二级笔译难度--笔译高级指导：名篇名译之单句篇
人事部二级笔译材料
英译汉35Since Darwin，biologists have been-firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning，pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution，exactly as Darwin knew it and described it，be planless and irrational？Do not aircraft design engineers work，at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out，according to the same principle of evolution，when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel，in order to choose the one that functions best？Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists，through thousands of computer operations，try to find out which materials，in which combinations and with what structural form，are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor？They also practise no designed adaptation，but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.「参考译文」达尔文以后的生物学家们一直相信，大自然的运行是没有计划没有意义的，不会按照预先设定的途径实现任何目的。
catti二级笔译
catti二级笔译CATTI二级笔译是中国翻译协会主办的国家级翻译考试，是中国翻译行业的重要标志之一。
本文将从考试内容、考试难度、备考技巧、未来发展等方面进行探讨。
一、考试内容CATTI二级笔译考试共分为两个部分，即英译汉和汉译英。
每个部分分为两节，第一节为翻译和润色，第二节为问答和补译。
考试内容主要涉及政治、经济、文化等领域，难度较高。
二、考试难度CATTI二级笔译考试难度较高，主要表现在以下几个方面：1. 词汇量要求高CATTI二级笔译考试需要掌握大量的专业词汇，考生需要具备广泛的知识储备和较高的词汇水平。
2. 理解能力要求强CATTI二级笔译考试需要考生具备较强的语言理解能力和阅读能力，能够快速准确地理解原文意思，并将其转化为准确、流畅的译文。
3. 翻译技巧要求高CATTI二级笔译考试需要考生具备较高的翻译技巧，能够准确地把握原文的语言风格和表达方式，灵活运用翻译技巧，使译文更加准确、流畅。
三、备考技巧CATTI二级笔译考试备考技巧主要包括以下几个方面：1. 提高词汇量CATTI二级笔译考试需要掌握大量的专业词汇，考生需要通过多读多译，积累词汇，提高词汇量。
2. 增强语言理解能力CATTI二级笔译考试需要考生具备较强的语言理解能力和阅读能力，考生可以通过阅读英文原版书籍、报纸杂志等提高语言理解能力和阅读能力。
3. 熟悉考试内容和形式CATTI二级笔译考试考试内容和形式需要考生熟悉，考生可以通过模拟考试、做真题等方式熟悉考试内容和形式。
4. 注意翻译技巧CATTI二级笔译考试需要考生具备较高的翻译技巧，考生需要注意翻译技巧，如准确把握语言风格和表达方式，灵活运用翻译技巧等。
四、未来发展CATTI二级笔译考试作为国家级翻译考试，具有较高的声誉和影响力，未来发展前景广阔。
随着中国经济的发展和国际交流的日益增多，翻译行业也将迎来更加广阔的发展空间，CATTI二级笔译考试将成为翻译行业人才选拔和培养的重要渠道。
2024英语二级笔译(CATTI 2)实务真题及参考译文
2024年英语二级笔译（CATTI 2）实务真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation【原文】①Mortgage rates dropped again this week, after plunging nearly half a percentage point last week. The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 6. 58 percent in the week ending November 23, down from 6. 61 percent the week before. A year ago, the 30-year fixed rate was 3. 10 percent. Mortgage rates rose throughout most of 2022, spurred by the Federal Reserve's unprecedented campaign of hiking interest rates in order to tame soaring inflation. But last week, rates tumbled aimed reports that indicated ion may have finally reached its peak.This volatility is making it difficult for potential home buyers to know, when to get into the market, and that is reflected in the latest data which shows existing home sales slowing across all price points. Mortgage rates tend to track the yield on 10-year US Treasury bonds. As investors see or anticipate rate hikes, they make moves which send yields higher and mortgage rates rise. The 10-year Treasury has been hovering in a lower range of 3. 7 percent to 3. 85 percent. That has led to a big reset in investors expectations about future interest rate hikes. Prior to that, the 10-year Treasury had risen above 4. 2 percent. However, the market maybe be a bit too quick to celebrate the improvement in inflation.At the Fed's November meeting, chairman Jerome Powell to the need for ongoing rate hikes to tame inflation. This could mean that mortgage rates may climb again, and that risk goes up if next month's inflation reading comes in on the higher side while it's difficult to time the market in order to get a low mortgage rate, plenty of would be home buyers are seeing a window of opportunity. Following generally higher mortgage rates throughout the course of 2022, the recent swing in buyers favor is welcome and could save the buyer of a median-priced home more than Us s100 per month relative to what they would have paid when rates were above 7 percent justtwo weeks ago.As a result of the drop in mortgage rates, both purchase and refinance applications picked up slightly last week. But refinance activity is still more than 80 percent below last years pace when rates were around 3. However, with week-to-week swings in mortgage rates averaging nearly three times those seen in a typical year and home prices still historically high, many potential shoppers have pulled back. A long-term housing shortage is keeping home prices high, even as the number of homes on the market for sales has increased, and buyers and sellers may find it more challenging align expectations on price.【参考译文】①继上周大幅下降近半个百分点之后，本周抵押贷款利率再度走低。
翻译二级笔译实务真题五
翻译二级笔译实务真题五Section Ⅰ English-Chinese TranslationPart A Compulsory Translation1. Mangoes in Afric（江南博哥）a, as elsewhere, often fall prey to fruit flies, which destroy about 40% of the continent's crop. In fact, fruit flies are so common in African mangoes that America has banned their import altogether to protect its own orchards. African farmers, meanwhile, have few practical means to defend their fruit. Chemical pesticides are expensive. And even for those who can afford them they are not that effective since, by the time a farmer spots an infestation, it is too late to spray.Agricultural scientists have also looked at controlling fruit flies with parasitic wasps. But the most common ones kill off only about one fly in 20, leaving plenty of survivors to go on the rampage. Lethal traps baited with fly-attracting pheromones are another option. But they, too, are expensive. Instead, most farmers simply harvesttheir fruit early, when it is not yet fully ripe. This makes it less vulnerable to the flies, but also less valuable.Farmers whose trees are teeming with worker ants, however, donot need to bother with any of this. In a survey of several orchardsin Benin, Dr van Mele and his colleagues found an average of lessthan one fruit-fly pupa in each batch of 30 mangoes from trees where worker ants were abundant, but an average of 77 pupae in batches from trees without worker ants. The worker ants, it turns out, are very thorough about hunting down and eating fruit flies, as well as a host of other pests.Worker ants have been used for pest control in China and other Asian countries for centuries. The practice has also been adopted in Australia. But Dr van Mele argues that it is particularly suited to Africa since worker ants are endemic to the mango-growing regions of the continent, and little training or capital is needed to put themto work. All you need do is locate a suitable nest and run stringfrom it to the trees you wish to protect. The ants will then quickly find their way to the target. Teaching a group of farmers in Burkina Faso to use worker ants in this way took just a day, according to Dr van Mele. Those farmers no longer use pesticides to control fruit flies, and so are able to market their mangoes as organic to eager European consumers, vastly increasing their income. The ants, so tospeak, are on the march.正确答案：如同其他地区一样，非洲芒果产区也饱受果蝇困扰，果蝇泛滥使芒果减产达40%左右。
catti二级笔译参考书籍
catti二级笔译参考书籍摘要：1.CATTI 二级笔译概述2.CATTI 二级笔译参考书籍推荐3.如何选择适合自己的参考书籍4.总结正文：CATTI 二级笔译，全称为全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试二级笔译，是中国大陆地区面向翻译工作者和相关专业学生的一项职业资格考试。
该考试旨在检验考生的翻译实践能力和基本翻译素质，对于提升个人翻译水平和拓宽职业发展道路具有重要意义。
对于备考CATTI 二级笔译的考生而言，选择合适的参考书籍是至关重要的。
本文将为大家推荐一些CATTI 二级笔译参考书籍，并分享如何选择适合自己的参考书籍。
首先，我们来了解一下CATTI 二级笔译考试的基本情况。
该考试分为两部分：笔译实务和笔译综合能力。
笔译实务主要考察考生的翻译实践能力，包括英汉互译等；笔译综合能力则主要考察考生的基本翻译素质，如词汇、语法、修辞等。
针对这两个部分，我们可以选择不同的参考书籍进行复习。
接下来，我们为大家推荐一些CATTI 二级笔译参考书籍。
在笔译实务方面，以下几本书值得推荐：1.《英汉翻译教程》（许渊冲著）：该书理论与实践相结合，讲解详细，适合初学者入门。
2.《英汉翻译实用技巧》（庄绎传著）：本书重点讲解翻译技巧，实用性强。
在笔译综合能力方面，可以参考以下书籍：1.《英语语法大全》（张道真著）：该书内容全面，讲解透彻，适合英语语法学习。
2.《词汇学教程》（陆谷孙著）：本书系统地介绍了词汇学的基本知识和方法，有助于提高考生的词汇水平。
当然，选择参考书籍时，还需结合个人实际情况，选择适合自己的书籍进行复习。
以下几点建议供大家参考：1.根据自己的基础选择难度适中的书籍。
初学者可以从入门级别的教材开始，逐步提高难度。
2.了解自己的需求，选择针对性强的书籍。
如果自己在某个方面有明显不足，可以寻找针对该方面的专门教材进行学习。
3.参考书籍的口碑和销量。
一般来说，口碑好、销量高的书籍质量较为可靠，可以作为参考。
总之，备考CATTI 二级笔译，选择合适的参考书籍是关键。
笔译高级翻译辅导-名篇名译(3)
赏析：“万没有想到”、“没法儿”、“明白是非好歹了”、“用不着跟着瞎操心了”等，都是明白如话的语言，也许同原文比较正式的文体不是很吻合，但考虑到父母给子女的信所用的就应是谈家常的语言，译文反而较原文更合情理，况且上下文所用的也都是这种明白如话的语言句（可惜此处无法抄录），放在这样的上下文中也显得很自然。
3.
原文：The result of this was that believers still believed and doubters remained doubtful.
译文：此事的结果是信者自信之，疑者自疑之。
赏析：”信者自信之，疑者自疑之”,是何等地道的汉语，何等贴切的表达。
4.
原文：He had left a note of welcome for me,as sunny as his face.
本期题目:翻译下列句子
1.A new dignity crept into his walk.
2.A pretty face has ruined an empire.
参考答案:
1.A new dignity crept into his walk.
译文：走起路来，不觉平添了几分尊严。（黄邦杰《译艺谭》）
赏析：原句出自美国黑人作家杜波依斯(William E. B. Du Bois)所著的《黑人的灵魂》(The Souls of Black Folk)，译者移模先将其译为“走路的姿态不知道什么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象”，黄邦杰先生赞译文“读起来相当明快爽朗，对照原文，又字字都有来历，有些词在原文的字面上虽然没有，却在其含义之中”。这段评语言之凿凿，有根有据。黄先生受译文的启发，又提出了一个新译，即上面的译句，用“平添”来表达”new”，用“不觉”来译”creep”,确实精妙。
二级笔译难度--笔译高级指导：名篇名译之单句篇
二级笔译难度--笔译高级指导：名篇名译之单句篇单句篇(一)译事三难:信、达、雅。
求其信，已大难矣！故信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达上焉。
...易曰：“修辞立诚。
”子曰：“辞达而已！”又曰：“言而无文，行之不远。
”三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。
故信、达而外，求其尔雅...——严复《天演论.译立言》1.原文：It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.译文：世事皆利弊并存。
赏析：原句结构比较特殊（"It is ... that ...")，理解起来有点困难。
“对谁都没有好处的风才是坏风”，也就是说大多数情况下风对人都是有好处、有坏处，再引申一步就成了上面的译句。
林佩耵在《中英对译技巧》一书中（第68页）还给了几个相同结构的英文句子。
翻译的前提是理解。
有人指出。
市面上见到的翻译作品，有好多都带有因理解不正确而产生的低级错误，“信”都谈不上还妄谈什么“达”和“雅”！初学翻译的朋友，在理解原文上当不遗余力。
2.原文：Their language was almost unrestrained by any motive of prudence.译文：他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么，全然不考虑什么谨慎不谨慎。
赏析：如果硬译，译文势必成了“他们的言论几乎不受任何深思熟虑的动机的约束”。
译者本其译，化其滞，将原句一拆为二，充分运用相关翻译技巧，译文忠实、通顺。
3.原文：Get a livelihood,and then practise virtue.译文：先谋生而后修身。
（钱钟书译）赏析：原句是祈使句，译句也传达出了训导的意味。
用“谋生”来译“Get a livelihood"，用“修身”来译“practise virtue",可谓精当。
巧的是，原句七个词，译句也是七个汉字。
4.原文：I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.译文:我喜爱那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清亮的流水把我的身体托浮在水面。
2020二级笔译汉译英译文
2020二级笔译汉译英译文Title: An Overview of the 2020 Second-Level Chinese-English Translation ExaminationIntroduction:The 2020 Second-Level Chinese-English Translation Examination was a significant event in the field of translation. This article aims to provide an accurate and detailed overview of the translation tasks and challenges faced by candidates during this examination. The article will be structured as follows: an introduction, the main body with five major points, and a conclusion summarizing the key aspects of the examination.Main Body:1. Translation of General Texts:1.1 Understanding the Context: Candidates needed to comprehend the overall context of the text to ensure accurate translation.1.2 Vocabulary and Terminology: The use of appropriate vocabulary and terminology was crucial for conveying the intended meaning of the original text.1.3 Sentence Structure and Grammar: Maintaining the original sentence structure and grammar while adapting it to English was a challenge for candidates.2. Translation of Specialized Texts:2.1 Domain Knowledge: Candidates were required to possess a solid understanding of specialized fields such as law, finance, or medicine to accurately translate technical terms.2.2 Research Skills: Effective research skills were essential for candidates to find accurate and reliable sources to aid in the translation of specialized texts.2.3 Style and Tone: Adapting the style and tone of the original text while ensuring clarity and readability in the target language was a key consideration.3. Translation of Idioms and Cultural References:3.1 Idiomatic Expressions: Candidates needed to have a deep knowledge of idiomatic expressions in both languages to accurately translate them.3.2 Cultural Awareness: Understanding the cultural context and references in the source text was crucial for conveying the intended meaning in the target language.3.3 Creativity and Adaptation: Candidates had to find creative ways to adapt idiomatic expressions and cultural references to ensure they were understood by the target audience.4. Translation of Literary Texts:4.1 Literary Style: Translating literary texts required capturing the unique style, tone, and nuances of the original work.4.2 Poetic Devices: Candidates needed to be familiar with various poetic devices to accurately translate poetry or prose with rhythmic elements.4.3 Conveying Emotion: Translating literary texts involved conveying the emotions and subtleties of the original work to maintain its artistic impact.5. Translation of Audiovisual Materials:5.1 Transcribing and Subtitling: Candidates were required to accurately transcribe spoken dialogues and provide appropriate subtitles that conveyed the intended meaning.5.2 Synchronizing Timing: Timing was crucial in audiovisual translation to ensure that the subtitles matched the spoken words and the overall flow of the video.5.3 Cultural Adaptation: Adapting audiovisual materials involved considering cultural differences and ensuring that the translation was culturally appropriate for the target audience.Conclusion:The 2020 Second-Level Chinese-English Translation Examination presented candidates with a range of translation challenges across different text types. From general texts to specialized fields, idiomatic expressions to literary works, and audiovisual materials, candidates had to demonstrate their linguistic proficiency, cultural awareness, and research skills. The examination highlighted the importance of accurate translation, maintaining the original meaning, and adapting it appropriately to the target language and culture.。
catti二级笔译
catti二级笔译随着全球化和经济的发展，越来越多的人开始关注翻译行业。
CATTI（中级口译资格证书）作为一个重要的翻译资格证书，受到越来越多人的关注和认可。
本文将从以下几个方面，阐述CATTI二级笔译的相关内容。
一、CATTI二级笔译的概述CATTI二级笔译是由中国翻译协会主办的国家级翻译考试，是考核翻译人员在翻译工作中的语言能力、翻译能力和专业素养的重要证书。
CATTI二级笔译考试分为两个部分：笔译和口译，本文主要介绍笔译部分。
CATTI二级笔译的考试内容主要包括两个方面：翻译和写作。
其中翻译部分包括中译英和英译中两个环节，考察翻译人员的语言功底和翻译能力。
写作部分包括中文写作和英文写作两个环节，考察翻译人员的文字表达能力和文化素养。
二、CATTI二级笔译的考试难度CATTI二级笔译的考试难度相对较高，主要体现在以下几个方面： 1、语言水平要求高：CATTI二级笔译考试要求翻译人员具备高水平的中英文语言能力，能够准确理解和表达中英文语言的意思和情感。
2、翻译难度大：CATTI二级笔译考试的翻译内容涉及多个领域和行业，要求翻译人员具备广泛的知识储备和专业背景，能够准确理解和翻译各类专业术语和行业用语。
3、时间限制紧：CATTI二级笔译考试时间限制较紧，要求翻译人员在有限的时间内完成翻译和写作任务，对翻译人员的时间管理和工作效率提出了较高要求。
三、CATTI二级笔译的备考方法CATTI二级笔译的备考方法主要包括以下几个方面：1、语言学习：CATTI二级笔译考试的语言水平要求较高，因此备考过程中需要注重语言学习，提高中英文语言水平，扩大词汇量和语言表达能力。
2、专业学习：CATTI二级笔译考试的翻译内容涉及多个领域和行业，因此备考过程中需要注重专业学习，了解各类专业术语和行业用语，提高翻译能力。
3、模拟练习：CATTI二级笔译考试的时间限制较紧，因此备考过程中需要注重模拟练习，提高翻译速度和工作效率，适应考试节奏。
专8翻译必备《英汉名篇名译》单句篇
《英汉名篇名译》单句篇（1-5）译事三难：信、达、雅。
求其信，已大难矣！故信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达上焉。
…易曰：“修辞立诚。
”子曰：“辞达而已！”又曰：“言而无文，行之不远。
”三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。
故信、达而外，求其尔雅…——严复《天演论。
译立言》单句篇（一）1.原文：It i s a n il l wi ndthatbl ows nob ody goo d.译文：世事皆利弊并存。
赏析：原句结构比较特殊（"I t is…t hat…"），理解起来有点困难。
“对谁都没有好处的风才是坏风”，也就是说大多数情况下风对人都是有好处、有坏处，在引申一步就是成了上面的译句。
林佩耵在《中英对译技巧》一书中（第68页）还给了几个相同结构的英文句子。
翻译的前提是理解。
有人指出。
市面上见到的翻译作品，有好多都带有因理解不正确而产生的低级错误，“信”都谈不上还妄谈什么“达”和“雅”！初学翻译的朋友，在理解原文上当不遗余力。
2.原文：Theirl anguage was alm ost unre strain ed by a nymoti ve o f p ruden ce.译文：他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么，全然不考虑什么谨慎不谨慎。
赏析：如果硬译，译文势必成了“他们的言论几乎不受任何深思熟虑的动机的约束”。
译者本其译，化其滞，将原句一拆为二，充分运用相关翻译技巧，译文忠实、通顺。
3.原文：Get a li ve lihood,and the n practi se virtu e.译文：先谋生而后修身。
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二级笔译难度--笔译高级指导：名篇名译之单句篇单句篇（一）译事三难：信、达、雅。
求其信，已大难矣！故信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达上焉。
••易曰：“修辞立诚。
”子曰：“辞达而已！”又曰：“言而无文，行之不远。
”三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。
故信、达而外，求其尔雅…一一严复《天演论•译立言》1.原文：It is an ill wind that blows n obody good.译文：世事皆利弊并存。
赏析：原句结构比较特殊（"It is ... that •••"），理解起来有点困难。
“对谁都没有好处的风才是坏风”，也就是说大多数情况下风对人都是有好处、有坏处，再引申一步就成了上面的译句。
林佩耵在《中英对译技巧》一书中（第68页）还给了几个相同结构的英文句子。
翻译的前提是理解。
有人指出。
市面上见到的翻译作品，有好多都带有因理解不正确而产生的低级错误，“信”都谈不上还妄谈什么“达”和“雅” ！初学翻译的朋友，在理解原文上当不遗余力。
2.原文：Their Ian guage was almost un restra ined by any motive of prude nee.译文：他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么，全然不考虑什么谨慎不谨慎。
赏析：如果硬译，译文势必成了“他们的言论几乎不受任何深思熟虑的动机的约束”。
译者本其译，化其滞，将原句一拆为二，充分运用相关翻译技巧，译文忠实、通顺。
3.原文：Get a livelihood,a nd the n practise virtue.译文：先谋生而后修身。
（钱钟书译）赏析：原句是祈使句，译句也传达出了训导的意味。
用"谋生”来译" Get a livelihood", 用"修身”来译"practise virtue", 可谓精当。
巧的是，原句七个词，译句也是七个汉字。
4.原文：I enjoy the clea n voluptuous ness of the warm breeze on my skin and the coolsupport of water.译文:我喜爱那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清亮的流水把我的身体托浮在水面。
（章振邦译）赏析："voluptuousness" 不会"clean",是"breeze""clean","support" 不会"cool", 是"water""cool"，这种“甲乙两项相关联，就把原属于形容甲的修饰语移属于乙”的修饰手法叫"移就” （transferred epithet）（《英语修辞赏析》，第145页）。
在翻译带有移就修辞手法的英语句子时，有时需要按照汉语习惯将属于甲的修饰语还给甲，章振邦先生在这个译例里就做了这种处理。
除此之外，译者还进行了结构上的调整，将原句拆译为两个排比句，加强了译句的表现力。
译句的选词也极为考究，整个译句读来音韵流动，口齿生香。
本次课后习题：用今天学到的翻译以下句子，每一次相信都有非常大的收获哦！1.It is a wise man that n ever makes mistakes.2.It is a bad action that success cannot justify.3.It is a good horse that n ever stumbles.答案：1. 智者千虑，必有一失。
2. 胜者为王。
3. 马有失蹄单句篇（二）译事三难：信、达、雅。
求其信，已大难矣！故信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达上焉。
..易曰：“修辞立诚。
”子曰：“辞达而已！”又曰：“言而无文，行之不远。
”三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。
故信、达而外，求其尔雅…一一严复《天演论•译立言》1.原文：rm not the first man who has made mistakes.译文：自来出错的人多了，我又不是头一个。
（黄邦杰：《译艺谈》）赏析：译成“我又不是第一个出错的人！”也很忠实、通顺，只是平淡了一点。
译成如上的汉语句子，说话人“死不悔改”的态度就活灵活现了。
翻译是不应仅仅满足于达意，还要追求传神。
2.原文：The clear heaven overhead was emptied of all its gold.Dusk spread over it,abruptly darke ning the Seven Hills.译文：天宇澄清，余晖尽散，夜幕降临，罗马七丘顿时昏暗。
（翁显良译）赏析：读这样的译文，是否让您想到了盛行于汉魏六朝时期的赋？一般说来，过多的美化译文很容易歪曲原文的意义和精神，而此处译文却同原文在意义和精神上丝丝相扣，这就是见译者功力的地方了。
3.原文：There are books and books.译文：书有种种，好坏不一。
赏析：一个看似简单的英文句子，要正确理解确需一番想象力和推理。
理解正确了，还有表达的好坏，比如译成“（世上）有各种各样的书”，就没有“书有种种，好坏不一”来的整齐上口。
4.原文：These alter nati ons of mood were the despair and joy of Etha n Frome.(EdithWhart on:Etha n Frome)译文：她这样一会儿一种情绪，叫伊坦时而灰心，时而高兴。
赏析：将"alternations of mood" 掰开译为"一会儿一种情绪”后面跟上叫伊坦时而如何、时而如何，自然、流畅。
对比原文和译文，在水平上体现了不同的层次在上期中碰到的问题中，大家普遍对习题2不是很理解，再这里我说下讲解，可供大家参考：习题中的3道题都是林佩耵在《中英对译技巧》一书中给的几个与节目第一句相同结构的英文句子，而第二题运用节目第一句的思维，把"It is a bad action that success cannot justify"直译成"没有胜利维护的就不是好的战斗",那么引申出”只有胜利维护了的战斗(只有战斗胜利了)才是好的战斗",这样译出来的感觉就非常霸气，也就是说不管我在这场战斗中是好是坏，只要我胜利了，这场战斗就是好的了.所以可以得出”胜者就是王".这个讲解较为通俗，以便大家能够更好的理解.另外请大家在答题时勇敢写上自己的答案，就是非常不肯定，没有头绪，也请写上自己的想法因为这样，等到看到答案后才能更好的学习到，接受这次的知识.此次课后作业：翻译下面的句子1.It was morning but the win ter sky was dark.大冬天的，都早上了，天还黑着。
2."What the devil are you doing away from your work at this time o' day?"这个时候你不工作到底在干什么答案：1」t was morning but the win ter sky was dark.译文:一个冬天的清晨，天色十分阴暗.赏析：语际转换中，词与词之间的关系也可能发生变化。
原句中，"winter"修饰"sky"，译文中，"winter"转而修饰"morning" 了，这种修饰关系的变化，是出于汉语表达的需要。
不论采用什么样的翻译技巧，目的都是为了曲尽原意，使译文符合汉语的行文习惯。
2."What the devil are you doing away from your work at this time o' day?"译文：“你他妈怎么这时跑开了，不快快干活？”（张谷若译）赏析：原文语言鄙俗，译文语言也当鄙俗，故有“你他妈”放在句前。
“不快快干活儿”去掉也未尝不可，只是这样的话，句子读来便有点太局促了，语气舒展不开单句篇（三）译事三难：信、达、雅。
求其信，已大难矣！故信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达上焉。
..易曰：“修辞立诚。
”子曰：“辞达而已！”又曰：“言而无文，行之不远。
”三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。
故信、达而外，求其尔雅…一一严复《天演论.译立言》1.原文：Paula did n't need any lessons when it comes to office politics.译文：说到办公室里明争暗斗那一套，保拉可算是无师自通。
赏析：坊间可见的翻译教程在论及词的翻译时，大多谈到了词义的引申，学习翻译的朋友对这一技巧也烂熟于心，但如何引申却是个大学问。
"office politics"引申译为“办公室里明争暗斗”，不能不让人佩服：没有对"office politics" 词义的深刻理解，是断然不敢这么大胆的；"did n't need any lesso ns" 译为“可算是无师自通”。
也颇值得称道；再加上句子结构的适当调整，佳译便诞生了。
2.原文：...while his father and mother had written a rather sad letter,deploring his precipita ncy in rush ing into marriage,but making the best of the matter by say ingthat,though a dairywoman was the last daughter-in-law they could have expected,their son had arrived at an age at which he might be supposed to be thebest judge.（Thomas Hardy:T ess of the d'Urbervilles）译文：父母倒是有信，不过信上写的，未免叫人听着不受用，只埋怨他，说他不该这样急不能待地就结婚；但是事情既是没法更改了，他们又说，虽然万没有想到，会娶一个挤牛奶的女孩做儿媳妇，但是儿子已经长大了，也许自己明白是非好歹了，当爹妈的也就不用跟着瞎操心了，用此自遣。
（张谷若译）赏析：“万没有想到”、“没法儿”、“明白是非好歹了” 、“用不着跟着瞎操心了”等，都是明白如话的语言，也许同原文比较正式的文体不是很吻合，但考虑到父母给子女的信所用的就应是谈家常的语言，译文反而较原文更合情理，况且上下文所用的也都是这种明白如话的语言句（可惜此处无法抄录），放在这样的上下文中也显得很自然。