D_阅读理解之事实细节题——真题再现
考研英语阅读“事实细节题”详解
考研英语二阅读理解（A）部分事实细节题是常考题，考生在复习的时候应该认真备考，对所考查的题型应该有一个很好地理解；在以下的论述中，英语考研辅导专家们将就其考查类型和考查位置，为广大的2012年的考生们进行详细地剖析。
一、考查类型事实细节题主要是考生广大考生是否掌握了阐述主题的事实以及细节的能力，通常情况下，它可以分为两种：1，列举题这种类型的题目又可以分为4类，第一，一句话列举，即根据某个选项的语言提示，回归到所提供的文章中寻找到一句话，这句话包含了三个选项的内容。
第二，部分列举，即根据题目所给定的意思，回归到文章发现连续两三句话和三个选项的内容有关联，第三，段落列举，题干语言在某段首会出现，通常情况下，这个句子为段落的主题句，换言之，三个选项的内容会在这个段落中找到，第四，文章列举，此时选项的内容会和整篇文章联系起来。
综上所述，一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的提示词，从而我们可以根据它所提供的这个显著特征来答题，而文章列举题和部分列举题的处理办法是：先做完其它类型的题目，然后再处理它们。
它常会以以下的形式出现：Which of the following statements is correct?Which of the following is true?Which of the following statements is not true?2，直接事实题此类题型主要是涉及到所给短文中某个具体事件的原因、过程、内容及时间等。
通常为原文的同义转换或替换。
通常出现的形式是：How did…happen?What does the author mention…?What causes…?Why is it necessary for sb to do…?二、考查位置1，比较处常考在做阅读理解的时候，考生尤其要注意表示比较的句子，通常有as…as…的结构，形容词或副词的比较级、最高级。
除此外，一些表示比较的动词也要尤为注意，比如match, parallel, rival等。
高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之事实细节题型(正稿)
高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之事实细节题型阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心，分析选项的特点是基础，读懂原文的主旨是条件。
做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。
事实细节题型高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；……《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求的第一点是理解主旨要义。
第二点就是理解文中具体信息。
理解文中具体信息是阅读理解的基础，是考生透彻理解文章主旨要义的条件。
具体信息是围绕文章主题展开的，是对文章主题的进一步解释说明，以便让读者更好地了解作者的写作目的、意图等。
对应的题型就是事实细节题型。
主要考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。
该题型是阅读理解部分的主要题型，几乎占了阅读理解的二分之一。
充分理解文章具体信息，不仅有助于事实细节题型的答题，而且有助于其他题型的答题。
事实细节题型特点事实细节题型主要考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。
通常会针对以下内容来出题。
1. 列举主要考查考生对文章里列出的具体内容是否都完全清楚，通常都是三点或四点，主要针对两种题型：Which题型（要求考生从选项中选出根据文章内容正确的选项）和except题型（要求考生排除三个正确的选项，选择根据文章内容错误的选项，通常称为“三缺一”）。
要求考生正确理解原文内容，并进行细致对比。
2. 转折与对比转折处常常是作者想要表达的内容，是语义的重点，一般通过转折词but, however, yet, actually / in fact / as a matter of fact 等或对比词unlike, not so / as …as, compared to等引导。
要求考生培养良好的逻辑思维能力，理解作者的真实意图。
最新2020年高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习 阅读理解 第Ⅱ题 专题一 事实细节类题目
第Ⅱ题阅读理解专题一事实细节类题目[命题特点]针对原文具体叙述本身设问，可以直接或间接的从文中找到答案，常以who，which，what，where等设问。
[考查重点](1)直接理解题(信息可在原文中直接找到答案)。
(2)语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。
[方法技巧]1．查读法(1)速读全文，明确段落中心句，掌握大意。
(2)按文章体裁、作者组材方式寻找关键信息词。
(3)找到细节，认真推敲甚至计算等。
2．按组材模式阅读(常见模式)(1)列举型：抓住作者所举事例。
(2)时间、空间型：掌握具体的时间、地点。
(3)分类、例证型：掌握例证的事实细节，以便得到答案。
(4)程序型：理清说明事物的顺序，从而得出答案。
(5)因果分析型：理清因果关系，从而推出答案。
(6)比较、对比型：通过比较，对比事实细节，找到答案。
(7)留意不含阿拉伯数字，但代表时间或数量的单词。
如：at dawn(黎明时)，score(20)，fortnight(14 days)，century(100 years)，quarter(14/15 minutes)，decade(10years)，a season(3 months)，week(7days)，couple (2个)，double/doubled(翻倍)，multiplied(乘)，be divided(除以)，average(平均)，sum(求和)，in all(总共)。
Passage 1Last night's meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.According to the International Dark－Sky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。
阅读理解 细节理解题
第三部分
Usually，he arrived earlier than agreed，took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down.It seemed as if he enjoyed my company.But why did he never look at me? “Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” I thought.“Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later，when we were playing chess，he looked up at me suddenly. “It’s your turn，” he said.
第三部分
解析 推理判断题。因David失去了家人，怎么可能兴奋 face pale，and his hands shaking
呢？可排除选项A；由“He kept walking up and down restlessly，his slightly.”(他烦躁地走来走去，面色苍白，双手在微微地颤 抖)可推断，他进来时有点紧张，故选C项，在这种情况下他 不可能是“精神抖擞地走进来”，文中也没有相应的信息说 明这一点，可排除选项B；由“His head teacher had referred him to me.”中的时态可知，老师将David的情况告 诉作者是在David进来之前，且由he wrote可知，是老师写的 字条而不是亲自来了，故排除选项D。
高考英语阅读细节事实题课件
2018全国I, A
A Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C.
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变式应用
拓展备考
A 解析
1. As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-
of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each
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阅读理解技巧-细节事实题
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Strategies for Questions of Details 英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题)
事实细节题
猜测词义题
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阅读四大题型
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主旨大意题
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推理判断题
英语阅读理解题考查方式
练习题
3 计算题
Q1) ____ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35℃to 90℃. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275
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Reading material 2
Q： Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious.
事件
人物
方式
时间
因果
Not long ago. My wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.
高中英语真题：一、细节理解——事实细节题
一、细节理解——事实细节题——(2017·江苏，A)56．What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?A．A biography. B．A travel guide.C．A history book. D．A science fiction.答案C解析细节理解题。
由倒数第二段中的“While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories...this book also give s...”可知CHRONOLOGICA是一本书，再根据文章开头所说的这是一次穿越时间的迷人旅行(a fascinating journey through time)可判断这是一本历史书。
故选C项。
57．How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to re aders?A．By giving details of its collection.B．By introducing some of its contents.C．By telling stories at the beginning.D．By comparing it with other books.答案B解析推理判断题。
通读文章可知，作者提到了这本书的部分内容——罗马的建立，因特网的缔造，罗马皇帝及百年战争等。
故选B项。
一、题型解读事实细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类，活动安排类，书籍电影介绍类，演出信息类等。
设问方式以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
二、解题技巧——题干定位，寻找信息题干定位法是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法。
事实细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可以确定最佳答案。
“题干定位法”分为三步：第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。
高中英语考点精析：细节事实(阅读理解).doc
高中英语考点精析：细节事实（阅读理解）本类考题解答锦囊细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。
它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。
直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。
这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。
而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。
这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
这种题属于中档层次题。
在历年高考题中占大多数。
细节事实类题型多种多样，但有一些常见的方式：1．Which of the following is true／false／mentioned?2．What does the writer pay least attention to?3．Choose the right order of the events given in the passage．4．A1l the following statements are not true(true)except________5．Which of the following gmaps／diagrams gives the right position of．．．?一篇文章有了它所涉及的中心思想，即话题，确定了要表达的中心思想，还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或表达主题体现中心思想，因此细节是一篇文章的大部分篇幅，也是考生阅读过程中需要理解的主要内容，在阅读测试中，这类试题占大部分。
解题步骤：1．通读全文，即以最快速度读完全文。
目的让考生对文章内容结构有一个总体了解。
2．读题干，弄懂其含义。
3．带着题干问题重读文章。
用查读法(scannin8)，快速扫描文章，查找与设问内容相关的词语或句子，借助于同义词或同义结构；当题目涉及到时间、距离，以及其他用数字表示的细节时，有时需要计算才能得出答案。
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阅读理解之事实细节题——真题再现【2015·湖北】The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challen ges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping b ag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping a stronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,”Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the America n astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the Ameri can astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomput er anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one pl ace too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.Your inner ear thinks you’re falli ng .Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sic kness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. F or instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about ke eping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a r ound-trip to Mars.63. What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep positionB. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC. Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD. Finding a right time to go to sleep.64. The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.A. the y circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling65. Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the station66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after returning homeD. whether they are able to go back to the station【文章大意】：这是一篇说明文。
本文通过举例说明了太空生活的奇妙：在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势；宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛；宇航员的大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。
最后告诉我们美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心是宇航员回家后的修养期和如何在太空长久地保持健康。
63.A细节理解题。
根据第二段第一、二句“First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges.”可知在太空睡觉时，对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势。
故选A 项。
64. C细节理解题。
根据第三段中“But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. …You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache”可知宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛。
故选C项。
65. D细节理解题。
根据第四段中“Your inner ear thinks you’re failing. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standingstraight. That can be annoying-that’s why some people feel sick.”可知宇航员在大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。
故选D项。
66.B细节理解题。
根据最后一段倒数第一、二句“The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy…NASA is worried about two things :… and, more impo rtantly, how maintain strength and fitness…”可知美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心之一是如何在太空长久地保持健康。