(完整word版)simileandmetaphor(明喻和暗喻的区别及举例)
英语文章分析赏析
英语修辞手法分析大全一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though 等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
例如：1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
英语修辞手法
1.明喻(Simile)明喻(Simile)，是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
以两件基本上不相同的事物作比喻的修辞手段。
比喻的一种，明显地用另外的事物来比拟某事物，表示两者之间的相似关系。
常用“如”、“像”、“似”、“好像”、“像…似的”、“如同”、“好比”等比喻词。
通常有三部分构成：本体、喻体、比喻词例如：My heart is like a singing bird.（我的心像一只歌唱的小鸟。
）O my love's like a red, red rose,That's newly sprung in June;That's sweetly played in tune.2.隐喻，暗喻(Metaphor)隐喻也称暗喻，是用一个词来指代与该词本来所指事物有相似特点的另一个事物的方法。
隐喻是和明喻不同,不用like或as表示出来,而是进行隐藏的比较的这样一种修辞手段。
隐喻又称暗喻。
表达方法:A是B。
隐喻是一种比喻，用一种事物暗喻另一种事物。
隐喻是在彼类事物的暗示之下感知、体验、想象、理解、谈论此类事物的心理行为、语言行为和文化行为。
就本体和喻体的关系而言，隐喻比明喻更为紧密。
从语意的角度分析，隐喻比明喻深奥、更形象、更有喻示性和渗透力。
名词、动词、形容词和副词都可以有隐喻用法。
例如： 1.He is a pig.他简直是头猪。
（比喻：他是一个像猪一般的人，指肮脏，贪吃的人。
）2.She is a woman with a stony heart.她是一个铁石心肠的女人。
（比喻：这个女人冷酷无情。
）3.Mark Twain is a mirror of America.马克·吐温是美国的一面镜子。
（用镜子比喻美国的现实，很贴切。
）在一篇描绘中东市场的文章中，作者在描绘其中的铜器市场中燃烧着的木炭时这样写道: “the red of the live coals glowing，bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows”。
simile and metaphor
• 4) Branching metaphor
• The branching metaphor is popular with reporters and journalists, who often make the basic comparison the title of an article, as in: • Is Tsingtao winning the cold war? … Tsingtao has taken the offensive and invaded Russian vodka strongholds previously regarded as secure. Ad.in The New York Times Magazine Mar.23,1980
• 5) Mixed mataphors • Mixed metaphors can produce very amusing and illogical Imagery, and are to be strictly avoided. It is surprising, however, how easily sometimes they blunder into speech and writing. Students make this mistake, as in:
• As +adj.+ as + n. (the former “as” can be omitted): • (as) blind as a bat 目光如豆 • (as) cool as cucumber 泰然自若 • (as) cold as a marble 冷若冰霜 • (as) busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙 • (as) firm as a rock 坚如磐石 • (as) light as a rock 轻如鸿毛 • (as) mute as an oyster 噤若寒蝉 • (as) strong as a horse 健壮如牛 • Idioms: • Like a duck to water 如鱼得水 • Like a hen on a hot griddle 像热锅上的蚂蚁 • Like a cat in a hole 瓮中之鳖
(完整word)20种英语修辞手法整理
Figure of Speech【整理自PPT】1。
Simile 明喻❖是比喻的一种，是对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现,且常带有比喻词，如：❖ Like/ seem / be something of / as /resemble/ comparable to /similar to / akin to/ be analogous to❖My love is like a red， red rose。
(Robert Burns)2。
Metaphor 暗喻❖对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比；所不同的是在形式上,暗喻中本体和喻体之间多通过Be 动词来联系.省掉比喻词.❖明喻：Life is like an unexplored river， full of twists and turns, great beauty and dangerous surprises .❖暗喻： Life is an unexplored river, full of twists and turns， great beauty， and dangerous surprises。
3. Personification 拟人❖本质上是一种暗喻，其特点是赋予非人类范畴的东西一些人的特征.❖The forest held its breath, and the trees seemed to listern intently.❖The sun kissed the green fields。
The thirsty desert drank up the water。
4。
Metonymy 借代/换喻❖是通过借用与某种事物密切相关的东西来表示该事物。
例如用单词word 来表示话语或者消息news，用硬币penny来表示钱 money。
❖Word comes that the Chinese government will send a pair of giant pandas to the United States。
明喻和暗喻Simile & Metaphor
英音：['simili]美音：['sɪmə,lɪ]
definition
• 1.A simile is an expressed likeness • 2.the simplest and most direct way of connoting an idea with something else.
嗅老鼠一样闻出他的味道来。 嗅老鼠一样闻出他的味道来。
F .seem, resemble, treat, compare to, remind of, be similar to , so to speak/ as it were 等等
He treats his child as the apple in the eye.他把孩子当成
缩了的明喻).
Element
2. Structure of metaphor
Ontology (本体） 被比喻的事物或情境 Metaphors （喻体） 打比方的事物或情境 Pre-figurative word （喻词） 表示比喻关系的词语
3. Types of metaphor
1."noun" pattern名词型 A is B 名词型: 名词型 (1). Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 (2). Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance. 没有德行的美丽好比没有芬芳的玫。 (3). Some people think that marriage is a lottery. 有些人认为婚姻是缘分。 (4). He is the eyes and ears of the manager. 他是经理的耳目。 (5). Greece was the cradle of Western culture. 希腊是西方文化的发源地/摇篮。 (6). The old man's face is a map of time. 那老人脸就是岁月的写照。
英语修辞例子,定义
英语修辞手法（English rhetoric）1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality weassociate with one to the other 明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though 等For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. 隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象).拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
(完整word版)高级英语(1)修辞格汇总
一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻①...a memory that seemed phonographic②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”③Most American remember M. T. as the father of...④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her.（2）metaphor 暗喻①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,…②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. ③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A④the last this intermezzo came to an end…⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑪When railroads began drying up the demand...⑫...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑬Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑭Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑮The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑯Her voice was a whiplash.⑰and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑱But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.⑲I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑳I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.21The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.22I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.23We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻①In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes②The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's"（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head②The case had erupted round my head Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges ...③But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's（5）personification 拟人①…until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…②Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…③...to literature's enduring gratitude...④The grave world smiles as usual...⑤Bitterness fed on the man...⑥America laughed with him.⑦Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.④I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)（7）hyperbole 夸张①The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.②I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out.③If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.④I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. ⑤...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...⑥The cast of characters... - a cosmos.⑦America laughed with him.⑧The trial that rocked the world⑨His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " （9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate g uerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan②“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said, laughing .③… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry(顽固) are, and it is a mighty strong combination.②There is some doubt about that.③a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life④the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from "so simple" a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that adoor is a door and any damn fool knows that（12）ridicule（嘲笑）Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 愚弄有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情而说的话或做的事①Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted②Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.③Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.（13）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.②Benjamin Franklin: “If we don’t hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.” (Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776) 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。
(完整word版)高级英语修辞手法simile
1、生动形象的Simile （明喻）英语辞格simile （明喻）是一种最简单、最常用的修辞方法，也是运用最为广泛的一种修辞手段。
在文学作品中尤其如此。
《文学词汇词典》（A Dictionary of Literary Terms）对明喻是这样定义的：A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”.这个定义对明喻的界定既有权威性又有普遍性，许多论述英语修辞的书籍或文章在讲到明喻时，其叙述都没有超出这个概念。
根据定义，明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。
说得通俗点，也就是打比方，即把要描述的事物——本体（A）用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体（B）联系起来。
常用的比喻词有 as（如）， like（像）， seem（似乎）， as if （好像）， as though（好像）， such as（像……一样）等。
其基本格式是“A is like B”或“A is as…as B”。
Simile在英语中应用得很广泛，用以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，可收到生动形象，简单明了，新鲜有趣的修辞效果。
先看引自《大学英语·精读》（笔者按：系指董亚芬总主编的大学英语系列教材(College English)中的《精读（Intensive Reading 1-6册）》[修订本]，上海外语教育出版社，1997。
下同）中的几个例子。
The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. （Book 1, Unit 3）支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落在地板上。
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Simile明喻直喻：是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
My heart is like a singing bird.
As white as snow
.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
as cool as a cucumber 极为冷静的（像黄瓜一样冷静）
as easy as a pie 极容易（像馅饼一样容易）
as fussy as a hen with one chick 在小事上瞎操心
as hard as the nether millstone 铁石心肠(像下层的磨石坚硬）
as hungry as a hunter 非常饥饿（像猎人一样饥饿）
as lively as a cricket 极活泼（像蟋蟀一样活泼）
as mad as a wet hen 非常生气（像弄湿的母鸡一样生气）
as mild as a dove 非常温和（像鸽子一样温和）
as plain as the nose in your face 一清二楚（像你脸上的鼻子一样清楚）as poor as a church mouse 赤贫的（像教堂的老鼠一样穷）
as proud as a peacock 极骄傲（骄傲得像只孔雀）
as strong as a horse 健壮如牛
as stupid as an owl 极愚蠢（像猫头鹰一样愚蠢）
as thin as a wafer 极薄（像糯米纸一样薄）
as true as steel 绝对可靠（像钢一样可靠）
Metaphor 隐喻是和明喻不同,不用like或as表示出来,而是进行隐藏的比较的这样一种修辞手段。
隐喻又称暗喻。
表达方法:A是B。
喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
1.He is a pig.他简直是头猪。
（比喻：他是一个象猪一般的人，指肮脏，贪吃的人。
）
2.She is a woman with a stony heart.她是一个铁石心肠的女人。
（比喻：这个女人冷酷无情。
）
3.Mark Twain is a mirror of America.马克·吐温是美国的一面镜子。
（用镜子比喻美国的现实，很贴切。
）
The sunshine of life is made up of very little beams. 幸福的阳光由非常细小的光速构成。
All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women are merely players. Money is a bottomless sea, in which honour, conscience, and truth may be drowned.
I have got one of my Sahara thirsts on tonight.。