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Beijing Opera or Peking Opera is a form of Chinese opera which
arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and
recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely
popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes(剧团)are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south. The art form is also enjoyed in Taiwan, and has spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan.
Beijing Opera features four main types of performers. Performing troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary(第三位的)performers. With their elaborate(精心制作的)and colorful costumes, performers are the only focus on Beijing Opera’s characteristically small stage. They make use of the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. Above all else, the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements. Performers also hold a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production. The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music. The music of Beijing Opera can be divided into the Xipi and Erhuang styles. Melodies include arias(唱腔), fixed-tune melodies, and percussion patterns. The repertoire(保留剧目)of Beijing Opera includes over 1, 400 works, which are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life.
In recent years, Beijing Opera has attempted numerous reforms in response to sagging audience numbers. These reforms, which include improving performance quality, adapting new performance elements, and performing new and original plays, have met with mixed success. Some Western works have been adopted as new plays, but a lack of funding and an adverse political climate have left Beijing
Opera’s fate uncertain as the form enters the 21st century.
【语篇概述】本文就中国京剧的形式、唱腔、历史及发展作了简要阐述。

Ⅰ. Skim the passage and find out the main idea quickly.
答案:This passage is mainly about the short history, types, features, performance and future of Beijing Opera.
Ⅱ. Read the passage again and choose the best answers.
1. How long has Beijing Opera become an art form?
A. More than two centuries.
B. About one and a half centuries.
C. More than one century.
D. About half a century.
【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句可知京剧开始于公元18世纪晚期, 那么它距今已有200多年的历史, 也就是两个多世纪。

2. How many art forms of Beijing Opera are there at present?
A. Two including Beijing and Tianjin in the north.
B. Two including Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south.
C. Three including Beijing and Tianjin, and Shanghai in the south and Taiwan.
D. Five including Beijing and Tianjin, and Shanghai in the south, Taiwan, US and Japan.
【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句可知京剧形式主要有北方的京津京剧和南方的沪剧。

3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The standard to estimate a performer is the amount of his/her movements.
B. Performers can take different stylistic traditions in the plays.
C. It’s necessary to keep movements along the music in time.
D. The content of Beijing Opera is plentiful but much fixed.
【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第二段中the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements可知A项描述不正确。

其余三项均可根据第二段的后半部分判断出来。

4. What will be the future of Beijing Opera?
A. Very bright.
B. Certainly good.
C. More popular.
D. Much uncertain.
【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

根据文章最后一句可知, 京剧的未来是不确定的。

Ⅲ. Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
1. What’s the meaning of the word“sagging”in the first sentence of the last paragraph?
2. Please give a piece of advice for saving Beijing Opera, the national essence of our culture.
答案:1. It means less or declining/reducing.
2. To have Beijing Opera lessons in school and also make it a subject of examination in primary and middle school.。