5.美国文学选读_课件Philip_Freneau
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陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)【章节题库】-第1~7单元【圣才出品】
第二部分章节题库第1单元本杰明·富兰克林І.Fill in the blanks.1.If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _____represents the lower levels.【答案】Benjamin Franklin【解析】美国文学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯（Van Wyck Brooks）在《美国的成年》(America’s Coming of Age)中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家，他们是不同层次思想的代表。
2.Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his_____and_____.【答案】Poor Richard’s Almanac，The Autobiography【解析】富兰克林在文学上的地位主要取决于《穷查理历书》和《自传》。
3.In American literature,the eighteenth century was an Age of_____and Revolution.【答案】Reason【解析】18世纪的美国处于理性与革命时期。
这一时期的美国深受法国启蒙思想的影响，且处于独立革命时期。
4.Franklin was the epitome of the_____,the versatile,practical embodiment of national man in the18th century.【答案】Enlightenment【解析】富兰克林是启蒙思想的缩影，是18世纪理性的代表。
5.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece_____.【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。
美国文学PPT
在1873年，塞丝和她的女儿丹芙住在辛辛那提附近农村地区124号 的一所房子里。由于塞丝过去的经历和她的孤傲，她们受到当地 人的排斥。自从逃出“甜蜜家园”农场后十八年已经过去了。这 个农场由一个被称之为老师的凶残的男人经营着，这个人一边允 许他的侄子们残害塞丝一边做笔录用以科学地研究黑人。因此， 已经怀孕的塞丝逃跑了，逃跑的路上在一个叫做艾米的白人妇女 的帮助下生下了孩子。此时理应陪在塞丝身边的丈夫却消失了。 带着四个孩子逃往辛辛那提后塞丝只享受了28天的自由便被她的 主人追到，塞丝试图把她的孩子全都杀死而不愿让他们沦为奴隶， 但最后只杀死了其中的一个。她的主人因为认为塞丝已不能继续 当仆人而丢弃了她，而塞丝也免于绞刑继续在124号抚养剩下的三 个孩子。死去孩子的灵魂开始出没于她们居住的房子，两个儿子 霍华德和巴尔格两度遇见灵魂后心惊胆战地离开了。祖母贝比"萨 格斯也因此伤心而患病死去。贝比"萨格斯以前在辛辛那提的黑人 社区有着相当大的影响力，被许多人热奉为鼓舞人心的“圣女”。 自从塞丝出事后她便放弃讲道卧病在床。她死后数年里塞丝和丹 芙孤独地继续生活在小房子里，特别是丹芙，虽然已经十八岁， 但还是不敢离开房子半步。
获奖
此外，莫里森还荣获下列奖项： 1977年 《所罗门之歌》获全国图书评论界奖（National Book Critics Circle Award） 1977年 或美国艺术与文学学院奖（American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award） 1987-88年 获罗伯特·肯尼迪图书奖（Robert F. Kennedy Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获美国图书奖（American Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获安斯非尔德-沃尔夫种族关系图书奖（Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction） 1989年 美国现代语言协会联邦文学奖（MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature） 1993年 获法国艺术及文学司令勋章（Commander of the Arts and Letters ） 1994年 获孔多塞奖章（Condorcet Medal） 1994年 获赛珍珠奖（Pearl Buck Award） 1994年 获雷吉耶姆·朱里文学奖（Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature） 1996年 获全国图书基金美国文学突出贡献奖（National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters） 2000年 获全国人文奖章（National Humanities Medal）
美国文学之浪漫主义文学PPT学习教案
Transcendentalists超越论者，先验论者 , including Ralph
Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements. Apart from the Transcendentalists, there emerged during this period great imaginative writers ---Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Walt Whitman---whose novels and poetry
i830s roughly粗糙地；概略地 until the end of the American
Civil War. It came of age as an expression of a national spirit. One of the most important influences in the period was that of the
left a permanent imprint印记；痕迹 on American literature.
第2页/共27页
Its social historical and cultural background
The development of the American society nurtured养育；鼓励；培 植 "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. Historically, it was the time of westward expansion in America; economically, the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation; Politically, democracy and equality became the ideal of the new nation, and the two-party system came into being. Worthy of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government, the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression, to make known its new experience that other nations did not have: the early Puritan settlement, the confrontation with the Indians, the frontiersmen's life, and the wild west. Besides, the nation's literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as well. Thus, with a strong sense of optimism, a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first half of the 19th century.
Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements. Apart from the Transcendentalists, there emerged during this period great imaginative writers ---Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Walt Whitman---whose novels and poetry
i830s roughly粗糙地；概略地 until the end of the American
Civil War. It came of age as an expression of a national spirit. One of the most important influences in the period was that of the
left a permanent imprint印记；痕迹 on American literature.
第2页/共27页
Its social historical and cultural background
The development of the American society nurtured养育；鼓励；培 植 "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. Historically, it was the time of westward expansion in America; economically, the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation; Politically, democracy and equality became the ideal of the new nation, and the two-party system came into being. Worthy of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government, the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression, to make known its new experience that other nations did not have: the early Puritan settlement, the confrontation with the Indians, the frontiersmen's life, and the wild west. Besides, the nation's literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as well. Thus, with a strong sense of optimism, a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first half of the 19th century.
5.美国文学选读_课件Philip_Freneau
• 1.Concept: The arrangement of rhymes in a poem or stanza. • 2.types: • 1．end rhyme（尾韵）occurs at the end of a line. • 1） 联韵： “aabb”型。 • I shot an arrow into the air, a • It fell to earth, I knew not where a • For, softly it flew, the sight b • Could not follow it in its flight. b
Thematic Concern:
• 1. Death and Transience • 2. Imagination • 3. Craving for nature and freedom • His poems presented Romantic spirits but his form and taste were mainly influenced by Classicism.
• After war, he supported Jefferson, and contributed greatly to American government. • But after 50 years old, he lived in poverty. And at last he died in a blizzard.
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song
2） 交叉韵：abab型
• Sunset and evening star, a • And one clear call for me! b • And may there be no moaning of the bar, a • When I put out to sea, b • Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar
Thematic Concern:
• 1. Death and Transience • 2. Imagination • 3. Craving for nature and freedom • His poems presented Romantic spirits but his form and taste were mainly influenced by Classicism.
• After war, he supported Jefferson, and contributed greatly to American government. • But after 50 years old, he lived in poverty. And at last he died in a blizzard.
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song
2） 交叉韵：abab型
• Sunset and evening star, a • And one clear call for me! b • And may there be no moaning of the bar, a • When I put out to sea, b • Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar
《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
h
3
American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
h
8
2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
12
2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
美国文学 PPT课件
➢ Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
美国浪漫主义文学 ppt课件
如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你
是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？ • 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭 • “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我
笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……” • “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
温克尔bracebridgehall1822布雷斯布里奇田庄traveller1824旅客谈christophercolumbus1828哥伦布传granada1829攻克格拉纳达astoria1836阿斯托里亚olivergoldsmith1840revised1849哥尔德斯密斯传hissuccessors1850穆罕默德及其继承者georgewashingtonvolumes18551859华盛顿传18ralphwaldoemerson拉尔夫华尔多爱默生ralphwaldoemersonchiefspokesmannewenglandtranscendentalismwhichunanimouslyagreedromanticperiodamericanliteraturenature1836论自然americanscholar1837论美国学者divinityschooladdress1838神学院演讲oversoul1841selfreliance1841论自立20nathanielhawthorne1804l864纳撒尼尔霍桑julyl804prominentpuritanfamily
2.It tended to be didactic because of Puritan influence;
3.It was both imitative and independent
16
Major writers in The Romantic Period
是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？ • 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭 • “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我
笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……” • “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
温克尔bracebridgehall1822布雷斯布里奇田庄traveller1824旅客谈christophercolumbus1828哥伦布传granada1829攻克格拉纳达astoria1836阿斯托里亚olivergoldsmith1840revised1849哥尔德斯密斯传hissuccessors1850穆罕默德及其继承者georgewashingtonvolumes18551859华盛顿传18ralphwaldoemerson拉尔夫华尔多爱默生ralphwaldoemersonchiefspokesmannewenglandtranscendentalismwhichunanimouslyagreedromanticperiodamericanliteraturenature1836论自然americanscholar1837论美国学者divinityschooladdress1838神学院演讲oversoul1841selfreliance1841论自立20nathanielhawthorne1804l864纳撒尼尔霍桑julyl804prominentpuritanfamily
2.It tended to be didactic because of Puritan influence;
3.It was both imitative and independent
16
Major writers in The Romantic Period
美国文学选读复习PPT课件
1)Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·华尔 多·艾默生
• 《Self-reliance 论自立》选自《Essays论文集》 • “不论在何处，社会总是阴谋反对每一个社会成员的阳刚之气，...要想做一
个男子汉，首先就要做一个拒绝随波逐流的人。” • 惧怕舆论和强迫自己始终如一就只会使自己的创造力和独创精神丧失殆尽。
5)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹 沃斯·朗费罗--Romanticism
I shot an arrow 我射出一支箭&A psalm of life人生颂 • 主题：Life is not a dream,seize the day but hold on your patience--
超验主义哲学Transcendentalism；人文主义Humanism 作品： • ①论自然Nature • ②论美国学者 The American scholar • ③神学院致辞 The Divinity school address • ④论文集Essays：Frist Series&.....Second • ⑤人类代表 Representative men • ⑥英国特征 Enct of life • ⑧诗集Poems • ⑨五月节 May-Day and other pieces
2）Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑
红字：The severity of the Puritanic code of law • A--Adultery→angle able • 为什么女主把胸前的A绣得那么精美？ 1、love for A 2、She knows that she was guilty,it means sin. • 人物： 女主：Hester Prynne 丈夫：Arthur Chillingworth 情人：Rodger Dimmesdale 女儿：Pearl • “The kingdom of heaven is like merchants in search of fine pearls;on fingding
美国文学史及作品选读PPT5
Whitman’s great work: Leaves of Grass
(Marking the birth of true American poetry) ● Went through 9 editions: 1855, 1856, 1860, 1867, 1871, 1876, 1881, 1889, 1891-92.
Discussion of Dickinson’s Poem “Success Is Counted Sweetest”
◆ Who are “the purple host”? ◆ Who is “he” in the last stanza?
◆ Why is success “counted sweetest by those who never succeed”?
Whitman’s Poetics
● Whitman’s poetic style is marked, first of all, by the use of the poetic “I” (usually a triangular relationship: “I” the poet, subject in the poem and “you” the reader. ● Whitman is also radically innovative in terms of the form of his poetry. What he prefers is “free verse”.
Whitman has been compared to a mountain in American literary history.
His innovations in diction and versification, his frankness about sex, his inclusion of the commonplace and the ugly and his censure of the weakness of the American democratic practice paved his way to a share of immortality in American Literature.
美国文学史及作品选读 PPT
◆ John Winthrop: The History of New England, A Model of Christian Charity
◆ Anne Bradstreet: first American woman
poet; a Puritan poet; once called “Tenth Muse”; her first collection of poems, “The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” was the first book written by a woman to be published in the United States; her poems mainly about religious experience, family life and early settlers’ lives; her work also serves as a document of the struggles of a Puritan wife against the hardships of New England colonial life, and in some way is a testament to plight of the women of the age; her most famous poems—“Contemplations” (P17)
● Representatives
◆ Captain John Smith: the first American Writer, A Description of New England (P16)
◆ William Bradford: The History of Plymouth Plantation (P16-17)
◆ Anne Bradstreet: first American woman
poet; a Puritan poet; once called “Tenth Muse”; her first collection of poems, “The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” was the first book written by a woman to be published in the United States; her poems mainly about religious experience, family life and early settlers’ lives; her work also serves as a document of the struggles of a Puritan wife against the hardships of New England colonial life, and in some way is a testament to plight of the women of the age; her most famous poems—“Contemplations” (P17)
● Representatives
◆ Captain John Smith: the first American Writer, A Description of New England (P16)
◆ William Bradford: The History of Plymouth Plantation (P16-17)
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The Wild Honey Suckle
• “The wild honey suckle” is Philip Preneau’s most widely read natural lyric with the theme of transience. In this poem the poet expressed a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature. He not only meditated on mortality but also celebrated nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature. • the poem showed strong feelings for the natural beauty, which was the characteristic of romantic poets.
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song
2） 交叉韵：abab型
• Sunset and evening star, a • And one clear call for me! b • And may there be no moaning of the bar, a • When I put out to sea, b • Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar
《英国囚船》
(1781) • “The Indian 《奄奄一息的印第安人：Burying 托姆· 察吉》
《纪念美国勇士》
• “The Wild Honey Suckle” (1786)
《野金银花》 Ground” (1788)
• “The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi”
《印第安人墓地》
What is the Rhyme Scheme of The Wild Honey Suckle?
• Grow-retreat-blow-greet-here-tear • a-b-a-b-c-c
Metrical pattern (iambic tetrameter)
• • • • • • • • • Fair flower, that dost so comely grow ﹀ \ ﹀ \ ﹀ \ ﹀ \ Hid in this silent, dull retreat ﹀ \ ﹀ \ ﹀ \ ﹀ \ Untouched thy honeyed blossoms blow, ﹀ \ ﹀ \ ﹀ \ ﹀ \ Unseen thy little branches greet: ﹀ \ ﹀ \ ﹀ \ ﹀ \ No roving foot shall crush thee here, ﹀ \﹀ \ ﹀ \ ﹀ \ • No busy hand provoke a tear. • ﹀ \﹀ \ ﹀ \ ﹀ \
The Wild Honey Suckle:
• Read the poem on p.45 and try to get the main idea:
The first stanza
• • Fair flower, that dost so comely grow, Hid in this silent, dull retreat,
• Later he attended the War of Independence, and he was captured by British army in 1780. • After being released, he published “The British Prison Ship” in 1781. • In the same year, he published “To the Memory of the Brave Americans”.
2. His Life
• He was born in New York. • At 16, he entered the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). He decided do a postgraduate study in theology. But two years later he gave it up. (While still an undergraduate, he wrote in collaboration with one of his friends (H. H. Brackenridge) a poem entitled “The Rising Glory of America”.)
Thematic Concern:
• 1. Death and Transience • 2. Imagination • 3. Craving for nature and freedom • His poems presented Romantic spirits but his form and taste were mainly influenced by Classicism.
• 那些难免消逝的美使我 销魂， 想起你未来的结局我就 心疼， 别的那些花儿也不比你 幸运—— 虽开放在伊甸园中也已 凋零， 无情的寒霜再加秋风的 威力， 会叫这花朵消失得一无 踪迹。
• 朝阳和晚露当初曾把你 养育， 让你这小小的生命来到 世上， 原来若乌有，就没什么可失去， 因为你的死让你同先前 一样； 这来去之间不过是一个 钟点—— 这就是脆弱的花享有的 天年。
• 美好的花呀，你长得：这 么秀丽， 却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地 方—— 甜美的花儿开了却没人亲 昵， 招展的小小枝梢也没人观 赏； 没游来荡去的脚来把你踩 碎， 没东攀西摘的手来催你落 泪。
• 大自然把你打扮得一身 洁白， 她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的 目光， 她布置下树荫把你护卫 起来， 又让潺潺的柔波淌过你 身旁； 你的夏天就这样静静地 消逝， 这时候你日见萎蔫终将 安息。
What is a Honeysuckle?
• Honey suckle: it is one of the most beautiful of all wildflowers for its scent and ability to grow in difficult places. • Grows on acid soils and old mines, railway tracks and is a good herbaceous plant. The flowers are short lived but lovely, often found on canals where it likes the water that is available. • 忍冬花。俗称金银花。
The Wild Honeysuckle • This poem was published in his Poems (1786) and was virtually unread in the time when he was living. • The poem is said to anticipate the nineteenth-century romantic use of simple nature imagery. • It is considered one of the author’s finest nature poems.
The Indian Burying Ground
• Death in the Indian
3. What lessons can we draw from the poem?
• The wild can also be beautiful. • Everyone should take an active attitude toward life. never avoid challenges for fear of losing something. • One can’t achieve anything under the shelter and protection.
Lecture 5 The Representatives of American Enlightenment:
Philip Freneau(1752-1832)
Philip Freneau (1752-1832)
“Poet of the American Revolution” “Father of American Poetry” “Pioneer of the New Romanticism” “A gifted and versatile lyric poet”
• He was the most significant poet of 18th century America. • Some of his themes and images anticipated the works of such 19th century American Romantic writers as Cooper, Emerson, Poe and Melville.
• 1.Concept: The arrangement of rhymes in a poem or stanza. • 2.types: • 1．end rhyme（尾韵）occurs at the end of a line. • 1） 联韵： “aabb”型。 • I shot an arrow into the air, a • It fell to earth, I knew not where a • For, softly it flew, the sight b • Could not follow it in its flight. b