英美文学常识(戏剧)Drama
英美文学名词解释
’s thoughts and feelings. The main purpose3. Heroic couplet: Couplet means two lines of verse with similar end-rhymes. In English literature, heroic couplet specifically refers to poetic lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in pairs.4. Iambic Pentameter：A poetic line consisting of five verse feet, which each foot an iamb__ that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry.5. Blank verse: It is poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. Blank verse sounds much like ordinary spoken English. It is often used in drama and in poetry. Milton forged it anew for the epic in Paradise Lost (1667).6. Elegy: Greek for "lament": a poem on death or on a serious loss; characteristicallya sustained meditation expressing sorrow and, frequently, an explicit or implied consolation7. Paradox: An apparently untrue or self-contradictory statement or circumstance that proves true upon reflection or when examined in another light. Such as sweet pain/no light but rather darkness visible.8. Ode：A long, stately lyric poem in stanzas of varied metrical pattern, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or commemorate an event. Two famous odes are Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “Ode to the West wind”and John Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.”9. Conceit: Any fanciful, ingenious/elaborate expression or idea, especially one in the form of an extended metaphor.10. Alliteration: The repetition of the beginning accented syllables near to each other with the same consonantal sound, as in many idiomatic phrases: “safe and sound”; “thick and thin”;11. Dramatic Monologue：A monologue in verse. A speaker addresses a silent listener, revealing, in dramatic irony, things about himself or herself of which the speaker is unaware.12. Epic: A long narrative poem, typically a recounting of history or legend or of the deeds of a national hero and of reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. Later on this literary genre was written down by the poets, such as Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained. Two of the greatest epics are Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. While in British literary history, the national epic is Beowulf.13. Personification：humans.scheme is usually abbaabba, cde cde. The two parts of the Italian sonnet play off each other in a variety of ways. Sometimes the octave raises a question that the sestet answers. Sometimes the sestet opposes what the octave says, or extends it. The Italian sonnet is often called the Petrarchan sonnet, because the Italian poet Francesco Petrarch used it so extensively. He dedicated more than three hundred sonnets to a woman named Laura.15. Satire: A kind of writing holds up to ridicule or contempt the weaknesses and wrongdoings of individuals, groups, institutions, or humanity in general. The aim of satirists is to set a moral standard for society, and they attempt to persuade the reader to see their point of view through the force of laughter. The most famous satirical work in English literature is Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.16. Renaissance; It is a cultural movement of the rising bourgeoisie. The key word for it is humanism, which emphasizes the belief in human beings, his environment and doings and his brave fight for the emancipation of man from the tyranny of the church and religious dogmas. It originally indicates a revival of classical arts and learning after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. Its aim is to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval time and introduce new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. Shakespeare, Spenser, and Marlowe are all famous literary figures in this period.17. Humanism: Humanism refers to the main literary trend and is the keynote of English Renaissance. Humanists took interest in human life and human activities and gave expression to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty, human achievement.18. Metaphysical Poetry: The poetry of John Donne and other seventeenth-century poets who wrote in a similar style. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas.19. Enlightenment: Enlightenment is a progressive intellectual movement, which swept over England and other lands in Western Europe in the 18th century. It’s purpose is to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas with the use of reason.? Enlightenment freed and reformed the thinking of man. Enlighteners strove to clear away the feudal remnants and replace them by bourgeois ideologue.20. Neo-classicism: It is a revival of literature in the late 17C and 18th centuries,carried out at one place in no more than 24 hours.。
高中英语 中英对照英美文学知识素材-人教版高中全册英语素材
Alexander’s Feast《亚历山大的宴会》;
Absalom and Achitophel《押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔》;
The Indian Queen;The Indian Emperor;The Conquest of Granada《格兰纳达的征服》;Tyrannick Love;All for Love;
12. Jonathan Swift
(乔纳森•斯威夫特)
A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》;Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World by Lemuel Gulliver《格里佛游记》;A Tale of a Tub《桶的故事》
传奇剧
Pericles《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》;Cymbeline《辛白林》;The Winter’s Tale;Tempest《暴风雨》
8. Ben Jonson (本•琼森)
edy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);
Every Man In His Humor《人性互异》
9. John Donne (约翰•多恩)
Metaphysical Poems (“玄学派〞诗歌创始人);
Songs and Sonnets《歌曲与十四行诗》
10. George Herbert (乔治•赫伯特)
the saint of the Metaphysical school (“玄学派诗圣〞);
The Temple《神殿》
11. Andrew Marwell (安德鲁•马韦尔)
5. Sir Thomas Malory (托马斯•马洛礼)
Le Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
英美戏剧教学大纲
《英美戏剧》课程教学大纲课程代码：070142041课程英文名称：British and American Drama课程总学时：16 讲课：16 实验：0 上机：0适用专业：英语大纲编写（修订）时间：2017. 10一、大纲使用说明（一）课程的地位及教学目标《英美戏剧》是一门英语专业文学方向限选课程。
对于英语专业学生来说，学习戏剧是英语专业学生提高英语水平、提高人文素养以及丰富自己的语言和思想的重要手段。
本课程以戏剧体裁的特征、要素、种类和风格为基本知识，精选英美主要剧作家的代表作品，通过指导性的阅读、讨论、看录像甚至自己演出，来培养学生理解、赏析和批评英美戏剧作品的基本能力和必要技巧。
（二）知识、能力及技能方面的基本要求1. 基本戏剧阅读能力：使学生初步了解英、美戏剧的特点、常见修辞手法，英语戏剧的基本要素、相关知识；2. 初步鉴赏能力：能读懂难度适中的英文戏剧，理解字面意思，并能指出主题、表现形式等，帮助学生进一步感受戏剧中的象征、意象等，挖掘戏剧内涵，领会作者的写作风格。
3. 书面表达能力：能就一般或专业性主题撰写简单戏剧评论，流利自如地表达个人观点，做到文章选题合理、结构清晰、内容丰富、逻辑性强。
4. 表演能力：能改编、组织并正式演出所学英语戏剧。
（三）实施说明授课采用自主式学习和合作式学习相结合的方式，课堂分主题、实战、技能三大板块。
创建多维资源，培养学生自学能力，以多种方式进行评估，全面增强学生能力。
（四）对先修课的要求具备相当的口语表达能力与写作技能。
（五）对习题课的要求提供学生经典英美戏剧资料，推荐相关书籍，教师结合学生的自我评价和同伴互评进行讲评。
（六）课程考核方式1. 考核方式：考查。
2. 考核目标：通过实战考查学生对戏剧的理解和表演技巧的把握、心理素质以及应变能力。
3. 成绩构成：最终考试成绩由平时成绩占30%（包括出勤、作业、提问等）及平时多次考核的平均成绩占70%组成。
(完整版)英美文学名词解释最全版
01. Humanism(人文主义)1>Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.02. Renaissance(文艺复兴)1>The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist.03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)1>Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life.04. Classicism(古典主义)Classicism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动)1>Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in France and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan Swift. etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)1>In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.2>this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.3> they believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.07. The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)1>The Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life. Past and present ,with death and graveyard as themes.2>Thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy written in a country churchyard is its most representative work.08. Romanticism(浪漫主义)1>In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to England.2>It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.3>In the history of literature. Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience. 4> The English romantic period is an age of poetry which prevailed in England from 1798 to 1837. The major romantic poets include Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley.09. Byronic Hero(拜伦式英雄)1>Byronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2> with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3> Byron’s chief contribution to English literature is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”10. Critical Realism(批判现实主义)1>Critical Realism is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.2> It means the tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism of society and the examination of social issues.3> Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.4> Charles Dickens is the most important critical realist.11. Aestheticism（美学主义）1>The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement--- “art for art’s sake” was set forth by a French poet, Theophile Gautier, the first Englishman who wrote about the theory of aestheticism was Walter Pater.2> aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life.3> According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.4> This is one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake.美学运动的基本原则”为艺术而艺术”最初由法国诗人西奥费尔.高缔尔提出,英国运用该美学理论的第一人是沃尔特.佩特.美学主义崇尚艺术高于生活,认为生活应模仿艺术,而不是艺术模仿生活.在美学主义看来,所有的艺术创作都是绝对主观而非客观的产物.艺术不应受任何功利的影响,只有当艺术为艺术而创作时,艺术才能成为不朽之作.他们还认为艺术不应只关注一些热点话题如政治和道德问题,艺术应着力于以华丽的风格张扬美.这是对维多利亚工业发展时期物质崇拜的一种回应,也是向艺术为道德或为金钱而服务的维多利亚传统的挑战.12.The Victorian period(维多利亚时期)1>In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.2> although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.3>their truthful picture of people’s life and bitter and strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.4> Charles Dickens is the leading figure of the Victorian period.13. Modernism(现代主义)1>Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement , which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical case.3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry, fiction, drama, painting, music and architecture.4> in England from early in the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s, in America from shortly before the first world war and on during the inter-war period, modernist tendencies were at their most active and fruitful.5>as far as literature is concerned, Modernism reveals a breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions. fresh ways of looki ng at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style. It is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.14. Stream of consciousness(意识流)(or interior monologue)In literary criticism, Stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes. Stream of consciousness writing is strongly associated with the modernist movement. Its introduction in the literary context, transferred from psychology, is attributed to May Sinclair. Stream of consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow, tracing as they do a character’s fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings. Famous writers to employ this technique in the English language include James Joyce and William Faulkner.学术界认为意识流是一种通过直接描述人物思维过程来寻求个人视角的文学写作技巧。
英美文学常识(戏剧)Drama
stage right
downstage
stage left
Setting the Stage
Scene design transforms a bare stage into the world of the play. Scene design consists of
• sets • lighting
Props (short for properties) are items that the characters carry or handle onstage.
• The person in charge of props must make sure that the right props are available to the actors at the right moments.
Drama
What Is Drama?
What makes Drama different from other forms of literature (fiction, poetry)? Name some of the differences by providing particular aspects about drama. For example: Actors, audience, stage, setting, lighting, music…
Practice II
ALPHABET Conversation Have a conversation where each sentence begins with the next letter of the alphabet. Here is an example: A: Anyone seen my cat? B: Black one, with funny eyes? A: Can't say I remember. B: Don't tell me you've forgotten what it looks like? A: Every cat looks the same to me. B: Fortunately, I found one yesterday A: Gee, that's great!
英美文学史复习笔记5篇
英美文学史复习笔记5篇第一篇：英美文学史复习笔记英美文学复习时期划分——Early & Medieval literature 包括The Anglo-Saxon Period 和The Anglo-Norman Period ——Renaissance 文艺复兴——Revolution & Restoration 资产阶级革命与王权复辟——Enlightenment 启蒙运动——Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期——Critical Realism 批判现实主义——20th Modernism 现代主义传统诗歌主题：nature, life, death, belief, time, youth, beauty, love, feelings of different kinds, reason(wisdom), moral lesson, morality.修辞名称：meter格律, rhyme韵, sound assonance谐音, consonance和音, alliteration头韵, form of poetry诗歌形式, allusion典故, foot音步, iamb抑扬格, trochee扬抑格, anapest抑抑扬格, dactyl扬抑抑格, pentameter五音步文学体裁：诗歌poem,小说novel,戏剧novel起源：Christianity 基督教Bible圣经myth神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、1、The Anglo-Saxon period(496-1066)这个时期的文学作品分类：（pagan异教徒）（Christian基督徒）2、代表作：The song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》(national epic)（民族史诗）采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved.To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period(1066-1350)Canto 诗章受到法国影响English literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.1、romance传奇文学 Arthurian romances亚瑟王传奇2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(高文爵士和绿衣骑士)是一首押头韵的长诗 knighthood 骑士精神三、Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里。
英美文学术语
英美文学术语1.Allegory (寓言)A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.A story suggests another story. An allegory is present in literature whenever it is clear that the author is saying, "By this I also mean that." In practice, allegory appears when a progression of events or images suggests a translation of them into conceptual language. Allegory is thus a technique of aligning imaginative constructs, mythological or poetic, with conceptual or moral models. During the Romantic era a distinction arose between allegory and symbol. With Coleridge, symbol took precedence: "an allegory is but a translation of abstract notions into picture-language," but "a symbol always partakes of the reality which it makes intelligible."寓言，讽喻：一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或支配力。
英美文学中的戏剧drama
Origins
• Greek tragedy • Greek comedy • Medieval drama
Division
• Full length plays (acts, scenes) • One-act plays
Staging
• All visual details and physical objects of play • (scenic background, props, lighting, sound, costumes, nonverbal gestures, movements of actors)
Susan Glaspell: Trifles
• Susan Glaspell 1882-1948 • Trifles (1916) Feminist play
Drama
Drama
• • • • • • • Drama Origins Division Staging Types Modern drama Susan Glaspell: Trifles
Definition
• A composition in prose or verse presenting in dialogue or pantomime a story involving conflict or contrast of character, especially one intended to be acted on the stage (soliloquy, aside)
Types
• Tragedy: portray a conflict between human beings and some superior, overwhelming force) • Comedy: a lighter form of drama primarily aiming to amuse, in which both wit and humor are utilized • Tragi-comedies: appear to be tragedies but end happily like comedies
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Resolution conflict is resolved; play ends
Possible Forms of Conflicts
A wrong to be righted A misunderstanding to be cleared up A problem to be solved A moral dilemma to be resolved An enemy to be overcome A woman to be won…
Tragedy
A tragedy is a play that ends unhappily. • Most classic Greek tragedies deal with serious, universal themes such as right and wrong justice and injustice life and death • Tragedies pit human limitations against the larger forces of destiny.
The Audience
Finally, a play needs an audience to experience the performance
understand the story
respond to the characters
Practice I
Act according to the situation Shopping Driving Dining Taking a test Waiting Watching a film
Tragedy
The protagonist of most classical tragedies is a tragic hero. This hero
• is noble and in many ways admirable
• has a tragic flaw, a personal failing that leads to a tragic end
Climax point of highest tension; action determines how the conflict will be resolved
Complications tension builds
Exposition characters and conflict are introduced
The audience responds to the play and shares the experience.
Performance of a Play
Theater artists include
Actors Directors Lighting technicians Stage crew
A drama is a story enacted onstage for a live audience.
Dramatic Structure
Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves characters who face a problem or conflict.
The Characters
The characters’ speech may take any of the following forms.
Dialogue: conversations of characters onstage
Monologue: long speech given by one character to others Soliloquy: speech by a character alone onstage to himself or herself or to the audience Asides: remarks made to the audience or to one character; the other characters onstage do not hear an aside
Setting the Stage
Proscenium stage • The playing area extends behind an opening called a “proscenium arch.” • The audience sits on one side looking into the action.
upstage
stage right
downstage
stage left
Setting the Stage
Scene design transforms a bare stage into the world of the play. Scene design consists of
• sets • lighting
• costumes • props
Setting the Stage
A stage’s set might be
realistic and detailed abstract and minimal
Sting director skillfully uses light to change the mood and appearance of the set.
Props (short for properties) are items that the characters carry or handle onstage.
• The person in charge of props must make sure that the right props are available to the actors at the right moments.
Comedy
The main characters in a comedy could be anyone:
nobility
townspeople
pets
Modern Drama
A modern play • may be tragedy, comedy, or a mixture of the two • usually focuses on personal issues
arrogance rebelliousness
greed
jealousy
Comedy
A comedy is a play that ends happily. The plot usually centers on a romantic conflict.
boy meets girl boy loses girl boy wins girl
• usually is about ordinary people
Performance of a Play
When you read a play, remember that it is meant to be performed for an audience.
Stage Directions Playwright describes setting and characters’ actions and manner.
Practice II
ALPHABET Conversation Have a conversation where each sentence begins with the next letter of the alphabet. Here is an example: A: Anyone seen my cat? B: Black one, with funny eyes? A: Can't say I remember. B: Don't tell me you've forgotten what it looks like? A: Every cat looks the same to me. B: Fortunately, I found one yesterday A: Gee, that's great!
Drama
What Is Drama?
What makes Drama different from other forms of literature (fiction, poetry)? Name some of the differences by providing particular aspects about drama. For example: Actors, audience, stage, setting, lighting, music…
Performance
Theater artists bring the playwright’s vision to life on the stage.
[Wyona is sitting on the couch. She sees Paul and jumps to her feet.] Wyona. [Angrily.] What do you want?
Setting the Stage
The costume director works with the director to design the actors’ costumes. • Like sets, costumes can be
detailed
minimal
Setting the Stage