts warn that no disease compares with TB in the damage it 18 on families and the harm it does to China’s economic development. Seventy-five percent of the people with active TB cases 19 in the 15-34 age group, the most 20 age group. This means that China loses 360 million working days each year to TB.1. A. beaten B. conquered C. overcome D. defeated2. A. resistance B. injection C. inferior D. resistable3. A. incidence B. incident C. accident D. accidence4. A. burden B. load C. cargo D. freight5. A. whole B. large C. imaginary D. total6. A. revealed B. revealing C. exposed D. exposing7. A. contagious B. conscientious C. continuous D. consecutive8. A. away B. down C. off D. from9. A. joined B. added C. united D. combined10. A. that B. than C as D. less11. A. infections B. infectious C. affection D. infectants12. A. fragile B. vulnerable C. feeble D. crisp13. A. On the contrary B. According to C. With respect to D. In addition to14. A. research B. inspect C. survey D. study15. A. opposite B. negative C. opponent D. positive16. A. disparate B. desperate C. various D. distinct17. A. diagnosed as B. diagnosed to C. diagnosed about D. diagnosed with18. A. inflicts B. affiliates C. afflicts D. conflicts19. A. is B. are C. have D. has20. A. prospective B. productive C. predictable D. prudentPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A (30 points)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are some choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer SheetQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The decline of traditional religion in the West has not removed the need for men and women to find a deeper meaning behind existence. Why is the world the way it is and how do we, as conscious individuals, fit into the great scheme?There is a growing feeling that science, especially what is known as the new physics, can provide answers where religion remains vague and faltering. Many people in search of a meaning to their lives are finding enlightenment in the revolutionary developments at the frontiers of science. Much to the bewilderment of professional scientists, quasi-religious cults are being formed around such unlikely topics as quantum physics, space-time relativity, black holes and the big bang.How can physics, with its reputation for cold precision and objective materialism, provide such fertile soil for the mystical? The truth is that the spirit of scientific inquiry has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past 50 years. The twin revolutions of the theory of relativity, with its space-warps and time-warps, and the quantum theory, which reveals the shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms, have demolished the classical image of a clockwork universe slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway. Replacing this sterile mechanism is a world full of shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions that have no counterpart in daily experience,To study the new physics is to embark on a journey of wonderment and paradox, to glimpse the universe in a novel perspective, in which subject and object, mind and matter, force and field, become intertwined. Even the creation of the universe itself has fallen within the province of scientific inquiry.The new cosmology provides, for the first time, a consistent picture of how all physical structures, including space and time, came to exist out of nothing. We are moving towards an understanding in which matter, force, order and creation are unified into a single descriptive theme.Many of us who work in fundamental physics are deeply impressed by the harmony and order which pervades the physical world. To me laws of the universe, from quarks to quasars, dovetail together so felicitously that the impression there is something behind it all seems overwhelming. The laws of physics are so remarkably clever they can surely only be a manifestation of genius.l. The author says people nowadays find that traditional religion isA. a form of reassuranceB. inadequate to their needsC. responding to scientific progressD. developing in strange ways2. Scientists find the new cults bewildering because they areA. too reactionaryB. based on false evidenceC. derived from inappropriate sourcesD. too subjective3. Which phrase in paragraph 3 suggests that the universe is like a machine?A. Cold precision and objective materialism.B. The shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms.C. Slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway.D. Shifting Indeterminism and subtle interactions.4. The new physics is exciting because itA. offers a comprehensive explanation of the universeB. proves the existence of a ruling intelligenceC. incorporates the work of men of geniusD. makes scientific theories easier to understand5. The author of this passage isA. a minister of religionB. a research scientistC. science fiction writerD. a journalist。
考研英语二试题模板及答案
考研英语二试题模板及答案考研英语二模拟试题Part I Use of English (共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Section ARead the text below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option from the four alternatives provided.In recent years, the popularity of extreme sports has surged among young people. The thrill of pushing one's physical limits is a major attraction. However, there are also concerns about the safety of these sports.1. The passage is mainly about _______.A. the dangers of extreme sportsB. the popularity of extreme sportsC. the reasons for the popularity of extreme sportsD. the safety concerns of extreme sports2. What is the author's attitude towards extreme sports?A. SupportiveB. ConcernedC. IndifferentD. CriticalSection BComplete the sentences with the appropriate words in their proper form.3. The company's profits have _______ by 20% compared to last year.A. increasedB. decreasedC. remainedD. fluctuated4. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work will _______ as scheduled.A. proceedB. ceaseC. delayD. cancelPart II Reading Comprehension (共25小题，每小题2分，共50分)Section ARead the following text and answer the questions by choosing the correct answer.Text 1The rise of the digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we work and live. With the advent of smartphones and the internet, people can now work from anywhere, leading to a more flexible lifestyle. However, thishas also led to a blurring of the lines between work and personal life.5. What is the main idea of the text?A. The benefits of the digital ageB. The drawbacks of the digital ageC. The impact of the digital age on work and lifeD. The advantages of working from home6. What is the consequence of the digital age mentioned in the text?A. A more rigid lifestyleB. A more flexible lifestyleC. A more structured work environmentD. A more isolated social lifeText 2Research has shown that regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. It is also beneficial for mental health, helping to reduce stress and anxiety.7. What is the purpose of the text?A. To emphasize the importance of exerciseB. To discuss the causes of chronic diseasesC. To promote a new fitness trendD. To criticize the lack of physical activity8. What is one of the benefits of regular exercise mentioned in the text?A. Improved cognitive functionB. Reduced risk of chronic diseasesC. Increased appetiteD. Enhanced social skillsSection BRead the following text and answer the questions.Text 3The concept of a "smart city" refers to an urban area that integrates digital technology into its infrastructure to improve the quality of life for its residents. This includes the use of intelligent transport systems, smart grids, and other innovative technologies.9. What is a "smart city"?A. A city with a high population densityB. A city with advanced technologyC. A city with a high level of educationD. A city with a strong economy10. What is one of the features of a smart city?A. Intelligent transport systemsB. Extensive industrial areasC. A large number of touristsD. Traditional architecturePart III Writing (共1小题，共30分)Section AWrite an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should:1. Describe the picture briefly.2. Interpret its meaning.Picture DescriptionThe picture shows a group of people standing around a large round table. In the center of the table is a single flower in a vase, and there are several empty glasses around it. The people are looking at the flower with a smile.Section BWrite a letter of about 100 words to a friend who has just started a new job. In your letter, you should:1. Express your congratulations.2. Offer some advice for their new position.考研英语二模拟试题答案Part I Use of English1-4: B A A APart II Reading Comprehension5-8: C B B B9-10: B APart III WritingSection AEssay Outline:- Briefly describe the picture: A group of people admiring a single flower at a round table with empty glasses.- Interpret the meaning: The flower。
2022年硕士研究生考试学科英语(二)真题及参考答案
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语 (二) 试题真题 + 参考答案Section 1: Use of English 英语应用Directions: Read the following text . Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark,A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Harlon Coben believes that if you are a writer, you’ll find the time; and that if can’t find the time, then writing isn’t an priority and you’re not a writer. For him, writing is a 1 job - a job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing. Pointing out that a plumber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today.3 , like most writers these days, you are holding down a job to pay the bills, it’snot 4 to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness.5 that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly6 often have to do other work to7 their writing income.As Harlon Coben has suggested, it’s a 8 of priorities. To make writing a priority, you’ll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport youdo. You’ll have to make social media an 13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14 . There’ ll probably have to be less socialising with your friends and less time with your family. It’s a 15 learning curve, and it won’t always make you popular.There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for,16 your writing- and that’s reading. Any write needs to read as much and as widely as they can;it’s the one 17 supporter-something you cannot do without.Time is finite. The older you met, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as19 as we can that means that prioritising out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you’re a writer, that means - 20 -writing.1.A.difficult B.normal C.steady D.pleasantbined pared C.confused D.confronted3.A.If B.Though C.Once D.Unless4.A.Enough B.strange C.wrong D.easy5.A.Accept B.Explain C.Remember D.Suppose6.A.Well-known B.well-advised C.well-informed D.well-chose7.A.donate B.generate C.supplement D.calculate8.A.cause B.purpose C.question D.condition9.A.highlight B.sacrifice C.continue D.explore10.A.relations B.interests C.memories D.skills11.A.until B.because C.while D.before12.A.put up with B.make up for C.hang on to D.cut down on13.A.intelligent B.occasional C.intensive D.emotional14.A.habit B.test C.decision D.plan15.A.tough B.gentle C.rapid D.funny16.A.in place of B.in charge of C.in response to D.in addition to17.A.indispensable B.innovative C.invisible D.instant18.A.duller B.harder C.quieter D.quicker19.A.peacefully B.generously C.productively D.gratefully20.A.at most B.in turn C.on average D.above allSection 2 : Reading Comprehension 阅读理解Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1On a recent sunny day 13000 chickens roam over Larry Brown’s 40 windswept acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car. Others drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but it’s by design, part of what the $ 6.1 billion US. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they’re also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture-special house gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.“I’m excited about our progress,” says Brown, who is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds waste then fertilizes fields. Such im provements “allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.”The egg industry’s push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more than a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable- egg roll out is successful. It could open the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell because the concept is tough to define quickly says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premiumattributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment. Young adults “really care about the planet,” says John Brunnquell, president of Egg Innovations. “They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they under stand what they’re doing.”21.The climate- friendly eggs are produced .A.at a considerably low costB.at the demand of regular shoppersC.as a replacement for organic eggsD.on specially designed farmsrry Brawn is excited about its progress in .A.reducing the damage of wormsB.accelerating the disposal of wasteC.creating a sustainable systemD.attracting customers to his product23.The example of organic eggs is used in Paragraph 4 to suggest .A.the doubts over natural foodsB.the setbacks in the egg industryC.the potential of regenerative productsD.the promotional success of supermarkets24.It can be leaned from the last paragraph that young people .A.are reluctant to change their dietB.are likely to buy climate- friendly eggsC.are curious about new foodsD.are amazed at agricultural advances25.John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton ever regenerative product’sA.market prospectsB.nutritional valueC.standard definitionD.moral implicationText 2More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.One in three Americans who are at least 40 have, or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade.Even more surprising is that more than half of unretirees - those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring - said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.Financial needs aren't the only culpri t for the “unretirement” trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression.“The concept of retirement is evolving,” said Christine Russell, senior manager of r etirement at TD Ameritrade. “It’s not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.”One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. Older Americans are also percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February 2019, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985 according to money manager United Income.Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2,000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 “unretirees” are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that pre-retirees should speak with a financial advisor to set long-term financial goals.“The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring,” Weiss said. “It’s not just a financial decision, but an emot ional one. Many people believe they can’t retire.”26.The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that .A.over half of the retirees are physically fit for workB.the old workforce is as active as the younger oneC.one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirementD.more Americans are willing to work in retirement27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that .A.retirement may cause problems for themB.boredom can be relieved after retirementC.the mental health of retirees is overlookedD.“unretirement” contributes to the economy28.Retirement patterns are changing partly due to .bor shortagesC.longer life expectancyD.rising living costs29.Many “unretirees” are increasing their savings by .A.investing more in stocksB.taking up odd jobsC.getting well-paid workD.spending less30.With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are .A.unpreparedB.unafraidC.disappointedD.enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them,in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, “dark patterns” is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel, where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leadersshould be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray are as they engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with ll, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discuss the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company’s user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding digital deception.Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recent at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that “ensure that customer will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights.” The regulations aim to ban dark patterns-this means prohibiting companies from using “confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn’t optout.”As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater account ability from within the business community. Dark patterns also be addressed on a self regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standard.31.It can be learned from the first two paragraphs tat dark patterns .A.improve user experienceB.leak user information for profitC.undermine users’ decision-makingD.remind users of hidden costs32.The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show .A.their major flawsB.their complex designsC.their severe damageD.their strong presence33.To handle digital deception, businesses should .A.listen to customer feedbackB.talk with relevant teamsC.turn to independent agenciesD.rely on professional training34.The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to .A.guide users through opt-out processesB.protect consumers from being trickedC.grant companies data privacy rightsD.restrict access to problematic content35.According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is .A.new legal requirementsB.businesses’ self-disciplineC.strict regulatory standsD.consumers’ safety awareness.Text 4Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class sessions impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Enc Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: Students attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat,optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, there searchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester nearly14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meatethics,meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.“That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention,” Schwitzgebel says Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: “Easy come, easy go”.Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the Video may have had an emotional impact.Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now there searchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistant seating habits and students video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel - who had predicted no effect- will be eating his words.36.Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are .A.hard to determineB.narrowly interpretedC.difficult to ignoreD.poorly summarized37.Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat-eating?A.It is common among students.B.It is a behavior easy to measure.C.It is important to students’ health.D.it is a hot topic in ethics classes.38.Eric Schwitzgebels previous findings suggest that ethics professors .A.are seldom critical of their studentsB.are less sociable than other professorsC.are not sensitive to political issuesD.are not necessarily ethically better39.Nina Strohminger thinks that the effect of the intervention is .A.permanentB.predictableC.uncertainD.unrepeatable40.Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students change in behavior .A.can bring psychological benefitsB.can be analyzed statisticallyC.is a result of multiple factorsD.is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column, there are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A.Make it a habitB.Don’t go it aloneC.Start low, go slowD.Talk with your doctorE.Listen to your bodyF.Go through the motionsG.Round out your routineGetting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days because of COVID-19 concerns, it can be tricky to know where to start. And it’s important to get the right dose of activity. “Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout,” says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. Follow this advice to return to exercise safely.41.Don’t try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to ½ mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps.Increase time, distance, and intensity gradually. “This isn’t something you can do overnight,” Denay says. But you’ll reap be nefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep42.If you’re breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immediately.43.Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina.Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start, says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it’s the easiest, most accessible form of exercise. Although it can be a workout on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling, or any other activity, walking is also a great first step.44.Even if you can’t yet do a favorite activity, you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket, swing like you’re hitting the ball. Paddle like you’re in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again. 45.Exercising with others “can keep you accountable and make it more fun, so you’re more likely to do it again,” Jackovitz says.You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can’t connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood. FaceTime or Zoom with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home. You can also join a livestream or on-demand exercise class.Section 3 : Translation 翻译46.Direction: In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Although we try out best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials, and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected result have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realize that when one door closes, anther opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking outside the box will become your second nature.In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you are more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.Section 4 : Writing 写作Part A47.Direction:Suppose you are planning a campus food festival. Write an email to theinternational students in your university to1)introduce the food festival and；2)invite them to participate.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an easy based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1）interpret the chart and2）give your commentsYour should write about 150 words on the ANSSWER SHEET(15 points)（内容简述：一个柱状图，展示从2018年-2020年我国快递业务总量的变化情况，包含整体快递量和农村快递量的变化对比柱状图，整体表现农村快递业务量的快速变化）英语（二）参考答案Section 1： Use of English1-5 BBADC6-10 ACCBB11-15 CDBAA16-20 DADCDSection 2： Reading Comprehension21-25 DCCBA26-30 DACDA31-35 CDBBB36-40 ABDCC41-45 CEAFBSection 3： Translation46. 参考译文：虽然我们会试着竭尽全力，但有时我们的画作还是会和我们原本设想的不太一样。
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基础英语练习题（二）
I. GRAMMAR,
Directions: In this section, there are 13 sentences each with one word or phrase m issing. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C, and D that best completes t he sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening
1. As far as we know, in this matter Jim seems .
A. to be in no way to blame
B. to be in no way to be blamed
C. to be to blame in no way
D. to be blamed in no way
2. , he might have retired before the end.
A. Didn't he enjoy the concert
B. Has he not enjoyed the concert
C. Were he not enjoy the concert
D. Had he not enjoyed the concert
3. I don't see how you can stop your daughter, she is lawfully old enough to get ma rried.
A. once
B. thus
C. yet
D. since
4. The developing countries are the richly mineralized districts in the world the d eveloped countries are the districts which are short of minerals.
A. anyway
B. nevertheless
C. while
D. instead
5. Jane rented novels from the circulating library yesterday afternoon. .
A. two interesting American
B. two American interesting
C. interesting two American
D. American two interesting
6. The manager his suitcase in which there is plenty of cash yet, for he is n ot sure where he left it behind.
A. had not found
B. has not found
C. did not find
D. cannot find
7. The minister didn't show any interest in the democratic reforms .
A. all in all
B. after all
C. not at all
D. at all .
8. I haven't seen her .
A. since long
B. long since
C. long ago
D. long before
9. Why this way? to meet him?
A. are you walking / Do you want
B. do you walk / Do you want
C. do you walk / Are you wanting
D. are you walking / Did you want
10. "Will a bus stop here soon?" "No, .”
A. ten minutes ago one just went by
B. one just went by ten minutes ago
C. ten minutes ago just one went by
D. just one went by ten minutes ago
11. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all
practical value by the time they were finished.
A. could lose
B. would have lost
C. might lose
D. ought to have lost
12. The lady over there is
A. Jane and Mary mother
B. Jane and Mary’s mother
C. Jane's and Mary's mother
D. Jane's and Mary mother 人生中最幸福的就是身体健康
13. Not even a word concerning these important matters.
A. he mentioned
B. he mentions
C. did he mention
D. he does mention。