合同翻译的第一步
国际贸易合同的翻译要点(一)

国际贸易合同的翻译要点(一)国际贸易合同的翻译要点(一)一:前言国际贸易合同翻译作为一项专业翻译领域,具有其独特的要求和特点。
为确保合同内容的准确传达,翻译人员需要掌握一定的翻译技巧和专业知识。
本文将介绍国际贸易合同翻译的要点,希望对相关翻译工作提供参考。
二:合同主体部分翻译1. 合同标题合同的标题应准确反映其内容和性质,翻译时需要保持准确与简明的原则。
根据合同的实际内容,选择合适的翻译方法,确保标题的准确传达。
2. 合同签署方合同签署方的名称和身份应准确翻译,包括公司名称、地址等信息。
同时,保证翻译的准确性和一致性,避免造成歧义和误解。
3. 条款和条文的翻译条款和条文是合同中最重要的内容,翻译时需要注重准确传达原文的意思和精神。
对于特定领域的术语,要根据上下文确定翻译方法,确保译文的准确性和可理解性。
4. 条款编号和顺序合同中的每个条款都有编号,翻译时需要保持一致性,确保译文与原文的对应关系。
另外,合同中的条款顺序也应保持一致,避免因翻译错误导致条款顺序混乱。
5. 合同格式和排版合同的格式和排版对于翻译来说也很重要。
翻译时要注意保持原文的格式和排版风格,确保合同的结构和布局与原文一致。
三:其他要点1. 格式和标点符号的统一合同中的格式和标点符号应保持统一,翻译时要严格遵守原文的格式要求。
同时,要注意区分中文标点和英文标点的差异,确保翻译的准确性。
2. 术语的准确翻译合同涉及大量的专业术语,翻译时要准确理解其含义,并选择适当的翻译方法。
可以参考相关领域的标准术语,确保翻译的准确性和规范性。
3. 文法和语言风格的统一翻译过程中要注意保持一致的文法和语言风格,避免翻译时造成句子结构混乱或语言使用不当的情况。
四:附件本文涉及的附件:1. 国际贸易合同原文2. 翻译后的国际贸易合同五:法律名词及注释1. 合同签署方 - Contracting Party2. 条款 - Article/Clause3. 附件 - Annex/Attachment4. 法律名词注释见附件《法律名词注释表》。
英语翻译学习资料(3):合同翻译的第一步

合同翻译的第一步——读懂合同文件转载自《中国法制信息网》傅伟良一.理解法律文件中的专门用语英语中某些副词如“here”及“where”在法律文件中往往当作前缀,与另一个词构成法律词汇中的专门用语。
在法律文件中用这些词,可以避免重复,避免误解,避免歧义,使行文准确、简洁。
以这种方法构成的词主要有:hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, hereto hereunder, hereupon, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter;thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith;whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon, etc。
这些词各有各的含义,笔者只能捡其中几个细说:比如:1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this 之意,即特此,因此,兹等意。
常用于法律文件、合同协议的正式文件的开头语,在条款中需要强调时也可用。
举原文说明,如:The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.文中:★hereby 意为by reason of this,特此的意思。
合同英语翻译方法

合同英语翻译方法翻译商务英语合同的时候,有什么技巧可以避免我们犯一些常见的错误?下面是我给大家整理的,供大家参阅!商务商务合同属于法律性公文,所以英译时,有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词,就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。
一.公文副詞但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现,这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替,从而影响到译文的质量。
实际上,这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多,而已构词简单易记。
常用的这类副词是由 here、there、where 等副词分别加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词,构成一体化形式的公文语副词。
例如:从此以后、今后:hereafter;此后、以后:thereafter;在其上:thereon hereupon;在其下:thereunder;对于这个:hereto;对于那个:whereto;在上文:hereinabovehereinbefore;在下文:hereinafterhereinbelow;在上文中、在上一部分中:thereinbefore;在下文中、在下一部分中:thereinafter.现用两个实例,说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。
例 1:本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 例 2:下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品,其品牌以此为合适。
The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语英译商务合同时,常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可,有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。
合同翻译入门教程

合同翻译入门教程合同翻译入门教程尊敬的读者:您可能正在为合同翻译而苦恼或正在准备涉外合同的起草工作。
作为专业的律师,我将为您提供一份合同翻译入门教程,帮助您理解合同翻译的基本知识和相关要求。
一、双方的基本信息在合同中,应该明确双方的姓名、地址、联系方式、法定代表人或授权代表等基本信息。
这些信息对于合同的签署和履行都是非常重要的。
如果在合同签署之后,发现双方的基本信息存在重大错误,那么可能会影响到合同的有效性。
二、各方身份、权利、义务、履行方式、期限、违约责任1、各方身份:在合同中应该明确各方的身份,包括甲方、乙方等。
2、权利:在合同中应该明确各方的权利,包括权利的内容、范围、限制等。
3、义务:在合同中应该明确各方的义务,包括义务的内容、范围、限制等。
4、履行方式:在合同中应该明确各项义务的履行方式或者步骤。
5、期限:在合同中应该明确各项义务的履行期限或者时间节点。
6、违约责任:在合同中应该明确各方对于合同履行不当或者违约行为所承担的责任或者应承担的违约赔偿等问题。
三、需遵守中国的相关法律法规在签署合同之前,甲方和乙方应该了解中国相关法律法规的规定,特别是有影响合同履行的法规和规定。
在合同签署的过程中,应该谨慎选择和使用惯用的法律条款和合同条款,避免使用不合法或不与中国法律相适应的条款。
四、明确各方的权力和义务在合同中,每一方的权力和义务都应当得到明确。
如果甲方或乙方对于自己的权力和义务存在疑问,应该在合同签署之前及时咨询专业人士,以便确定自己的权利和义务。
五、明确法律效力和可执行性合同的法律效力和可执行性是非常重要的问题。
在合同中应该明确有关法律的规定,明确合同条款的法律效力和可执行性,以便在必要的时候进行法律追诉或执行。
以上就是合同翻译入门教程的基本内容,仅供参考。
对于涉外合同的翻译和起草,您应该选择专业的律师或翻译公司进行合作。
在翻译和起草合同的过程中,应该注意文笔的规范与科学,确保合同内容的精准和清晰可读。
合同翻译看了这个之后做了多翻译都白翻了

合同翻译做了多年翻译都白翻了合同翻译做了这么久兼职翻译,尼玛终于找到教程了源自北外高翻一.hereby英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语;在条款中需要强调时也可用.语法:一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1:The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬.注释:1hereby: by reason of this 特此2covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同3completion of the Works: 工程的竣工4therein: in the Works在本工程中5the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价6such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which7under: in accordance with 根据,按照8the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例2:We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释:1hereby:特此2to the best of our knowledge:as far as we know据我们所知3foregoing statement:above-mentioned statement上述声明4herein:in this, in the statement在声明中5documentary proof:证明文件参考译文:特此证明,据我们所知,上述声明内容真实,正确无误,并提供了全部现有的资料和数据,我们同意,应贵方要求出具证明文件.例3:This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co. hereinafter referred to as Party A and Co. hereinafter referred to as Party B on Date, in Place, China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.注释:1hereby:特此2hereinafter referred to as Party A:以下称甲方3on the principle of equality and mutual benefit:在平等互利基础上4through amicable consultation:通过友好协商参考译文:本合同双方, 公司以下称甲方与公司以下称乙方,在平等互利基础上,通过友好协商,于年月日在中国地点,特签订本合同.例4:This agreement is hereby made and entered into on Date, by and between Co. China hereinafter referred to as Party A and Co. hereinafter referred to as Party B.注释:1this agreement is hereby made and entered into:特此订立本协议在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词:sign make, conclude or enter into this agreement, 按照同义词连用的写作特点,可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示.2hereinafter referred to as Party B:以下简称乙方参考译文:本协议特由中国公司以下简称甲方与公司以下简称乙方于年月日订立.二 hereof英文释义: of this中文译词:此点;在本文件中用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”时,使用该词.例如表示本合同条件、条款时,可以说“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”,这里hereof表示“of this Contract”;又如表示本工程的任何部分,可用“any parts hereof”,这里hereof表示“of this Works”.语法:一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻.hereof和thereof的区别:hereof强调“of this”.例如,上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract;“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works.例1Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays if required by the carrier, supply and take delivery of the goods. Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.注释:1 Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not:不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反,whether… or not:不论……是否2 the owner of the goods:货方3 without interruption:无间断地4 carrier:承运人5 in default on the provisions hereof:违反本款规定 hereof:of this Clause参考译文:不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反,货方都应昼夜地,包括星期日和假日如承运人需要,无间断地提供和提取货物.货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏,包括滞期应负担赔偿责任.例2Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.注释:1 foreign trade dealers:对外贸易经营者2 as mentioned in this Law:本法所称3 the provisions hereof:the provisions of this Law 本法规定4 legal entity:法人5 be engaged in foreign trade dealings:从事对外贸易经营活动参考译文:本法所称对外贸易经营者,是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织.例3The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this Law. A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares. Provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.注释:1a limited liability company:有限责任公司2a company limited by shares:股份有限公司3provisions hereof:本法规定 hereof: of this Law4may be registered as:登记为参考译文:设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司,必须符合本法规定的条件.符合本法规定的条件的,登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司;不符合本法规定的条件的,不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司.例4If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.注释:1 as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons:回避或者其它原因2 arbitrator:仲裁员3 the provisions hereof:the provisions of this Law 本法规定4 be selected or appointed:选定或指定参考译文:仲裁员因回避或者其它原因不能履行职责的,应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员.例5In the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration formulated and prepared prior to the effective date of this Law and the provisions of this Law, the provisions hereof shall prevail. 注释:1 conflict:相抵触2 prior to the effective date of this Law:本法施行前3 the provisions hereof shall prevail:以本法为准 hereof:of this Law参考译文:本法施行前制定的有关仲裁的规定与本法的规定相抵触的,以本法为准. 例6Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstances specified in Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law is /are confirmed, the organization with compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any of the circumstance in question.Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in Article 15 and Article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refuses to make the confirmation, the claimant shall have the right to lodge a complaint. Where the claimant claims compensation, the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures of compensation.注释:1 the organization with compensatory obligations:赔偿义务机关2 shall pay compensation:应当给予赔偿3 the claimant for compensation:赔偿请求人4 Article 15 and Article 16 hereof:本法第十五条、第十六条 hereof:of this Law5 shall have the right to lodge a complaint:有权申诉6 claims compensation:要求赔偿7 apply to/ in:适用 More Examples: The comment applies equally here. /That argument does not apply in this case. /That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about. /These remarks apply to every town in this kingdom. /The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 参考译文:赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定的情形之一的,应当给予赔偿.赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的,被要求的机关不予确认的,赔偿请求人有权申诉.赔偿请求人要求赔偿,应当先向赔偿义务机关提出.赔偿程序适用本法第十条、第十一条、第十二条的规定.例7If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item 4, Article 34 of this Law, and if it is serious, or those specified in Item 6, Article 58 hereof, the arbitrator in question shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility. The arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.注释:1 arbitrator:仲裁员2 Article 58 hereof:本法第五十八条 hereof:of this Law3 bear the legal liability and responsibility:承担法律责任4 the arbitration commission:仲裁委员会5 remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators:将其除名参考译文:仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形,情节严重的,或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的,应当依法承担法律责任,仲裁委员会应当将其除名.例8If, pursuant to this Law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the company registration authorities fail to register a company whoseapplication meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative suit.注释:1 the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals:履行审批职责的有关主管部门2 meets the requirements and provisions hereof:符合本法条件3 the company registration authorities:负责公司登记的主管部门4 the requirements hereof:本法条件 hereof: of this Law5 apply for reconsideration:申请复议6 bring an administrative suit:提起行政诉讼参考译文:依照本法,履行审批职责的有关主管部门,对符合本法条件的申请不予批准,或负责公司登记的主管部门不予登记,当事人可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼.例9This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies limited by shares.注释:1 the crimes committed:犯罪行为2 against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof:犯有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定 hereof: of this Decision参考译文:有限责任公司、股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定的犯罪行为的,适用本决定.例10Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall, in accordance with Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares” issue d by the relevant responsible department of the State Council, continue to exist.Those companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this Law shall, within the specified time limit, meet the requirements hereof. Specific methods for implementation of this Law will be set out in separate regulations issued by the State Council.注释:1 companies registered:已登记成立的公司2 the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies”:有限责任公司规范意见3 the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares”:股份有限公司规范意见4 the relevant responsible department of the StateCouncil国务院有关主管部门5 in separate regulations issued by the State Council:由国务院另行规定参考译文:本法施行前已登记成立的公司,应依照法律、行政法规、地方性法规和国务院有关主管部门制定的有限责任公司规范意见,和股份有限公司规范意见,继续保留.其中不完全具备本法规定的条件的,应当在规定的期限内达到本法规定的条件.具体实施办法,由国务院另行规定.例11Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to acts of such business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.注释:1 unfair competition:不正当竞争2 business operators:经营者3 contravene the provisions hereof:违反本法规定 the provisions hereof:本法规定 hereof:of this Law4 the lawful rights and interests:合法权益5 disturbing thesocio-economic order:扰乱社会经济秩序参考译文:本法所称的不正当竞争,是指经营者违反本法规定,损害其他经营者的合法权益,扰乱社会经济秩序的行为.三 hereto英文释义: to this中文译词:至此,在此上.用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”时,使用该词.例如表示“本合同双方”,可以说“the Parties hereto”,这里hereto表示“to this Contract”;表示“本协议附件4”,可用“Appendix 4 hereto”,这里hereto表示“to this Agreement”.语法:一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻.hereto和thereto的区别:同前面所言hereof和thereof的区别类似,hereto强调的是“to this”.例1All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto. Should, through negotiations, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.注释:1 the performance of this Contract:履行本合同2 through amicable negotiations:友好协商3 the Parties hereto:the Parties to this Contract本合同双方4 shall then be submitted for arbitration:提交进行仲裁5 the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing:中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会北京6 the arbitration rules of this Commission:其仲裁规则7 the award of the arbitration:仲裁裁决8 unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission:仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外参考译文:对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议,本合同双方应友好协商解决,如协商无法解决争议,则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会北京,依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁.仲裁裁决是终局性的,对双方都有约束力.仲裁费用应由败诉方承担,但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外.例2“Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the patent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto.注释:1 patented technology:专利技术2 patent:专利3 application for the patent:专利申请4 may have the right to control:可能有权控制的5 permitted to be transferred in any or all countries of the world:在世界任何国家许可转让6 Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto:本合同双方规定的本合同产品 hereto: to this Contract参考译文:“专利技术”,系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的,或乙方有权或可能有权控制的,或在本合同有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的,适用于或可能适用制造本合同双方规定的本合同产品的专利和专利申请.例3“Technical Documents” m eans the data and the information specified in Appendix 1 hereto, such as engineering, manufacturing and original information relating to the manufacture and maintenance of the Contract Products, including drawings, blueprints, design sheets, material specifications, photographs, photostats and general data, and design and their specifications relating to manufacturing euipment, tools and facilities. Provided that the above-mentioned information shall be such information asis only available to Party B and applicable to the business operation of Party A under this Contract.注释:1 technical documents:技术资料2 the data and the information:资料3 engineering:工程4 manufacturing:制造5 original information:原始资料6 blueprint:蓝本7 design sheets:设计图表8 material specifications:材料规格9 photostats:影印资料10 general data:一般资料11 design and their specifications relating to manufacturing euipment, tools and facilities:与制造设备、工具和装置有关的设计及其说明书参考译文:“技术资料”系指列于附件1与制造和维修合同产品有关的工程、制造及原始资料,包括与制造设备、工具和装置有关的图纸、蓝本、设计图表、材料规格、照片、影印资料和一般资料、设计及其说明书等,但上述资料仅限于乙方拥有的资料和甲方用于本合同业务活动的资料.例4If Party B demands to audit the accounts of Party A, Party B shall, within 10 days after receiving the written notice issued by Party A under Sub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract, notify Party A of the mater in question. The specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts are detailed in Appendix 4 hereto.注释:1 audit the accounts of Party A:查核甲方的帐目2 Sub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract:本合同第3.4款3 the specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts:其具体的查帐内容和程序4 Appendix 4 hereto:本合同附件4 hereto:to this Contract参考译文:乙方如需查核甲方的帐目时,应在接到甲方依上述本合同第3.4款规定开出的书面通知后10天之内通知甲方,其具体的查帐内容和程序详见本合同附件4.例5The parties to this Agreement agree that either Party hereto shall, immediately and fully, notify the other Party hereto of any such matters comprising an improvement, modification, further invention or design as the Party in question may discover, make or developwith respect to manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof.The Party discovering, making or developing the subject matter in question may, at its own expense and its own name, file application for Letter Patent or take other necessary legal steps to protect the same, and any patent arising therefrom shall belong to the Party in question. The other Party may, during the effective period hereof, make use of, and sell products utilizing such improvement, modification, further invention or design whether patented orun-patented without charge and royalty fee in any manner consistent with this agreement.注释:1 either Party hereto:本协议各方不译成“one Party hereto.2 improvement, modification, further invention or design:改进、修正、更新本发明或设计3 discover, make or develop:开发4 manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof:生产及装配许可证产品或部件5 file application for Letter Patent:申请专利6 take other necessary legal steps to protect the same:其它必要的法律保护程序 the same: Letter Patent7 any patent arising therefrom:由此产生的专利8 consistent with this agreement:与本协议不相矛盾参考译文:本协议各方同意,一方对于有关生产及装配许可证产品或部件所做的改进、修正、更新发明或设计均应立即全部通知另一方.开发改进的一方可以自负费用并以自身名义申请专利或采取其它必要的法律保护程序,由此产生的专利将属于该方所有.在本协议的有效期内,另一方可以与本协议不相矛盾的方式无偿使用和销售利用改进、修正、更新本发明或设计无论其是否取得专利权生产的产品.例6The Parties to this Agreement agree that Y shall supply to FCAM certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products. The Technical Assistance Agreement to be concluded between FCAM and Y shall be deemed to be an attachment as Appendix 2 hereto hereinafter referred to as the “Technical Assistance Agreement”.注释:1 certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products:有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务2 the technical assistance agreement:技术服务协议3 Appendix 2 hereto:本协议附件2 hereto:to this Agreement参考译文:本协议双方同意Y将向FCAM提供有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务,FCAM 和Y将订立技术服务协议并作为本协议附件2以下称作“技术服务协议”.例7The Parties to this Agreement agree and ensure that FCAM will, to the maximum extent practicably possible, use the forms required by Y for such data on management and financial information as are given by FCAM to the Parties hereto, and that FCAM shall prepare and keep accounting and financial records and books available for inspection or audit by either Party hereto.注释:1 to the maximum extent practicably possible:尽实际可能最大限度地2 data on management and financial information:管理和财务信息材料3 prepare and keep accounting and financial records and books:建好会计和财务帐目4 available for inspection or audit by either Party hereto:以备本协议各方的检查或审计 either Party hereto:either Party to this Agreement本协议双方 inspection:检查 audit:审计参考译文:本协议双方同意保证FCAM将尽实际可能最大限度地使用Y所要求的表格式样,用于FCAM向协议各方提供管理和财务信息材料;并且FCAM应建好会计和财务帐目以备协议双方的检查或审计.例8The Parties to this Agreement agree that the Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto to administrate or manage FCAM shall be responsible for approving the overall business management plan of the company, and monitoring the execution of the plan in question. Provided that the business management plan in question shall be submitted to the Parties hereto for review and approval. 注释:1 Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto:本协议双方授权的董事会 hereto:to this Agreement2 to administrate or manage FCAM:管理FCAM administrate:行政管理 manage:业务管理3 the overall business management plan of the company:公司整体经营计划4 monitor the execution of the plan in question:监督该计划的执行5 review and approval:审阅和批准参考译文:本协议双方同意授权管理FCAM的董事会对公司整体经营计划的报批和监督执行负责.该经营计划需要提交协议双方审阅和批准.例9The Parties to this Agreement agree, and will cause FCAM to agree, that Y will sell to FCAM, and FCAM will buy from Y, all such specialized machinery and equipment as is determined through mutual consultation by and between Y and FCAM for the effective utilization of the technical know-how supplied by Y to FCAM under the Technical Assistance Agreement at such prices and on such terms and conditions as are determined by and between the Parties hereto.注释:1 specialized machinery and equipment:特定机器设备 equipment:单数形式设备2 determined through mutual consultation:协商决定3 the effective utilization of the technical know-how:有效使用技术诀窍4 terms and conditions:条件5 such… as:作关系代词,意为which, that参考译文:本协议双方同意并将使FCAM同意Y将向FCAM出售,FCAM从Y购买经过Y和FCAM协商决定的特定机器设备,以保证根据技术服务协议由Y向FCAM提供的技术诀窍得到有效使用,并以协议双方同意的价格和条件成交.例10The termination of this Contract shall not in any way affect the outstanding claims and liabilities existing between the Parties hereto upon the expiration of the validity of the Contract and the debtor shall continue to be kept liable for paying the outstanding debts to thecreditor.注释:1 the termination of this Contract:本合同期满2 outstanding claims and liabilities:未了债务3 debtor:债务人4 creditor:债权人参考译文:本合同期满时,双方之间发生的未了债务不受合同期满的影响,债务人应向债权人继续支付未了债务。
商务英语合同术语翻译技巧

商务英语合同术语翻译技巧1.熟悉合同类型:不同类型的合同有不同的术语和结构,比如销售合同、租赁合同、合作协议等。
译者需要熟悉不同类型的合同的特点,以便正确理解和翻译其中的术语。
2.细致入微的研究:在开始翻译前,译者应该仔细研究合同的背景信息,包括涉及的行业、法律法规以及当地文化背景等。
这对于理解合同的具体要求和上下文非常重要,以确保翻译的准确性和适用性。
3.考虑合同的目标读者:在翻译合同时,译者需要考虑合同的目标读者是谁。
如果合同是给非专业人士阅读的,那么术语应该更加简单和易懂。
如果目标读者是法律专业人员,那么可以使用更加专业的术语。
4.确保准确性和一致性:合同的准确性和一致性对于保护各方的权益非常重要。
翻译合同时,译者应该尽量保持与原文一致的用词和结构,以确保翻译的准确性和一致性。
5.注意法律条款:在翻译合同时,译者需要特别注意法律条款的翻译。
法律条款通常使用特定的术语和结构,对于翻译者来说是一项具有挑战性的任务。
译者需要确保法律条款的准确性和一致性,并在必要时寻求专业法律人士的帮助。
6.注意翻译的格式和布局:合同通常具有特定的格式和布局,包括标题、编号、条款和款项等。
译者需要注意这些细节,以确保翻译的格式和布局与原文一致。
7.避免过度翻译:有时候,直译合同中的术语可能导致理解上的困惑或表达上的冗长。
在这种情况下,译者可以适度调整语言,以便更好地传达原文的意思。
8.反复校对和审查:合同翻译是一项需要高度精确性的任务,因此译者应该进行反复的校对和审查,以确保翻译的准确性和一致性。
总的来说,商务英语合同术语的翻译是一项复杂而重要的任务。
译者需要具备良好的英语和法律知识,以及对不同类型合同的理解和研究。
通过细致入微的研究、考虑合同的目标读者、确保准确性和一致性、注意法律条款、处理好翻译的格式和布局、避免过度翻译以及反复校对和审查等技巧,译者可以提高翻译商务英语合同术语的质量。
英文合同 翻译

英文合同翻译
一、前言
英文合同翻译是在国际商务交流中非常重要的一项工作。
准确、清晰地翻译英
文合同能够避免产生误解和纠纷,保障合同双方的权益。
本文将介绍一些英文合同翻译的基本要求和注意事项。
二、基本要求
1. 准确性
英文合同翻译要求准确无误,不能有歧义。
翻译人员需要对合同内容进行全面、深入的理解,确保将原文的意思准确传达出来。
2. 文字流畅
翻译的英文合同应该通顺、流畅,符合英语表达习惯,读起来自然而舒适。
合
同中的句子结构要规范,使用正确的语法和词汇。
3. 文化适应性
英文合同翻译要考虑目标读者的文化背景和习惯,避免涉及到不合适或冒犯他
人的表达方式。
同时,也要注意在翻译过程中不要添加自己的主观评价或观点。
三、注意事项
1. 专业术语
英文合同中常涉及到一些特定的行业术语,翻译人员需要对相关领域有一定的
了解,确保准确理解并正确翻译这些术语。
2. 格式要求
在翻译英文合同时,需要注意保持原文的格式和排版,包括字体、字号、对齐
方式等。
这样能够更好地保留原文的清晰性和可读性。
3. 标点符号
标点符号在英文合同中起到非常重要的作用,它能够帮助读者更好地理解合同
的意思。
翻译人员需要正确使用标点符号,准确传达原文的语气和语义。
四、结语
英文合同翻译是一项复杂而重要的工作,要求翻译人员具备深厚的语言和专业知识。
准确、流畅、符合文化习惯的翻译能够帮助双方更好地理解和执行合同。
希望本文所提供的基本要求和注意事项能够对英文合同翻译工作有所帮助。
翻译稿件的流程和注意事项

翻译稿件的流程和注意事项导言翻译是将一种语言转化为另一种语言的过程,从而使得不同语言背景的人可以相互交流和理解。
在如今的全球化时代,翻译变得越来越重要,尤其是在跨国企业、国际组织和跨国合作中。
本文将介绍翻译稿件的流程和注意事项,帮助读者更好地理解翻译工作的要点。
翻译稿件的流程1. 理解稿件内容翻译的第一步是全面理解稿件的内容。
翻译人员应该仔细阅读稿件,确保他们对原文的意思有清晰的理解。
不仅要理解表面意思,还要理解原文作者的意图和背景信息。
这有助于翻译人员更好地传达原文的含义。
2. 分析目标读者在开始翻译之前,翻译人员需要确定目标读者。
不同的读者群体有不同的背景知识和语言水平,因此翻译人员需要将翻译风格、词汇选择和表达方式调整到最适合目标读者的水平。
3. 研究专业术语一些稿件可能包含特定领域的专业术语。
翻译人员应该对这些术语进行详细研究,以确保他们正确地翻译和使用这些术语。
这可以通过查阅相关的专业词典、文献和互联网资源来完成。
4. 翻译文本一旦翻译人员具备了稿件相关的背景知识和术语,他们就可以开始翻译文本了。
在翻译的过程中,翻译人员应该保持忠实于原文的内容,并尽量保持语言的流畅和自然。
他们还应该注意语法和标点符号的正确使用。
5. 校对和修改当翻译人员完成翻译之后,他们需要进行校对和修改工作。
这包括检查语法、拼写和标点符号错误,以及确保翻译的准确性和一致性。
校对和修改可以由其他翻译人员或专业编辑进行,以确保最终的翻译稿质量。
6. 格式调整最后一步是将翻译稿件的格式调整到符合目标读者的要求。
这包括排版、字体、段落间距等方面的调整,以使翻译稿件看起来更专业和易读。
翻译稿件的注意事项1. 保护原文意图翻译人员应该尽可能地保护原文的意图和风格。
虽然在翻译的过程中可能需要进行一些调整和修改,但是翻译人员应该力求忠实于原文的意思和表达方式。
这有助于确保翻译稿件的准确性和可靠性。
2. 避免直译直译是指将原文中的词语和句子逐字逐句地翻译成目标语言。
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合同翻译的第一步------ 读懂合同文件傅伟良摘要:随着我国加入世贸组织,对法律文件翻译的研究,比如经济法规、合同文件的翻译研究,将成为我们翻译工作者的一个重要课题。
本文在总结以往的经验基础上,探讨了合同翻译,分析法律文件中英语语言特点,提出了合同等法律文件翻译的技巧之一,即:合同翻译的第一部————读懂合同文件。
关键词:法律文件;专业词汇;句子结构Abstract: After China’s entry into WTO, the study of tr anslation of legal documents, such as the translation of economic laws, regulations and rules, and contract documents, will surely become a important research topic for translators. This article discusses sufficiently, on the basis of past experience, some language characteristics in the translation of legal documents, which shall be paid attention to. The article also provides detailed comments on the different English versions of translating the Contract Law to show some practical skills of translation of legal documents.Key words: legal documents; legal terminology; language structure;随着我国改革开放的进一步深化,世贸会组织的加入,经济领域的国际交往日趋频繁,经济合作更加密切,国际间的一切经济活动,如贸易、金融、投资、经济合作等都离不开互相制约的合同。
合同文件的翻译已成为急待研究的课题。
由于合同文件的翻译直接关系到合同双方的经济利益,因此译文必须精确、无误,这就需要充分理解原文的内在含义,译入语句构严谨无懈、无漏,遣词准确、鲜明、专业词汇娴熟,使译文具有专业化、法律化的水准。
动手翻译前要读懂原文, 这原本是任何译者都需要首先做到的,但在翻译合同时尤其要强调这一点,为什么?因为这是做好合同翻译的首要条件,合同语言不象文学语言那么有丰富的趣味性,看上隐了,不忍撒手,能让你读下去;也不象译散文那么“短、平、快”。
有速战速决,优美而感人。
看合同文件是件十分枯燥、乏味的事,句子又长、术语也多,理解上又颇费功夫,许多人往往看不到一半就撒手不管了,或者望而却步,不敢尝试,或者草草看过,按照自己的理解应付了事。
因此,要读懂合同原文,对提高合同的翻译水平,如何强调都不过份。
笔者认为要读懂原文需注意下面几个问题:一.理解法律文件中的专门用语英语中某些副词如“here”及“where”在法律文件中往往当作前缀,与另一个词构成法律词汇中的专门用语。
在法律文件中用这些词,可以避免重复,避免误解,避免歧义,使行文准确、简洁。
以这种方法构成的词主要有:hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, hereto hereunder, hereupon, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter;thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith;whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon, etc。
这些词各有各的含义,笔者只能捡其中几个细说:比如:1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this 之意,即特此,因此,兹等意。
常用于法律文件、合同协议的正式文件的开头语,在条款中需要强调时也可用。
举原文说明,如:The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.文中:★hereby 意为by reason of this,特此的意思。
★Covenants 是动词,意为make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同。
★ completion of the Works 是工程的竣工,Works与Work 在工程承包合同文件中常指工程而不是工作之意。
★ therein意为in the Works在本工程中。
★the Contract Price指合同总价,指工程的总造价。
★such…as是关系代词,相当于that, which,把要限定的词置于such 与as之间使要限定的名词十分明确,避免合同双方在理解上发生争议。
★ under 意为in accordance with 根据,按照之意,决不能译成“在…….之下”。
★ the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the contract 合同条件、条款之意。
在对文中专业性词汇作了解释之后,就不难理解这一段的含义了,也就是读懂了。
于是可以把原文译为:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同总价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。
2.Hereto: to this,上文已提及的,比如表示“本合同双方”可以说“the Parties hereto”,这里的hereto表示“to this Contract” “本协议附件4”可以译为“Appendix 4 hereto”,这里的hereto表示“to this Agreement”。
读下面的原文,可以进一步理解hereto 在文中的作用。
All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto. Should, through negotiation, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this commission shall be applied. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.文中:★两次出现的hereto, 都是限定Parties, 表示the Parties to this Contract 本合同的双方。
★“the performance of this Contract”履行本合同。
★“through amicable negotiations” 通过友好协商。
★should 表示如果发生什么情况,代替省掉的if。
★“shall then be submitted for arbitration”应提交进行仲裁。
★“the Chinese International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing” 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(北京)。
★“the arbitration rules of this Commission” 仲裁规则。
★“the award of the arbitration: 仲裁裁决。
★“unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission”仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
这样,扫除了上述专业词汇的障碍,可把原文译为:对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议,本合同双方应友好协商解决,如协商无法解决争议,则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(北京),依据仲裁规则仲裁。
仲裁裁决是终局性的,对双方都有约束力。
仲裁费用应由败诉方承担,但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
3.Herein: in this 此中,于此。
表示上文已提及的….,如遇到“本合同(中)的….”,“本法(中)的……”等行文时,用该词。
比如,“本法(中)所称的不正当竞争,….”可以译为“unfair competition mentioned herein….此中的herein 意为“in this law”又如“本协议(中)的内容”,可译为“the contents herein”,此中的herein 意为“ in this Agreement”.看下面两段文字,可以加深领会herein及其它几个专门用语。
Unfair competition mentioned in this law refers to such acts of business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons, other economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services (hereinafter called Goods including services).注:上文中出现了3个法律文件中的专门用语:hereof: of this 关于此点。