非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作定语和状语
A A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
3). The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded D. being recorded
C Figure” award, a title _____ to ordinary
people for their contributions to
environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given
C. given
D. was given
不定式（to do)
②The question _b_e_i_n_g__d_is_c_u_s_s_e(ddiscuss) at the
meeting now is of quite importance.
③The question __t_o_b_e__d_i_s_cu__s_se_d(discuss) at the
meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. have been bought D. buying
解析：此题学生最易错选的答案为Ａ或Ｃ。依据上面 陈述，填入Ａ或Ｃ句子都有两个谓语动词，而此 处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主 从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为Ｂ， bought through a computer为一过去分词短语作后 置定语，句中只有一个谓语can be lower than。当 然此题如改为Prices of daily goods which have been bought through…也是正确的，因为这一动 作出现在从句中。
非谓语动词做状语方法
非谓语动词做状语方法非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的形式，但不具备时态等谓语动词的特征。
非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
在句子中，非谓语动词可以充当状语，对动作或状态进行修饰和补充，使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面将介绍几种常见的非谓语动词做状语的方法。
一、动词不定式做状语动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的形式，在句子中可以作为状语来修饰动作或状态。
常见的动词不定式做状语的用法有以下几种：1. 作目的状语动词不定式可以表示动作的目的或出发点，常用的短语有“in order to”、“so as to”、“to”等。
例如：- I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.- He studied hard in order to pass the exam.2. 作结果状语动词不定式可以表示动作的结果或后果，常用的短语有“so as to”、“to”等。
例如：- She ran fast to catch the bus.- He worked hard to earn more money.动词不定式可以表示动作的方式，常用的短语有“to”、“in order to”等。
例如：- They danced together to celebrate the victory.- He spoke loudly to make himself heard.4. 作原因状语动词不定式可以表示动作的原因，常用的短语有“for”、“to”等。
例如：- She apologized to him for being late.- He thanked her for helping him.二、动名词做状语动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的名词形式，具有动词和名词的特点，可以作为状语来修饰动作或状态。
常见的动名词做状语的用法有以下几种：1. 作原因状语动名词可以表示动作的原因，常用的短语有“by”、“by means of”等。
非谓语动词做状语
非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词作为状语是指在句子中不能作谓语，但可以做状语的动词形式。
它可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、结果等状语，可以提供句子里的信息，使句子充实而生动。
一、非谓语动词作时间状语1.由过去分词组成的状语过去分词表示过去发生的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该在过去发生。
如：He left without saying goodbye, leaving me standing there alone.他没有说再见就走了，留下我独自站在那里。
2.由现在分词组成的状语现在分词表示正在进行的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该正在进行。
如：She comes to visit us every week, bringing us some nice food.她每周都会来看望我们，并带来一些美食。
3.由having done 组成的状语having done 表示过去已经完成的动作，常用于主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的句子中，作时间状语，突出主句动作应该在过去完成的动作之后发生。
如：Having finished the exam, he went home and had a good rest.考试结束之后，他回家好好休息了。
二、非谓语动词作原因状语由because of，due to，owing to，thanks to等引导，接名词或动词不定式，作原因状语，表示主句动作的原因。
如：Because of the heavy rain, we had to cancel our picnic.由于下雨，我们不得不取消野餐了。
三、非谓语动词作条件状语由if，unless，in case，on condition that，provided (that)，supposing (that)等引导，接动词不定式，作条件状语，表示“假设”的意思，表示主句动作的前提，即要想主句动作成立，必须满足什么条件。
非谓语动词做状语
二. done/being done/having been done 做状语 主语与非谓语动词之间为被动关系； having been done 发生在主句谓语动词之前
1. Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
2. Compared with those who lived in the slums, Children here are really lucky.
过去分词可以以下成分:
1.表语 The teacher is moved. 2. 定语 I don’t like the man talked about at the party. 3. 宾补 We heard a song sung in her room. 4. 状语 Lost in a newspaper, She didn’t notice me.
He is too careful not to have noticed that. 他那么小心,肯定会注意到那一点的。 She is too sad not to help crying. 她那么伤心，忍不住哭了。 I am only too glad to help you.我很高兴能帮助你。 I am only never too glad to know you. 认识你我再高兴不过了。
s )
一. 非谓语动词做状语的形式： 二. doing/ having done 三. done/being done/having been done 四. to do/ to be done
五. 二. 做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语， 辩逻辑关系，判动词先后
If I am given more time, I’ ll catch up with you.
_非谓语动词之分词作状语
4.Although they had been defeated many times， they conti谓语的动词，谓语是对主语动作或状态的 陈述或说明，指出“ 做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。
三、逻辑主语：是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者；它们在逻辑上存在着 主谓关系或动宾关系，但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语，因此叫逻辑主语。
充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分
成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 类别
the sky. 他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果） 三、在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。
如： I am very glad to see you. 我非常高兴地见到你。 I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。 四，不定时作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关
词）前可加上适当连词如：while，when，once，if，unless，as if， though
*Once used, the car will never be sold again. (once “一旦……”)
=Once it is used, the car will never be sold again.
系时，不定时多用主动形式，常见的形容词 easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,good,fit ,comf ortable,safe,dangerous,impossible.
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语高考英语的状语在句中主要修饰动词，形容词和句子，非谓语作状语常表：目的，时间，条件，结果，伴随，原因，让步，方式等。
下面为大家作进一步讲解。
1.to do 作状语,常表目的状语，结果状语，原因状语。
（1）表目的，译为“为了“例如：——Ｉget some money from the bank to buy you a gift.我从银行取了些钱，为了给你买份礼物。
——To be admitted into a key university, he buried himself into study.为了被重点大学录取，他专心致志于学习。
解析：to do 放句首，表强调。
另外：in order to , so as to 也表目的状语。
So as to 不放句首。
（2）表结果，常使用only/just to do, 却…，表意料之外的不良后果。
so/such ……as to do如此……以至于, ……enough to do，足够，too……to太……而不能……结构。
例如：——She is such a lazy girl as not to pass the exam.她是如此懒一个女孩，（以至于）没有及格。
解析：so 用法为So + adj. +a/an +n. 。
such用法为such + a/an +adj.+ n. 。
too 后用法与so相同。
Enough 前常用adj. 和adv. 。
注：n. 表名词。
adj.表形容词。
adv. 表副词。
——She hurried to the station , only to be told the train had left.她匆忙赶到车站，却被告知，火车已经离开了。
解析：only to do ,表意料之外的事，此处told 与she 之间为被动关系。
（3）作原因状语，常用在表情感，态度等形容词后。
例如：happy,surprised ,sorry 等。
英语语法第七讲--非谓语动词作状语
♥Stella♥英语语法讲义非谓语动词作状语谓语动词：be、do、does、did.非谓语动词：done、doing、to do. (不是谓语动词，却能表达谓语动词的意义）。
Doing: 表示主动，现在正在做的事情。
----being done非谓语动词（一般时态）Done: 表示被动，做过的事情。
---- doneTo do: 表示将来，表示目的。
--- to be done（完成时态）：to have done --- to have been donehaving done --- having been done（进行时态）：to be doing--- to be being doneEg：1.Tom cried. He ran out. 两个句子，两个谓语动词。
2.Tom crying, Tom ran out. 保留一个句子，另一个句子变为类句子。
只能有一个谓语动词，两个主语。
（逻辑主语和真实主语）3.Crying, Tom ran out. 一个高级句子，一个谓语动词。
（省略逻辑主语）当逻辑主语和真实主语所指同一个人或同一件事时，可以省略。
（即使单词不一致）Eg：Stella beats him. Sam cries everyday.Sam is beaten by Stella. Sam cries everyday.分词作状语1. 分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
2. 分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
例如：Seeing from the hill, I found that our school is beautiful.Seen from the hill, our school is beautiful.用非谓语动词作状语，写出下列句子：走在街上，我遇见一个朋友。
虽然受伤了，这位勇敢的战士继续在战斗。
只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。
若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。
这种结构称为“独立结构”。
其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。
“独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。
功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
例如：表示时间The meeting over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
表示条件The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。
(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)用法独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
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(build)
1) Four people entered the room looking around in a ( 伴随动作 ) = curious Four people ….. and looked around in a curious way. way. 2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (原因) = Because he was poor, he……. 3) Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. 条件 = If you work hard, you’ll….. 4) He came back running to tell me the news. 方式 = He came back by running to….. 5) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. 时间 , 可以在分词前保留when ) = When he heard the news, ( he ….. 6) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. = The child slipped and fell, so he hit his head 结果 1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可表示时间 、原因、结果、 against the door. 条件、让步、方式、伴随
分词作状语时其形式的选择 形式 doing having done 意义
作状语
与主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中谓语 动词同时发生
与主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于句中 谓语动词发生 having been 与主语为ne 与主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成或 被动
4.独立主格结构：
带有自己的逻辑主语，有逗号与句子隔开，在句子中着状语。
结构：名词/代词+分词/不定式
The test finished, we began our holiday.
Time permitting, we’ll visit you.
5.独立成分做状语：
Judging from/by…根据…来判断 Considering… 考虑到… Taking … into consideration考虑到… Seeing that…鉴于 Given..考虑到…鉴于…
1. With the audience _____ at her, the little girl felt nervous on the stage. A staring B. to stare C. stare D. stared A. 2. ____ by strong snowstorms, the area faced severe water and electricity shortage. A. A Struck B. Having struck C. Striking D. Be struck 3. Most of the guests _____ to the wedding last week were his classmates and friends. A. having been invited B. to be invited C. being invited D. D invited 4. --- What might put you in a really bad mood（心情）? ---- _____ in the traffic for hours. A. Stuck B B. Being stuck C. To be stuck D. Sticking 5. In my opinion, keeping dogs ____ up is advisable for dog owners. C tied D. to be tied A. to tie B. being tied C.
3.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别 1. He hurried to the bus stop, only to be told the bus had been left. 2. His parents died，leaving him a lot of money．
原则：用作结果状语时，用v-ing或不定式
2.现在分词、过去分词做状语的区别
分词作状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随或方式 ，相 当于相应的状语从句。 分词作状语的首要条件是分词的主语就是 句子的主语，分词与句子的主语的关系是主动的，用doing，反之， 用done。 Seeing from the top of the hill, you can find the city more beautiful. Seen from the top of the hill ,the city is more beautiful. 1, Hearing _____the news ,he couldn’t help laughing .（时间） Given 2, _____enough time ,I can do it better （条件） 3, Our teacher came in , followed _____ by many students (伴随）
V.ing
• 1.His hobby is collecting stamps • 2.The pen lying on the table belongs to you. • 3.With the boy leading the way,I easily found the library. • 4. Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth. • 5.Smoking is bad for our health. • 6.He is fond of reading novels.
1.______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president attended B. The president to attend D The president’s attending C. The president will attend D. 2.______ these suggestions will help you become more cooperative and achieve more . A Following B. Followed C. To follow D. Being followed A. 3.In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ______in daily conversations. A. using B. to use C. having used D. D used 4. Children are never ___ with ____ stories. A. bore; interesting B. boring; interested C bored; interesting D. bored; interested C. 5. With ___ she needed ___, she left the supermarket happily. A all; bought A. B. something; to be bought C. all; buying D. everything; to buy
A 1. _____ hard, and you’ll be admitted into a key university. C 2. _____ hard, you’ll be admitted into a key univerisity. A.Study B.To study C.Studying D.Studied
1___ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （时间状语） A.To walk B.Walking C.Walked D.Having walked 2.___ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the money at home. （时间状语） A.Waiting B.To wait C.Having waited D.To have waited 3.___ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A.Being bitten B.Bitten （原因状语） C.Having bitten D.To be bitten 4.There are many talented actors out there just waiting _____. A.to discover B.to be discovered （目的状语） C. discovered D.being discovered
followed by 1.The teacher came into the lab, ________ some students.(follow) Looking at my classmates’ faces, I read the 2.______ same excitement in their eyes.(look) 3.__________ Having waited in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realised he had left the money at home.(wait) Having been cheated 4.___________________many times, he believes in nobody.(cheat)