2010年湖南师范大学翻译硕士英语真题答案
2010考研英语真题答案(仅答案-完整)
2010年真题答案（多方答案不统一，仅参考）Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
2.B解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。
3.C解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。
所以这里应选择C。
4.B解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。
四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。
5.C解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。
四个选项中有描述含义的是C项accounts。
6.B解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。
Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。
7.D解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。
8.A解析：A项awareness 意思是“意识”，B项expectation意为“期望”，C项sentiment 意为“”观点，意见，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。
所以选A。
9.C解析：be enough to do sth, 足够做某事，符合上下文。
10.D解析：by oneself 表示“独自地”，这里的itself 代指an awareness of ...。
11.C解析：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语。
2010湖南师大英语专业考研 英语语言运用与思维真题
【2010英专英语语言运用与思维真题回忆】英语语言运用与思维第一改错第二阅读第一篇是John MasefieldBeverley Nichols1 A few weeks later I met Masefield himself. He had promised to read some of his poetry to a little literary society which we had gathered together, and we all assembled in my rooms to await his arrival. It was a bitterly cold night, with driving snow, land he lived some eight miles out of Oxford, in a region where there were neither taxis nor buses, so that he would have been perfectly justified in phoning us to say that he could not come.However, he turned up only a few minutes late, having bicycled all the way, in order not to disappoint us.2One never forgets Masefield's face. It is not the face of a young man, for it is lined and grave. And yet it is not the face of an old man, for youth is still in the bright eyes. Its dominant quality is humility.There were moments when he seemed almost to abase himself before his fellow-creatures. And this humility was echoed in everything he did or said, in the quiet, timid tone of his voice, in the way in which he always shrank from asserting himself.3This quality of his can best he illustrated by his behaviour that night. When the time came for him to read his poems, he would not stand up in any position of pre-eminence but sheltered himself behind the sofa, in the shade of an old lamp, and from there he delivered passages from The Everlasting Mercy, Dauber, The Tragedy of Nan, and Pompey the Great. He talked, too, melodiously, and with the ghost of a question mark after each of his sentences and though he were saying 'Is this right? Who am I to lay down the law?' And when it was all over, and we began to discuss what he had said, all talking at the top of our voices, very superficially, not doubt, but certainly with a great deal of enthusiasm, it was with a sudden shock that I realized that Masefield had retired into his shell, and was sitting on the floor, almost in the dark, reading a volume of poems by a young and quite unknown writer.4I saw a good deal of him after that. He lived in a little red house looking over the hills and valleys about eight miles out, and on fine days one could see from his window the grey spires and panes of Oxford glittering in the distance.5'Oxford is always different,' he said to me once. 'always I see her in a new mood of beauty from these hills.' We were looking down on the city from the distance and I too knew how he felt. Oxford from the hills is a dream eternally renewed. Under the rain, when only a few spires and towers rise above the driving sheets of grey, on an April morning, when the whole city is sparkling and dappled with yellow shadows, by moonlight when it is a fantastic vision of the Arabian Nights. 6Like many other literary geniuses, Masefield is clever with his hands. He will, with equal complacency, make a model of a ship or mend a garden gate. But since he was himself a sailor -- since he has himself known the sea in every mood of loveliness or of terror, it is only natural that, when he does model, he should turn, by instinct, to ships. He showed me, at his house, a most exquisite model in wood of an old sailing vessel of the eighteenth century. There was nothing of the dilettante about that work. Every spar, every rope, every mast, every tiny detail was there, modeled to scale. It would have satisfied the most ardent technician, and yet it had a grace and apoetry that only Masefield could have given it.7'You must keep this in a glass case,' I said to him. 'It's far to precious, too dainty, to knock about like the other things.'8He shook his head. "She's not going to stay here,' he said. 'I made her for a friend who has been very kind to me.'9That was like Masefield, I thought, to spend weeks and weeks of labour to please 'a friend who had been kind to him.然后上面这篇有有5个问题另外三篇是How to grow old，第二篇忘了，但也是关于老年的第三篇是If I were a boyagain综述三篇的大意150字，然后选其一根据你自身的感受写评论（300字）第三写作是英文作文12个可选题我只记得我选的了第四英翻中The delight of books另外文学的题目前面的基础题就不说了诗歌赏析是Christina Rossetti的The First Day戏剧节选是Tenassee Williams的 A Street Car Named Desire 评论BlancheSummary是Saki的The Open Window,后面还有三个问题中文作文是引用了梁实秋的一段话说有天才的作家，没有天才的批评家。
2010年湖南大学翻译硕士英语真题答案
2010年湖南大学翻译硕士英语真题答案Part IVocabulary and StructureSection A1. C 2009年英语专业四级真题为什么选attained,而不选achieved ?***Attain : 获得...职位.After working for the firm for ten years, he finally attained the rank of deputy director.为公司工作10年之后, 他终于获得了副局长的职位.1) Attain定义: To reach, achieve, or accomplish; gain; obtain.为了达到, 实现或完成任务; 增益; 获得.例: To attain a position of great influence.获得一个具有極大影響力的位置.2) Achieve定义: To get or attain by effort.要努力去获得或实现.例: You cannot achieve much without work.你若不努力, 不能有多少成就.2. AThis is no other than my old friend, John.这位不是别人，正是我的老朋友约翰。
3. B4. Dbetray the fact; uncover the truth揭露真相uncover hidden evildoer揪出暗藏的坏人5. D6. D7. D8. B9. C 10. B 11. A12. DThe passengers clustered together in small groups...乘客们三五成群聚在一起。
The children clustered around me.孩子们聚集在我的周围。
13. A 14. A15. D放弃（主张、要求、承诺等）；打退堂鼓If you back down, you withdraw a claim, demand, or commitment that you made earlier, because other people are strongly opposed to it.The United States had no intention of backing down in its bitter row over farm subsidies...美国无意就激烈争吵的农产品补贴问题做出让步。
翻译硕士英语2010答案
是蓝领工人 ,因 为这些行业 与经济运行的好坏最相关。D选 项正是此意。A,B,C 选项与此无关。 ” “.B 由本文最后一段最后一句话 ,“ But in the long血 n。 ¨psychdogically dyna血 ℃ ,可 知 从长期来看 ,这 种失业现象必然会导致政治上 ,经 济上和心理上的危 险。因此可推 测失业问题最终会导致严重的社会问题。B选 项正是此意。A,C,D选 项与此无关。 Passage Two es枷,Ds36Jo40仞 昭 Dc“ 〃 @刀 仂 纟roJJov枷 留 pJfscgB。 口刃 %.C 由文章第二段最后一句话 ,“ A homone。 ¨山ings hⅡ pen dsewhere。 ” ,可 知 ,荷 尔蒙 是 由一处组织产生而作用于另一处组织的化学组织。因此 ,C选 项正是此意 ,它 会 对身体的另一个部分产生影响。A,B,D选 项文中均未提及。 3T。 D 此题可用排除法。答案应定位在第 三段。A选 项 中提到的 scientists,function在 第 三 段中都从未出现过 ,所 以为无关选项 ,排 除。B选 项 中提到 frequentˇ ,而 分泌荷尔 蒙的频率在此段 中也未提到 ,排 除。C选 项 中的 aging process在 此段 中也没有出现 排除。因此 ,此 题应选 D选 项。 38.D 原文高亮处的意思是 :最 普遍的荷尔蒙的影响力是不显著的 ,但 是却很深远而且难 以追踪 :他 们可以改变情绪 ,影 响人类 的行为 ,甚 至会影响通常看来是 自发的那些 行为。A选 项将句意的重点放在了情绪和行为上 ,但 文中的句子的重点则是荷尔蒙 及其作用 ,因 此 A选 项错误。B选 项 中提到的科学家现在还不 肯定荷尔蒙的影响的 深远程度 ,属 于无关信息。C选 项 中的 urgent tre乱 ment属 于无关 信息。D选 项 的意 思是 :荷 尔蒙的影响难以衡量 ,但 是它可以影响人类的心理和行动。正确。 40
2010年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。
英语（一）即原统考“英语”。
英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
2010年湖南师范大学MTI翻译基础真题及出处
一、英译汉All through my boyhood and youth, I was known as an idler; and yet I was always busy on my own private end, which was to learn to write. I kept always two books in my pocket, one to read, one to write in. As I walked, m y mind was busy fitting what I saw with appropriate words; when I sat by the roadside, I would either read, or a pencil and a notebook would be in m y hand, to note down the features of the scene or write som e poor lines of verse. Thus I lived with words. And what I thus wrote was for no future use; it was written consciously for practice. It was not so much that I wished to be an author (though I wished that too) as that I had vowed that I would learn to write. That was a proficiency that tem pted m e; and I practiced to acquire it. Description was the principal field of m y exercise; for to any one with senses there is always som ething worth describing, and town and country are but one continuous subject. But I worked in ot her ways also; I often accom panied m y walks with dramatic dialogues, in which I played m any parts; and often exercised m yself in writing down conversations from memory.This was all excellent, no doubt. And yet this was not the m ost efficient part of m y training. Good as it was, it only taught m e the choice of the essential note and the right word. And regarded as training, it had one grave defect; for it set m e no standard of achievem ent. So there was perhaps more profit，as there was certainly more effort，in my secret labors at hom e.二、汉译英改编自下文。
湖南师范大学mti真题
湖南师范大学mti真题湖南师范大学mti考试真题一、语言知识1.单项选择（每小题1分，共20分）（）1.A.When B.While st D.for（）2.A.thicker B.heaviest C.hotest D.heavier （）3.A.fewer B.more C.less D.little（）4.——Do you like______——Yes, I B.sang C.sings D.to sing（）5.A.truely B.correct C.true D.correctly二、语言实践1.完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）A boy and his father went fishing _____1_____ a river. There were lots of fish in the river and the boy wasvery ___2___. After fishing for about two hours, the boy said to his father, "Dad, why___3___you have caught so many more fish than I have?".The____4___ answered, "Because I___5____more than you do. When I feel a fish and he starts off with the____6___, I give him lots___7___room to move. Then I bring him ___ 8____ slowly and easily. But you___9___ here and quickly just pull out the fish. That's why you have___10___ caught any."A. onB. happyC. havn'tD. fatherE. feelF. lineG. ofH. inI. standJ. not三、阅读理解1.阅读下面一篇短文，掌握其大意并回答问题（每小题2分，共10分）Hello, everyone. I'm Tony. I would like to tell you one of my classmates, Jerry. He is from America,but he looks like a Chinese. He is a very kind boy, he likes to help others.When he first came to China, he didn't understand Chinese at all. He was like a small child. He asked teachers and classmates to help him, and of course they would help him. We all like Jerry very much.In his spare time, he tried his best to learn Chinese, not only books, but also speech. Now he can speak Chinese quite well. We are proud of him.1.What can Jerry do now?A. He can speak Chinese quite well.。
2010全国硕士研究生考试英 语二真题及答案
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years.The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the pandemic is "moderate" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, whenMexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. @Zov&01 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems. But it wasstill possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people.Section Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, ―Beautiful Inside My Head Forever‖, at Sotheby‘s in London o n September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst‘s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world‘s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby‘s and Christie‘s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move thatstarted the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie‘s chief executive, says: ―I‘m pretty confident we‘re at the bottom.‖What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie‘s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as ―a last victory‖because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying ―spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable‖(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with anewspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase ―wreaking havoc‖(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.―There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washingwith soap, that remain killers only because we can‘t figure out how to change people‘s habits,‖ Dr. Curtis said. ―We wanted to learn from private ind ustry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.‖The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers‘ lives tha t corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you‘ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits.A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn‘t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is nowfeatured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.―Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,‖ said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. ―Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers‘ lives, and it‘s essential to making new products commercially viable.‖Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people‘habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people‘buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people‘s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer‘s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author‘sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people‘s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted withthese democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)―Suatainability‖ has become apopular w ord these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He‘d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin‘t go well. ―It was a really had move because that‘s no t my passion,‖ says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. ―I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyo ne said, ‗Just wait, you‘ll trun the corner, give it some time.‘‖翻译参考―坚持不懈‖如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
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2010年湖南师范大学翻译硕士英语真题答案
I. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. B (on the spot)12. D（He is at the meridian of life./ He is now at the meridian of his intellectual power. /He was at the meridian of his power then. /She was at the peak of her popularity. /Who, at the peak of happiness, can remember the number of Cupid, or any of the fun days around./A decision will be taken at the culmination of the initial research.在初始阶段研究结束时将作出决议。
）13. A (come down with染上病 Come into effect/come into play/Come into operation/come into bloom; come up with想出；come about 发生)14. A（bring about 引起 bring over You might bring him over tomorrow. Bring off a successful advertising campaign.） 15. C 16. A 17. D(CM, CDA, DTR, BA, SMD would partly decrease the mechanical performance of IFR/PP. 甲基纤维素、二乙酸纤维素、糊精、硼酸、钼酸钠在一定程度上会降低IFR/PP的力学性能。
)18.
D 19. B 20. C(seek shelter from the rain)
II. 21. went 22. have not had 23. had been made up 24. would have worked 25. Was reading 26. have cried 27. pretending 28. Having not seen 29. being told（deny doing）30. lying 31. mentioned 32. to walk 33. to be(这里see相当于recognize。
例句：In years to come they will recognize him to be one of the great founder - figures of our movement) 34. Using(try to do/try doing试试；努力), heard
III. Passage 1 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. The first thing is to treat others as you'd like to be treated yourself. He talked to everybody individually.
Passage 2 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. Worthless in meaning. /something important
Passage 3 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. He thinks it is unnecessary. You have to put aside you work and answer a call that you never knows it is important or not.
Passage 4 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. They helped to put out the fire inside the vehicle, a light American truck converted to provide living accommodation, before Norwich firemen arrived. And the bank staff provided a fire extinguisher and telephoned for an ambulance.
IV. 范文：Translation is a kind of social activity. It tends to be made reflect the need of society. Social factors have affected translation in respect of many ways. The following paragraphs will give you an insight into them.
First, translation tends to meet the need of social development. Translation plays an extremely
important role in social and cultural communication so it need to keep up with the development of society. As society develops, some words disappear from the vocabulary and some new words added. This is especially true in the scientific field. When something new is invented, we need to coin a word to name it. In the Internet world, new terms emerge in large numbers.
Second, the keynote, attitude and style of the original work and in a broad sense such social factors as the social class, position, education background of the author will all have influence on translation. Translation is not mere convey of literal meaning. A good translation always takes into consideration social and cultural factors, etc.
Third, computer translation emerge in reply of the strong requirement of social development. In modern society, the stability of national defense, economy and politics and the development of social welfare all depend on the share of information. In human history, people has never felt so pressing as to breach the obstruction of language difference as today.
In brief, translation is affected and conditioned by various social factors. Translation and social development promote each other. Thanks to translation, people worldwide can share information and on the other hand, because translation has break through language obstacle, new common market and increasingly developing world trade have been realized.
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