浅析明清翻译高潮出现的原因

陈墨08级3班0801010301Course: The History of TranslationInstructor:潘旭州Date: 22/06/2010Analysis of the reasons why there existeda translation climax during late Qing dynastyAbstract: Many translation works are charged to be unfaithful in modern translation climax, especially in the late Qing dynasty from 1840 to 1911.They arelack of background of western language culture, which lead to themistranslation in the translation climax during late Qing dynasty. In orderto seize a better understanding of the translation climax during late Qingdynasty, I will talk about it from social cultural background and analysis itsreasons, processes and characters.Key words: translation, climax during late Qing dynasty,The school of Westernization MovementThe school of Constitutional Reform and ModernizationBrief Introduction:The disadvantages of study of the reasons why there existed a translation climaxduring late Qing dynastyⅠ.The reason of introduction of western learning in the late 20th centuryⅰ.The internal reason of the translation climax during late Qing dynastyⅱ.The external reason of the translation climax during late Qing dynastyⅡ. The school of Westernization Movement and the school of Constitutional Reform and Modernization promoted the translation climax during late Qing dynasty.ⅰ.The school of Westernization Movement promoted the translation climax during late Qing dynastyⅱ.The school of Constitutional Reform and Modernization promoted the translation climax during late Qing dynasty.Ⅲ.The characters of the translation climax during late Qing dynasty.ⅰ.The ways of translation were special, especially in the beginning period----foreigners interoperated the works and Chinese took records.ⅱ.The change of works typesⅲ. The strategies of translation changed a lot.Analysis of the reason why there existeda translation climax during late Qing dynastyFor a long time, the study of translation has followed the严复’s “信，达，雅”, which focuses on the analysis of language and text control, rarely involves the problems of translation activities in the culture of target language. So many translation works are charged to be unfaithful in modern translation climax, especially in the late Qing dynasty from 1840 to 1911.They are lack of background of western language culture,which lead to the mistranslation in the translation climax during late Qing dynasty when thousands of famous western works being translated into Chinese, mainly in the areas of economy, technology, political, philosophy, history, literature, and influence modern China society deeply and widely. This kind of action, which judge a work whether faithful or not just according to if it is faithful to its original on the literal level, is unfair。

We cannot ignore the culture request and background. In order to seize a better understanding of the translation climax during late Qing dynasty, I will talk about it from social cultural background and analysis its reasons, processes and characters.Ⅰ.The reason of introduction of western learning in the late 20th centuryFrom the 18th century, Qing government secluded the country from the outside world, so the international communication was limited greatly. After nearly 200 years separation from the outside world, China was forced to open its gate to western countries. Many Chinese scholars thought of the situation China was in, and decided to safe China through learning advanced western countries. The first thing to do is to learn their language.ⅰ.The internal reason of the translation climax during late Qing dynastyFirst, a large amount of translators and interpolators were needed in the increasing foreign affairs during that period .In 1861,Qing government set up a special agency named 总理衙门, which was aiming to deal with foreign affairs and to train professional translators and interpreters. In 1862, 奕 a greed to set up 京师同文馆in Beijing, considering the Language barrier between China and foreign countries. This agency also paid much attention on training translators, interpreters and diplomats, and it was a branch of总理衙门.Secondly, in the economy aspect, Capitalism had developed in Chain in some degree, there existed some potential readers of western works. Publishing had become a industry, and translator and interpreter had become special jobs. All above reasons promoted the appearance of the translation climax during late Qing dynasty.ⅱ.The external reason of the translation climax during late Qing dynastyThe series of losing made some officers aware that western countries were beyondChina in both military and technology, so they began to try to find ways to save China: to learn military and technology from western countries. Through the efforts of these officers, Westernization Movement and Political Reform came into being. This the very beginning of learning from the western countries in modern China and the very beginning of translating western works into Chinese in modern China.Ⅱ. The school of Westernization Movement and the school of Constitutional Reform and Modernization promoted the translation climax during late Qing dynasty.ⅰ.The school of Westernization Movement promoted the translation climax during late Qing dynastyWesternization Movement was a movement rising by the school of Westernization Movement .They realized the importance of building schools to train translators and interpreters. 奕 said,“臣等伏思：欲悉各国情形，必先谙其言语文字，方不受人欺蒙。