高考英语时态和语态复习学案

高考英语时态和语态复习

一．时态和语态的主要考点

1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时，将来完成时一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。

2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。

3、延续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。

4、只有及物动词才有被动语态。

5、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。

一.一般现在时( The Present Indefinite )

Fill in the blanks.

I _____ (study) hard abroad every day and I _____ (get) along well with my roommates, but sometimes I _____ (miss) my families.

1)表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如always, often/ usually/frequently, sometimes, every…, at …,on Sundays/….

Correct the sentence.

The geography teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun. _______

2)表客观事实、普遍真理。

The shop will close at 9:00 p.m. _____

3) 表示按计划、规定，时间表将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 一般用于, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等位移/终止性动词，常与时间状语连用．

The train leaves at 6 tomorrow morning.

When does the bus start? It starts in 2 minutes.

一般现在时的典型例句

Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.

If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there.

3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you write to me.

注意一些特殊的连词until, as soon as , the moment, immediately ; as long as ,unless…

4. There comes the bus.汽车来了

There goes the bell.铃响了

二.现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)

1)表示现在这个时刻( 指说话时)正在发生的事情。

We ___________ (have) English class now.

2) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。

She ___________ (learn) piano under Mr. Smith at present.

The girl is always talking loud in public.

★进行时态与always, often/usually/ frequently/ constantly/all the time等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩.

3) 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的

动作,多用于位移/终止性动词,如: come, go, arrive, leave, stay, fly, take off.

I____________ (leave) tomorrow.

_____ you _______ (stay) here till next week?

4.现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情。

It’s late Autumn. The weather is getting colder and colder.

Correct the sentence.

All the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School. ________

注意：一般情况下，下面4类动词无进行时态：

(1)表心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, agree, mean, need

(2) 表存在的状态动词：have, appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。

(3) 瞬间动词：begin/start, allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。

(4)感官动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。

三. 现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)

1). 现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态, 通常用于延续性动词.

常与表一段时间的状语连用,如:so far, up to/till now, lately/recently, in/during/over the

last/past …, since…, for … 等．

He __________ (live) in Guiyang over the past 6 years.

2).说话前发生的一次或多次的动作，成为了一种经历，表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有: just ,already, yet, ever, never, once，twice，many times等.

We ____________ (finish) our lunch already.

______ you ever ______ (try) this method?

注意：

I have received his letter for a month. ( )

I haven't received his letter for almost a month. ( )

非延续性/瞬间/终止性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用于完成时态中，即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。如：begin/start, find, see, marry, buy，borrow, return, die, get 等。

练习：

1.Daniel __________ (live) in Beijing since he came to China.

2.The boys are tired. They _______________ (just play) a ball game.

3. I went to Egypt in 1986. Then in 2004 I went there again. I __________ (be) to Egypt twice.

since和for 填空

since +______ , 用来说明动作起始时间

for+_______ , 用来说明动作延续时间。

I have lived here ____ at least twenty years.

I have lived here ____ I was born.

现在完成时典型句型

My brother has never been abroad before.

It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

3. In (over ) the past 10 years, our school have changed a lot .

4. It is the first time that I have been there.

5. Howard is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known.

语法填空。

Welcome to our school. I’d like to introduce you plans for our school. A lot of work 1

____________(do)in the past few years. The library 2 ________________ (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work.

Tips:

固定的特殊句型：

1).It is (has been) +一段时间+since-clause.

2)This (That/It) is the first (second…) time + that-clause (现在完成时).

四.现在完成进行时

表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“从过去到现在一直在进行”。其时间的判定由具体的时间段或上下句的语境决定。

Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.

A.had considered

B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider

现在完成时和现在完成进行时的对比：

现在完成时和现在完成进行时都表示动作从过去开始，但现在完成时可表示事件或动作刚结束，而现在完成进行时则强调动作仍在继续。

Li Jia __________ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.)

Li Jia ________________ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.)

五. 一般过去时( The Simple Past Tense )

1.表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时间连用。如yesterday, last …, … ago, in …, then, just now, the other day等。

I __________ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends in the countryside several years ago.

2.表示说话人始料未及的事情，要用一般过去时。

I didn’t know it was you.

I never expected you would bring me a gift.

一般过去时的典型例句

He often sang when he was a boy.

2. ----Edward，you play so well. But I didn't know you played the piano.

3. —You speak very good French!

—Thanks. I studied French in Sichuan University for four years.

4.I think the film was interesting, but it isn’t.(T/F)

过去时和现在完成时

He has lived in Beijing for four years.

他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿）

He lived in Beijing for four years.

他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）

1.He has written to me frequently since I was ill.

2.He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.

句1从句谓语动词为状态动词

句2从句谓语动词为终止性动词

自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。

自从我生病以来，他屡次给我写信。

It is one year since he began living there.

It is one year since he lived there.

若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作结束或状态结束时算起”。

It is half a month since he was a student.

I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.

六. 过去进行时The past continuous tense

规则1：过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或频繁发生的动作.

(1) During the summer of 2010 she ___________ (travel) in Europe.

规则2：某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，常用于由when/while, as引导的时间状语从句中.

(2) I met Diana while I ____________ (shop) this morning.

★规则3：过去进行时可以表示委婉语气.仅限于wonder，want, hope等，用于提出请求。

3) I ____________ (wonder) if you could give me a lift.

5. As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep.

A. read … was falling

B. was reading … fell

C. was reading … was falling

D. read … fell

七. 过去完成时(had done)

表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事情或存在的状态。

表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况(过去的过去）

I had stayed in Beijing for three years by 2017.

当我去到机场时,他已经走了.

When I got to the airport,

_____________________.

他说他之前读过这本书.

He said______________________.

By the end of last month we have viewed scores of websites. (改错) ____________

7. The little girl ____ her heart out because she ____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.

A. had cried, lost

B. cried, had lost

C. has cried, has lost

D. cries, has lost

8. — Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.

— Oh! I thought they ______ without me.

A．went B．are going C．have gone D．had gone

规则2：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expected(＋that…/to do)或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped / planned… ＋to (have done)。

We arrived earlier than we_______________ (expect).

七. 过去完成进行时The past perfect continuous tense

结构：had been + v-ing

表示过去某个时间或动作之前一直进行的事情。

They had been learning abroad for 6 years till last month.

Bob __________________(serve) in the army before he became a journalist.

八．一般(过去)将来时( The Simple/Past Future Tense )

1.表示(过去)将来/要发生的动作或存在的状态。

will/would +v.

The employer _________________ (interview) all the employees next Wednesday.

.表(过去)计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。

am/is/are(was/were) going to +v.

Professor Smith ____________________ (lecture) on modern drama tonight.

The dark clouds is/was gathering. There ________________ (be) a storm.

3. am/is/are(was/were) to do sth.表按计划、安排(过去)即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等.

They will say/said goodbye, little knowing they ____________________ never ___________ (meet) again.

4.am/is/are(was/were) about to do sth. (when…) “正/就要做某事” （不与具体时间连用）

He ____________________ (apologize) to me when someone gave a sudden blow on his shoulder.

状语从句中的时态: 含有状语从句的主从复合句时态主将从现。

1. --- Can I join the club, Dad?

--- You can when you _____ a bit older.

A. get

B. will get

C. are getting

D. will have got

2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _____.

A. have survived

B. are to survive

C. would survive

D. will survive

3.The WTO can’t live up to its name unless it will include a country that is home to one-fifth of mankind. ________

4. Japan will never be recovered/restored even if it will return Diaoyu Islands to China. _______

5. The harder you will study, the better results you will get. _________

其它主从复合句中时态的呼应

主句为一般现在时，（宾语）从句可为任何时态；主句为过去时，（宾语）从句跟相应的过去时态。

1. I don’t think ___________________________.

他（将）通过（了）驾驶测试。

2. The Whites expected ___________________________Tonny 能出国深造。

在祈使句＋and/or/…＋陈述句句型中，陈述句中只能用will /情态动词＋动词原形。

1. Leave it with me and I _____ what I can do.

A. see

B. seeing

C. am seeing

D. will see

2. Please give blood if you can or some lives ______.

A. scare away

B. could scare away

C. scared away

D. to scare away

Remember下列句型

It is(has been)/was ＋一段时间＋since…(did/had done) This(That/It) is /was the

first(second…)time that…＋have(has) done/ had done

This(That/It)is/was the only…＋that…＋have(has) done/ had done

This(That/It)is/was the best / finest / most interesting…＋that…＋have(has) done/ had done Hardly/scarcely…过去完成时+when …一般过去时

No sooner…过去完成时+than…一般过去时

动词时态语态一览表(以do为例）

时态主动被动

一般现在时do/does am/is/are done

现在进行时am/is/are doing was/were being done

现在完成时have/has done have/has been done

一般过去时did was/were done

过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done

过去完成时had done had been done

一般将来时will do will be done

将来完成时will have done will have been done

及物动词(vt.)有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)或短语无被动语态.

比较：rise是不及物动词；raise是及物动词。

判断对错

The price has been risen. ( )

The price has risen. ( )

The price has raised.( )

The price has been raised.( )

The accident was happened last week.( )

The accident happened last week.( )

一.主动和被动

Get/have/find sth done

1).The patient got ________(treat) once a week.

2).He got ______(injure) while searching for the lost boy in the woods.

3).Try to avoid _____________ (受伤害）while being in love with others.

4).Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ （pay）by the hour.

二、主动形式表被动意义

1. 连系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + adj. 构成系表结构,主动表被动。

The steel feels cold.

His plan proved (to be) practical.

The yogurt in the fridge ___________(已经变质）.

2. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词。

如:begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等主动表被动。

Work _______(begin) at 7 o’clock this morning.

The shop ______( close) at 6 p.m. every day.

3. need / want / require doing, be worth doing, be to blame主动表被动。