汉译英：段落层次的分析语翻译实践 (1)
汉译英：段落层次的语翻译实践(1)
one(s)‘, ’do‘, ’so/not‘, ’same‘ etc. • 黄先生有没有拿信？可能拿过了。 • Did Mr. Huang take that letter? he might have
done.
英语篇章特点 汉英篇章对比 汉英翻译策略 3
• I'm trying to get to sleep but he's at it again, my neighbour, playing the guitar. He actually owns two guitars, a simple acoustic one and an expensive electric one. But he seems to prefer to play the electric one late at night when I'm trying to get to sleep and have to get up at the crack of dawn for work the next day. I don't know what his other neighbour thinks about it, or his wife for that matter. They must be more tolerant than me. The problem is, not only does he play the guitar very loudly, but he also plays it quite badly. I really wish he would take up another hobby altogether, or at least find a quieter musical instrument to play.
英译汉的层次(句子翻译)
• There are something original, independent, and
heroic about the plan that please them all.
• 这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力， • 所以使所有人都很喜欢它。（果）
• Those who are in favour please hold up their
wonder 【 whether he will come in such a bad day】. 我不知道在这样的天气里他 是不是能来。
• that引导 eg: 【 That you have done such a stupid thing】
was incredible. 你竟然做这么傻的事情，（这）真叫人难以置信。
• 行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里 有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适 当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就 会发展到较高的水平。
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• 例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.
• (2)表语从句的译法 • (3)宾语从句的译法
顺译法 在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开
• (4)同位语语
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分译法
• What引导 eg: 【What was once regarded as
语篇翻译(英译汉)1
感谢大家让我有机会就这个极为重大的政治 问题发表看法。 感谢你们给我机会就这个最重要的政治问题 发表见解。 能有机会对这个重大的政治问题发表我的看 法，我甚为感激。 能有机会就这个极为重大的政治问题发表我 的见解，我不胜感激。 能有机会就这个最重要的政治问题阐述我的 观点，我十分感激。
Such renunciation, however, can only be effective if at the same time a supra-national judicial and executive body is set up empowered to decide questions of immediate concern to the security of the nations.
The idea of achieving security through （） national armament is, at the present state of military technique, a disastrous illusion.
在目前军事技术如此发达的状况下，想通过加 强国家军备来保障安全，是一种幻想，会造成 灾难性后果。 企图通过加强国家军备来保障安全，在军事技 术如此发达的的今天，只能是一个灾难性幻想。 在军事技术已经发展到目前状态的今天，加强 国家军备以确保安全的想法，只是一个会带来 灾难性后果的幻想。 就当前军事技术发展状况而言，企图通过加强 军备来保障安全，只是一个会招致大祸的幻想。
英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)
英汉篇章翻译（技巧综合分析）Category: 本科四年级Key words: comprehensive analysis, shift of perspective, amplification, parataxis, othertechniques, E-C translationAbstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as shift of perspective, amplification, and parataxis used in text translating.Compiler: 许建平等Date: 2000年E-CPassage 1①On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt part of universe, even if only a minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.②Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients.③When I walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing I, too,had been a patient there.④It was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis.⑤It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes-a man with a total laryngectomy-when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.⑥If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think.⑦Why measure life in heartbeats?⑧When life is dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed.⑨The only thing that one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.①上次到巴哈马度假期间，我沿着海滩漫步，海浪轻轻抚揉着我的双脚，此时此刻，我蓦然觉得自己与整个宇宙融为一体，尽管我显得微不足道，就像海滩上的一粒沙子。
新四级汉译英段落翻译技巧分析解析
• 原文：他是1970 年5 月20 日在北京朝阳区出 生的。 • 译文：He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970. • 分析：汉语中时间状语在地点状语之前，时间 状语与地点状语按从大到小的 顺序排列，而英 语中地点状语在时间状语之前，时间状语与地 点状语按从小到大的顺序排列。
• 他的演讲给我们的印象很深。 • 译文：His speech impressed us deeply. • 3. 动词转化成名词 • 例如：他善于观察。 • 译文： He is a good observer.
3.词的增补
(1)语法需要 • 由于汉英两种语言的差异，汉译英时往往需要补充汉语里 省去的词语或没有的词类，使译文符合英语语法的要求。 增补的词多为冠词（英语所特有）、代词或名词（充当句 子的主语、宾语、定语等成分）、连词和介词等。 • 原文：农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲 望也小得多。 • 译文：People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society, thus their desires are far less either. • 分析：英语中用的最多的介词有at, by , for, from, in, of, on, to和with九个。这些介词是连接英语句子的重要纽带，在英 语中起着极其重要的作用。汉译英时，要根据上下文搭配 灵活地选择介词。
（2）状语的位置 • 原文：中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切。 • 译文：Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times. （状语后置） • • 原文：我吃了晚饭后出去散步。 • 译文：I went out for a walk after I had my dinner. / After I had my dinner, I went out for a walk. • 分析: 汉语按事情发生先后叙述，而英语中时间状语从句可 在主句前，也可在主句后。
浅析汉译英段落翻译策略
浅析汉译英段落翻译策略中文和英文是两种不同的语言，它们之间有很多差异，因此在翻译中需要采取不同的策略来完成准确、流畅的翻译。
下面我们就从几个方面来分析汉译英段落翻译的策略。
一、语法结构的转换中文语言结构复杂，常采用长句和复杂句。
而英文语言结构简洁，使用短句和简单句为主。
在翻译中需将中文句子进行分段，并对长句进行拆分，保证翻译的句子简短、清晰易懂。
同时要准确把握被翻译句子的时态、语态等语法成分的变化，以确保翻译的句子与原文保持一致。
二、语言风格的转换中文语言表达直观丰富，使用上下文、比喻等手段来增强语言表现力。
而英文语言表达则更为简练、明确，常使用词汇和语言习惯来表达意思。
因此在翻译中需遵守英文语言的表达习惯，并根据上下文和目标读者的文化背景和阅读习惯来确定翻译策略，以便让翻译的句子易于理解和接受。
三、文化差异的转换文化差异是中英文翻译中最大的难点之一。
由于两种语言的文化背景不同，有些词语甚至没有对应的翻译。
在翻译中需根据英语读者的文化背景和习惯来翻译。
同时，需注意当地的文化特点，并充分考虑译语读者的文化习惯和背景，使翻译内容贴近目标语言的文化，更易被读者所接受。
四、细节的把控在翻译过程中，还需注意细节的把控，如大小写、标点、词语的选择和语法的准确性等。
这些看似微不足道的细节都会影响到翻译的质量。
因此，在翻译过程中需对每一个细节都进行慎重的考虑和甄别，以确保翻译的句子质量达到最佳。
总之，汉译英段落翻译需要综合运用上述策略，结合翻译的具体内容和句子结构特点，采取精准、熟练的翻译技巧，始得翻译质量最佳。
浅析汉译英段落翻译策略
浅析汉译英段落翻译策略1. 引言1.1 浅析汉译英段落翻译策略Introduction:Translation is a complex and essential part of communication between different languages and cultures. When it comes to translating paragraphs from Chinese to English, there are various strategies that can be used to ensure accuracy and fluency in the target language. In this article, we will analyze the strategies involved in translating Chinese paragraphs into English, exploring the definition of translation, the impact of language and cultural differences, how to choose the appropriate translation strategy based on context, common translation strategies, and ways to improve the quality of Chinese to English paragraph translation. By understanding these strategies, translators can enhance the effectiveness of their translations, bridging the gap between languages and cultures. In the following sections, we will delve into the nuances of translating Chinese paragraphs into English, highlighting the importance of translation strategies and looking toward the future development of Chinese to English translation strategies.2. 正文2.1 翻译的定义与重要性The importance of translation cannot be overstated in today's globalized world where businesses, governments, and individuals interact on a global scale. Whether it is translating legal documents, marketing materials, academic papers, or literary works, accurate and effective translation is essential for conveying ideas, information, and emotions across language barriers.2.2 语言和文化差异对翻译的影响Language and cultural differences play a significant role in translation, as they can greatly impact the accuracy and effectiveness of the translated text. It is important for translators to be aware of these differences and to consider them carefully when translating from Chinese to English.One of the main ways in which language and cultural differences affect translation is through the use of idiomatic expressions and cultural references. Idioms, proverbs, and cultural references are often deeply rooted in the language and culture of a particular country, and may not have direct equivalents in the target language. When translating fromChinese to English, for example, a translator may struggle to find an appropriate English equivalent for a Chinese idiom, leading to potential misunderstandings or inaccuracies in the translation.Another way in which language and cultural differences impact translation is through the use of word choice and sentence structure. Chinese and English have different grammatical structures and syntax, which can make it challenging to accurately convey the meaning of a Chinese sentence in English. Translators must carefully consider the nuances of both languages in order to produce a well-written and accurate translation.Furthermore, cultural differences can also influence the tone and style of a translated text. What may be considered polite or formal language in Chinese may not have the same connotations in English, leading to potential misinterpretations of the original meaning. Translators must be sensitive to these cultural nuances in order to produce a translation that accurately reflects the tone and intent of the original text.In conclusion, language and cultural differences have a significant impact on the translation process from Chinese to English. Translators must be aware of these differences and approach the task with care and attention in order to produce ahigh-quality and accurate translation. By taking into account the nuances of both languages and cultures, translators can ensure that the meaning and tone of the original text are preserved in the translated version.2.3 如何根据语境选择合适的翻译策略如何根据语境选择合适的翻译策略非常重要，因为语境能够提供译者丰富的信息和线索，帮助他们准确理解原文意思并选择合适的表达方式。
英译汉的层次(段落篇章翻译)
由于参加"美国大学华盛顿秋季学期见习计划",劳伦斯 大学四年级学生邓拉维正在华盛顿特区,为"第一夫人"日 常信函办公室工作.据她透露,克林顿夫人每周大约收到 5000多封来信.邓拉维与同事每天就要处理100多封请柬, 邀请夫人参加从生日宴会以至婴儿洗礼之类的庆典.
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语篇意识
The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do (B. Russel：“How to Grow Old”).
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Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament , is in discourse; and for ability , is in the judgment and disposition of business. 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也， 最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔 论之中；其才干也，最见于处世判事之际。
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• • •
英语语篇的衔接
• I tried to get to sleep. My neighbour owns an acoustic guitar and an electric guitar. He likes to play the electric guitar. I had to get up at the crack of dawn for work the next day. The other neighbour and his wife must be more tolerant than me. I don't know what his other neighbour thinks about it. I don't know what his wife thinks about it. My neighbour plays the guitar quite badly. I wish my neighbour would take up another hobby. • I'm trying to get to sleep but he's at it again, my neighbour, playing the guitar. He actually owns two guitars, a simple acoustic one and an expensive electric one. But he seems to prefer to play the electric one late at night when I'm trying to get to sleep and have to get up at the crack of dawn for work the next day. I don't know what his other neighbour thinks about it, or his wife for that matter. They must be more tolerant than me. The problem is, not only does he play the guitar very loudly, but he also plays it quite badly. I really wish he would take up another hobby altogether, or at least find a quieter musical instrument to play.
英语篇章特点
汉英篇章对比
汉英翻译策略
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汉英段内连贯对比：替代和重复
• 英语：重 代词、同义词、近义词、代替句型 的替代作用 • 汉语：相同词语的重复 • 翻译策略：少重复，多替代 • 英语：按语法形式要求进行省略（所有格、形容词及介词 等后面的名词；系动词后面的表语；主谓一致时的主语或 谓语等）。 • 汉语：按语境省略（主语、领属语、中心语、关联词、谓 语皆可省略）。 • 翻译策略：省略得当，句式简洁 英语篇章特点 汉英篇章对比 汉英翻译策略
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汉英段内连贯对比:重复、替代与省略
• Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. • 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人 深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辨。
英语篇章特点
汉英篇章对比
汉英翻译策略
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汉英篇章特点对比
北京工美集团（原北京市工艺美术品总公司）是以生产工艺美术品为主， 融科研、生产、经营、教育与一体的多元化经济联合体。| 集团拥有工 商企业50余家，合资企业21家，驻外贸易机构一个，开展“三来一补” 业务。| 特艺、地毯、抽纱共有50多种产品获国际和国家大奖，自营 出口商品60大类上万个品种花色，销往世界五大洲130多个国家和地 区。 Beijing Gongmei Group specializes mainly in arts and crafts. | It is an economic complex combining scientific research, production, marketing, education and publication.| Under the group are over 50 industrial and commercial enterprises, including 21Sino-foreign joint ventures, and a trade agency abroad. | The group manufactures products according to clients’ samples or designs, or using clients’ materials, and conducts compensation trade. | Over 50 of its products have won international or domestic prizes, including special handicrafts, carpets and drawnwork. | It imports and exports 10,000 products in 60 categories, and its products are sold to 130 countries and regions on five continents.
英语篇章特点
汉英篇章对比
汉英翻译策略
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英语语篇的连贯
• a text can be linguistically cohesive but incoherent, as the example illustrates: • My father bought a Lincoln convertible. The car driven by the police was red. That color doesn't suit her. She consists of three letters. However, a letter isn't as fast as a telephone call.
• A: That's the telephone • B: I'm in the bath • A: O.K
英语篇章特点 汉英篇章对比 汉英翻译策略
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汉英篇章特点对比
• 英语篇章：开门见山，直奔主题 章法：introductionbody-conclusion • 汉语篇章：迂回曲折，委婉含蓄。 章法：起承转合 • 英语篇章：主题-段落 （层层递进；直线展开） • 汉语篇章：不同层面，同一论点 （螺旋形上升） • 英语段落的结构：key sentence – example; space; contrast; cause and effect • 汉语：主题句不明显，断尾可引出新主题 • 翻译策略：突出论点，减少迂回曲折
• A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. • 要了解一个人，可以看他交什么样的朋友，可以看他看什 么样的书，因为有的人跟人交朋友，有的人跟书交朋友， 但不管跟人交朋友还是跟书交朋友，都应该教好朋友。
英语篇章特点 汉英篇章对比 汉英翻译策略
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汉英段内连贯对比:重复、替代与省略
• 漫步山间时，听得四处竹林间的淙淙泉声，众多的细泉汇 成一条狭长而深邃的小溪，顺山势而下，及至悬崖处，猛 然跌落二三丈，形成一瀑布，水珠飞溅，凉透肌肤。 • Strolling along the path, you can hear springs singing everywhere in the bamboo forest. A number of little springs assemble into a narrow but deep little river, which runs along the mountainside. When it meets a small cliff, it falls down eight or nine metres, forming a thin water curtain. The cool drops fly about and splash over your skin. • 所以每每在大雪中的黄昏里，围着暖炉，围着祖父，听着 祖父读着诗篇，看着祖父读着诗篇时微红的嘴唇。 • On snowy evenings, we children often sat around the heating stove by grandpa, listening to him reading poems and watching his busy ruddy lips. 英语篇章特点 汉英篇章对比 汉英翻译策略
英语篇章特点 汉英篇章对比 汉英翻译策略
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英语语篇的衔接
• • • • 指示词（reference） 称谓语（deixis） 省略 （ellipsis） 他常唱民歌，我永远也忘不了他唱给我的第一首 歌。 He sings folk songs. I'll never forget the first he sang to me 替代词 （substitution） one(s)‘, ’do‘, ’so/not‘, ’same‘ etc. 黄先生有没有拿信？可能拿过了。 Did Mr. Huang take that letter? he might have done.