(完整word版)高级英语各单元修辞
(完整word版)高级英语第三版第二册1—6课修辞
Lesson11 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once they was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M. Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and towhich we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder. —antithesis4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear , but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson41 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor Lesson51 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖sheik‖, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and‖Puritanical‖gentility, should flock to the traditional artisticcenter(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdocheLesson61 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these peopleoff from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil andluxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor。
高级英语第二册修辞(完整版)
Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simile Lesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across themarket place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turningchair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column,infantry, screw-gun batteries, adnthen more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic wordssymbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been brokenor even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they livedside by side with each other,did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here andthere, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no needfor one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, andall at once ther was afocus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated tothe ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides inconversation.—metaphor, alliteration6 When E.M.Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of thephrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson41 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has beenpassed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplinedby a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permitthe slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, andto which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear anyburden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and thesuccess of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is littlewe can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended upinside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can dofor your country.—contrast, windingLesson51 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’sChildren.—metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being adry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, andtrauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her backto Petey—understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybesomehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor Lesson61 As in architecture, so in automaking.—elliptical sentenceLesson71 Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative andcharacteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen onearth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that itreduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole, antithetical contrast2 Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were humanhabitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole,antithetical contrast3 The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes,understatement4 Obviously, if ther were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, theywould have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high pitched roof, to throwoff the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it wastall.—sarcasm5 And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paintpeeping through the streaks.—metaphor6 When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope orcaring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor7 I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony8 Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa andLansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia9 It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devotedall the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony10 They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony11 It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphorLesson81 One speaks of ―human relations‖ and one means the most inhuman relations, those betweenalienated automatons; one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which hasdriven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallismLesson91 In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls, between old mossgrowngardens and under avenues of trees, past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2 The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned withwhite-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3 In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the citystreets, farther and nearer and ever approaching, a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that fromtime to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging ofthe bells.—periodic sentence4 Some of them understand why, and some do not, but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children, thewisdom of their scholars, the skill of their makers, even the abundance of their harvest and thekindly weathers of their skies, depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallelconstruction5 Indeed, after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,anddarkness for its eyes, and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged andcurious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciouslyillicit thrill of the first visit toa speakeasy, of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality, and of the fashionableexperimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty,jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖ sheik‖, and the moral andstylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖ andthe ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if notopenly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we hadreached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind theartificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two borderingoceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our youngpeople to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling businessmedium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released theirinhibited violent energies which, after theshooting was over, were turned in both Europe andAmerica to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward theUnited States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerableto many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhancedsomewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlistunder foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naïveté destroyed by the war and now, in sleepyGopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resumethe pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as thenotion that their fighting had ―made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamedagainst war, Babbittry, and ―Puritanical‖ gentility, should flock to the traditional artisticcenter(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, totear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles anddolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no realdisillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and playwith the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to betterthings, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of thedollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where ―they dothings better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111 This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English, and at the same time,below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctivefellow-feeling, not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2 But there are not may of these men, either on the board or the shop floor, and they arecertainly not typical English.—metaphor3 Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4 A further necessary demand, to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger andlarger profits, is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keensalesmen.—metaphor5 It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English. It is between Admass, which hasalready conquered most of the Western world, and Englishness, ailing and impoverished, in noposition to receive vast subsidies of dollars, francs, Deutschmarks and the rest, for publicrelations and advertising campaigns.—personification6 Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencilsketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things. But then while things areimportant, states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7 It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for anoverdraft.—metaphor8 Bewildered, they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools, the oldharsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood orthought to be out of reach.—metaphor9 Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that isreal between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerialjobs while the other et pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk ofruin.—metaphor10 Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality, the latest figures of profitand loss, a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11 And this is true, whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops ofhair.—metonymyLesson121 When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discoverythat his props have all beenknocked out from under him, suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to themountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2 Tere, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and atypewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which Ihad spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3 Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished, I must say, from my ―place‖—in theextraordinary drama which is America, I was released from theillusion that I hatedAmerica.—metaphor4 It is not meant, of course, to imply that it happens to them all, for Europe can be verycrippling too; and, anyway, a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply wona crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5 Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists, they have killed enough of them off bynow to know that they are as real—and as persisten—as rain, snow, taxes orbusinessmen.—simile6 In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, notthe statesman, who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131 I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the ablition of capitalpunishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession, including the law. Iam told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific, for rapists andmurderers are really sick people who should be cured, not killed. I am invited to use myimagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2 Under such a law, a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scenepersons who, let us say, neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with theirshoe.—metonymyLesson141 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t existforknowledge.—paregmenon2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these peopleoff from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche, metaphor。
高级英语修辞总结完整版
高级英语修辞总结HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
(完整版)高级英语第二册第三版第三课InauguralAddress修辞汇总
1.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.2) .. those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.3) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.4)And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.5)..we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield f the new and the weak.6)And if A beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.7)The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world2.Antithesis（对照）A)United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture Divided, there is little we can do.2)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.And So, my fellow Americans; ask not what your country can do for you;ask you can dofor your country.3.Parallelism（排比）1)..that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by hard and biter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, andunwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed.2)Together let us explore the stars, conquer the-deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3) .. a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.4.Repetition（重复）1).. symbolizing an end As well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.2)For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.3)Let us never negotiate gut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate:4).. and bring the absolute)power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.5.Alliteration（头韵）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike...2)... whether it wishes us well or ill. that we shall pay any price bear any burden...,3)... both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...4)...ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.6.Rhyme（尾韵）...whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden ..7.Synecdoche（提喻）...both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...8.Climax（渐升）All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.。
(完整word版)高级英语第一册修辞总结1--11
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1。
Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells （Para. 1)2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para。
9）2。
Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square （Para. 1）2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar （Para。
7)3。
alliteration：is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters。
e。
g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para。
1)2)…make a point of protesting4. Hyperbole：is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big，small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller，louder, etc.e。
(完整word版)高级英语(1)修辞格汇总
一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻①...a memory that seemed phonographic②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”③Most American remember M. T. as the father of...④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her.（2）metaphor 暗喻①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,…②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. ③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A④the last this intermezzo came to an end…⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑪When railroads began drying up the demand...⑫...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑬Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑭Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑮The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑯Her voice was a whiplash.⑰and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑱But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.⑲I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑳I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.21The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.22I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.23We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻①In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes②The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's"（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head②The case had erupted round my head Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges ...③But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's（5）personification 拟人①…until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…②Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…③...to literature's enduring gratitude...④The grave world smiles as usual...⑤Bitterness fed on the man...⑥America laughed with him.⑦Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.④I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)（7）hyperbole 夸张①The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.②I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out.③If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.④I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. ⑤...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...⑥The cast of characters... - a cosmos.⑦America laughed with him.⑧The trial that rocked the world⑨His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " （9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate g uerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan②“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said, laughing .③… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry(顽固) are, and it is a mighty strong combination.②There is some doubt about that.③a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life④the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from "so simple" a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that adoor is a door and any damn fool knows that（12）ridicule（嘲笑）Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 愚弄有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情而说的话或做的事①Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted②Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.③Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.（13）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.②Benjamin Franklin: “If we don’t hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.” (Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776) 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。
高级英语第一册所有修辞方法及例子总结（推荐文档）
高级英语第一册所有修辞方法及例子总结（推荐文档）Personification:1.The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you...2.dancing flashes3.the beam groan ... and protesting4.where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay,5.life dealt him profound personal tragedies...6.the river had acquainted him with ...7....to literature's enduring gratitude...8....an entry that will determine his course forever...9.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.10.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.HyperboleHyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to emphasize a point, to create humor, or to achieve some similar effects1)... takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years2)innumerable lamps3)with the dust of centuries4)I see the ten thousand villages …5)...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...6)America laughed with him.7). The trial that rocked the world8)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.9)Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.Onomatopoeia:1)creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing2). its cl anking, heel cl icking3)appreciative chuckle4)clucked his tongueMetaphor1)I had a lump in my throat2)At last this intermezzo came to an end...3) I was again crushed by the thought..4)hen the meaning ... sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie5)little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimonoand the miniskirtlittle old Japan---- traditional floating houses6)I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact\Hiroshima----people of Hiroshima, especially those who suffered from the A-bomb (keep her thoughts under control) E.g.1) Whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was riot bowing down in the House of Rimmon2) I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.3) The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racialdomination.4) Still smarting from many a British whipping5) rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yokea. his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.(give sb. an angry and quick glare)b. The words spat forth with sudden savagery.( the detective said the words suddenly and savagely.)c. Her tone ...withered...(become shorter from her frightening voice)d. ...self-assurance...flickered...( hesitate; move with a quick wavering light emotion)e. The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.1) f. Her voice was a whiplash.i.(a heavy blow)2)g. eyes bored into himi.(look at him pointedly or sharply)3)h. I’ll spell it out.a)(explain or speak out frankly and in detail)4) 1. Mark Twain --- Mirror of America5) 2. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruisethrough eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.6) 3. The geographic core, in Twain's early years was the great valley of the MississippiRiver , main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart .7) 4. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied — acosmos.8)Cast of characters: people of various sorts; cosmos: a place where one can find all sortsof characters9) 5. Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, butits flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as will.10)current: stream, here not a good choice for the verb teem.11) 6. He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver feverin Nevada 's Washoe region.12)Succumbed…to: gave way to (yielded to, submitted to ) the gold and silver rushprevailing in that area.13)7. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and thepersistent, and was rebuffed .Flirted…wealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossalwealth…failed14)8. From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his wayto regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.6. He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver feverin Nevada 's Washoe region.15)Succumbed…to: gave way to (yielded to, submitted to ) the gold and silver rushprevailing in that area.16)7. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and thepersistent, and was rebuffed .Flirted…wealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealth…failed17)Digging …fame: working hard to gain regional fame18) Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles .Honed: sharpened/exercised. It is not suitable to say "sharpen one's muscles".19)saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...20) the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States21) All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...( submarine comes back to thesurface, here reappear)22) When railroads began drying up the demand...23)...took unholy verbal shots...24)my case would snowball into...25)our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.26) The street ...sprouted with ...27)He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.28)… had not scorched the infidels...29)…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…30) The case had erupted on my head.31) Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan asa …32) But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan.33)Then the court broke into a storm of applause that …34) He accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death …Irony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of themeaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humor or sarcasm.1)H iroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan2)marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryAnti-climax: the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serioussignificant ideas and suspensions. This device is usu. aimed at creating comic or humorous effects.1) a town known throughout the world for its---oystersParallelismthe repetition of sounds, meanings and structures serve to order, emphasize, and point out relations(1) The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies...(2) the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector(3) We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.(4) where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where thereare still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.(5) Let us... Let us...(6) He hopes ... He hopes(7) Behind all this glare, behind all this stormLitotes (double negative) (语轻意重法,间接肯定法)a) A negative before another word to indicate a strong affirmative in the oppositedirection.b)I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay.Sarcasm1)ah, yes, for there are times when all pray2)There is some doubt about that.3)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognizedthroughout theworld.Alliteration（头韵）repetition of vowel sound1) E.g. I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses2)its cl anking, heel cl icking3)fighting for his hearth and home4)let us learn the lessonsRhetorical question1) E.g. … but can you doubt what our policy will be?AssonanceI see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like aswarm of crawling locusts.e.g. when bigots lighted faggots to burn...RepetitionE.g. From this nothing will turn us – nothing.1That is our policy and that is our declaration.2 the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector.3 We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.4 We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.Antithesis(两个结构相似但是意思相反的平行从句便是对偶句)1)E.g. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man orstate who marches with Hitler is our foe.(E.g. The coward does it with a kiss, the brave man a sword.)2)From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of thedifference between what people claim to be and what theyreally are.3)...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...4)...a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverSimilea)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery ploddingon like a swarm of crawling locusts.b)...a memory that seemed phonographicc)...swept the arena like a prairie fired)...a palm fan like a sword...e)The oratorical storm … blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a freshwind …Periodic sentence (圆周句)Periodic sentences achieve forcefulness by suspense. The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.松散句把主要意思放在次要意思之前，先说最重要的事情，因而读者在看到最初的几个词后就知道这句话的意思。
(完整word版)高级英语上册1-10课修辞
Figures of speech：rhetorical question simile, Parody metaphor, personification, synecdoche，anticlimax, metonymy，repetition，exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody。
periodic sentence irovy etc。
Lesson11）You pass from the heat and glare of a big，open square into a cool,dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see，losing itself in the shadowy distance.—metaphor2)The din of the stall-holders crying their wares，of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously，and of would—be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy。
——parallel construction3）Bargaining is the order of the day,and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop，selecting,pricing,and doing a little preliminary bargainging before they narrow dowen their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.—metaphor4）It grows louder and more distinct，until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers。
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英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。
喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。
暗喻又叫隐喻。
例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。
（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。
4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。
就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。
5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。
夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。
转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。
转喻又称换喻，或借代。
9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。
10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
双关可使语言表达得含蓄、幽默，而且能加深语意，给人以深刻印象。
12) Syllepsis: (异叙）此修辞格的特点是用一个词（动词、形容词或介词）同时与两个词或者更多相搭配，巧用一词多义的特点。
13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配）把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。
在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。
14) Irony: (反语）运用跟本意相反的词语来表达此意，却含有否定、讽刺以及嘲弄的意思15) Innuendo: (暗讽）16) Sarcasm: (讽刺）17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语）即短而机智之妙语，名言警句。
18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰）是将两个互相矛盾，互不调和，的词放在同一个短语中，产生特殊的深刻含义的一种修辞手段。
19) Antithesis: (对照）即把两种相差、相反、相关的事物，或同一事物相差、相反、相对的两个方面，放在一起加以比照，使之相反相成，以更鲜明地表现事物特征，也称对比。
20) Epigram: (警句）一般是一句话或一段引语，主要用来激励和告诉当事人某些道理，提醒着使人们在生活中时刻保持着某种精神品格，所以也叫醒句。
21) Climax: (渐进或递升法）1、以程度的深浅，语意的轻重的顺序来排列语句2、以范围的大小顺序来排列语句3、以时间的先后顺序来排列语句22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降)23) Apostrophe：(顿呼）24)Transferred Epithet: (移就）就是有意识的把描写甲事物的词语移用来描写乙事物。
一般可分为移人于物、移物于人、移物于物三类。
25) Alliteration: (头韵）头韵是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头音相同的单词，简明生动，起到突出重点，加深印象，平衡节奏，宣泄感情的作用。
26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声）是指用词语模拟客观事物的声音,以增强讲话或文字的实际音感。
Unit 1 The Middle Eastern BazaarMetaphor:dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etcform a closely knit guild...Simile:a vast sombre cavern of a roomPersonification:The Middle Easter bazaar takes you...dancing flashesThe beam sinks…taut and protestingHyperbole:takes you ...hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuries Onomatopoeia:creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashingUnit2 Hiroshima---the"Liveliest"City in JapanMetaphor :I had a lump in my throatAt last this intermezzo came to an end...I was again crushed by the thought......when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...Metonymy(借代):...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirtI thought that Hiroshima still felt the impactEuphemism委婉语:Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares.Irony:Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japanthe good fortune that my illness has brought meAnti-Climax:a town known throughout the world for its---oystersAlliteration:slip to a stoptested and treatedRhetorical QuestionWas I not at the scene of the crime?Unit4 Everyday UseSimile(明喻)The yard was like an extended living room.( Para.1)Maggie’s hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back.( Para.23)Metaphor(暗喻)Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head.( Para.36)She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. ( Para.12)Metonymy( 转喻)Out she peeks next with a Polaroid.( Para.22)The kettle boils.Parallelism （排比）She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle.Irony (反语)“What don’t I understand?”I wanted to know. "Your heritage,”she said.( Para. 79-80) Onomatopoeia( 拟声)Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road (para.19) Personification （拟人）She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that “no”is a word the world never learned to say to her.Unit 5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.Metaphor: cataract of horrorsrid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from his yokeThe scene will be clear for the final act.Alliteration: dull, drilled, docile...for his hearth and homewith its clanking, heel-clicking...Assonance: clanking, heel-clicking,…cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawling locusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping... easier and safer preyRepetition: We have but one aim and one single purposenothing will turn us---nothingWe will never parley, we will never negotiate...This is our policy and this is our declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastlyParallelism: The past, with its crimes,its follies,and its tragedies...I see,...I see...the return of the bread-winner,of their champion,of their protectorWe shall fight him by land,we shall fight him by sea,we shall fight him in the airAny man or state...Any man or state...Let us...Let us...Noun phrases: I had not the slightest doubt where ...With great rapidity and violencePeriodic sentences: When I awoke on...invasion of Russia.If Hitler imagines that... woefully mistaken.Unit 6 BLACKMAILMetaphor:...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed...his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.Euphemism:...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:won 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueUnit9 Mark Twain --- Mirror of AmericaMetaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsamWhen railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles......took unholy verbal shots...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personification:ife dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are......took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:...men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeSynecdocheKeelboats,...carried the first major commerceUnit 10 The Trial That Rocked the WorldMetaphor:No one,... that may case would snowball into......our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…Simile:...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...Metonymy...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below.Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldRidicule:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ...Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.Sarcasm:There is some doubt about that.Transferred epithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn...Repetition:The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...Pun:Darwin is right --- inside.Oxymoron:Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat".bitter sweet memoriesproud humilityorderly chaosa damned saintan honourable villain.Irony:marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryMetonymy...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below.Unit 11 But What's a Dictionary For?Personification:The storm...that greeted...An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment...The Yew York Times, ...felt itThe Journal ...saw...Alliteration:...very little light on Lincoln...on LifeSarcasm:a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life...."so simple" a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a doo is a door and any damn fool knows that.Assonance:The difference between the much-touted ... and the much clouted ...Synecdoche:But neither his vanity nor his purse is ...What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges...MetonymyThe Washington Post, ..."keep Your Old Webster's"in short, ...written in the language that the 3rd International describes...Zeugma:the use of a word to modify or govern 2 or more words usu. In such a manner that it applies to each in different sense or makes sense with only oneThe issue of New York Times …hail the Second as the authority…and the Third as a scandal…To wage war and peaceWith weeping eyes and heartsUnit 13 Britannia Rues the Waves见课本归纳。