新编英汉翻译教程期末总复习

It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the n e c e s sa r y c on d i t i on s o f preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt has been continuously deposited, that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.
பைடு நூலகம்
严 复 的 翻 译 原 则
信
达
雅
译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信，已大难矣！ 顾信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达尚焉…… 此在译者将全文神理，融汇于心，则下笔抒词， 自善互备。至原文辞理本深，难于共喻，则当前后引衬， 以显其意。凡此经营，皆以为达； 为达，即所以为信也。
“信” faithfulness，是指忠实原文的思想内容 “达”（expressiveness）指译文通顺流畅 “雅”（elegance）文字古雅。 Ps：这里严复所说的“雅”是指“汉以前的字 法句法”。 严复是在使用文言文的时代从事翻 译，其所译原著多为 英国维多利亚时期的以文 风典雅著称的作品。
As the competition intensifies to excel in information technology, the division will likely widen. And as more individual Asians catch up with, or even surpass, Western counterparts in terms of IT skills—such an ecommerce, computer development and Internet use—many more will be left behind. 信息技术领域中的竞争正日益加剧，这种信息技术差距也 将会不断扩大。随着越来越多的亚洲国家在信息技术方面—— 诸如电子商务、计算机开发和互联网运用——赶超西方时，也 将会有更多的国家落在后面。
night. ×他的烦恼经不起安静的良宵美景的感染力。 【译文】 更深夜静，美景宜人，他的烦恼不禁烟 消云散。
1.3
She could not desert Tara; she belonged to the red acres far
more than they could ever belong to her. (M. Mitchell: Gone with theWind, p. 20) 【译1】她不会放弃塔拉；她属于这些红土地，远 比它们属于她更加真实。 【译2】她不能放弃塔拉；这块红土地是属于她的， 而她更是永远属于这块红土地。
1.1Translation Standards
许渊冲：诗歌翻译的三原则 “三美”（意美、音美、形美）（beautiful in sense, in
sound and in form)， “三化”（等化、浅化、深化）(equalization, generalization and particularization), “三知”（知之、好之、乐之）（comprehension, appreciation and admiration)
译文： 第23条* 公民有下列情形之一的， 利害关系人可以向人民法院申请 宣告他死亡：
(一) 下落不明满四年的；** （二）因意外事故下落不明，从
事故发生之日起满两年的。
战争期间下落不明的，下落不明
的时间从战争结束之日起计算。 ***
* 第23条 **第23条第1款第1项 ***第23条第2款
and grain store damaged. Thousands of peasants have been shown on television trying to save their grain by loading sacks into boats or trying to move them to higher ground. 五千多万亩粮田被淹,很多粮仓被毁。电视屏幕上,成 千上万的农民在设法抢救粮食。他们或把麻袋装的粮 食运到船上,或者把它们转移到高处。
is got rid of, the farther will the ball travel, and we are led to infer that, if all the impeding forces of gravitation and resistance could be removed, there is no reason why the ball, once in motion, should ever stop.

[译文1] 约翰两岁时变得异常调皮，是个不折不扣的“第 二号可怕人物”。他固执，常常损坏东西。 [译文2] 约翰两岁时变得异常调皮，是个不折不扣的“两 岁魔王”。他固执，常常损坏东西。
More than 50 million acres of farmland have been submerged
1.2 Foreignization and Domestication
矛盾说：“我以为所谓‘直译’也者，倒并非一定是
‘字对字’一个不多，一个也不少。‘直译’的意义 就是不要歪曲了原作的面目，要能表达原作的精神。” 朱光潜却说：“所谓‘直译’是指依原文的字面翻译， 有一字一句就译一字一句，而且字句的次第也不更 动。” 巴金说：“我觉得翻译方法其实只有一种，并没有 ‘直译’和‘意译’的分别。好的翻译应该都是‘直 译’，也都是‘意译’。”
She tries to calm her daughter with a faint smile and gentle
caress of her hair.
[参考译文]她淡淡地微笑着，温柔地爱抚着女儿的头发， 让她平静下来。
Party officials worked long hour on meagre food, in old
caves, by dim lamps.
党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭，住着寒冷的窑洞，点着昏
暗的油灯，长时间地工作。
When John was two years old, he was impossible, a typical
“Terrible Two”. He was destructive and stubborn.
1.2 Foreignization and Domestication
从历史上看，异化和归化可以视为直译和意译的延伸。
直译和意译所关注的核心问题是如何在语言层面处理 形式和意义，而异化和归化则突破了语言因素的局限， 将视野扩展到语言、文化和美学等因素。 归化法是“采取民族中心主义的态度，使外语文本符 合译入语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译入语文化”。 异化法则是“对这些文化价值观的一种民族偏离主义 的压力，接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带 入外国情景。”
英汉翻译总复习（2013-2014）
2014-01-02
1.1 Translation Standards
翻译的标准之争由来已久，“文质之争”、“直译意译之争”、 “归化异化之争”，不一而足。 释道安：案本 严复：信、达、雅 傅雷：神似 钱钟书：化境 鲁迅：宁信而不顺（直译）vs. 赵景深：宁错而务顺
The parties may, through consultation, make amendments to and revisions of this Contract as and when the need arises. 双方可在必要时通过协商，修改本合同。 This Agreement and any rights or obligations hereunder are not transferable or assignable by one party to this Agreement without the consent of the other party hereto. 本协议以及本协议规定的权利或义务，没有另一方的同意就不 得擅自转让。
Article 23* Under either of the



following circumstance, an interested person may apply to the people’s court for a declaration of a citizen’s death: (1) if the citizen’s whereabouts have been unknown for four years or, ** (2) if the citizen’s whereabouts have been unknown for two years after the date of an accident in which he was involved. If a person’s whereabouts become unknown during a war, the calculation of the time period in which his whereabouts are unknown shall begin on the final day of the war. *** * article 23 ** the subparagraph (1) of article 23 *** the second paragraph of article 23