英文翻译模板
4、英文翻译模板——参考样本
毕业设计（英文翻译）译文内容Using MCA to Segment New Car Markets（用多元类别分析进行新车市场细分）译文出处Journal of Marketing ResearchAug70, V ol. 7 Issue 3, p360-363, 4p, 2 charts系别：经济管理学院专业：汽车营销班级：T553-1学生姓名：晏子淇学号：20050530124指导教师：魏仁干Using MCA to Segment New Car MarketsBy: Peters, William H.. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), Aug70, V ol. 7 Issue 3, p360-363, 4p, 2 charts; (AN 5002921)PIn this study the mid-196O's new car market is analyzed by using a new, dummy variable, multivariate technique known as Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA).This approach helps provide a better understanding of this complex market and gives some interesting hints as to its possible future direction.INTRODUCTIONIn the years since Smith's article [3] aroused interest in market segmentation, there has been growing concern about the power of demographic variables to segment markets for many products. In fact, whether demographic analysis is of much help at all in defining markets or understanding buyer behavior has been questioned. In 1964 Yankelovich [6, p. 84] wrote: "In neither automobiles, soap, nor cigarettes do demographic analyses reveal to the manufacturers what products to make or what products to sell to what segments of the market."More recently the pessimism about the usefulness of demographic data in market segmentation was countered by Bass, Tigert, and Lonsdale [2]. They say that demographic variables have had such a poor performance record in past studies because these studies attempted to predict individual family buying behavior with demographics. On this basis, because of wide variations of buyer behavior in any market group, the multiple regression R^ values are almost always very low. But Basset al. write that: ". . . implementation of the strategy of market segmentation involves postulates about the characteristics and behavior of groups, not persons" [2, p.265]. They show how important buyer groups can be identified with demographics and thereby refute the idea that it is not feasible to define market segments by socioeconomic measurements. The essence of their argument is that "For market segmentation, the essential question is whether it is possible to identify groups of consumers with different mean purchase rates dependent on certain variables, such as income, age, and occupation"[2, p. 265].This author feels that a new, easy to use, dummy variable multiple regression program called Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) is ideally suited to perform this task efficiently. To present and explain the MCA pro-gram is the first objective of this article. The second is to put MCA to work analyzing the mid-1960's new car market and to show the results. These results allow for a much better understanding of this major, complex consumer market. Also, they provide some useful insights into the possible future direction of the new car market—in particular a hint at a possible reason for the current popularity of smaller cars and what this may mean for the future of small and medium-sized cars.THE STUDYData UsedThe data in this study were collected by personal interview for the 1966 and 1967 Survey of ConsumerFinances (SCF) by the Survey Research Center at theUniversity of Michigan. They are combined here. The subsample in this study used the automobile owned as the unit of analysis, with appropriate economic and demographic data about the family unit associated with each car. This subsample was all cars purchased new whose model year was 1963-67 (N = 2,051).VariablesThe dependent variable used throughout the study was the automobile class to which the car belongs, with five new car classes established generally on the basis of size: compacts, intermediate-sized, medium-sized, large, and foreign economy cars. The explanatory variable included: total family unit in come (all earned and unearned income except capital gains), age of the family head, head's occupation, family's housing status (rent/own), number of major income receivers (over $600 a year), number of children under 18, number of cars owned, number of adults (over 18),education and race of the head, number of drivers, who Journal of Marketing Research, V ol. VII (August 1970), 360-3USING MCA TO SEGMENT NEW CAR MARKETS normally drives, distance from center of central city, and house type. Total family unit income was expressed in terms of deciles—the lowest numbered one and the highest ten.MethodologyThe current version of MCA was developed in theearly 196O's at the Institute for Social Research at theUniversity of Michigan . It is a complex computer program that makes dummy variable multiple regression easy. While MCA has been used as an analytical tool in other branches of social science research (especially at the Institute for Social Research), it has yet to become well known in marketing. It has potential advantages in exploring multivariate marketing problems, and especially for group-type marketing segmentation, as suggested by Bass et al.The main advantages of MCA are:1.It makes deck preparation when doing dummy variable regressions very simple.。
英文翻译各种证件模板全集
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合同翻译模板英文
合同翻译模板英文Contract Translation Template[Your Name][Your Address][City, State, Zip][Email Address][Phone Number][Date][Client's Name][Client's Address][City, State, Zip]Dear [Client's Name],RE: CONTRACT TRANSLATION SERVICESI am writing to offer my professional contract translation services to assist you in translating your contract from Chinese to English. I have extensive experience in providing accurate and high-quality translations, ensuring that the linguistic and legal nuances of the original document are faithfully preserved.Below, you will find the terms and conditions of our agreement:1. Translation Scope:I will translate the entire Chinese contract into English, including all sections, provisions, and appendices. The translated document will maintain the same structure and formatting as the original text.2. Quality Assurance:I guarantee a high level of accuracy and will meticulously review the translated document to ensure it is error-free and ready for immediate use. I will also cross-reference legal terminology and consult relevant dictionaries and reference materials to ensure terminological consistency.3. Confidentiality:I understand the sensitivity of the information contained in your contract, and I assure you of complete confidentiality. I will not disclose any part of the contract or its contents to any third party without your prior written consent.4. Timeline:The turnaround time for the translation will depend on the length and complexity of the contract. However, I will strive to deliver the translated document within [number of days/weeks]. I will provide regular updates on the progress of the translation project.5. Payment Terms:My rate for contract translation is [rate per word/hour]. I will provide you with an accurate quote based on the word count of the document. Payment is to be made via [preferred payment method] upon completion and delivery of the translated contract.Please note that the terms and conditions stated above are subject to negotiation and amendment. If there are any specific requirements or preferences you would like to discuss, please do not hesitate to contact me.To proceed with the contract translation, kindly sign and return a copy of this letter by [deadline]. Upon receipt of the signed letter, I will prepare an official translation agreement for both parties to sign.Thank you for considering my services, and I look forward to the opportunity to work with you. Should you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to contact me at [email address] or [phone number].Yours sincerely,[Your Name]。
作文模板英语英文翻译
作文模板英语英文翻译英文回答：Introduction。
Hook: Begin with a captivating statement or question that grabs the reader's attention.Background information: Provide context and introduce the topic of the essay.Thesis statement: State your main argument or claim clearly and concisely.Body Paragraphs。
Topic sentence: Introduce the main idea of the paragraph, which should support the thesis statement.Evidence: Provide specific examples, facts, or researchto support your topic sentence.Analysis: Explain how the evidence supports your argument and connect it back to the thesis statement.Transition: Use a transitional phrase to connect to the next paragraph.Conclusion。
Restate thesis statement: Summarize your main argument.Recap main points: Briefly summarize the key points of your essay.Concluding statement: Draw a conclusion and provide a final thought or call to action.Example Template:Introduction。
工作证明英文翻译模板
工作证明英文翻译模板工作证明英文翻译模板从雇主那里提供工作证明书要注意的有下面几点：证明书要打印在公司信纸上面。
信纸上应该有公司的.详细地址及电话号码。
证明信应该有人签名，也应该有公司盖章。
以下是WTT整理的工作证明英文翻译模板，欢迎阅读。
工作证明英文翻译模板1date: to whom it may concern,this is to certify that has been working in shanghai fu xuan-jie & associates law office as lawyer assistant intern for year(s), since .sincerely yours,(company)工作证明英文翻译模板2proof of workit is my unit ( comrade) ( id number: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ department, engaged in _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ work has been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ years, hereby certify that.name of institution: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _day period: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _( seal)工作证明英文翻译模板3xxx xxx co. ltd126 nanjing road, shanghai, pr chinajuly 11, XXto whom it may concern:this is to certify that miss,,,,, has been working in our company as ……(职位)from june XX to july XX, mr wang is a diligent and creative staff, she successfully did……(自己填) mr wang also has a good sense of teamwork, he knows how to delegate and how to coordinate.mr wang has been entitled to a monthly salary rmb 6000, with house allowance for 1500 a month and healso was awarded a bonus for 25,000 last year for his outstanding performance.for further enquires, please feel free to contact me at +21 +2323244 or 1380 332 333sincerely yours, xxxxx(company seal)____________chief executive officer。
所有作文通用模板英语翻译
所有作文通用模板英语翻译英文回答：Introduction。
The introduction should engage the reader and provide background information on the topic. It should also state the thesis statement, which is the main argument of the essay.Body Paragraph 1。
The first body paragraph should provide evidence to support the thesis statement. It should include specific examples and details.Body Paragraph 2。
The second body paragraph should provide another line of evidence to support the thesis statement. It should alsoinclude specific examples and details.Body Paragraph 3。
The third body paragraph should provide a third line of evidence to support the thesis statement. It should also include specific examples and details.Conclusion。
The conclusion should restate the thesis statement and summarize the main points of the essay. It should also leave the reader with a final thought.Thesis Statement Template。
毕业证学位证英文翻译件模板
广西大学毕业证、学位证英文模板DIPLOMACertificate No: ⑴This is to certify that ⑵ , ⑶ , born on ⑷ , majoring in ⑸ in our university from September (6) toJune (7) and has completed the requirements as stipulated in a (8) -year undergraduate program with satisfactory results and is hereby granted graduation.President: (9)Guangxi UniversityDate: (10)说明：⑴证书编号⑵姓名拼音⑶性别⑷出生日期⑸专业方向(6) 入学年份 (7)毕业年份⑻学制年数 (9) 校长姓名拼音 (10) 毕业证书签发日期BACHELOR’S DEGREE CERTIFICATECertificate No: ⑴This is to certify that ⑵ , ⑶ , born on ⑷ , majoring in ⑸ in our university from September (6) to June (7) and has completed the requirements as stipulated in a (8) -year undergraduate program and is awarded the Bachelor of (9) upon graduation in conformity with the Degrees Regulations of the People’s Republic of China.Chairman: （10）Committee on Conferring of DegreeGuangxi UniversityDate: （11）说明：⑴证书编号⑵姓名拼音⑶性别⑷出生日期⑸专业方向⑹入学年份（7）毕业年份（8）学制年数（9）学科名称（10）学位评定委员会主席姓名（11）学位证书签发日期欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
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图3.Byford Creek滑坡长期蠕变运动，这清楚地表明了水库蓄水与滑坡长期低速移动之间的关系。
5抗震稳定性
克莱德大坝水库地区每年的监测记录表明，大约平均每发生10次地震，就会使得该地区产生强度为MM III级或者更大的震动。该地区地震活动频发，是由于新西兰地处太平洋板块与印度洋板块交界处边缘的地震活动带。水库库区的典型地震强度等级为MM III和MM V级。根据新西兰地震灾害模型预估，在这个地区大约每15年发生一次MM IV级的震动，而大约每300年才发生一次MM III级的震动。
毕业设计外文翻译
学院名称土木与水利工程学院
专业（班级）水利水电2011-1班
姓名（学号）黄翔（********）
指导教师张振华
系（教研室）负责人黄铭
新西兰克莱德大坝水库大型滑坡低速移动行为的观察与预测
D.F. Macfarlane
URS New Zealand Ltd, P O Box 4479, Christchurch, New Zealand
图1.克莱德大坝滑坡分布图
表1稳定滑坡的特征及修葺措施
滑坡
物理特性
修葺措施
区域ha
体积M3x106
最大厚度m
坡脚淹没深度m
支墩Mm3
隧道km
排水孔kmቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
渗透防护ha
克莱德
120
60
50
28
1.3
1
2.1
-
杰克森湾
23
5
46
35
1.2
0.5
7.6
-
Hintons
16
5
50
35
0.5
-
1.3
-
Dunlays
九个滑坡的稳压修葺工作，包括坡脚支撑、泵送排水、自流排水以及渗透防护等等，都是在1993年，于水库蓄水完成之前开始实施的。稳压修葺工作主要针对由于其尺寸、位置、活跃程度、水库堵塞造成不能承受的风险或者存在波浪损坏等的滑坡进行的。目的是为了抵消水库蓄水对于滑坡稳定性的影响，维持滑坡原有的蠕变性。Brown等人（1993年）阐明了稳压工作的全部方法和途径以及稳压计划的一个小部分。表格1也详细地说明了对于已处理过的滑坡所采取的稳压措施与方法，详情见下表1。
该地区以前曾多次发生由于地面震动而引起的测压管水位和排水孔流量剧增的情况，但是自从建立监测系统以来，并未检测到任何由于地震活动引起的明显的滑坡滑动。
达到一定规模的地震，会在任何受若干因素影响的滑坡中，诱发一定的滑动。诱发滑动的关键因素，包括现场的地震强度、地形以及方向的影响、滑坡的类型、地质以及地下水情况等等。尽管在低强度的震动作用下，也可能引起滑坡的失稳，但是依据国际经验，只有在震动强度达到MM VII至MM VIII级的时候，我们才需要实施有效的斜坡防护措施。根据Gillon and Hancox在1992年的记录，尽管在这个地区曾发生过大规模地震，至少在最后的16000年里曾发生过，但是没有任何一个滑坡能够提供因曾经经历过大规模地震而加速移动的证据。
摘要：沿着克莱德大坝水库边缘十七个滑坡中的九个滑坡的主要修葺工作，包括坡脚支撑，泵送排水，自流排水，渗透防护等等，都是在1992年至1993年间于水库蓄水之前开始实施的。作为联通电力有限公司实施的大坝安全组织计划的一部分，所有十七个滑坡体一直进行连续的监测与观察。与水库蓄水，风暴，洪水，长期持续的丰水期以及地震等控制事件相关的滑坡运动，是利用测斜仪、伸长计、调查等综合手段开展监测的。大部分的监测记录保存有15年之久，某些监测记录甚至超过了25年历史。超过100年的降雨量记录对于邻近地区来说也是行之有效的。其中四个较稳定的滑坡产生了由于水库蓄水引起的微小变形，其中一个由于不能再维持稳定，发生了轻微的加速移动；另外三个也检测到有微小的再生（二次）滑动情况发生。两处滑坡体证明了滑坡的移动速度与降雨情况大有关联，而与水库蓄水情况关系不明显。监测记录表明，已知的Brewery Creek滑坡体中已有滑动部分的运动，是由于压力值达到或者超过了临界压力值而引起的。其移动一直持续到压力值降低到临界压力值以下时才停止。部分Ripponvale滑坡的移动速度，随着长时间持续的降雨有所增加，它几乎不受水库蓄水的影响，同时滑坡也没有对坡脚处洪水位短暂或瞬时的增长作出任何的响应。滑移体A区域的数据表明，滑动受长时间持续丰水期的影响较为明显。依据到目前为止的监测记录，我们可以预测，当3 4个月的累积降雨量超过300mm的时候，滑坡会呈现出加速移动的现象。
（C）2009 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
关键词：滑坡 监测 移动速度 降雨影响 预测
1引 言
隶属于联通电力有限公司的克莱德发电站，是位于新西兰南岛上的一个432 MW的利用水能的水力发电站。克莱德大坝保留了发电站的压力前池，并可在1m范围内进行操作。压力前池淹没了克伦威尔峡谷沿岸的大部分低速移动的或者静止的滑坡坡脚部分（见图1）。总的来说，滑坡体积较大，但是特征微妙，缺乏显著突出的陡坡，大部分是属于片岩地区的地质倾向坡这样一种破坏类型。其中较大的滑坡有超过200m厚。地质迹象（见Mcsaveneyet al.,1992）表明，它们至少有5000年的历史，有些甚至可能超过了25000年的历史。
确定水库（Dunstan湖）蓄水前的先期移动速度；
监测水库蓄水期间以及蓄水之后的滑坡行为；
考虑监测中的滑坡行为。
已安装的仪器包括：
大地测量仪，用以建立斜坡移动向量；
射线遥感测距仪，用以监测滑坡表面移动的一般模式；
已安装的倾角仪，用以监测滑坡内的地表以下岩石的移动速度以及滑体基础的移动水平；
安装在钻井中的压力计，用以监测随着水库蓄水位变化的地下水位；
Byford Creek
Two Bridges
Flying Fox
Bannockburn
Pipeclay Gully
Brewery Creek
(Active Portion)
4长期蠕变行为
以往年份的变形监测记录表明，克伦威尔峡谷的许多大体积滑坡呈现出长期低速移动的蠕变趋势。例如克莱德滑坡，其受外部因素诸如降雨、水库蓄水以及地震等的影响较小，呈现出约4mm/年的长期滑动趋势（见图2）。其他的滑坡（如Byford Creek滑坡，见图3）虽然受水库蓄水的影响比较大，但是也有着类似的蠕变趋势。
从图5我们可以看出，自1950年以来，克伦威尔镇的降雨可以分为三个明显的阶段：
第一阶段：1950年至1967年，除了1956年末至1958年中那段时间，降雨始终低于月降雨平均水平；
第二阶段：1989年至1993年末，也就是在库水充盈期以及库水充盈期间之前，降雨较多年长期平均水平更低；
第三阶段：自水库蓄水以来，共发生了三次较大的长时间的持续降雨。每次降雨对于克伦威尔1850年以来的降雨记录来说，都有着显著的和不同寻常的特点。这些降雨分别发生于1993年12月至1994年3月、1995年12月至1996年1月和1999年11月至2000年1月。
图5.克伦威尔1995-2001月降雨量土方累积曲线
表3克伦威尔1950年至2001年降雨情况表
Last day of event
No. of raindays
Rainfall total (mm)
53
18
80
24
-
1.1
4.7
-
5号湾
126
60
100
40
0.2
0.8
6.3
-
Nine mile DS
900
N 1000
160
40
-
4.2
12.8
-
Nine mile US
260
240
150
40
1.4
3.1
16.2
-
啤酒湾
149
80
160
40
2.5
3.2
15.6
-
Carmmuir
67
20
85
Nil
-
Jackson Creek (upper）
Jackson Creek (lower)
Hintons
Dunlays
No.5 Creek
Nine Mile Downstream
Nine Mile Upstream
Brewery Creek
Cairnmuir
次要影响滑坡
Ripponvale
Cornish Point
1.2
22
3.4
克伦威尔
7.5
3
35
40
0.4
-
-
-
2已安装仪器
在上世纪八十年代末九十年代初，水库蓄水之前，克莱德大坝水库滑坡已经安装了大量的监测仪器，用以监测滑坡的移动以及地下水位在水库蓄水之前，蓄水期间以及蓄水之后的变化（Macfarlane and Gillon, 1996）。监测计划致力于解决以下问题：
图6清楚地再现了1991年至2001年间水库蓄水之前，蓄水期间以及蓄水之后的典型降雨过程的月降雨数据。主要有三个突出的特征：一、1993或1994年的夏季潮湿；二、1995年的春季和夏季比较潮湿；三、1999年12月份非常潮湿。所有这些都是在水库蓄水完成之后发生的。
随着每次降雨的发生，在不少滑坡中出现了地下水位急剧增加，同时排水量增加的现象，但是只有少数滑坡发生了基于降雨引起的微小变形。然后，地下水水位和水量逐渐恢复到先前的水平，同时滑坡的变形率也有所减小。距相关数据表明，完全恢复可能需要12个月的时间。
安装在排水隧道地下滑动基座上或者张力裂缝表面的延伸仪，许多都是远程监控，这使得移动速度的实时监测成为可能；
建立在排水隧道入口处的流动量水堰实行远程监控，这使得排水总量变化的实时监测成为可能。