非谓语动词(二)——动名词
非谓语动词的转换了解非谓语动词的不同形式

非谓语动词的转换了解非谓语动词的不同形式非谓语动词的转换:了解非谓语动词的不同形式非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语、不表达主语的动作或状态的动词形式。
它具有多种形式,包括动名词、不定式和分词。
了解非谓语动词的不同形式对于英语学习者来说是非常重要的。
在本文中,我们将探讨非谓语动词的转换及其不同形式。
一、动名词(Gerund)动名词是动词+ing形式的名词,可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语以及状语等。
下面是一些常见的动名词的转换形式:1. 一般现在时的非谓语动词形式:例句:Swimming is my favorite hobby.Smoking is bad for your health.2. 一般过去时的非谓语动词形式:例句:Running helped me lose weight.Playing basketball made him happy.3. 完成时的非谓语动词形式:例句:Having finished his homework, he went to bed.After having studied for hours, she felt exhausted.二、不定式(Infinitive)不定式是动词原形,通常前面带有to,也可以省略to。
不定式可作目的状语、主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补等。
下面是一些常见的不定式的转换形式:1. 一般现在时的非谓语动词形式:例句:To learn a foreign language is beneficial for your career.It's important to exercise regularly.2. 一般过去时的非谓语动词形式:例句:He used to smoke, but he quit last year.She promised to help me with my homework.3. 完成时的非谓语动词形式:例句:I hope to have finished my project by next week.She wants to have traveled to all the continents by the age of 30.三、分词(Participle)分词有现在分词(-ing形式)和过去分词(-ed形式、-en形式等)。
非谓语动词之动名词

动名词
在河里游泳很安全。 Swimming in the river is very safe. 在这张床上睡觉很舒服。 Sleeping in this bed feels comfortable.
到公园里散步是很多人喜欢做的事儿。 Taking a walk in the park is something most people like to do.
动名词
在迪拜住旅馆要花至少1000美金。 ________________________________ (Living in hotels in Dubai will cost you at least 1,000 dollars.) 在这家工厂工作让我想自杀。 ________________________________ (Working in this factory makes me want to kill myself.)
在出门之前,记得检查一下门窗。 Before going out, remember to check the windows and the door. 赢得比赛后他们举行了庆祝会。 They had a celebration party after winning the game.
动名词
他不断地试验新想法以帮助全中国的农民。 He will keep trying out new ideas so he can help farmers around China.(人教4-2)
动名词
想不想出去逛街? Do you feel like going shopping together? 你喜欢和他聊天吗? Do you enjoy talking with him?
非谓语动词——动名词

非谓语动词——动名词(总5页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--第十五讲:非谓语动词——动名词教学重点:掌握动名词这一语法知识。
了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。
命题趋势:动名词的考点依次为作宾语,作主语,作定语,作表语。
一些固定的基本知识应记牢。
知识点回顾在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
动名词1.动名词简述:动名词是三种非谓语动词的一种。
由动词+ing构成,与现在分词的形式相同。
动名词在句中可以作主语、宾语(介词宾语和动宾)和表语,还可以作定语。
同时,动名词仍然具有动词的若干特点,它可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动名词作主语Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Having done the work is an experience you’ll never forget.做过这种工作,就会使你永生难忘。
注意:动名词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数。
(详见上三例)用It作形式主语用动名词作主语时,和动词不定式一样,有时也用It作形式主语。
It is no use (useless) talking too much. = Talking too much is no use (useless).It is no good crying.= Crying is no good.It trains the ear listening to music. = Listening to music trains the ear.在there be句型中只能用动名词作主语(不用不定式)There is no + ---ing. (…..是不可能的)= It is impossible to…..= No one can…..There is no telling what will happen.= It is impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.无法预言将会发生什么事情。
非谓语动词的种类和非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用

非谓语动词的种类和非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的成分,但不具备人称和数的变化。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词,它们在句子中的位置和作用各有不同。
一、非谓语动词的种类1. 不定式(Infinitive)不定式由“to”加上动词原形构成,例如:to eat、to sleep。
不定式可以用作名词、形容词或副词的宾语、主语、表语等。
2. 动名词(Gerund)动名词相当于动词和名词的结合体,以动词ing形式作为名词使用,例如:reading、writing。
动名词可以用作主语、宾语、表语等。
3. 分词(Participle)分词根据其形式和作用分为现在分词(ing形式)和过去分词(过去分词形式)。
分词可以用作形容词、状语、补语等。
二、非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用1. 不定式在句子中的位置和作用(1)不定式可以用作主语例如:To study is important for students.(学习对学生来说很重要。
)(2)不定式可以用作宾语例如:I want to go to the park.(我想去公园。
)(3)不定式可以用作定语例如:The best way to learn a language is to practice speaking.(学习一门语言最好的方法是练习口语。
)(4)不定式可以用作表语例如:Her goal is to become a doctor.(她的目标是成为一名医生。
)2. 动名词在句子中的位置和作用(1)动名词可以用作主语例如:Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益于健康。
)(2)动名词可以用作宾语例如:I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢阅读书籍。
)(3)动名词可以用作定语例如:The dancing girl caught everyone's attention.(跳舞的女孩引起了所有人的注意。
非谓语动词(2)动词充当名词之动名词

The man was happy with not paying extra taxes this year.
③V-ing动名词的否定形式:在动名词前加not,
never等否定词。
练习游戏 01
• 要点3: 宾语只能是动名词的动词 还记得吗?那时我们一起学的动词
避免错过少延期
要点1:V-ing
动名词可以在句子中作 主语、宾 语、表语或定语
Reading aloud is very helpful. My son is afraid of going to bed alone. Seeing is believing. Is there a swimming pool in your school?
练习游戏 02
avoid
miss
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
put off
practice
建议完成多练习 suggest finish
喜欢想象经不住 enjoy imagine can't help 承认否定与妒忌 admit 逃避冒险莫原谅 escape 忍受保持不介意 stand deny risk keep envy excuse mind
非谓语动词系列二 之动名词
1
神马是动名词呢?
其实动名词就是 请看
V-ing
study学习(动词) studying学习(名词) eat吃(动词) eating吃(名词) Studying English is not what I like to do. 我不喜欢学习英语
亲,有木有明白尼?
V-ing动名词功能很强大哦~~~
• 要点4: 动名词所有格
• 动名词的所有格直接在名词后 • 加’ 请看 s
非谓语--动名词

注:动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语,没有太大区别.在表示经常习惯性动作多用动名词;在表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.
Their job is building houses.Our task now is to increase food production.
After riding a bike for an hour, I stopped____________(walk)
They talked loudly. I told them to stop talking.
8) like/love/hate to do做具体的事情like/love/hate doing表习惯
2)regret to do表遗憾地(说)regretdoing/having done表后悔
I regret____________(say)I must leave tomorrow.I regret not having told her earlier.
3) mean to do计划,打算做meandoing意味着做某事
The man lost the key, so he tried opening the door with a new key.
5) go on to do继续做一件与前面内容不同的事
go on doing继续做一件与前面内容一致的事
She waved to me and went on painting.The old man read a poem, then went on to tell a story.
非谓语动词之动名词

非谓语动词之动名词一、动名词作主语1.一般置于句首:Reading English is easier than speaking it.2.有时也可以用it作形式主语,而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。
It will be nice seeing them again.这类句子结构常见的还有:1)It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk.2)It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first success.3)Is it any good…?Is it any good trying to exp1ain?4)It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it.3.动名词还可以在There is no…句子结构中做主语:There is no asking him to come now.He is busy.这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语,其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do…二、动名词作表语连系动词常与动名词连用,一起构成复合谓语:Our task is building China into a powerfu1 modern socialist country.三、动名词作宾语1.作动词宾语:This factory has stopped producing the old type of engine.必须接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有:consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,excuse,finish,give up,cannot help(禁不住),imagine,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,suggest,pardon,stop,allow,permit,forbid,appreciate等。
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式

动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“动词原形+ ing”。
形式上与现在分词一样,但与现在分词有很大区别。
动名词既具有动词特点,又具有名词特点。
动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一、作主语 1、动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。
例如:Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.2、动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用"It is …"和"There is…"两种句式来表示。
例如: It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,如:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)4、在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。
但在下列几种情况中不能互换:当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.5、动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。
但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替:It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing …二、作表语1、动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。
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非谓语动词(二)——动名词【基本概念】1.现行高中教材中将动名词和现在分词统称为-ing形式。
这样处理英语传统语法项目的初衷是简化语法术语、淡化语法概念,让学生更多地通过语感掌握其用法。
然而,在教学实践中却遇到了另外一些不好解决的问题。
其一,取消了“现在分词”的概念之后,增加了“现在分词和过去分词的区别”这一关键知识的教学难度:其二,混淆动名词和现在分词的概念使得属于动名词范围的一些细节问题的教学不容易开展,如动名词做宾语的问题、分词和动名词的逻辑主语问题等。
现在分词和动名词都可以做定语和表语,概念却有所不同。
遇到这些问题完全可以采取淡化或者回避的办法,就如同我们很少强调形容词做定语、表语同名词做定语、表语的区别一样。
学生能够领悟其中的区别更好,不能理解也无关紧要。
2.动名词在书写形式上同现在分词相同,但语法概念和语法功能各异。
动名词具有名词的语法作用,在句子中主要充当主语和宾语。
例1:动名词做主语Using body language in a correct way will help communicate with people and make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable. ( P.16, Senior Book2A ) Checking information is very important. ( P.20, Senior Book2A )Doing this can save a lot of time and money. (P.20, Senior Book2A )Learning new words and useful expressions is very important for me. ( P.22, Senior Book2A)例2:动名词做宾语After a short while he started directing films himself. ( P.26, Senior Book2A ) Disney stopped drawing and watched the mouse. ( P.2, Senior Book2A )例3:动名词做介词的宾语Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. (P.3, Senior Book 1B )after在句中为介词,动名词opening 做介词的宾语,形容词性物主代词its 是动名词的逻辑主语。
The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child. ( P.38, Senior Book2 )I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude. ( P.35, Senior Book2B )having been 是动名词being的完成式,做介词for 的宾语。
【关键知识】动名词一章的关键知识是动名词做宾语同不定式做宾语的区别。
这种区别根据“约定俗成”的原则成为语法规则,因此没有过多的道理可讲。
牢牢记住这些规则,在语言实践中能够熟练地运用,便是最好的学习方法。
1.下列动词只能用动名词做宾语,不能用不定式:suggest, finish, enjoy,pr actise, miss, avoid, require, delay, excuse, pardon, consider, deny, escape, can‟t help, risk 等。
Besides, I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music. ( P.22, Senior Book2A)Then for a period of several weeks we practise doing the play. ( P.25, Senior Book2A)2.一些动词后用动名词做宾语和用不定式做宾语意思不同。
①remember, forget, regret后用动名词做宾语表示已经发生过了的动作;用不定式做宾语表示将要发生或尚未发生的动作。
remember to do 表示记住要去做某事;remember doing表示记得曾经做过某事。
regret doing表示后悔做了某事;regret to say (tell)表示遗憾地说(告诉)。
---- The light in the office is still on.---- Oh, I forgot ______. (1991年全国高考试题)A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off答案为C。
句子的意思是“我刚才忘记了关灯”,“关灯”的动作没有发生。
---- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.---- Well, now I regret ______ that. (1995年全国高考试题)A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done答案为D。
having done是动名词doing的完成式,表示该动作先于谓语动作,句子的意思是“后悔在会议上提出反对意见”。
②try to do 表示“设法做”(克服困难、障碍努力做);try doing表示“试着做”(对结果没有把握,尝试去做,看看是否可以)。
The little time we have together we try ______ wisely. (上海市1995年高考试题)A. spending itB. to spend itC. to spendD. spending thatthe little time we have together是spend的宾语,前置以示强调。
正确的答案为C。
③like (love) to do 表示具体的一次性动作;like (love) doing表示倾向性的动作。
Little Tom should love ______ to the theatre this evening. (1992年全国高考试题)A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taken答案为A。
时间状语暗示了应该考虑“一次性动作”。
本试题中little Tom 和谓语动词take(带领)为动宾关系,必须注意被动概念的使用。
④动词need的用法同动名词做宾语有密切的关系。
a)当主语是表示“人”的词语时,need 的宾语用动词不定式的一般式,这时不定式同句子的主语也是主谓关系。
Right now you need to stay still until help comes. ( P.43, Senior Book2B)但是,也有少数句子need的宾语同句子的主语构成动宾关系,这时need 的宾语可以用动名词或不定式的被动式:The patient will need looking after.b)当主语是表示“事”或“物”的词语时,主语同need往往为动宾关系。
这时,用need to be done或need doing 均可,但要注意need doing 是用动名词的主动式表示被动的概念。
These shoes need repairing.These shoes need to be repaired.You have come just in time to help us.”“Fine. What needs ______?” (1985年广东高考试题)A. I doB. doneC. to be doneD. to do答案为C。
what是句子的主语,表示事物。
⑤stop to do 和stop doing 的语法结构不同,因此意思也就不同。
stop doing 中的doing 是动名词做宾语,表示stop动作的对象,意思为“停止做某事”。
Stop to do 中的不定式to do 是目的状语,表示“停止正在做的事的目的是要做某事”。
"Let's have a break.""Not now. I don't want to stop ______ yet." (1985年广东高考试题)A. studyB. to studyC. for studyingD. studying答案为D。
⑥mean doing 的意思是“意谓着”、“就是”。
I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in the office.(P.13, SeniorBook2B)Missing the train means waiting for an hour.mean to do 的意思是“意欲做……”或“打算做……”。
What do you mean to do?【相关知识及其运用】1.动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语表示动名词所代表的动作是谁做的。
动名词逻辑主语规范的表达形式是:①无生命的内容用名词的一般形式。
②有生命的内容如果是名词,用该名词的所有格;如果是代词,则用形容词性物主代词。
He has always insisted on his being called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.译文:他总是坚持让别人称呼他特纳博士而不是特纳先生。
his 是动名词being called的逻辑主语,但同call 构成被动关系。
如果是主动关系应为call him Dr. Turner。
再看下列两道试题:They insisted on ______ a thorough rest before going back to work.A. him to takeB. he tookC. his takingD. his taken答案为C。
______ made her mother very angry.A. Helen‟s married JackB. Helen has married JackC. Helen marrying JackD. H elen‟s marrying Jack答案为D。