PVDF手册
Asahi America Purad PVDF 高纯度管道系统规格说明书
Purad® PVDF High Purity Piping SpecificationPART 1: GENERAL1.1 SummaryFurnish a complete high purity PVDF piping system to include pipe, fittings, specialty fittings, and valves.1.2 ReferencesThe following standards apply to products used within this section.ASTM D 1598 ASTM D 1599ASTM D 2122 ASTM D 2657ASTM D 2837 ASTM D 3222DVS 2207-15 ISO 10931The system design shall meet the requirements of ASME/ANSI B31.3 for design criteria where temperature and pressure fall within the limits of the code.1.3 DefinitionsPVDF: Polyvinylidene FluoridePurad®: Asahi/America’s high purity PVDF piping system1.4 System Description and Pressure RatingSystem shall be a Purad® PVDF system made of uniform pipe and fitting resin. System pressure ratings shall be based on continuous use of 50 years at 68º F.Purad® pipe and fittings shall be based on a Standard Dimensional Ratio (SDR) according to ISO 10931.1/2” through 2-1/2” (20 - 75mm) shall be SDR 213” through 12” (90 - 315mm) shall be available in SDR 21 and SDR 33.Pressure rating for pipe and fittings, unless otherwise noted, shall be 230psi (16 bar) for SDR 21 material and 150psi (10 bar) for SDR33.1.5 System Performance RequirementsSystem performance requirements shall handle the following:Operating Pressure: (TBD by Engineer/Project Owner)Operating Temp: (TBD by Engineer/Project Owner)Test Pressure: (TBD by Engineer/Project Owner)Media: (TBD by Engineer/Project Owner)1.6 SubmittalsSubmit the following:A. Product data for the system specified; relative to material dimensions of individual components profiles and finishes.B. Product certificates signed by manufacturer of Purad® PVDF piping product, stating compliance to stated requirements.C. Welder certificates, certifying that welders comply with the installation procedures as outlined by ASTM D-2657 & DVS 2207-15.All required training should be scheduled and completed at to job start-up.D. Qualification of firms supplying Purad® PVDF: Firms must have a minimum of five years’ experience in design, installation andoperation of thermoplastic high-purity piping systems.1.7 Quality AssuranceObtain components from a single source having responsibility and accountability to answer and resolve problems regarding proper installation, compatibility, performance, and acceptance.1.8 Delivery, Storage and HandlingA. Deliver all Purad® PVDF pipe to arrive on-site inside protected hard black PE tubes. Cardboard tubes are not allowed. Withintubes, pipe shall be capped and bagged in polyethylene static free, non-tear bags for cleanroom applications. See Section 2.3.B for pipe quantities per bag.B. Deliver all Purad® PVDF fittings to arrive on-site double bagged in boxes, when possible, layered with bubble packing orexpanding Styrofoam to prevent damage.C. Store products on elevated platforms in a dry location with protection from the environment. Failure to protect pipe from damageduring the project may result in longer start up times, pressure failures or premature breakage.D. Lift, support and transport Purad® PVDF piping per manufacturers’ recommendations.1.9 WarrantyWarranty period is one year after date of substantial completion for job installations lasting no longer than one year. Asahi/America is not responsible for failures due to installation error or neglect.PART 2: PRODUCTS2.1 ManufacturersSubject to compliance with requirements products which may be incorporated in the work include: The Purad® PVDF System as supplied by Asahi/America, Inc. of Lawrence, Massachusetts, 800-343-3618. Produced by Alois Gruber GmbH AGRU of Bad Hall, Austria.2.2 MaterialPipe, valves and fittings shall be made from HP resin produced by Solvay Solexis. The resin shall meet or exceed the requirements outlined for a Type II suspension grade homopolymer resin in ASTM D-3222.Resin must be approved for contact with foodstuff as per the FDA CFR, Title 21 (2001) 177.1520Resin must meet USP Class VI requirementsPipe shall be made of Solef® 1010/0001 HP resin.MFI = 4-7 g/10 min.Fittings 1/2"-2” shall be made of Solef® 1009/0001 HP resin.MFI = 12-16 g/10min.Fittings 2-1/2” -10” shall be made of Solef® 1008/0001 HP resin.MFI = 22-27 g/10 min.All resins shall not introduce contaminations into the ultra high purity water. Specifically, all raw materials in product manufacturing shall be free of chemical additives, fillers, property enhancers and reinforcements, such as antioxidants, anti-static agents, colorants, flame retardants, heat stabilizers lubricants, mold release agents, pigments, plasticizers, processing aids, ultraviolet stabilizers and viscosity depressants.In addition, manufacturer shall test all lots to ensure the melt flow index is within allowable range.Traceability of all molded and extruded components must be molded into or otherwise printed on the outside of the pipingcomponent.A. ProductionAll pipe shall be produced on a dedicated extruder completely within a class 100 cleanroom and shall be packaged within a class 100 section of the cleanroom. Pipe shall be stress relieved on line as it is extruded. Post extrusion annealing is not allowed.Surface finish is as follows:Size Inches Size mm Result1/2” – 9” 20-225 mm Ra = 5.91µ” (0.15µm)10” – 12” 250-315 mm Ra = 15.75µ” (0.40µm)In addition, the manufacturer shall conduct continuous checking for micropores. The micropores shall not exceed a size of 1 micron.B. PackagingAll pipes shall have ends sealed with PE bags and then capped and single bagged. Pipe shall be sleeved in a PE encasement, purged with high purity nitrogen and heat-sealed. Pipe is then packed into a hard PE tube for shipping protection. Cardboard tubes are not acceptable. The following chart designates quantities of pipe per PE shipping tube:Size inches Size mm Quantity Per Tube1/2" 20 Five3/4" 25 Four1” 32 Three1 1/4" 40 One1 1/2" 50 One2” 63 One2 1/2" 75 One3” 90 One4” 110 One6” 160 One8” 200 One9” 225 One10” 250 One12” 315 OneC. Pressure RatingAll pipe shall meet the requirements of Section 1.4.2.4 FittingsA. ProductionAll standard fittings through 12” (315mm) shall be injected molded. All fittings are to be molded with equipment in a class 100 cleanroom environment. After secondary machining all fittings shall be cleaned for a minimum of 1 hour in an automated 6-basin Hot DI rinse Stations. The DI Rinse water shall be 70°C with resistivity above 18MΩ and TOC ≤10PPB. Surface finish is as follows:Size Inches Size mm Result1/2” – 9” 20-225mm Ra = 7.80µ” (0.20µm)10” – 12” 250-315 mm Ra = 15.75µ” (0.40µm)B. PackagingAll molded fittings are to be packaged in a class 100 cleanroom immediately after the cleaning process. All machined fittings are to be packaged in a class 1000 cleanroom. Fittings are to be double bagged, purged with clean dry Class 100 air or nitrogen in PE/Nylon composite bags. Bags are to be silicone free and anti-static.C. Specialty FittingsSpecialty fittings are to include restraint fittings, butt fusion instrumentation fittings, sanitary connections, etc. Specialty fittings shall be machined or molded of the same PVDF resin family as the pipe and fittings and shall be packaged according to the requirements of section 2.4.B.D. Pressure RatingAll fittings, unless otherwise noted, shall meet the requirements of Section 1.4.All valves shall be produced in the same manner as High Purity FittingsA. Type 342 Spigot Diaphragm Valves:1/2”-4” (20mm –110mm) shall be the type 342 of the Purad® system. The Valves shall have a PVDF body (Solef Resin) and a PTFE diaphragm with EPDM backing. Valve bodies are to be unibody, molded design with a 150psi rating at 70º F. All metal nuts and bolts must be capped or covered to reduce metal exposure. Top Works must include integral lockout device on the handle and position indicator.B. Type 342 Flanged Diaphragm Valves:1/2” – 1” (20mm – 32mm) and 2-1/2” (75mm) shall be type 342 with stub end and backing ring IR welded onto both sides. Top works must include locking device on the handle and position indicator. All metal nuts and bolts must be capped or covered to reduce metal exposure. Top Works must include integral lockout device on the handle and position indicator.C. Type 342 Molded Flanged Diaphragm Valves:1-1/4” - 4” (40mm – 110mm), excepting 2-1/2” (75mm) shall be type 342 single PVDF body design with flanges molded as part of the body. Diaphragm shall be PTFE with EPDM backing. All metal nuts and bolts must be capped or covered to reduce metal exposure. Top Works must include integral lockout device on the handle and position indicator.D. Flanged Diaphragm Valves:6”-10” (160mm – 250mm) shall be Type-15 or Type-G single PVDF body with flanges molded as part of the body. Diaphragm shall be two-piece style with PTFE and separate EPDM backing. Top works shall include a position indicator and travel stop.E. Type 343 Zero Dead Leg Valve:1/2” x 1/2” through 6” x 2” (20mm x 20mm through 160mm x 63mm) reduced dead leg (zero dead leg) valves shall be Type 343 Style from the Purad® System. Valves shall be made of PVDF Solef resin. Valve bodies are to be unibody, molded design with a 150psi rating at 68º F. All metal nuts and bolts must be capped or covered to reduce metal exposure. Top Works must include integral lockout device on the handle and position indicator.F. Ball Valves:1/2” - 2” (20mm - 63mm) Purad® PVDF ball valves shall be made with natural polyvinylidene resin. O-rings are to be FKM. Ball valves shall be offered in spigot ends. Supplied cleaned and double bagged, lubricant-free.G. Flow Meters:Available in polysulfone (PSU) and polyamide (PA) Frank M123 and M335 flow meters shall be supplied with spigot ends suitable for high purity welding. Float shall be PVDF, unions shall be PVDF, and O-rings shall be FPM (FKM). Flow ranges available up to 135 gallons per minute with custom ranges available.H. Ball check valves:1/2” – 2” (20mm – 63mm) shall be true union. 2-1/2” – 4” (75mm – 110mm) shall be single union style with FKM O-rings. Ball check minimum shut off of 5psi and max operating pressure of 150psi at 68°F. Supplied cleaned and double bagged, lubricant-free.I. Type V182 (Type-241) Pressure Regulating Valve w/ Gauge Guard:1/2” – 2-1/2” (20mm – 75mm) shall be PVDF type V182 with PTFE/FKM diaphragms/seals. 1/2” – 1-1/2” (20mm – 50mm) shall be pressure rated to 150psi at 68°F. 2” – 2-1/2” (63mm – 75mm) shall be pressure rated to 90psi at 68°F. V182 regulating valves shall have an integral gauge guard and gauge for inline adjustments of the valve.J. Type V186 Back Pressure Regulating Valve:1/2” – 2” (20mm – 63mm) shall be PVDF type V186 with EPDM backed PTFE diaphragm. 2-1/2” (75mm) shall be PVDF type V86 with EPDM backed PTFE diaphragm. Valves shall be pressure rated to 150psi at 68°F. 2” – 2-1/2” (63mm – 75mm) shall be pressure rated to 90psi at 68°F.2.6 Pipe/Valve Hangers and SupportsA. Support SpacingDesign pipe supports and anchors in accordance with Asahi/America’s recommended support spacing for SDR 11 polypropylene pipe. See Section 4.3 for recommended support spacing for Purad piping systemsB. Supports and HangersUse Asahi/America’s recommended support types per document “Asahi/America Engineering Design Guide.” Metallic supports and clamps shall not come directly into contact with plastic piping systems.2.7 Joining EquipmentPurad® PVDF installation shall be performed by factory certified and trained installers in accordance with manufacturer’s ISO procedures, ASTM D 2657 and DVS 2207-15. Date of certification or re-certification shall not exceed two years from the beginning of project. Available joining techniques are as follows:A. Butt-FusionProper equipment selection should be based on pipe size and site conditions. Butt fusion equipment should be designed and tested to provide reliable welds. All equipment should utilize electronically controlled heating elements for accurate welding temperatures.Tools should also incorporate planing units to face ends prior to heating. Butt-fusion equipment supplied shall weld joints based on force or pressure and not mechanical stops.B. Socket FusionProper equipment selection should be based on pipe size and site conditions. Socket fusion tools shall be available in two styles;one portable style capable of welding 1/2”- 2” (20mm – 63mm) and a bench style capable of welding 3/4”- 4” (25mm – 110mm).Heating elements are to be electronically controlled for accurate welding temperatures. Tools should also incorporate male and female heater inserts with PTFE coating.C. Non-Contact Butt-FusionProper equipment selection should be based on installation requirements and line sizes. Tool shall be fully automatic (SP series).SP Series:Tool shall be made available in the following modelsSP 110-S 1/2” – 4” (20mm – 110mm)SP 250-S 4” – 10” (110mm – 250mm)SP 315-S 4” – 12” (110mm – 315mm)Tools shall possess electronic planer and infrared heating element. Tools will utilize and measure the welding pressures to join material and not mechanical stops. To avoid improper welded joints, tool shall automatically operate clamps and control joining force. Tools shall possess the following features:1. Computer control and automatic fusion.2. Touch screen for tool operation and parameter selection.3. Restricted access through use of barcode or RFID cards.4. Automatic label printouts after each weld.5. Ability to display and graph weld processes as weld is proceeding.6. Memory storage of welds7. Magnetic clamps to reduce change out time from one size to another.8. Vertical and horizontal adjustment for pipe alignment.D. Beadless Electro FusionHigh Performance Fusion (HPF) equipment should be designed to weld all PVDF pipe valves and fittings constructed of Solvay Solef® resin 1/2-2” (20mm – 63mm). Equipment shall incorporate a bar code scanner to set all weld parameters. An internal balloon shall be used to eliminate a bead formation. Where usage of the balloon is not possible, weld will be conducted without balloon.Each weld will be done utilizing an HPF coupling.PART 3: EXECUTION3.1 InstallationA. FacilitiesSubassembly and fabrication work should be conducted in a separate, temporary clean room located within the building.Cleanroom should be equipped with the following to provide a clean installation:1. Provide Laminar flow HEPA filters in room ceiling to reach a level of class 10,000.2. The quantity of filters should be determined by providing a minimum of 60 room air changes per hour.3. Ideal set up is to place welding equipment directly under a filter. In addition, nitrogen should be available for purging the pipelineswith a positive pressure if the assemblies expand beyond the bounds of the room.B. ToolsAll fusion tools utilized are to be dedicated for clean build only, and should be kept separate. Special attention should be given to the fusion tools to prevent the possibility of contaminating a weld. The contractor shall lease or purchase all necessary welding equipment from the manufacturer. At the end of the installation, any necessary equipment needed on-site should be sold to the owner. Contractor is responsible for proper maintenance and care of the fusion tools during construction.C. CertificationInstallers shall be pre-qualified as per section 2.7. Manufacturer shall provide on-site training in the assembly and installation of the Purad® PVDF piping system as needed.3.2 TestingA. InspectionPrior to pressure testing, the system shall be examined for the following items:1. Pipe shall be completed per drawing layout with all pipe and valve supports in place.2. Pipe, valves, and equipment shall be supported as specified, without any concentrated loads on the system.3. Pipe shall be in good conditions, void of any cracks, gouges or deformation.4. Pipe flanges shall be properly aligned. All flange bolts should be checked for correct torques.5. All diaphragm valve bonnet bolts shall be checked for correct torques.6. All joints should be reviewed for appropriate welding technique:Butt: To have two beads, 360°around the joint.Socket: To have two beads on the end of the fitting and on the outside of the pipe in contact.Non-Contact: Identity labels shall identify weld certification by the print “welding parameters OK”. Joints should have twobeads 360°around the joint.Manufacturer to supply inspection procedures beyond the above recommendations. If any deficiencies appear, the quality control manager shall provide directions for repair.B. Pressure Test1. Test fluid should be deionized water, with quality level set by Quality Control Engineer. In all cases test must be donehydrostatically. Air test is not allowed2. Filling the system-Open all valves and vents to purge the system of air. Slowly inject the water into the system, making sure thatair does not become trapped in the system.3. Begin pressurizing the system in increments of 10psi. Bring the system up to 100psi and hold. Allow system to hold pressure fora minimum of two hours and up to a recommended 12 hours. Check pressure gauge after one hour. Due to natural creep effects onplastic piping the pressure will have decreased. If drop is less than 10%, pump the pressure back up. At this time the system may be fully pressurized to desired test pressure.4. If after one hour the pressure has decreased more than 10%, test is considered a failure. Note the 10% value may need to begreater for larger systems, or systems experiencing significant thermal changes.5. Test is to be witnessed by Quality Control Engineer and certified by the contractor.3.3 Cleaning of HP PVDF Piping SystemSystem shall be cleaned at completion of project according to requirements set by owner.PART 4: APPENDICESDisclaimer: This information is provided for convenience. For additional information, please consult Asahi/America’s engineering design guide or contact our engineering staff at 781-321-5409.4.1 Material PropertiesTable 1. Material Properties Purad ® PVDFProperties Condition StandardUnits PVDF P h y s i c a l Specific density at 23 °C 23°C (73.4°F) ISO 1183 g/cm 3 1.78 Melt Flow Rate (MFR) 230°C / 5 kg ISO 1133 g/10 min 6 - 24 M e c h a n i c a l P r o p e r t i e sTensile stress at yield 50 mm/min ISO 527 MPa 50 Elongation at yield 50 mm/min ISO 527 % 9 Elongation at break 50 mm/min ISO 527 % 80 Impact strength unnotched23°C (73.4°F) ISO 179 kJ/m 2 124 Impact strength notched23°C (73.4°F) ISO 179 kJ/m 2 11 Ball indentation hardness according to Rockwell23°C (73.4°F) ISO 2039-1 MPa 80 Flexural strength 23°C (73.4°F)ISO 178 MPa 80 Modulus of elasticity ISO 527 MPa 2000 T h e r m a l P r o p e r t i e sVicat-Softening point VST/B/50 ISO 306 °C°F 140 284 Heat deflection temperatureHDT/BISO 75 °C °F 145 293 Linear coefficient of thermal expansion DIN 53752 K -1 x 10-4 1.2 Thermal conductivity 20°C (68°F)DIN 52612 W/(m x K)0.2 FlammabilityUL94 V-0 E l e c t r i c a l P r o p e r t i e s Specific volume resistance DIN 53482 Ω x cm >1013 Specific surface resistance DIN 53482 Ω >1012 Relative dielectric constant 1 MHz DIN 53483 7.25 Dielectric strength DIN 53481 kV/mm 22 G e n e r a l Physiologically nontoxic EEC 90/128Yes Food contact (FDA)Yes NSF 51 Yes NSF 61 Yes USP Class IV Yes UV resistance Yes ColorNatural4.2 Pressure RatingPermissible operating pressure for Purad® piping systems based on years of operation and temperature. These tables are for water, a safety correction factor shall be applied for chemical service. Consult Asahi/America Engineering staff for chemical recommendations.Additionally, a system reduction factor of 0.8 shall be used for influences such as welding, joints, flange, and bending loads for aboveground installations and 1.0 should be used for below ground installation.Table 2. Permissible Operating Pressures for Purad® PVDF (psi)Temperature1 Year 5 Years10 Years PVDF150SDR 33PVDF230SDR 21PVDF150SDR 33PVDF230SDR 21PVDF150SDR 33PVDF230SDR 21°C °F10 50 177 284 174 277 171 276 20 68 161 258 157 251 155 249 30 86 145 232 141 226 139 223 40 104 129 207 126 203 125 200 50 122 116 184 112 180 110 177 60 140 102 164 99 158 97 157 70 158 93 142 86 138 86 136 80 176 77 123 74 119 74 117 90 194 67 106 64 103 62 100 95 203 61 99 58 94 55 87 100 212 57 90 52 84 45 73 110 230 46 75 36 58 30 49 120 248 36 58 25 41 22 35 130 266 25 41 17 28 - - 140 284 17 28 12 19 - -Temperature25 Years 50 Years PVDF150SDR 33PVDF230SDR 21PVDF150SDR 33PVDF230SDR 21°C °F10 50 170 271 168 268 20 68 154 245 152 244 30 86 138 220 136 218 40 104 123 197 122 194 50 122 109 174 107 173 60 140 96 154 94 151 70 158 83 133 83 132 80 176 73 116 70 112 90 194 55 87 46 75 95 203 45 73 39 62 100 212 38 59 52 58 110 230 25 41 22 35 120 248 17 28 - -4.3 Support SpacingTable 3. Purad® PVDF SDR 21 Support Spacing (feet)Pipe Size 68° F/20° C 86° F/30° C104° F/40° C122° F/50° C140° F/60° C158° F/70° C176° F/80° C212°F/100°C248°F/120°Cmm in20 1/2 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.5 25 3/4 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.6 32 1 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.0 40 1-1/4 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.5 2.1 50 1-1/2 4.6 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.0 2.5 63 2 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.4 2.8 75 2-1/2 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.3 3.7 3.0 90 3 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.6 3.9 3.4 110 4 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.4 3.9 125 4-1/2 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.3 4.8 4.3 140 5 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.7 5.1 4.4 160 6 7.6 7.4 7.3 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.0 5.5 4.8 180 7 8.1 7.8 7.6 7.3 6.9 6.7 6.4 5.7 5.0 200 8 8.5 8.3 8.0 7.6 7.4 7.1 6.7 6.0 5.3 225 9 9.0 8.9 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.4 7.1 6.4 5.7 250 10 9.4 9.2 8.9 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.4 6.7 6.0 280 11 10.1 9.7 9.4 9.0 8.7 8.3 8.0 7.1 6.4 315 12 10.6 10.5 10.1 9.7 9.2 8.9 8.5 7.6 6.7Table 4. Purad® PVDF SDR 33 Support Spacing (feet)Pipe Size 68° F/20° C 86° F/30° C104° F/40° C122° F/50° C140° F/60° C158° F/70° C176° F/80° C212°F/100°C248°F/120°Cmm in90 3 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.3 3.6 3.1 110 4 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.1 3.6 125 4-1/2 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.2 4.9 4.4 3.9 140 5 6.6 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.1 160 6 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.1 5.9 5.6 5.1 4.4 180 7 7.5 7.2 7.1 6.7 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.2 4.6 200 8 7.9 7.7 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.6 6.2 5.6 4.9 225 9 8.4 8.2 7.9 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.6 5.9 5.2 250 10 8.7 8.5 8.2 7.9 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.2 5.6 280 11 9.4 9.0 8.7 8.4 8.0 7.7 7.4 6.6 5.9 315 12 9.8 9.7 9.4 9.0 8.5 8.2 7.9 7.1 6.2For gases and fluids with different densities, the conversion factors shown below should be used.LL=LL AA∗ff1f1 – conversion factor (See Table 5)L – new support distance [mm]L A – permissible support distance (See Table 3 and Table 4)Table 5. External Support Spacing Correction Factors based on Operating Media Density for PVDFMaterial SDRConversion factor f1Media density [g/cm3] Gases Water Other Media <0.01 1.00 1.25 1.50Purad® PVDF 33 1.48 1.0 0.96 0.92 21 1.36。
PVDF膜组件技术手册2
PVDF膜组件技术手册2 PVDF膜组件技术手册21.引言1.1 背景1.2 目的1.3 适用范围2.PVDF膜组件概述2.1 PVDF膜的特性2.1.1 耐久性2.1.2 抗化学腐蚀性2.1.3 热稳定性2.1.4 低摩擦系数2.2 PVDF膜组件的应用领域2.2.1 水处理2.2.2 生物医药2.2.3 电子设备2.2.4 石油化工3.PVDF膜组件设计与制造3.1 组件材料选择3.1.1 PVDF膜材料3.1.2 辅助材料3.2 组件结构设计3.2.1 膜模块设计3.2.2 连接件设计3.2.3 密封设计3.3 制造工艺3.3.1 膜材料的制备3.3.2 组件的装配过程3.3.3 品控流程4.PVDF膜组件的性能测试与评估 4.1 流量性能测试4.1.1 通水率测试4.1.2 清洗效果测试4.2 分离性能测试4.2.1 过滤效率测试 4.2.2 装载容量测试 4.3 耐久性测试4.3.1 温度循环测试4.3.2 耐化学品测试5.PVDF膜组件的使用与维护5.1 安装指南5.1.1 安装环境要求 5.1.2 安装步骤5.2 使用注意事项5.2.1 正确的操作方法 5.2.2 防护措施5.3 维护保养5.3.1 清洗操作5.3.2 故障排除6.附录6.1 PVDF膜组件规格表6.2 膜组件装配示意图6.3 典型应用案例1.本文档涉及附件：附件1、PVDF膜组件规格表附件2、膜组件装配示意图附件3、典型应用案例2.本文所涉及的法律名词及注释：2.1 PVDF：聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride)的缩写，是一种高性能的合成树脂材料。
2.2 耐久性：指材料在长时间使用和各种环境条件下不会出现明显损坏或性能下降的能力。
2.3 抗化学腐蚀性：指材料对化学物质的侵蚀能力，能够稳定地保持材料的性能和外观。
2.4 热稳定性：指材料在高温环境下能够保持结构和性能稳定的能力。
2.5 低摩擦系数：指材料表面的摩擦系数较低，能够减少摩擦损耗和能量消耗。
杭州洁弗膜mbr_pvdf复合膜技术手册(最新)
PVDF中空纤维超滤膜产品技术手册说明书
PVDF中空纤维超滤膜产品技术手册目录第一章公司简介 (4)第二章超滤技术介绍 (5)2.1超滤的基本原理 (5)2.2超滤的特点 (5)2.3超滤的几个常用基本概念 (6)2.3.1纯水通量与产水流量 (6)2.3.2温度对产水流量的影响 (6)2.3.3临界流量与临界压力 (6)2.3.4跨膜压差 (6)2.3.5内压式过滤与外压式过滤 (7)2.3.6全量过滤与错流过滤 (7)第三章膜能（MONON）超滤膜的特点及性能参数 (8)3.1超滤膜的特点 (8)3.2超滤膜的主要性能参数 (8)3.3超滤膜的应用领域 (8)第四章柱式超滤膜组件的特点及性能参数 (9)4.1柱式超滤膜组件的特点 (9)4.2柱式超滤膜组件的型号及规格说明 (9)4.3MONON超滤膜组件的规格参数 (10)第五章超滤系统的设计 (12)5.1原水水质 (12)5.2预处理 (12)5.2.1超滤膜组件进水要求（设计基准值可以是一定范围） (12)5.3柱式超滤膜组件 (12)5.4配套反洗系统选型 (13)5.4.1反洗水箱 (13)5.4.2反洗水泵 (13)5.4.3（CEB）化学增强反洗加药泵（计量泵） (14)5.5超滤膜化学清洗系统选型设计 (14)5.5.1化学清洗水箱（一般要求清洗温度：25-35℃） (14)5.5.2化学清洗循环泵 (14)5.5.3保安过滤器 (15)5.5.4化学清洗药剂配方 (15)5.6气洗系统 (15)5.7控制系统 (15)第六章超滤系统的安装与操作 (17)6.1安装前的准备工作 (17)6.2柱式超滤膜组件的安装 (17)6.3超滤系统的首次启动 (17)6.3.1启动前的检查内容 (17)6.3.2首次启动顺序 (18)6.4日常启动 (18)6.5超滤膜系统的维护与保养 (19)6.6运行记录 (19)第七章超滤系统的维护与故障分析 (20)7.1超滤系统的维护 (20)7.1.1水泵 (20)7.1.2仪器仪表 (20)7.1.3自动阀门 (20)7.1.4超滤组件 (20)7.2超滤系统的故障分析 (20)第八章柱式超滤膜组件的贮存与运输 (21)8.1贮存 (21)8.2运输 (21)第九章技术支持和质量保证 (21)9.1技术支持 (21)9.2质量保证 (21)9.3买方义务 (22)9.4售后服务 (22)22-附录：超滤系统流程图 (23)第一章公司简介杭州膜能膜分离科技有限公司是专注于高抗污染系列滤膜产品的开发、生产、推广和应用集成服务的高新技术企业，也是国内首家集中空纤维膜和平板膜生产于一体的设计制造商。
超级Proline PVDF管道系统说明书
Super Proline® PVDF Piping System SpecificationPART 1: GENERAL1.1 SummaryFurnish a complete PVDF piping system including piping, fittings, anchors, pipe supports, valves and associated pipe joining equipment.1.2 ReferencesA. The following standards apply to products used within this section:EN ISO 10931 supplement ADVS 2207ASTM D2657ASTM D3222B. The system design shall meet the requirements of ASME/ANSI B31.3 Chapter VII for design criteria where temperature andpressure fall within the limits of that code.1.3 System Description and Pressure RatingA. System shall be a piping system of material and pressure rating as specified below. System product pipe shall be capable oftransporting stated media under continuous exposure for 25 years.1.4 System Performance RequirementsSystem performance requirements shall handle the following:Primary PipeOperatingPressureOperatingTemperatureTest PressureMedia1.5 SubmittalsSubmit the following:A. Product data for each type of piping system specified including details of construction relative to materials, dimensions ofindividual components, profiles, and finishes.B. Welder certificates certifying that welders have been trained by the manufacturer of the piping system and comply with theinstallation procedures as outlined by ASME NM.1 and/or ASTM D2657 and/or AWS B2.4 and/or DVS 2207. All required training should be scheduled and completed at job start-up.C. Qualifications of firms supplying PVDF piping. Firms must have 10 years of experience in the installation (fusion welding) andoperation of a thermoplastic piping system.1.6 Quality AssuranceA. Obtain components from a single source having responsibility and accountability to answer and address questions regardingproper installation, compatibility, performance, and acceptance.B. Design and install piping to meet ASME/ANSI B31.3 where applicable manufacturer shall provide thermal stress analysisdemonstrating the ability of the piping system to handle the stated piping conditions.1.7 Delivery, Storage, and HandlingA. Deliver piping as a factory assembled unit with protective wrapping and/or coverings. All components shall be individuallylabeled for identification.B. Store products on elevated platforms in a dry location with protection from elements.C. Lift, support, and transport piping per manufacturer’s recommendations.1.8 WarrantyThe warranty period is one year after date of substantial completion for job installations lasting no longer than one year.Asahi/America is not responsible for failures due to installation error or neglect.PART 2: PRODUCTS2.1 ManufacturersSubject to compliance with requirements, products which may be incorporated in the work include: Super Proline® piping system as supplied by Asahi/America, Inc., of Lawrence, Massachusetts, 800-343-3618. No equal.2.2 MaterialsA. Product PipeASTM D3222 Type II suspension grade homopolymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin.2.3 Pressure Rated PipesComponents shall be pressure rated in accordance with DIN9080. Pressure rating is based on continuous service life of 25 years at 68° F (20° C).A. Product PipePVDF (Super Proline®) shall be SDR 21 pressure rated to 230psi at 68° F (20° C) for all diameter sizes1/2” – 2-1/2” (20 - 75mm) SDR 33 pressure rated to 150psi at 68° F (20° C) for all diameter sizes 3" - 12" (90 - 315mm). SDR 21 pressure rated to 230psi at 68° F (20° C) is available for diameters sizes 3" - 10" (90 - 250mm) as an option.2.4 Pressure Rated FittingsA. Product FittingsShall meet requirements of section 2.3.A.2.5 Non-pressure Rated FittingsLaterals, sanitary tees, etc. shall be pressure rated to a minimum of 10 feet H2O.A. Product FittingsSDR dimensions must meet requirements of section 2.3.A.2.6 Unlisted ComponentsAny special fittings, welded areas, etc. not supplied as part of the normal product offering shall be classified as unlistedcomponents. Products falling into this category shall be pretested to twice the maximum operating pressure for a period of two hours minimum.2.7 ValvesA. Pressure RatedValving arrangements shall be supplied preassembled and rated for 1.5 times the maximum operating pressures. Actuators, stem extensions, and other accessories shall be part of a preassembled package where appropriate.PART 3: EXECUTION3.1 InstallationA. Install piping to comply with manufacturer’s recommended procedures.B. Installers may be pre-qualified through sufficient training in butt fusion, socket fusion and IR fusion techniques according toASTM D2657 and/or AWS B2.4.C. Hot gas welding shall not be allowed for wetted components.D. Manufacturer/manufacturer’s representative shall provide on-site training in the assembly, installation, and operation of PVDFpiping system.3.2 TestingA. InspectionPrior to pressure testing, the system shall be examined for the following items:1. Pipe shall be completed per drawing layout with all pipe and valve supports in place.2. Pipe, valves, and equipment shall be supported as specified, without any concentrated loads on the system.3. Pipe shall be in good conditions, void of any cracks, gouges or deformation.4. Pipe flanges shall be properly aligned. All flange bolts should be checked for correct torques.5. All diaphragm valve bonnet bolts shall be checked for correct torques.6. All joints should be reviewed for appropriate welding technique.a) IR/Butt fusion welds: to have two beads, 360° around the joint.b) Socket fusion welds: to have full insertion depth of pipe and fitting.c) Electrofusion welds: to have full insertion depth of pipe and fitting.7. Verify that all high points are provided with an adequate vent for hydrotesting.B. Pressure Test for Pressure Systems1. PipeShould be tested hydrostatically to 1.5 times the operating pressure per local code or ASME B31.3 Chapter VII, part A345.Pneumatic testing of PVDF piping is not recommended. If required by end user, please take all the necessary safetyrequirements. Only air test pressure to 10psi for PVDF.C. Pressure Test for Non-Pressure Systems1. PipeProduct pipe shall be tested to 10 feet of H2O or less.PART 4: APPENDICESDisclaimer: This information is provided for convenience. For additional information, please consult Asahi/America’s engineering design guide or contact our engineering staff at 781-321-5409.4.1 Material PropertiesTable 1 - Material Properties4.2 Pressure RatingPermissible operating pressure for various materials used in PVDF piping systems based on years of operation and temperature.These values contain a system reduction factor of 0.8 for installation technical influences such as welding, joints, flange and bending loads.These tables are for water and safety correction factor would need to be applied for various chemicals. Consult Asahi/America’s engineering staff for chemical recommendations.Permissible operating pressure for PVDF piping systems based on years of operation and temperature. These tables are for water and safety correction factor would need to be applied for various chemicals. Consult Asahi/America’s engineering staff for chemical recommendations.Temperature 1 Year 5 Year 10 Year 25 Year 50 Year PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF° C ° F230SDR 21150SDR 33230SDR 21150SDR 33230SDR 21150SDR 33230SDR 21150SDR 33230SDR 21150SDR 3320 68 258.2 161.4 252.1 157.6 249.6 156.0 246.2 153.9 243.7 152.3 30 86 232.8 145.5 227.0 141.9 224.5 140.3 221.3 138.3 218.9 136.8 40 104 208.6 130.4 203.0 126.9 200.7 125.4 197.6 123.5 195.3 122.1 50 122 185.6 116.0 180.3 112.7 178.1 111.3 175.2 109.5 173.1 108.2 60 140 163.9 102.4 158.9 99.3 156.9 98.0 154.1 96.3 152.1 95.1 70 158 143.5 89.7 138.9 86.8 137.0 85.6 134.4 84.0 132.6 82.9 80 176 124.5 77.8 120.2 75.2 118.5 74.0 116.1 72.6 114.4 71.5 90 194 106.9 66.8 103.0 64.4 101.4 63.4 88.2 55.1 76.4 47.8 95 203 98.6 61.7 95.0 59.3 88.4 55.2 73.0 45.6 63.1 39.5 100 212 90.8 56.7 85.0 53.1 73.4 45.9 60.4 37.8 52.2 32.6 110 230 76.1 47.5 58.8 36.8 50.6 31.6 41.5 25.9 35.7 22.3 120 248 58.3 36.4 40.8 25.5 35.0 21.8130 266 40.8 25.5 28.3 17.7 24.2 15.1140 284 28.6 17.9Table App. A-8. Purad® PVDF Support Spacing (Feet)Nominal Diameter (inch)68° F/20° C86° F/30° C104° F/40° C122° F/50° C140° F/60° C158° F/70° C176° F/80° C½ 3 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 2¾ 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 21 3.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 2.51½ 4 3.5 3 3 3 3 32 4.5 4 4 3.53 3 32½ 5 4.5 4 4 3.5 3 33 5.5 54 4 4 3.5 3.54 65 5 4 4 4 46 7 6 6 5 5 4.5 4.57 7.5 7 6 6 5.5 5 510 8.5 7.5 7 6.5 6 6 5.512 9.5 8.5 8 7 7 6.5 6* Above values are based on water with specific gravity = 1.0. Correction factors must be used for denser fluids as follows: 0.90 for S.G. = 1.5, 0.85 for S.G. = 2.0, 0.80 and for S.G. = 2.5.。
PVDF膜组件技术手册2
目录第一章公司简介第二章欧凯中空超滤膜介绍第三章欧凯OK3系列膜组件性能第四章超滤装置的运行第五章系统的维护及故障分析第六章超滤装置的清洗第七章超滤膜组件的包装、运输与贮存第一章公司简介1.1公司概况杭州欧凯膜技术有限公司是由浙江大学和上海欧凯过滤技术有限公司共同投资组建的高新技术企业，注册于浙江大学国家大学科技园。
公司是“膜与水处理技术”教育部工程中心的产业化基地，拥有有自主知识产权的多种聚合物膜材料的制膜生产线 .公司研究和开发了多种新型的聚合物分离膜器件与设备,主要用于空气和水质净化、废水处理与中水回用、溶液浓缩、萃取回收等分离与纯化领域. 1.2研发与服务欧凯公司是以膜的研发和制造为主业的高技术公司,以浙江大学为技术依托，公司拥有国际知名的膜材料的研发专家和科研队伍,并有专业的水工业和环保领域的应用工程师，并有国际水平的检测仪器和各种实验平台，可以为用户提供详细的解决方案和周到的技术服务。
示差扫描量热计（DSC）压汞仪拉伸性能测试仪接触角测试仪相分离热力学测试仪第二章欧凯PVDF超滤膜介绍2.1、特性介绍2 。
1.1、具有优良的抗氧化性能一般来讲，膜在应用过程中的抗污染性能是永久关注的课题，而膜材质的化学稳定性大大的影响超滤膜的抗污染性能.聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)材质的化学稳定性最为优异,耐受氧化剂（次氯酸钠等）的能力是聚醚砜、聚砜等材料的10 倍以上。
在水处理中，微生物和有机物污染往往是造成超滤不可逆污堵的主要原因，而氧化剂清洗则是恢复通量最有效的手段，此时聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF）材质体现出了其优越性。
2.2.2、具有高强度采用自行研制的配方,使欧凯的超滤膜的抗拉伸强度和抗压强度与同类膜相比大大提高，这样更容易适应于恶劣的环境中使用并得到高强度的清洗条件.2.3.3、外压式结构设计采用外压式进水的结构设计，使膜元件的进水条件大大的宽松,进水颗粒的大小限制以及进水的悬浮物的浓度限制更为宽松。
OMEGA 纯 PVDF 流量监测系统说明书
F-29aFor maintaining critical product purity or for safe transport of highly corrosive acids, you can depend on OMEGA’s all-PVDF flow monitoring systems. Known for its superior heat-resistance and thermal stability, PVDF is quicklybecoming the preferred piping material in many ultra-pure water and acid transport applications. Using no dyes or stabilizers, OMEGA offers the only “pure” PVDF flow-monitoring system. Available for installation in pipe sizes ranging from 1⁄2 to 8", this system is easy both to install and maintain.For Ultra-PUre ConFidenCeCombine OMEGA’s PVDF flow monitoring system with your existing PVDF pipe—including SYGEF, PVDF, and SUPER PROLINE. This all-PVDF system completely eliminates the possibility of contaminated fluid product, making it perfect for measuring D.I. water in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical production.In addition, processes utilizing D.I. water in the semiconductor industry can be monitored with total confidence.For SaFe aCid tranSPortWhen pumping hydrofluoric acid to wafer etching tanks...processing sulfuric acid through water treatment skid for regeneration...or transporting harsh solvents, OMEGA’s PVDF flow monitoring systems provide rugged, corrosion-resistant construction.eaSy inStallationPVDF Sensor installation Tee fittings allow direct compatibility with SYGEF piping, joined by the fusion using special electro heating elements. The socket fusion process combines simple handling with high operational safety and reliability. When used in PVDF orSUPER PROLINE piping systems, a flange connection is recommended.alSo available: dUrablePolyProPylene(See FP-5300 SerieS)OMEGA also offers sensors and fittings constructed of durable polypropylene. This lightweight material is strong enough for awide range of fluid applications, and polypro is rugged for longer wear, which saves you money by reducing replacement and servicing costs.Replacement Rotor/Paddlewheel Model FMK-1538-2Replacement Hastelloy-C Rotor Pin Model FMK-1546-2Replacement PVDF Rotor and Rotor Pin Model FMK-51545-1PURE PVDF FL0W MONITORING SYSTEMSPVDF FLOW SENSORFP-5100 SeriesPvdF rotorFP-5115 PvdF sensor installation fitting, sold separately.1⁄2 FnPt Conduit adaptorShown actual size.F-29bF1length Ordering Example: FP-5100, PVDF/Hastelloy C paddlewheel sensor.SPeCiFiCationSelectrical: Same as Model FP-5300Maximum viscosity:5 fps velocity Materials:transducer Housing: PVDF o-rings: FKMShaft: Hastelloy C (PVDF optional) rotor: PVDF tee Fitting: PVDFCable:than actual size.reliabilityaccuracy and ±0.5 fps repeatability.F-29cPRESSURE/TEMPERATURE CHARTSFor FP-5100, FP-5300 and FP-8500 Series Sensors and Associated Fittingsnote: All pressure/temperature ratings listed are for water under non-shock conditions with no pressure cycling. Various chemicals and cycling pressures up and down can weaken plastics. Fittings must be installed so that the fitting does not carry the weight of the piping and does not suffer from thermal expansion stresses. Water hammer, fluid surges, and cavitation must always be avoided. If the end user elects to thread the plastic fittings with socket ends, the pressure rating will be substantially decreased.FP-5100, FP-5300 and FP-8500 Series SensorsPressure/temperature ratingsWarninG: THE ABOVE PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE CURVES ARE SPECIFICALLY FOR THE FP-5100. FP-5300, AND FP-8500 SENSORS. DURING SYSTEM DESIGN, THE SPECIFICATIONS OF ALLCOMPONENTS MUST BE CONSIDERED. IN A METAL PIPING SYSTEM, A PLASTIC SENSOR WILL REDUCE THE SYSTEM SPEC. ON THE OTHER HAND, IF USING A PVDF SENSOR IN A PVC PIPING SYSTEM, THE FITTING WILL REDUCE THE SYSTEM SPEC.PvC and CPvC tees and SaddlesThese ratings are for PVC and PVDF fittings. For all metal fittings 10" and larger, a PVC insert is used; for 8" and below, a PVDF insert is used. Use the appropriate curve to determine the maximum pressure rating of these fittings.。
外压式PVDF超滤膜技术手册(2011版)
外压式PVDF超滤膜技术手册(2011版) 外压式PVDF超滤膜技术手册(2011版)引言：外压式PVDF超滤膜是一种重要的膜分离技术，广泛应用于水处理、生物医药等领域。
本手册详细介绍了外压式PVDF超滤膜的原理、工艺、应用以及使用注意事项等内容，旨在为相关行业从业人员提供指导和参考。
第一章 PVDF超滤膜概述1.1 PVDF超滤膜的定义1.2 PVDF超滤膜的特点1.3 PVDF超滤膜的分类第二章 PVDF超滤膜原理2.1 渗透压理论2.2 PVDF超滤膜的通透性原理2.3 质量输运理论第三章 PVDF超滤膜制备工艺3.1 PVDF超滤膜的材料与配方3.3 PVDF超滤膜的后续处理工艺第四章 PVDF超滤膜应用4.1 水处理领域4.1.1 饮用水处理4.1.2 工业废水处理4.2 生物医药领域4.2.1 药物分离纯化4.2.2 生物制药中的应用第五章 PVDF超滤膜的使用注意事项5.1 前处理工艺5.2 PVDF超滤膜的使用条件5.3 维护与保养第六章附件本手册涉及的附件包括：6.1 PVDF超滤膜制备工艺流程图6.2 PVDF超滤膜性能测试标准附录一、法律名词及注释1、法律名词：知识产权注释：指包括专利权、商标权、著作权等在内的个人或集体对其所创造的作品、发明、商标等所享有的法定权益。
2、法律名词：环境保护注释：指为保护环境、促进生态平衡以及防止环境污染、生态破坏等行为而制定的法律规定和政策措施。
3、法律名词：安全生产注释：指为保障人民生命财产安全，维护社会稳定和经济发展，对生产经营单位的生产安全活动进行管理、监督和促进的法律法规。
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2004年1月除浊用PVDF中空微滤膜组件［HFM系列］使用说明书东丽株式会社水处理事业本部膜产品事业部电话：+81-47-350-6030地址：日本国千叶县浦安市美浜１丁目８－１传真：+81-47-350-6066邮编：279-8555 URL http：//www.toray.co.jp/---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 东丽(中国)投资有限公司水处理事业开发部电话：+021-6841-1470地址：上海浦东新区银城东路101号汇丰大厦10楼传真：+021-6841-2454(原上海森茂国际大厦) 邮编：200120东丽水处理事业开发部北京代表处电话：+010-8775-1668地址：北京朝阳区东三环路18号2—1—803 传真：+010-8775-1876邮编：100022 E —Mail: KevinJK@目录I．关于HFM系列 (2)1．序言2．膜组件的特征3．膜组件的主要用途II．安全使用 (4)III．使用膜组件时的注意事项 (5)IV．膜组件的规格 (7)V．膜组件的形状 (8)VI．膜组件的安装方法 (10)VII．膜组件的运行方法 (12)1．过滤2．反洗和曝气3．温度修正VIII．膜组件的化学清洗方法 (17)IX．膜组件的保管方法 (20)1I．关于HFM系列1．序言［HFM-系列］是东丽集团在长年积累的高分子化学技术·制膜技术的基础上研制开发的除浊用中空丝MF膜组件。
这种大容量的膜组件适用于大规膜的水处理工艺。
膜材料选用了具有很强的物理耐久性和抗化学腐蚀性的聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF），可以用来处理各种原水。
该膜材料具有相当高的物理强度，对于利用气流进行频繁的物理清洗（空气表面冲洗），也具有很强的耐久性。
膜表面的过滤孔径（通称孔径）非常细小，其标准孔径为0.08μm，能有效去除大肠杆菌等细菌，对除去隐胞子虫等病原性原生动物类生物也很适用，使用范围非常广泛。
2．膜组件的特征（1）成本低，占地面积小·膜组件的单位过滤膜面积为72m2（HFM-2020），少量的膜组件能进行大水量处理。
·膜丝充填率高，能够进行高回收率运行。
·MF膜可在低压下进行高流束运行，使单位膜面积的处理量变得更大。
·外压式全量过滤方式的运行操作简单易行，而且在低压下也能够运行，因此可以节约电能，降低成本。
（2）使用寿命长·膜材料使用的是耐化学药剂性能很强的聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）材料，能够耐用酸，碱，氧化剂等化学药剂的清洗。
·具有很好的机械性能（强伸展特性），即使反复进行利用气流的物理清洗（空气表面冲洗），也具有很好的耐久性。
（3）处理原水的范围广·膜材料使用的是耐化学性很强的聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）材料，适用范围非常广泛。
·使用外压式全量过滤方式，对高混浊度的原水处理也很适用。
（4）高除浊性能·由于膜表面的孔径非常细小，为0.08μm，能够得到稳定良好的过滤水质。
（5）安全性高·膜组件由安全性很高的零部件构成，适用于饮用水处理(已经取得了[日本水道用膜组件的规格认定]证书，认定编号膜モ认第151号)。
3．膜组件的主要用途·自来水的净化处理·地下水·井水的除浊、除菌处理·代替混凝沉淀砂过滤等常规处理·反渗透膜装置的前处理·可利用于离子交换树脂处理法不能除去的微粒·悬浮物的除去·食品·医疗领域的加工用水的除浊，除菌，精制·纯水·超纯水的精制，其排水的再利用·生活污水二次处理水的中水再利用·一般工程排水的深度处理II．安全注意事项在使用膜组件之前，请务必阅读以下注意事项，并请遵照执行。
III．使用膜组件时的注意事项为了最大限度地发挥膜组件的性能，请注意以下事项。
1．在使用膜组件之前，请不要排除内部的保存液体。
中空丝膜如果变干燥的话，其性能就会下降以致不能正常使用，所以当暂时中断运行时，请往膜组件内注入清水以保持湿度。
2．防止膜组件发生冻结。
3．膜组件容器是用塑料制成的，使用时请注意不要掉落导致破损。
4．HFM－2020的接合部是配水管耐震接头（维克托利科型管接头）。
在与配管等接续时，请按照配水管耐震接头G型施工要领书正确安装。
如果安装方法不正确的话，可能会导致膜组件的破损。
5．HFM－2008，HFM－1010的接合部是由1英寸·金属箍构成。
在与配管接续时，请注意不要箍得太紧。
如果箍得太紧的话，可能会导致膜组件的破损。
6．在接合部，除了润滑剂以外，请不要沾上其他的油分·污垢。
7．请垂直安装膜组件。
如果不垂直的话，进行空气清洗时会降低清洗效率，敬请注意。
8．在膜组件通水之前，请务必冲洗配管等部件，并确认没有污垢。
9．在进行通水时，膜组件内有时会残留空气。
为了防止由于水锤导致的膜组件和中空丝膜的破损，请缓慢进水，充分排除空气。
10．进行过滤运行时，请不要给膜元件过度加压并注意供水温度。
膜元件的最大供给压力为300kPa（≒3kgf/cm2），如果过度加压的话会导致膜组件以及中空丝膜的破损。
最大供水温度为40度，如果超过此温度的话，会导致膜组件以及中空丝膜的破损。
11．根据原水水质性状设定适当的运行条件。
因为过滤水流量，物理清洗条件等运行条件会对膜的使用寿命，药剂的清洗频率有影响。
根据原水性状，对于一支膜组件，标准的过滤水流量为：HFM－2020，50～200l/min(3～12m3/h)HFM－2008，8～30l/min(0.48～1.8m3/h)HFM－1010，5～20l/min(0.3～1.2m3/h)反洗流量以过滤水流量的1.5～2倍为基准。
12．空气清洗时，请设定适当的空气流量。
过度的气流导入会引起中空丝膜的破损。
对于一支膜组件，标准的空气流量为HFM－2020，200Nl/min（压力：50kPa以下）HFM－2008，50Nl/min（压力：50kPa以下）HFM－1010，50Nl/min（压力：50kPa以下）13．用化学药剂清洗时，请在适合条件下进行。
由于在不同条件下，或药剂使用错误的话，膜元件的性能就会下降，或导致中空丝膜的破损，敬请注意。
表1.HFM系列的产品规格*1*1：本规格说明，有时会在没有事先预告的情况下有所变动，请给予谅解。
*2：从模型物质（聚苯乙烯乳胶）得到的推算值。
*3：不同于设计过水通量。
设计方面的具体问题，请与敝公司进行磋商。
测定条件供水：纯净水供水水温：25℃供水压力：10kPa*4：1kPa≒0.01kgf/cm2符号说明①膜过滤水出口／反洗供水口②排气口／反洗排水口③膜供水入口④清洗空气供给口／排水口各管部件的连接图1. HFM－2020中空丝膜组件外形图图2.HFM－2008外形图图3.HFM－1010外形图VI．膜组件的安装方法膜组件（HFM－2020）的安装方法的一例如下。
* HFM－2008、HFM－1010的连接口是金属箍(Ferrule Gasket, Clamp Union Fittings)，只需将下述内容中的配水管维克托利科型接口(Victaulic Joint)用金属箍替换即可。
1．请将膜组件从包装箱中取出，放在已置好的相应的架台上。
膜组件必须垂直放置，用挂钩将其固定在架台上（图4）。
·膜组件外壳材料为氯乙烯树脂，箍得过紧的话，可能会导致膜组件的破损，请注意。
·膜组件在使用之前，请不要排除内部的保存液体。
中空丝膜如果被干燥的话，性能会有所下降甚至不能使用，膜组件暂时中断运行时，请往膜组件内部注入清水以保持湿度。
·请注意不要让膜组件冻结。
2．膜组件如图1所示，从①～④共有四处连接口均采用维克托利科型管接头，分别将连接口处的密封栓卸下，与配管连接。
3．确认膜组件是否被垂直安装。
图4. 膜组件的安装方法·在安装时，请注意在连接口处不要沾上油分或污垢。
·HFM －2020的接合部是采用维克托利科型管接头。
在与配管等接续时，请按照配 水管连接G 型施工要领书正确安装。
·HFM －2008，HFM －1010的接合部是由1英寸的金属箍构成。
在与配管接续时， 请注意不要箍得太紧。
·没有被垂直安装时，空气清洗时清洗效果会有所下降，请注意。
Ĥ×é¼þ¼Ų̈VII ．膜组件的运行方法1．过滤（1）运行开始前，请仔细确认配管内已经被清洗干净，膜组件周围的配管都已经连接好。
配管的例子如图5所示。
图5. 过滤流程一例（2）确认供水阀（V －1），排水阀（V －3），空气洗净阀（V －2）处于[关]的状态。
（3）将反洗排水阀（V －4）置于[开]。
另外，确认过滤水出口侧置于开放状态。
（4）缓缓打开供水阀（V －1），使原水通过膜组件内，将内部的空气排除。
（5）确认膜组件内的空气全部排完后，将反洗排水阀（V －4）置于[关]。
´ÎÂÈËáÄƲ۴ÎÂÈËáÄƼÓÒ©±Ã通水时请注意不要突然打开供水阀（V －1）以免产生水锤，导致膜组件以及中空丝膜的破损。
（6）确认过滤水流量。
（7）停止时，缓缓将供水阀（V －1）置于[关]。
2. 反洗和空气清洗反洗和空气清洗，是为了保证膜组件的长期稳定运行所必须进行的定期物理清洗。
关于此物理清洗的频率，会根据原水水质等诸条件的不同有所变化。
详情请与敝公司联系。
反洗和空气清洗的流程图如图6所示。
图6. 反洗及空气清洗的流程·请注意不要过度加压，以免导致膜组件以及中空丝膜的破损。
膜组件的最大供水压力为300kPa （＝3kgf/cm 2）。
·应根据原水性状设定适当的运行条件。
过滤水流量，物理清洗条件等运行条件会对膜的使用寿命，药剂的清洗频率产生影响。
根据原水性状，标准的过滤水流量为：一支HFM －2020膜组件为50～200l/min （HFM －2008为8～30l/min ，HFM －1010为5～20l/min ），反洗流量是过滤水流量的1.5～2倍。