选修7动词不定式与被动语态Unit2Grammar资料讲解
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人教版高中英语选修七英语unit2grammar课件(共17张ppt)
4. The house is to be sold .
summary
1. 作主语主语通常位于句首，或为
了避免头重脚轻用it作形 式主语。
不定式的作用
2.
作表语:
表语位于连系动词之后， 常接不定式作表语的动
词有appear(似乎，出
现), seem（似乎）,
prove（证明）等等。
3. 作宾语 宾语直接跟在谓语
常用it做形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语
Have a try
1.It is an honor for me __t_o_b_e_g_i_ve_n____(give)the motor .
2._T_o_b_e_e_n_c_o_u_ra_g_e_d(encourage)makes me confident.
to have been done
/
学习目标
1理解to be done结构的含义和用法特点。 2.理解to be done作主语，表语，宾语的三
种句法功能。 3能正确地运用to be done结构完成相关的
练习。
【语境展示】 观察下面各句中动词不定式的被动式的用法，然后加以总结。
1. he has a good heart and is willing to help people.Besides he likes to eat cookie
作宾语
And it refuses to be eaten.
常接不定式做宾语的动词
速记口诀：三个希望两答应，两个要求莫 拒绝；设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择 妙语诠释：
三个希望两答应： hope, wish, want, agree, promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand, ask, refuse 设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide 不要假装在选择：pretend, choose
book7 unit2 Grammar
He is hard to convince. He is impossible to work with.
3. 在“too … to …; enough … to …”结构中。 The problem is too difficult to work out.
The house is big enough to live in.
不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种， 即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。 语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所 示。
形 式
主 动
to do
被 动
to be done to have been done
一般式
进行式 完成式 完成进 行式
to be doing
to have done
to have been doing
1. 在 there be 结构中。 There is a lot of homework to do.
There is no time to lose.
2. 在“… be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的 形容词有 easy，difficult，hard， impossible，nice，pleasant，light， heavy，interesting，important， expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous 等。
paint
_____________. to be painted 4. The house is
sell
_________. to be sold
to be laughed at (laugh at) 1. She hates _______________
(完整版)人教版英语选修七Unit2Robots知识点及语法归纳
ring up the curtain开始(一场演出，一个事件或一次行动)
I have to ring off now because my friend is waiting for me.
我朋友在等我，我得挂电话了。
翻译句子
①今早他刚起床就有人给他打电话了。
3见到老板进来，他赶紧挂断电话假装在工作。
老师让我们将论文中一些不必要的词语省去。
翻译句子
①老板携款潜逃了，只留下一间空厂房。
②听到警报，警察丢下家人冲出去看发生了什么事。
答案：
①The boss escaped with all his fortune and left an empty factory behind.
②Hearing the alarm, the policeman left his family behind and rushed out to see what happened.
set aside为某种目的留出、拨出（金钱、时间）等，符合句意。
10. turn around转向
He heard a voice but when he turned around, he saw nobody.
他听到一个声音，但转身却没发现有人。
As he walked towards the hotel, he suddenly turned around and found an old lady following him.当他朝旅馆走去时，突然转身发现一个老妇人跟着他。
这个季节，雷鸣常常伴有大雨。
翻译句子
1总统出现了,被六个健壮的保镖护随着。
2回到家乡，他的老同学们陪着他参观了这个城市。
答案：①The president appeared and was accompanied by six strong bodyguards.
I have to ring off now because my friend is waiting for me.
我朋友在等我，我得挂电话了。
翻译句子
①今早他刚起床就有人给他打电话了。
3见到老板进来，他赶紧挂断电话假装在工作。
老师让我们将论文中一些不必要的词语省去。
翻译句子
①老板携款潜逃了，只留下一间空厂房。
②听到警报，警察丢下家人冲出去看发生了什么事。
答案：
①The boss escaped with all his fortune and left an empty factory behind.
②Hearing the alarm, the policeman left his family behind and rushed out to see what happened.
set aside为某种目的留出、拨出（金钱、时间）等，符合句意。
10. turn around转向
He heard a voice but when he turned around, he saw nobody.
他听到一个声音，但转身却没发现有人。
As he walked towards the hotel, he suddenly turned around and found an old lady following him.当他朝旅馆走去时，突然转身发现一个老妇人跟着他。
这个季节，雷鸣常常伴有大雨。
翻译句子
1总统出现了,被六个健壮的保镖护随着。
2回到家乡，他的老同学们陪着他参观了这个城市。
答案：①The president appeared and was accompanied by six strong bodyguards.
选修7 Unit 2 Grammar 动词不定式的被动
10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each
of us has a role _____ B in making the earth a better place to live. (200d
C. to be played
B. to play
1. 作主语： It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. 2. 作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 3. 构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
二、常见主被动时态变化一览表 时 现 在
过 去 将 来 式 一 般
am/is/are given
进 行
完 成
am/is/are has/have being given been given was/were being given had been given shall/will have been given
1)With nothing to do, he lay in bed．
2)With so many exercises to do, I can’t go to the cinema．
5．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 I have a letter to type today． (I是to type的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语)
新课标人教版英语选修7Unit2Grammar课件
be （not） +done
请分析下面八个句子分别用了什么时态和 语态，并加以总结
1.English is spoken all over the world. 一般现在时
2.The water is being turned into vapour. 现在进行时 3.Those rooms have not been cleaned yet. 现在完成 4.He was seen to enter the room. 一般过去
现在进行 be (am/is/are) +V-ing be(am/is/are)+being+ V-ed
过去进行 be(was/were)+V-ing
be(was/were)+being+ V-ed
一般将来 will+V原形，或be(am/ will+be+ V-ed, 或be（am/is
is/are) going to+V原形 /are) going to+be+ V-ed
had+been+ V-ed will + have +been + V-ed
用所给动词的被动语态填空
1.Trees __a_re__w_a_t_e_re_d_(water) by them every day. 2.Maths _i_s_t_au_g_h_t__(teach) in our school. 3.His bike _w__as__b_o_u_g_h_t (buy) two years ago. 4.The match _w__as__w_o_n_ (win) by our team yesterday. 5.The work _w__il_l _b_e_f_in_i_s_h_ed_ (finish) in a few days. 6.They _w_e_r_e_t_o_ld_ (tell) to come on time last night. 7.All the windows _h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n_c_l_o_se_d_(close) already. 8.The station __is_b_e_i_n_g_b_u_i_lt_ (build) now.
请分析下面八个句子分别用了什么时态和 语态，并加以总结
1.English is spoken all over the world. 一般现在时
2.The water is being turned into vapour. 现在进行时 3.Those rooms have not been cleaned yet. 现在完成 4.He was seen to enter the room. 一般过去
现在进行 be (am/is/are) +V-ing be(am/is/are)+being+ V-ed
过去进行 be(was/were)+V-ing
be(was/were)+being+ V-ed
一般将来 will+V原形，或be(am/ will+be+ V-ed, 或be（am/is
is/are) going to+V原形 /are) going to+be+ V-ed
had+been+ V-ed will + have +been + V-ed
用所给动词的被动语态填空
1.Trees __a_re__w_a_t_e_re_d_(water) by them every day. 2.Maths _i_s_t_au_g_h_t__(teach) in our school. 3.His bike _w__as__b_o_u_g_h_t (buy) two years ago. 4.The match _w__as__w_o_n_ (win) by our team yesterday. 5.The work _w__il_l _b_e_f_in_i_s_h_ed_ (finish) in a few days. 6.They _w_e_r_e_t_o_ld_ (tell) to come on time last night. 7.All the windows _h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n_c_l_o_se_d_(close) already. 8.The station __is_b_e_i_n_g_b_u_i_lt_ (build) now.
人教新课标英语选修7 Unit 2 Robots Grammar 2(共31张PPT)
主动式 to do
to have done
被动式
to be done to have been done / /
to be doing to have been doing
1 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词， 有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时 发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动 作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that I’ll see you again.
4 完成进行时：表示动作是在谓语动 词所表示的动作之前就一直在进行。 They are said to have been collecting
stamps for over twenty years.
He appears to have been waiting a
long time.
一、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所 表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般 要采用被动形式。 不定式的被动形式有下列用法: (1) 作主语 It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. (2) 作宾语 She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
动词不定式： 不定式与其逻辑主 to do 语之间是主动关系 动词不定式 不定式与其逻辑主 的被动式： 语之间是被动关系 to be done
Have a look
Look at the following sentences.
1. English began to be spoken in many other countries. (必修1) 2. It’s a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen. (必修2) 3. Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups. (必修2)
高二英语新课标选修7Unit2 Robots Grammar课件
1) 这种花每周要浇水两次。 The flower needs watering twice a week. 2) 这个小孩需要照看。 The baby wants looking after.
即时练习
1. Can you see what is written on the board? --- Yes. It _____“ CAUTION: WET FLOOR”. A A. reads B. is read C. writes D. is written D 2. The question is _______. A. very worth being considered B. very worth considering C. well worth being considered D. well worth considering
2. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。如： 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语 的逻辑主语) 是 的逻辑主语 EX. 他有个妹妹要照看。 他有个妹妹要照看。 He has a sister to look after. 3. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 出租), 动词有 let (出租 rent, blame 等。 出租 例如： 例如： The house is to let / to rent．此房出租。 ．此房出租。 I felt l was to blame. 我感觉该受责备的是我。 我感觉该受责备的是我。
一、Revise the Passive Voice 主动语态 （the active voice） ） 被动语态（ 被动语态（the passive voice） ） 主动语态) 如： ①Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主动语态 主动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 ②Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone. (被动语态 被动语态) 被动语态 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
即时练习
1. Can you see what is written on the board? --- Yes. It _____“ CAUTION: WET FLOOR”. A A. reads B. is read C. writes D. is written D 2. The question is _______. A. very worth being considered B. very worth considering C. well worth being considered D. well worth considering
2. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。如： 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语 的逻辑主语) 是 的逻辑主语 EX. 他有个妹妹要照看。 他有个妹妹要照看。 He has a sister to look after. 3. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 出租), 动词有 let (出租 rent, blame 等。 出租 例如： 例如： The house is to let / to rent．此房出租。 ．此房出租。 I felt l was to blame. 我感觉该受责备的是我。 我感觉该受责备的是我。
一、Revise the Passive Voice 主动语态 （the active voice） ） 被动语态（ 被动语态（the passive voice） ） 主动语态) 如： ①Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主动语态 主动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 ②Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone. (被动语态 被动语态) 被动语态 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
选修七unit2grammar
elected to such a post. （定语）
三、不定式的主动形式表示被动
1．在there be结构中。
例如： There is a lot of homework to do． (也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost).
7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent， hire，blame等。 例如： The house is to let．
I felt l was to blame.
NOTICE
动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被 动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在 口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往
He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语） The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）
She was the first woman to have been
What do you like to do besides sleep.
(5). 定语
I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.
6．作状语：
She was too young to be assigned such work.
二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动 式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者 构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如： It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语） She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）
三、不定式的主动形式表示被动
1．在there be结构中。
例如： There is a lot of homework to do． (也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost).
7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent， hire，blame等。 例如： The house is to let．
I felt l was to blame.
NOTICE
动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被 动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在 口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往
He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语） The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）
She was the first woman to have been
What do you like to do besides sleep.
(5). 定语
I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.
6．作状语：
She was too young to be assigned such work.
二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动 式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者 构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如： It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语） She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）
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? 8.不定式同疑问词连用时. ? In society, I really don' t know who to
complete fairly with.
NOTICE
动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动 语态形式的使用普遍, 有时(尤其在口语中) 虽然意思上是被动的, 也往往用主动语态 形式来表示。
Homework
1. Go over key words and expressions. 2. Go over the grammar and do the exercise
on page 14 in the textbook.
2 Ex.2 P.14 ★1. to be designed ★2. to be rebuilt ★3. to be accompanied by ★4. to be known as ★5. to be filled with ★6. to be tested out ★7. to be envied ★8. to be set aside
e.g. He ordered the bridge to be built within the month. 他命令在月内建成这座桥。(一般被动式) She was glad to have been given so much help. 得到如此多的帮助, 她很高兴。(完成被动式)
三. 动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表
二、常见主被动时态变化一览表
式 时
一般
现 在 am/is/are
given
过 去 was/were
given
进行 完成
am/is/are has/have being given been given
was/were
had been
being given given
将 来 shall/will be
6. Radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending pictures by electricity.
7. Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.
between the one built last year and the one being built now. (3) This house seems to have been built by a good architect.
通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成 的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及 被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：
(=for us／you to read)． The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house．
7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见 的这类动词有 let (出租), rent, hire, blame 等。 例如： The house is to let． I felt l was to blame.
I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time.
I. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完 整。 1. He wanted the letter _t_o_b_e__ty_p_e_d_ (type) at once. 2. It is the first such project __t_o_b_e__d_e_s_ig_n_e_d_ (design) by Chinese engineers.
6. She didn' t want her son _t_o_b_e_t_a_k_e_n__ (take) away. 7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _t_o_h_a_v_e__b_e_e_n_t_o_ld__ (tell) everything. 8. She is busy preparing for the exams _t_o_b_e__h_el_d__ (hold) next month. 9. He hurried to the station onlyt_o_b_e_t_o_ld (tell) that the train had left.
8. Before you come back, the building will have been finished.
不定式被动式的用法:
不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,要用 不定式的被动式。 一般被动式即 to be done表示其动作与谓语 动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生; 完成被动式即to have been done表示不定式 动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
转换规则：
用公式表示为:(主动) S+V+O V-ed)+ by+O(S), 如： Miss Li is teaching music now.
S(O)+V(be+
Music is being taught ( by Miss Li ) now.
一般：be done 进行：be being done 完成：have been done
一般式 进行式 主 动 to do to be doing
完成式
to have done
被 动 to be done
to have been done
More examples:
(1)The meeting to be held is of great importance. (2) The bridge to be built next year is just
Grammar
Passive Voice
一. 复习被动语态(Revise the Passive Voice) 英语动词有主动语态 （the active voice）
和被动语态（the passive voice）两种形式。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; 被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主动语态) Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone. (被动语态)
3 Choose the verbs in the passive to complete the passage.
list divide connect attach
accompany organize surround
On the morning of December 10th, Marion began to write her cards for Christmas. There were so many. She looked at the list of Christmas cards that she planned to send. They____ w__e_r_e__li_s_te__din the alphabetical order of the receivers' family names. There were sixty in all. The cards would __b_e__d_i_v_id__e_d into six piles of ten. She planned to write a few every afternoon Because from then on till Christmas her time wobueldo_r_g_a_n_i_z_e_d_ into shopping, cooking as well as writing the cards. But that
They say that Mike is sick in bed.
It is said that Mike is sick in bed.
Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起.
People believe that he was killed. It is believed that he was killed.
given
shall/will have been given
1. English is spoken all over the world. 2. The water is being turned into vapour. 3. Those rooms have not been cleaned yet. 4. He was seen to enter the room. 5. At that time they were being shown how to run the machine.
三、不定式的主动形式表示被动
1. 在 there be 结构中。例如： There is a lot of homework to do. (也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost). 2. 在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中。 常用的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, fit, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, dangerous 等。如： He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work with．
complete fairly with.
NOTICE
动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动 语态形式的使用普遍, 有时(尤其在口语中) 虽然意思上是被动的, 也往往用主动语态 形式来表示。
Homework
1. Go over key words and expressions. 2. Go over the grammar and do the exercise
on page 14 in the textbook.
2 Ex.2 P.14 ★1. to be designed ★2. to be rebuilt ★3. to be accompanied by ★4. to be known as ★5. to be filled with ★6. to be tested out ★7. to be envied ★8. to be set aside
e.g. He ordered the bridge to be built within the month. 他命令在月内建成这座桥。(一般被动式) She was glad to have been given so much help. 得到如此多的帮助, 她很高兴。(完成被动式)
三. 动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表
二、常见主被动时态变化一览表
式 时
一般
现 在 am/is/are
given
过 去 was/were
given
进行 完成
am/is/are has/have being given been given
was/were
had been
being given given
将 来 shall/will be
6. Radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending pictures by electricity.
7. Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.
between the one built last year and the one being built now. (3) This house seems to have been built by a good architect.
通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成 的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及 被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：
(=for us／you to read)． The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house．
7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见 的这类动词有 let (出租), rent, hire, blame 等。 例如： The house is to let． I felt l was to blame.
I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time.
I. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完 整。 1. He wanted the letter _t_o_b_e__ty_p_e_d_ (type) at once. 2. It is the first such project __t_o_b_e__d_e_s_ig_n_e_d_ (design) by Chinese engineers.
6. She didn' t want her son _t_o_b_e_t_a_k_e_n__ (take) away. 7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _t_o_h_a_v_e__b_e_e_n_t_o_ld__ (tell) everything. 8. She is busy preparing for the exams _t_o_b_e__h_el_d__ (hold) next month. 9. He hurried to the station onlyt_o_b_e_t_o_ld (tell) that the train had left.
8. Before you come back, the building will have been finished.
不定式被动式的用法:
不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,要用 不定式的被动式。 一般被动式即 to be done表示其动作与谓语 动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生; 完成被动式即to have been done表示不定式 动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
转换规则：
用公式表示为:(主动) S+V+O V-ed)+ by+O(S), 如： Miss Li is teaching music now.
S(O)+V(be+
Music is being taught ( by Miss Li ) now.
一般：be done 进行：be being done 完成：have been done
一般式 进行式 主 动 to do to be doing
完成式
to have done
被 动 to be done
to have been done
More examples:
(1)The meeting to be held is of great importance. (2) The bridge to be built next year is just
Grammar
Passive Voice
一. 复习被动语态(Revise the Passive Voice) 英语动词有主动语态 （the active voice）
和被动语态（the passive voice）两种形式。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; 被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主动语态) Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone. (被动语态)
3 Choose the verbs in the passive to complete the passage.
list divide connect attach
accompany organize surround
On the morning of December 10th, Marion began to write her cards for Christmas. There were so many. She looked at the list of Christmas cards that she planned to send. They____ w__e_r_e__li_s_te__din the alphabetical order of the receivers' family names. There were sixty in all. The cards would __b_e__d_i_v_id__e_d into six piles of ten. She planned to write a few every afternoon Because from then on till Christmas her time wobueldo_r_g_a_n_i_z_e_d_ into shopping, cooking as well as writing the cards. But that
They say that Mike is sick in bed.
It is said that Mike is sick in bed.
Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起.
People believe that he was killed. It is believed that he was killed.
given
shall/will have been given
1. English is spoken all over the world. 2. The water is being turned into vapour. 3. Those rooms have not been cleaned yet. 4. He was seen to enter the room. 5. At that time they were being shown how to run the machine.
三、不定式的主动形式表示被动
1. 在 there be 结构中。例如： There is a lot of homework to do. (也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost). 2. 在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中。 常用的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, fit, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, dangerous 等。如： He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work with．