英文小说从要素分析.doc

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(优选)小说的要素英文

Characterization is the process by which a writer makes the character seem real to the reader.
Methods of Characterization :
1.Direct: “he was an old man..” (The Old Man and the Sea) 2.Own Words and Actions 3.Reaction of other Characters 4.Physical appearance 5.Own thoughts
Falling Action or
RESOLUTION
the conclusion of a plot’s conflicts and complications. The resolution follows the climax in the plot.
Character
a person or animals or objects presented in a dramatic or narrative work
A static character does not change throughout the work, and the reader’s knowledge of that character does not grow, whereas a dynamic character undergoes some kind of change because of the action in the plot. A flat character embodies one or two qualities, ideas, or traits that can be readily described in a brief summary. They are not psychologically complex characters and therefore are readily accessible to readers.

英文小说从要素分析

英文小说从要素分析(总8页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Elements of Fiction - A Brief IntroductionA. Primary Elements: Plot, Character, Theme, Points of View, Symbol,SettingB. Secondary Elements: Imagery, Irony, Style & Tone, Exposition1. Plot - the sequence of events or incidents of which the story is composed/the arrangement of eventsthat make up a story/the complete pattern or design of the work.A. Conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills.a.Person against person.b.Person againstenvironment - externalforce, physical nature,society, or "fate."c.Person againstherself/himself -conflict with someelement in her/his ownnature; maybe physical,mental, emotional, ormoral.d.Person against God-Greek mythology.B. Artistic Unity - essential to a good plot; nothing irrelevant that does not contribute to the total meaning; nothing that is there only for its own sake or its own excitement.C. Plot Manipulation and Fabulation - a good plot should not have any unjustified orunexpected turns or twists, no false leads, and no deliberate and misleading information; fabulation is the introduction of the fabulous or unrealistic or gothic elements in an otherwise realistic setting.D. Story Ending: In a Happy Ending the stereotypical expectation is that the protagonist must solveall the problems, defeat the villain, win the girl, and live happily everafter. Unfortunately, many real life situations have unhappy endings; for the writers of serious fiction, the unhappy endings are more likely to raise significant issues concerning life and living.E. Types of Plot:a. Tragedy(noble)b. Comedy(less great/noble)c. Romance(less great/noble)d. Satire (used to teach lesson or present a point of viewF. Use of Plot:a. The structure of its actionsb. Order: 1st, 2nd, 3rd…c. To create(The author uses actions as a painter uses paints to create)d. To achieve particular words to create certain effect2. CharacterA. Direct Presentation - author tells us straight out, byexposition or analysis, or through another character.B. Indirect Presentation - author shows us the character in action; the reader infers what a character is like from what she/he thinks, or says,or does. These are also called dramatized characters and they are generally consistent (in behavior), motivated (convincing), and plausible (lifelike).C. Character Types - a Flat character is known by one or two traits; a Round character is complex and many-sided; a Stock character is a stereotyped character (a mad scientist, the absent-minded professor, the cruel mother-in-law); a Static character remainsthe same from the beginning of the plot to the end; and a Dynamic (developing) character undergoespermanent change. This change mustbe a. within the possibilities ofthe character; b. sufficiently motivated; and c. allowedsufficient time for change.D. Protagonist and Antagonist - the protagonist is the central character, sympathetic or unsympathetic. The forces working against her/him, whether persons, things, conventions of society, or traits of their own character, are the antagonists.3. Theme - the controlling idea or central insight. It can be 1. a revelation of human character; 2. may be stated briefly or at great length; and 3. a theme is not the "moral" of the story.A. A theme must be expressible inthe form of a statement - not"motherhood" but "Motherhood sometimes has more frustration than reward."B. A theme must be stated as a generalization about life; names of characters or specific situations in the plot are not to be used when stating a theme.C. A theme must not be a generalization larger than is justified by the terms of the story.D. A theme is the central and unifying concept of the story. It must adhere to the following requirements:1. It must account for all the major details of the story.2. It must not be contradicted by any detail of the story.3. It must not rely on supposed facts - facts not actually stated or clearly implied by the story.E. There is no one way of stating the theme of a story.F. Any statement that reduces a theme to some familiar saying, aphorism, or cliché should be avoided. Do not use "A stitch in time saves nine," "You can't judge a book by its cover, " "Fish and guests smell in three days," and so on.。

小说的要素英文ppt分析解析

Round characters are more complex than flat or stock characters, and often display the inconsistencies and internal conflicts found in most real people. They are more fully developed, and therefore are harder to summarize. Journey to the West
The Elements of Fiction
Fiction refers to any imaginary work portraying characters and events
Elements of fiction
Classification of fiction : novel, novelette, short story. Short short story.
Setting
The setting is the physical and social context in which the action of a story occurs. The major elements of setting are the time, the place, and the social environment that frames the characters. Setting can be used to evoke a mood or atmosphere that will prepare the reader for what is to come. Sometimes, writers choose a particular setting because of traditional associations with that setting that are closely related to the action of a story.

小说“阿拉比”英文赏析.doc

詹姆斯·乔伊斯是举世公认的二十世纪英国文坛巨匠。

他的早期作品《都柏林人》是一部由十五个故事组成的现实主义短篇小说集。

该小说集以作者的家乡都柏林为背景，生动地描绘了二十世纪初该城市的社会现实和人生百态，深刻地反映出当时社会麻木不仁的瘫痪状态，成功地展示了不同身份的人物同僵死和瘫痪的社会之间的激烈冲突以及他们失败之后痛苦不堪的感受。

作者从童年期、青年期、成年期和社会生活四个方面对这部小说集进行布局，揭示了当时社会政治、经济和道德的瘫痪。

《阿拉比》是该小说集中“童年期”的第三篇，描述的是一个少年对朦胧爱情的浪漫追求以及幻想破灭后的失望和痛苦。

在故事中，乔伊斯细致而深刻地刻画了主人公复杂的内心世界，展示了主人公在认识自我，走向成熟的过程中所经历的困惑、孤独和痛苦。

故事是以第一人称叙述的，主人公是一个天真无邪、正在成熟的少年，他居住的地方名叫“北理查蒙德街”，住处的周围是一些阴森森的楼房、幽暗潮湿的花园和满是泥泞的巷子。

然而，少年对这些并没有深刻的意识，直到他对“曼根的姐姐”产生了朦胧的“爱慕”之情时才有了一种孤独和茫然之感，因为他根本不知道爱情究竟是什么样的，也不知道如何表达自己对姑娘的爱慕之情。

当有一天他朝思暮想的“曼根的姐姐”主动和他说话，并告诉他该去“阿拉比”集市时，他的思想有了变化，他渴望去集市为心爱的姑娘买一份礼物。

可见少年去“阿拉比”的渴望是出于对心中朦胧的爱情的本能追求。

“阿拉比”这个具有阿拉伯异域色彩和东方世界神秘魅力的集市给他带来了希望和诱惑，寄托着他的爱情和理想，象征着他探索与追求的目标。

于是，去“阿拉比”集市意味着他开始了追求理想，寻找自我的“成长之旅”。

然而，当他几经周折到达集市时，“几乎所有的摊棚都关门了。

半个大厅里黑沉沉的。

我有一种孤寂之感，犹如置身于做完礼拜后的教堂中。

”当他困难地想起自己来集市的目的时，他随意走到一个摆着瓷花瓶和印花茶具的摊棚前。

他看见的却是一个女郎与两名英国男子调情的场面。

小说的要素英文 ppt课件

小说的要素英文
The ANTAGONIST is the character, force, or collection of forces that stand directly opposed to the protagonist and gives rise to the conflict of the story.
Objective POV- Records only what is seen and heard. In its purest form, objective POV would consist of only dialogue. Forces the author to refrain from interpretation.
Characterization is the process by which a writer makes the character seem real to the reader.
Methods of Characterization :
1.Direct: “he was an old man..” (The Old Man and the Sea) 2.Own Words and Actions 3.Reaction of other Characters 4.Physical appearance 5.Own thoughts
Discussions of plot include not just what happens, but also how and why things happen the way they do.
小说的要素英文
• Rising Action • Climax • Falling Action

英文小说从要素分析报告

Elements of Fiction - A BriefIntroductionA. Primary Elements: Plot, Character, Theme, Points of View, Symbol, SettingB. Secondary Elements: Imagery, Irony, Style & Tone, Exposition1. Plot - the sequence of events or incidents of which the story is composed/the arrangement of events that make up a story/the complete pattern or design of the work.A. Conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills.a.Person against person.b.Person againstenvironment - externalforce, physical nature,society, or "fate."c.Person againstherself/himself -conflict with someelement in her/his ownnature; maybe physical,mental, emotional, ormoral.d.Person againstGod-Greek mythology.B. Artistic Unity - essential to a good plot; nothing irrelevant that does not contribute to the total meaning; nothing that is there only for its own sake or its own excitement.C. Plot Manipulation and Fabulation - a good plot should not have any unjustified or unexpected turns or twists, no false leads, and nodeliberate and misleading information; fabulation is the introduction of the fabulous or unrealistic or gothic elements in an otherwise realistic setting.D. Story Ending: In a Happy Ending the stereotypical expectation is that the protagonist must solve all the problems, defeat the villain, win the girl, and live happily everafter. Unfortunately, many real life situations have unhappy endings; for the writers of serious fiction, the unhappy endings are more likely to raise significant issues concerning life and living.E. Types of Plot:a. Tragedy(noble)b. Comedy(less great/noble)c. Romance(less great/noble)d. Satire (used to teach lesson or present a point of viewF. Use of Plot:a. The structure of its actionsb. Order: 1st, 2nd, 3rd…c. To create(The author uses actions as a painter uses paints to create)d. To achieve particular words to create certain effect2. CharacterA. Direct Presentation - author tells us straight out, by exposition or analysis, or through another character.B. Indirect Presentation - authorshows us the character in action; the reader infers what a character is like from what she/he thinks, or says, or does. These are also called dramatized characters and they are generally consistent (in behavior), motivated (convincing), and plausible (lifelike).C. Character Types - a Flat character is known by one or two traits; a Round character is complex and many-sided;a Stock character is a stereotyped character (a mad scientist, the absent-minded professor, the cruel mother-in-law); a Static character remains the same from the beginning of the plot to the end; and a Dynamic (developing) character undergoes permanent change. This change must be a. within the possibilities of the character; b. sufficiently motivated; and c. allowed sufficienttime for change.D. Protagonist and Antagonist - the protagonist is the central character, sympathetic or unsympathetic. The forces working against her/him, whether persons, things, conventions of society, or traits of their own character, are the antagonists.3. Theme - the controlling idea or central insight. It can be 1. a revelation of human character; 2. may be stated briefly or at great length; and 3. a theme is not the "moral" of the story.A. A theme must be expressible in the form of a statement - not "motherhood" but "Motherhood sometimes has more frustration than reward."B. A theme must be stated as ageneralization about life; names of characters or specific situations in the plot are not to be used when stating a theme.C. A theme must not be a generalization larger than is justified by the terms of the story.D. A theme is the central and unifying concept of the story. It must adhere to the following requirements:1. It must account for all the major details of the story.2. It must not be contradicted by any detail of the story.3. It must not rely on supposed facts - facts not actually stated or clearly implied by the story.E.There is no one way of stating thetheme of a story.F. Any statement that reduces a theme to some familiar saying, aphorism, or cliché should be avoided. Do not use "A stitch in time saves nine," "You can't judge a book by its cover, " "Fish and guests smell in three days," and so on.。

英美小说要素解析1

Prose is different from poetry because it is not rhythimic.
Further definition of the genre is historically difficult. The construction of the narrative, the plot, the way reality is created in the works of fiction, the fascination of the character study, and the use of language are usually discussed to show a novel's artistic merits.
A specific novel can have these "eternal qualities" of art, this "deeper meaning" an interpretation tries to reveal.
/techniques/medi a/forster.html
A novelist can only begin to explore the value of human experiences by developing the characters of the story. But Forster emphasizes that characters are not real people; rather they are like real people.
<<霍华德庄园>>围绕家产继承权和女主人公的婚姻
铺叙了一个传统的“故事”。但是，在更重要的层面上，这是一部有关英国以及人类文明的寓言。

小说要素分析

1.In the story A Worn Path, is the grandson dead or alive? Give your reasons.I believe that in this story, the grandson is dead. This opinion is based on the following reasons:Firstly, from the nurse’s words we can tell that the ailment of the boy is caused by swallowing lye. There isn’t any description of how severe the illness is, butPhoenixsays that “from time to time” the boy loses the ability of swallowing and even breathing. So this is a severe case. How long can one live with this kind of disability? 6 months can be possible; 1 year is probable, too, if the one is lucky enough. But three years is somehow too long, especially when the boy doesn’t really get enough medical care.So it comes to the second point which was that the boy hasn’t received the proper treatment.Phoenixsays that every time when her grandson gets sick, she comes to get the medicine, which implies that the boy himself never really came to the hospital. Based on common sense, we can assume that the boy was not getting a best fit medicine, and never had a proper diagnosis. All he had was “soothing medicine” which is supposed to sooth the pain instead of to heal the illness.Moreover,Phoenix’s behavior when she gets to the hospital can somehow support my idea, too. The reason why the lady loses her mind is unknown, but it is possible that the confusion is caused by the sudden realization of her grandson’s death. Why she suddenly remembered the boy’s death? We can tell from the text that when she’s in her journey, she had no time to think about this, all she had in mind at that moment was a kind of blind bravery and insistence. In that state of mind the fact that her grandson is dead has no chance to come into her mind. But when she gets to the hospital, when her mind regains the abil ity of thinking, she becomes quiet and rigid. Losing one’s memory doesn’t give one a solemn face and rigid body; remembering something extremely painful does. And what’s the worst memory of her life? The death of her grandson is certainly a possibility.La stly, when thinking about this question from the author’s point of view, the answer is quite clear. The boy should be dead, just to make the story more meaningful, and to stress the theme. His death doesn’t really need a reason.Overall, based on the listed reasons, I hold the belief that the boy is dead.2.What’s the significance of the old lady’s name Phoenix? Support it.Phoenixis a mythological bird which is said to live 500 or more years, die in flames, and rise again from the ashes. In this story, the character Phoenix Jackson closely resembles the mythical bird in the following aspects.Firstly, there are some common points in their appearance. In mythology, phoenix is usually illustrated as a bird of gold and red, while in Welty’s work, Phoenix Jacks onwears a “red rag” on her head, with a “golden color” running under her wrinkled skin, and a “yellow burning” under her dark cheeks. And considering the lady’s name, from these colors derive the symbolic meaning which links this lady to the mythical bird phoenix.Secondly, the bird phoenix and the ladyPhoenixshare the similarexperience.Phoenixthe lady has a journey through a wood, where, in mythology, is the place that the bird phoenix dwells. Furthermore, just as the phoenix bird has a cycle of life, death and rebirth,Phoenixtakes a dangerous journey through the wood, repeating the process of coming to an obstacle, facing it and overcoming it. We can say that the lady’s journey resembles a cycle of the bird’s life and has the same meaning.Last but not the least, the spirit of the bird phoenix and the lady are almost identical. While the bird suffers from agony of dying in flames to embrace the new life, the lady suffers from the hardship of going through the journey to achieve her goal of getting her beloved grandson some medicine. Both of them go through pains for their greater goal, both of them struggled and both of them succeed. This can actually indicate the same spirit in them.Based on the reasons listed above, the namePhoenixis actually a symbolic element in the story. Linking the lady with the mythical bird, the author is trying to give us a look into the character by the first glimpse.The thorn bush was a large obstacle with an unexpected turn. When she snagged her skirt on this gnarled prickled mass of torture, she barely batted an eye. It caught her attention that her movements were now confined by the bush’s grasp, but she would not allow that to slow her down. Not only did Phoenix find it necessary to keep this dress in a perfect condition, but also knew that if she gave up now a strong feeling of regret would ensue. So, Phoenix pulled free and continued. Obstacles in life are merely meant to test the strength, but when we find ourselves stuck, remember what Phoenix said “Thorns you doin’ y our appointed work. Never want to let folks pass, no sir. Old eyes though you was a pretty little green bush”. She has said that she understands that those obstacles were mere tests and that life will throw them at you at any time. But, then she realizes that if in either human form or in this case, plant form, they are just as innocent as you, and deserve re!spect, no matter how brutal they seem. This was trying to enhance her travel and warn people to watch out for themselves, an attack can be so unexpected, that it can throw you off balance if you aren’t careful.As she passes through a cornfield, Phoenix bumps into an ominous figure swayingback and forth with the piercing wind. At first she merely recognizes it as a dead black man, placed there to act as a deterrent to anyone colored who would like to pass through this field. It...Narrative ElementsThe theme is the central meaning of the narrative, or what the story is about. The plot/structure are elements of the narrative that show the reader how and why different events and incidents occur within the story. The setting shows the reader where the story takes place. The point of view or narration comes in a variety of forms, including first-person, third-person omniscient or third-person limited. Characterization focuses on how the characters in the story are portrayed and what events or actions allow the characters’ true natures to emerge.Theme/Perspective/PlotThe theme of “A Worn Path” is strength in the face of adversity. It is relayed from the third-person point of view, giving the reader just enough distance from the main character and her conflict to see aspects of conflict that she does not. The plot is driven by Phoenix Jackson, an elderly woman who travels a familiar path through the woods to town during Christmas. She is in a hurry to get medicine for her grandson and return to him, and she faces many obstacles over the course of the journey. The tension of the story stems from the obstacles she encounters, which come from nature, society and herself, including barbed wire, a dog, a white hunter, and flashbacks or hallucinations that involve her grandson. CharacterizationJackson is the protagonist of the story, which presents a realistic portrayal of an extremely caring grandmother with possible dementia. The dementia is never stated directly; rather, it is implied through other narrative elements, namely the flashbacks. The story suggests that the grandson died many years ago after swallowing lye but that Jackson continues to believe that he is alive, suffering and in need of medication.Setting and Structure“A Worn Path” is set in the rural South, containing elements of both nature and society. In particular, Jackson travels both through the woods and into town. These two aspects of setting pose different kinds of obstacles for Jackson to overcome. In the woods, she faces the white hunter and the barbed wire, and in town she faces questions that she has trouble answering from the staff in the doctor’s office. The chronological structure of the story shows how she faces and responds to obstacles in present time, and the flashbacks show how she responds to thoughts about her grandson.。

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Elements of Fiction - A Brief IntroductionA. Primary Elements: Plot, Character, Theme, Points of View, Symbol, SettingB. Secondary Elements: Imagery, Irony, Style & Tone, Exposition1. Plot - the sequence of events or incidents of which the story is composed/the arrangement of events that make up a story/the complete pattern or design of the work.A. Conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills.a.Person against person.b.P erson against environment- external force, physicalnature, society, or "fate."c.Person againstherself/himself - conflictwith some element inher/his own nature; maybephysical, mental, emotional,or moral.d.P erson against God-Greekmythology.B. Artistic Unity - essential to a good plot; nothing irrelevant that does not contribute to the total meaning; nothing that is there only for its own sake or its own excitement.C. Plot Manipulation and Fabulation - a good plot should not have any unjustified or unexpected turns or twists, no false leads, and no deliberate and misleading information; fabulation is the introduction of the fabulous or unrealistic or gothic elements in an otherwise realistic setting.D. Story Ending: In a Happy Ending thestereotypical expectation is that the protagonist must solve all the problems, defeat the villain, win the girl, and live happily everafter. Unfortunately, many real life situations have unhappy endings; for the writers of serious fiction, the unhappy endings are more likely to raise significant issues concerning life and living.E. Types of Plot:a. Tragedy(noble)b. Comedy(less great/noble)c. Romance(less great/noble)d. Satire (used to teach lesson or present a point of viewF. Use of Plot:a. The structure of its actionsb. Order: 1st, 2nd, 3rd…c. To create(The author uses actions as a painter uses paints to create)d. To achieve particular words to create certain effect2. CharacterA. Direct Presentation - author tells us straight out, by exposition or analysis, or through another character.B. Indirect Presentation - author shows us the character in action; the reader infers what a character is like from what she/he thinks, or says, or does. These are also called dramatized characters and they are generally consistent (in behavior), motivated (convincing), and plausible (lifelike).C. Character Types - a Flat character is known by one or two traits; a Round character is complex and many-sided; aStock character is a stereotyped character (a mad scientist, the absent-minded professor, the cruel mother-in-law); a Static character remains the same from the beginning of the plot to the end; and a Dynamic (developing) character undergoes permanent change. This change must be a. within the possibilities of the character; b. sufficiently motivated; and c. allowed sufficient time for change.D. Protagonist and Antagonist - the protagonist is the central character, sympathetic or unsympathetic. The forces working against her/him, whether persons, things, conventions of society, or traits of their own character, are the antagonists.3. Theme - the controlling idea or central insight. It can be 1. a revelation of human character; 2. may be stated briefly or at great length; and 3. a theme is not the "moral" of the story.A. A theme must be expressible in the form of a statement - not "motherhood" but "Motherhood sometimes has more frustration than reward."B. A theme must be stated as a generalization about life; names of characters or specific situations in the plot are not to be used when stating a theme.C. A theme must not be a generalization larger than is justified by the terms of the story.D. A theme is the central and unifying concept of the story. It must adhere to the following requirements:1. It must account for all the major details of the story.2. It must not be contradicted by any detail of the story.3. It must not rely on supposed facts - facts not actually stated or clearly implied by the story.E.There is no one way of stating the theme of a story.F. Any statement that reduces a theme to some familiar saying, aphorism, or clichéshould be avoided. Do not use "A stitch in time saves nine," "You can't judge a book by its cover, " "Fish and guests smell in three days," and so on.精品资料。