as well 的用法

一、as well 是一个副词短语，意为“也；还”，相当于also，too 和in addition，经常放在句尾。例如：

We look forward very much to seeing you again and to meeting your wife as well.

我们非常期待再次见到你，也期待见到你的妻子。

Your mother is coming as well, so make sure to include her in the head count.

你妈妈也要来，所以一定要把她算进去。

I included all of my receipts as well, in case you need them.

我也包括了我所有的收据，以防你需要。

二、as well 或just as well 用来表示某些事可能是好事，意为“无妨；幸好”，例如：

It’s as well to have a good camera with you when you visit the bird park.当你参观鸟类公园时，带上一个好相机也无妨。

It’s just as well we didn’t go to the lecture, because it was cancelled.

幸好我们没去听讲座，因为讲座取消了。

三、词组might as well 和may as well 表示当其他事情没发生，没有理由不去做某件事，常意为“只好(做)；(做…)也无妨；(几乎)和…一样”，might as well 比may as well 更普遍，例如：

I might as well paint the bedroom myself; no one else is going to do it. 我还是自己粉刷卧室吧，没人会做的。

We may as well go out tonight because there’s not much on TV.

今晚我们还是出去走走吧，因为电视上的节目不多。

四、as well as 意为“既…又…;除…之外（也）;此外”，相当于in addition to，例如：

She has invited Jill as well as Kate.

她邀请了吉尔和凯特。

When they go to Austria, they like walking as well as skiing.

当他们去奥地利时，他们喜欢散步和滑雪。

struggle的用法和短语例句

struggle的用法和短语例句【篇一】struggle的用法 struggle的用法1：struggle的基本意思是“奋斗”,即为实现某一目的而尽力做某事。常指遇到有力的反抗而在逆境中拼搏或努力从束缚中解脱出来。有时含有“挣扎”的意味。 struggle的用法2：struggle也可表示“(与某人)争斗,搏斗,打斗”,还可表示“艰难地(朝某方向)行进”。 struggle的用法3：struggle是不及物动词,与介词against连用,表示“同与之对立或对抗的人或物实行斗争”; 与介词for连用,表示“为…而斗争”。 struggle的用法4：struggle可接动词不定式作目的状语。 struggle的用法5：struggle的基本意思是“斗争”,表示抽象的行为,用作不可数名词; 表示具体的“打斗,搏斗,战斗,斗争”时,可用作可数名词。 struggle的用法6：struggle作“努力,奋斗”解时,一般用单数形式。【篇二】struggle的常用短语 struggle against (v.+prep.) struggle along1 (v.+adv.) struggle along2 (v.+prep.) struggle for (v.+prep.) struggle in (v.+prep.) struggle on (v.+adv.)

struggle out (v.+adv.) struggle with (v.+prep.) 【篇三】struggle的用法例句 1. It's a constant struggle to try to keep them up to par. 要让他们达标，需要持续努力。 2. Curiously, the struggle to survive has greatly improved her health. 奇怪的是，她拼命求生的抗争使得她的健康状况大有好转。 3. He grandly declared that "international politics is a struggle for power". 他一本正经地宣称“国际政治是一场权力之争”。 4. This age-old struggle for control had led to untold bloody wars. 这场由来已久的对控制权的争夺已经引发了无数流血的战争。 5. It is only a hobby, not a life or death struggle. 这仅仅一项爱好，不需要拼死拼活地努力。 6. There is a ceaseless struggle from noon to night. 从中午到夜晚，争斗没有停歇。 7. He is currently locked in a power struggle with his Prime Minister. 他当前陷入了一场同的权力之争当中。 8. He praised her role in the struggle against apartheid.

assess的用法和短语例句

assess的用法和短语例句 assess有评定;评估;估算等意思，那么你知道assess的用法吗?下面跟着小编一起来学习一下，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! assess的用法： assess的用法1：assess的基本意思是assess的基本意思是估价,估计,可指官方等对形势等的估计,也可指对财产等进行估价,引申可作评定,核定解,指对人、物、工作等进行评价。 assess的用法2：assess的基本意思是assess是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,有时还可接as+ adj. 作补足语的复合宾语; 可用于被动结构。 assess的常用短语：用作动词(v.) assess at (v.+prep.) 估计价值为j assess的用法例句： 1. We know some sex offenders dupe the psychologists who assess them. 我们知道有些性犯罪者会愚弄给他们做测评的心理学家。 2. She suggests you first assess your income and outgoings. 她建议你先估算一下自己的收入和开销。

3. The college has few ways to assess the quality of education overall. 总体看来,这所大学评估教育质量的方法寥寥无几. 4. Its impossible to assess how many officers are participating in the slowdown. 要估算出究竟多少高级职员参与了怠工是不可能的。 5. As an adult, you can assess the situation realistically. 作为一个成年人，你能现实地评估局势。 6. Its difficult to assess the effects of these changes. 这些变化带来的效果难以评估。 7. It is difficult to assess the full extent of the damage. 损失情况难以全面估计。 8. We tried to assess his suitability for the job. 我们想评估一下他是否适合这项工作. 9. We should equitably assess historical figures. 我们应该公正地评价历史人物. 10. They assess his house at 15000 yuan. 他们给他房子的估价为15000元. 11. He needed at least three days to assess the genuineness of their intentions. 他至少需要3天时间来确定他们是否动机不纯。 12. It was for the police to assess the validity or otherwise

Otherwise与定语从句

Learning Corner 学习频道 ◎ 文 / 张满胜本期我们来分析otherwise 在定语从句中的用法。首先请看2013年考研英语(一)完型填空中的一句话。 This might sound small, but to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary. 本句的难点是than would otherwise have been necessary 这一部分，其中的otherwise 用在定语从句结构中，并与虚拟语气搭配使用。之所以要用虚拟语气，是因为otherwise 的基本含义是“在相反的情况下”或“要不然的话”，表达的是与前面提到的真实情况相反的一个假设情形。Otherwise 的这一用法既可以出现在that/which/who 引导的普通定语从句(下文统称为“that 定语从句”)中，也可以出现在than 引导的特殊定语从句(下文简称为“than 定语从句”，关于than 引导的定语从句讲解请见本刊2008年12月号和2009年1~2月合刊)中。下面我们分别来看otherwise 在that 定语从句和than 定语从句中的用法特点。 Otherwise用于that定语从句 would 等情态动词，而相应的if 虚拟条件句被省去了。在that would otherwise be uneconomical 这个定语从句中，that 指代services ，因此这个定语从句相当于一个虚拟主句：“The services would be uneconomical.”既然有了虚拟主句，那么if 虚拟条件从句在哪里？这就涉及该句型的第二个特点。特点二：定语从句中出现的otherwise 是针对主句所述情形进行的相反假设，相当于虚拟条件从句“if it were not for …”。例1中的主句they support the services 可以写成虚拟条件从句if it were not for their support ，或者写成if they didn’t support the services ，这也就是otherwise 所表达的含义。将这个虚拟条件从句与上面的虚拟主句结合起来，就构成这样一个完整的虚拟句：“The services would be uneconomical if it were not for their support.”所以，例1的句子相当于下面的两句话。在此类定语从句中，关系代词that 可以充当定语从句的主语或非主语(如宾语、表语)，otherwise 所表达的虚拟可以是对现在虚拟，也可以是对过去虚拟。下面我们来具体分析。 That 充当定语从句的主语在关系代词t h a t 充当主语的定语从句中，如果otherwise 表达的虚拟是对现在虚拟，otherwise 就相当于虚拟条件从句“if it were not for …”，此时that 定语从句的结构为“that would otherwise +动词原形”。请看下面的例句。 1. They support the services that would otherwise be uneconomical. 他们对这些服务提供了极大的支持，要不然的话，这些服务将会花费不菲。下面就利用这个例句来向大家揭示otherwise 用于that 定语从句时的用法特点。特点一：定语从句相当于一个虚拟主句，常用到 New Oriental English . 13

asif 用法归纳

as if 用法归纳 1．as if 从句的作用?as if一般可由as though来代替。引导表语从句，可在look, seem等系动词后。如： He looked as if / though he was ill. 他看起来好像生病了。 It seems as if it is going to rain.看来好像要下雨了。引导方式状语从句。如： I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday. The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up. 那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。 2．as if 从句的语气及时态 ①as if从句用陈述语气。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时， It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk. 从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。 ②as if从句用虚拟语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。如： You look as if you didn’t care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken．表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反，谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。如：

He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.说起长城来好像他以前去过那里。 The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.女孩听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头。表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。如： He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 It looks as if it might snow.? 看来好像要下雪了。 3．as if从句中的省略。如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等成份，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）或动词-ing形式等。 He acts as if (he was) a fool.? 他做事像个傻子。 He paused as if (he was going) to let the sad memory pass. The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.?女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。 From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone. 词汇学习 1. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. smelly : smell+ y = adj. smell n./v (smelt/ smelled) 扩展: n.+y构成形容词

高中英语单词天天记struggle素材

· struggle · v. ['str?gl] ( struggles; struggled; struggling ) · · 双解释义 · vi.斗争,奋斗,努力fight; try to overcome difficulties, etc.; make great efforts · 基本要点 ? 1.struggle的基本意思是“奋斗”,即为实现某一目的而尽力做某事。常指遇到有力的反抗而在逆境中拼搏或努力从束缚中解脱出来。有时含有“挣扎”的意味。 2.struggle也可表示“(与某人)争斗,搏斗,打斗”,还可表示“艰难地(朝某方向) 行进”。 3.struggle是不及物动词,与介词against连用,表示“同与之对立或对抗的人或物进行斗争”; 与介词for连用,表示“为…而斗争”。 4.struggle可接动词不定式作目的状语。 ? · 词汇搭配 ? ?struggle bravely 勇敢地斗争 ?struggle desperately 拼命地斗争,绝望地挣扎 ?struggle furiously 激烈地搏斗 ?struggle successfully 成功地作斗争 ?struggle wildly 疯狂地挣扎 ?struggle on 勉强支持下去,竭力维持下去 ? ?struggle against 与…作斗争

?struggle against difficulties 同困难斗争 ?struggle against tyranny 与暴政作斗争 ?struggle for 为…而斗争 ?struggle for a living 为生计而挣扎 ?struggle for freedom 为自由而斗争 ?struggle for independence 为独立而奋斗 ?struggle for recognition 为获得承认而奋斗 ?struggle in sb's arms (小孩)在母亲怀里挣扎 ?struggle through the snowstorm 冒着暴风雪行进 ?struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 ?struggle with 与…作斗争 ? · 常用短语 ? struggle against(v.+prep.) 为反对…而斗争 oppose sth with difficulty ▲struggle against sb/sth He struggled against those who opposed his plan.他与那些反对他计划的人进行了斗争。 In Chinese history the peasants kept struggling against the rule of the feudal class.在中国历史上,农民不断地与封建阶级的统治作斗争。 What is the use of trying to struggle against the system?力图反对这种制度有什么用? The swimmer struggled against the tide.游泳者逆流而上。 We must struggle against this prejudice for a more tolerant attitude to our beliefs.我们必须反对这种偏见,以争得对我们的信仰采取更为宽容的态度。 The workers have been struggling against bad conditions for too long.很久以来,工人们就在为反对恶劣的工作条件而进行斗争。

【英语】英语名词用法总结(完整)

【英语】英语名词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择名词 1．Actively involve yourself in voluntary work and you will see what a(an) ________ it will make to your future life. A．influence B．contribution C．difference D．variety 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】本题考查固定短语。解题步骤：1.确定各项意思：A. influence影响；B. contribution贡献； C. difference不同； D. variety多样化；2.确定答案：固定短语make a difference有影响。句意：积极地参与志愿者的工作，你就会看见它对你未来的生活有多么大的影响。故选C。 2．An advantage of living on the top floor of a high rise building is that you can get a good _________. A．scene B．scenery C．sight D．view 【答案】D 【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：住在高楼大厦顶层的优点是你能看很好地欣赏风景。A. scene 情景B. scenery景色 C. sight 景象 D. view风景。view“风景”普遍用语,指从某个角度所看到的风景。根据句意，故D选项正确。【点睛】 Scene:1. 某地的景色、风景，指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分 3．Only when women are enabled to become strong will our families, our economies, and our societies reach their fullest . A．distinction B．innovation C．potential D．appreciation 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. distinction区别； B. innovation创新； C. potential潜能； D. appreciation 欣赏。句意：只有当妇女能够变得强大时，我们的家庭、经济和社会才能充分发挥其潜力。结合句意可知答案为C。 4．With the help of the English teacher, he has made in his English writing. A．a great progress B．much progress C．little progress D．many progresses

英语副词用法总结(完整)

英语副词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择副词 1．There’s no chance that we can change the history. _______, it is important that we learn lessons to face the future. A．Meanwhile B．Nevertheless C．Otherwise D．Therefore 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们不可能改变历史。虽然如此，重要的是我们要吸取教训来面对未来。A. Meanwhile同时；B. Nevertheless然而，虽然如此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据句意可知，前后句意存在转折关系。故选B。 2．Linda's health is improving ________ day by day, and the doctor has advised her to stay home for a couple of weeks. A．frequently B．gradually C．fluently D．actually 【答案】B 【解析】根据improving和day by day可知，琳达的身体在一天天“逐渐地(gradually)”康复。frequently频繁地；fluently流利地；actually实际上，均不符合语境。答案：B 3．It’s so hot! The temperature must be __________ over 100 degrees! A．very B．well C．much D．still 【答案】B 【解析】句意：天气太热了！气温一定超过100度了。well over 远远超过，溢出，泛滥。故选B。 4．Each working day，The Daily is updated on the website every hour，unless indicated. A．otherwise B．therefore C．nevertheless D．moreover 【答案】A 【解析】句意：每个工作日，《日报》每小时都会在网站上更新一次，除非另有注明。otherwise意为“否则，另外”，符合语境。therefore因此；nevertheless然而，不过；moreover而且。 5．Many people believe that poverty is only a problem in rural areas. ________, it is also a problem in some urban areas.

完整wordasif用法归纳推荐文档

as if用法归纳 1. as if从句的作用as if 一般可由as though来代替。引导表语从句，可在look, seem等系动词后。如： He looked as if / though he was ill.他看起来好像生病了。 It seems as if it is going to rain.看来好像要下雨了。引导方式状语从句。如： I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday. The child talked to us as if he were a grow n-up. 那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。 2. as if从句的语气及时态 ①as if从句用陈述语气。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时， It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk.从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。 ②as if从句用虚拟语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。如： You look as if you did nt care.你看上去好像并不在乎。

When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broke n. 表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反，谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。如: He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before. 说起长城来好像他以前去过那里。 The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.女孩听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头。表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“ would / could / might +动词原形”如： He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 It looks as if it might snow.看来好像要下雪了。 3. as if从句中的省略。如果as if引导的从句是主语+系动词” 结构，可省略主语和系动词等成份，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)或动词-ing形式等。 He acts as if (he was) a fool.他做事像个傻子。 He paused as if (he was going) to let the sad memory pass. The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry. 女孩匆忙离开房

高中英语：解析目的状语的几种用法

高中英语：解析目的状语的几种用法一、用to do sth表目的用不定式表目的是最简单也是最常用的方法，它既可以用于句末，也可用于句首，但比较而言，用于句首时，其强调意味较浓。如： After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch up with the others. 他因病一学期未上课，得努力赶上其他同学。 To avoid any delay please phone your order direct. 为免延误，请直接打电话预订。 To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。 To avoid back problems，always bend your knees when you lift heavy objects. 为了不使背部受伤，你在扛重东西时，一定要将膝盖弯曲着。不定式的否定式为not to do sth，而不是to not do sth。如： She had to struggle not to give in to a desire to laugh. 她极力控制自己不要笑出来。 Then there was the mad rush not to be late for school. 然后就是匆忙往学校赶，以免迟到。

I went to France not to study French，but to study architecture. 我去法国不是为了学法语，而是为了学建筑。 He claimed he had bought the cigarettes for home consumption，not to sell them. 他声称他买烟是为了自家享用，不是为了出售。二、用so as to do sth表目的 so as to do sth是to do sth的变体，意思是“以便”“为了”“为的是”等。用so as to do sth表示目的时，它通常用于句末。如： I left a message so as to be sure of contacting her. 我留下了张条子以便与她取得联系 The two lovers dropped back so as to be alone. 那对情人落在后面，为的是两人好单独在一起。 I always keep fruit in the fridge so as to keep insects off it. 我总是把水果放在冰箱里，以防虫子叮咬。表示目的的so as to do sth有时也可放在句首（但是若so as to do sth 是表示结果，则不可放在句首）。如： So as to show his boss what a careful worker he was，he took extra trouble over the figures. 为了向老板显示他是个工作非常细心的人，他在这些数字上费了比平常更多的力气。

(完整word)2018年上海高三英语二模文章分析(12)

高考文章分析（12）Vocabulary Learning: 1.underway在进行中 2.on the set of the NBC comedy Superstore在NBC喜剧《超级商店》的片场NBC: 美国广播公司（National Broadcasting Company) 3.craft精心制作 4.post上传 5.ahead of the comedy’s second-season return在喜剧第二季的回归之前 6.struggle to reach young audiences努力迎合年轻观众 7.turn to求助于 8.Internet followings网络追随者 9.as a means of generating awareness作为一种产生关注的方式 10.seize on the strategy 利用这个策略[si?z] https://www.360docs.net/doc/4111715551.html,mercial-skipping跳过商业广告 12.ad-blockers广告屏蔽 13.recommendation推荐[,rek?men'de??(?)n] 14.higher ratings更高的收视率 15.executive执行官[?g?zekj?t?v] 16.build brand awareness and reputation建立品牌意识和声誉[repj?'te??(?)n] 17.online content platform网络平台 18.count拥有 19.tune in收听，收看 20.review video games评论电竞游戏 21.perform magic tricks表演魔术 22.pursuit追求，爱好[p?'sju?t] 23.in the employ of受......雇佣 24.marketing push市场推广 25.decline to do拒绝去做某事 26.range from......to从......到 27.gift baskets礼盒 28.entertainment company娱乐公司 29.cast influencers 投资网络红人 30.a bit of a gamble有点像赌博['g?mb(?)l] 31.business model商业模式 32.show’s rating s节目收视率 https://www.360docs.net/doc/4111715551.html, ratings电视收视率 34.box-office returns票房收入

asif用法归纳

as if 用法归纳 1． as if 从句的作用?as if一般可由as though来代替。引导表语从句，可在look, seem等系动词后。如： He looked as if / though he was ill. 他看起来好像生病了。It seems as if it is going to rain.看来好像要下雨了。引导方式状语从句。如： I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday. The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up. 那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。 2． as if 从句的语气及时态 ①as if从句用陈述语气。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时， It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk. 从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。 ②as if从句用虚拟语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。如： You look as if you didn’t care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken．表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反，谓语动词用

“had +过去分词”。如： He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.说起长城来好像他以前去过那里。 The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.女孩听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头。表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。如： He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 It looks as if it might snow.? 看来好像要下雪了。 3． as if从句中的省略。如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等成份，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）或动词-ing形式等。 He acts as if (he was) a fool.? 他做事像个傻子。 He paused as if (he was going) to let the sad memory pass. The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.?女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。 From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone. 词汇学习 1. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.

otherwise用法解析

otherwise用法解析 otherwise 是个常用词，也是一个多义词。在不同的语境中，otherwise 的含义和用法有着很大的差异，现将它的用法归纳如下。一、otherwise 用作连词，意思为“否则；要不然”，相当于or，or else 或if not . 例如：We’ll go early，otherwise we may not get a seat. 我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。 Seize the chance，otherwise you will regret it. 抓住机会，要不然你会后悔的。 I was ill that day，otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet. 那天我病了，否则我会去参加运动会的。 We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand. 我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。二、otherwise 用作副词，具有下列意义： 1. 意为“另外；别样”。相当于differently 或in another way .例如： He evidently thinks otherwise. 他显然有不同的想法。 She is otherwise engaged. 她另外有事。 We were going to play football，but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise. 我们原打算踢足球，可是天气太热，我们就决定去干别的事情了。 2. 意为“在其他方面”。相当于in other or different ways. 例如： The rent is high，but otherwise the house is satisfactory. 房租是贵，可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。 He is noisy，but otherwise a nice boy. 他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是个好孩子。 The article is long，but not otherwise blameworthy. 这篇文章就是长，其他倒没什么不好。 3. 意为“相反地；要不然；否则”。相当于in the other way 或on the contrary .例如： He is guilty until proved otherwise. 在证明他无罪之前他是有罪的。

高中英语必修四unit2单词讲解和练习

BOOK 4 Unit 2 Working the land 词汇练习重点单词讲解 1.struggle vt. & vi.斗争；拼搏；努力 struggle with与……斗争；和……一起战斗struggle...for 为争取……而斗争struggle...against与……斗争；为反对……而斗争struggle+不定式，如： A bird was caught in the net and was struggling to get free. 一只鸟被网罩住了，挣扎着想要逃脱。 struggle to one’ s feet 挣扎着站起来 a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗struggle还可以作名词，意思是“斗争；搏斗；努力；挣扎；难事”等。如： With a struggle，he controlled his feelings. 他费力地控制住了自己的感情。 2.expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述 expand指向四面八方的扩大扩张 extend 强调向某一方向的延长 spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的传播、蔓延，也指把某物铺开，把胳膊张开【练习】用expand，extend，spread，stretch的适当形式填空。 1). The man _______ the information around. 2). The empire _______ its country in the 16th century. 3). The road builders worked hard to _______ the high way. Keys: 1). spread 2). expanded 3). extend 3.circulate vt. & vi. 循环；流传【例句】Blood circulates through the body.血液在体内循环。【考点】1）形容词：circular圆形的；循环的；名词：circulation循环；流通；发行量； 2）circulation 作“（报纸、杂志等的）发行量”解时，是可数名词。 4.thanks to thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。 2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。thanks to 相当于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 5.rid rid sb./sth. of... 使某人/某物摆脱…… 1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。 2). The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。 [重点用法] rid 短语： be rid of 摆脱get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉 rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠rid oneself of debt 还清债务 [类似用法动词] inform/ warn/ cure sb. of… 通知/警告/治愈某人……