高中英语名词考点

名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China 等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。

2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。

3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。

4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。

1.1名词复数的规则变化

情况构成方法读音例词

一般加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps

浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars

以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches

以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licenses

以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es读/z/baby---babies

1.2其它名词复数的规则变化

1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：twoMarys theHenrys

monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays

2）以o结尾的名词，变复数时：

a.加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianos

radio---radios zoo---zoos；

b.加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes

c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros/zeroes。

3）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：

a.加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofs

safe---safes gulf---gulfs；

b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halves

knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves

wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；

c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。

1.3名词复数的不规则变化

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。

2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，li，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：

people police cattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriousandbrave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。

b.news为不可数名词。

c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。

TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：

\"TheArabianNights\"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）; suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。

6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。

1.4不可数名词量的表示

1）物质名词

a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。

比较：Cakeisakindoffood. 蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）

Thesecakesaresweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）

b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：

Thisfactoryproducessteel. （不可数）

Weneedvarioussteels. （可数）

c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：

Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。

Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。

2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：

fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四个现代化

物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice 一则建议。

5.定语名词的复数

名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。

1)用复数作定语。例如：

sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室

talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系

2）man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：menworkers womenteachers gentlemenofficials

3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：

goodstrain（货车）armsproduce 武器生产

customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷

4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：

two-dozeneggs 两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路

two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan. 一个五年计划

1.6不同国籍人的单复数

国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数

中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese

瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss

澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians

俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians

意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians

法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen

日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese

美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans

印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians

加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians

德国人theGermansaGermantwoGermans

英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen

瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes

1.7名词的格

英语中有些名词可以加's来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：ateacher'sbook。名词所有格的规则如下：

1）单数名词词尾加's，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加's，如theboy'sbag男孩的书包，men'sroom男厕所。2）若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加'，如：theworkers'struggle 工人的斗争。

3）凡不能加's的名词，都可以用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字。4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：thebarber's 理发店。

5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。例如：

John'sandMary'srooms（两间）JohnandMary'sroom（一间）

6）复合名词或短语，'s加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：amonthortwo'sabsence

名词综合练习题：

1.Itwon’tmakemuch________whetheryouagreeornot.

A.difficulty??

B.trouble??

C.difference??

D.matter

2.Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe________ofhowlifebegan.

A.cause??

B.problem??

C.reason??

D.puzzle

3.Youmustgettherewithinanhour.Thereshouldbeno___insendingthisinformationtohim.

A.question??

B.problem??

C.quarrel??

D.delay

4.Ican’tgiveyouthecardwithoutSmith’s________.

A.agreement??

B.allowing??

C.permission??

D.Performance

5.Whatimpressedmemostwasthattheyneverlost________.

A.hearts??

B.heart??

C.theirheart??

D.theirhearts

6.ThoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookany________ofwhatIsaid.

A.remark??

B.observation??

C.attention??

D.notice

7.Iwenttobuya________ofChinaDaily.

A.piece??

B.sheet??

C.lot??

D.copy

8.ShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst________.

A.intention??

B.purpose??

C.attempt??

D.desire

9.Thereareusuallyatleasttwo________oflookingateveryquestion.

A.means??

B.directions??

C.views??

D.ways

10.Wehaveworkedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto________.

A.fact??

B.reality??

C.practice??

D.deed

11.Sheisyoungforthejob,butontheother________,sheiswelltrained.

A.way??

B.situation??

C.chance??

D.hand

12.Themostimportant________ofhisspeechwasthatweshouldallworkwhole-heartedlyforthepeople.

A.point??

B.sense??

C.spot??

D.view

13.---I’dlike________informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.

---Well,youcouldhave________wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.

A.some;a??

B.an;some??

C.some;some??

D.an;a

14.Hetoldmehehadbeenofferedaverywell-paid________.

A.business??

B.service??

C.work??

D.position

15.Eachplayermustobey________,whoistheleaderoftheteam.

A.captain??

B.acaptain??

C.thecaptain??

D.captains

16.Itwas________thathehadtoaskforhelp.

A.suchbigawork??

B.asobigjob??

C.asobigwork??

D.suchabigjob

17.Hedroppedthe________andbrokeit.

A.cupofcoffee??

B.coffee’scup

C.cupforcoffee??

D.coffeecup

18.What________!Wheredidyougetthem?

A.bigfish??

B.abigfish??

C.apieceofbigfish??

D.bigafish

19.Heleft________withmysecretarythathewouldcallagainintheafternoon.Hesaidhewouldkeep________.

A.words;hiswords??

B.word;hisword

C.word;word???

D.theword;hiswords

20.Thenewlawwillcomeinto________onthedayitispassed.

A.effect??

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4110625860.html,e??

C.service??

D.existence

21.Weheldapartyin________ofourAustralianteacher,Meggi.

A.prize??

B.honor??

C.praise

D.pride

22.---Tom,wi llyouboysplaysoldiersoutside?There’snotenough________foryouboyshere. ---Butwecanplayinthenext________,can’twe?

A.places;place??

B.room;room??

C.rooms;space??

D.house;rooms

23.---Isthisbridgemadeof________?

---Yes,itismadeof2300huge________.

A.stone;stone????

B.stones;stones

C.stone;stones???

D.stones;stone

24.---Mum,I’mgoingtovisitmyaunt.Whataboutaweek?

---Aweekistoolong.Trytobebackina________ofdays.

A.number??

B.dozen??

C.few??

D.couple

25.Mrs.Greentriedhardtofindajobbutshehadno________.

A.luck??

B.time??

C.hope??

D.chance

26.Hisdaughterisalwaysshyin________andsheneverdarestomakeaspeechto________.

A.thepublic;thepublic??

B.public;thepublic

C.thepublic;public???

D.public;public

27.Fast-foodrestaurantsare________tousall.

A.ofmanyhelps???

B.agreathelp

C.greathelps????

D.muchhelp

28.Theseyoungpeoplearenowmakinganactive________tobeautify(美化)ourcity.

A.part??

B.effort???

C.decision???

D.plan

29.---WhatyoulikemaynotbewhatIlike.

---Yes,oneman’smealisanotherman’s________.

A.poison???

B.medicine???

C.meal???

D.food

30.Hesaidthattwo________wouldcometoourschoolthenextday.

A.womanscientist???

B.womenscientist

C.womanscientists???

D.womenscientists

31.My________all________hardforthepeople.

A.family;work?????

B.family;works

C.families;work???

D.families;works

32.Dr.Jonesordered________forthelaboratory.

A.twoequipments????

B.twopiecesofequipments

C.twopiecesofequipment??

D.twoequipmentpieces

33.---Wherehaveyoubeen?

---I’vebeento________.

A.theTurners????

B.theTurner's

C.Mr.Turners'????

D.theTurners'

34.Manychildrenhavetoseethefilmsfor________．

A.grown-up?????

B.growns-up

C.grown-ups????

D.growns-ups

35.Itoldaboutsomeoftheterrible________Ihadhadinthewar.

A.experience????

B.experiences

C.experiencing????

D.experiencedthings

36.Thetableisonly________high.

A.two-foot????

B.twofoot

C.two-feet????

D.twofeet

37.ThesedaysIemployedtwo________inmyhouse.

A.man-servants???

B.men-servant

C.man-servant???

D.men-servants

38.That's________.

A.JamesandCharlesfather???

B.JamesandCharles'sfather

C.James'sandCharles'sfather??

D.James'sandCharlesfather

39.________ispublisheddaily.

A.Time??

B.Times???

C.TheTime???

D.TheTimes

40.Therearemany________inbig________.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4110625860.html,diesdriver;citys???

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4110625860.html,dydrivers;cities

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4110625860.html,diesdrivers,cities???

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4110625860.html,diesdriver;city

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Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，escape，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy，keep，mind（在乎）postpone，pardon，practise，suggest，imagine等。 need，want，require后接动名词，表示被动意义。如：Would you mind opening the door？请你把门打开好吗？ Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport，I saw my mother standing in the

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