非谓语动词被动形式
非谓语动词的三种形式及用法区别
非谓语动词的三种形式及用法区别一、非谓语动词的三种形式：1. 动词-ing形式：动词-ing形式具有动名词的功能，一般用来表示一个正在进行或发生的动作，以及被动含义，等。
比如：He was observed walking along the street. 他被观察到沿着街道走。
2. 动词不定式形式：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和动词的功能，常用来表示目的、动机、结果、条件、时间、让步等。
比如：To face the danger bravely is his duty. 勇敢的去面对危险是他的责任。
3. 动词的过去分词形式：动词的过去分词常用来表示完成或发生过的动作或状态，以及主句的谓语动词的被动的形式，常用结构有：Be + done/past participle (被动），Have/Get + done（完成）.比如：The machine is now ready to be used. 这台机器现在准备好被使用了。
二、非谓语动词的用法区别：1. 动词-ing形式：(1) 用作定语：形容词性短语作定语修饰名词或代词，如：He was aman working hard. 他是个努力工作的人。
(2) 用作表语：Ing 形式的短语作表语，表示一个正在进行的动作或状态，如：His job is repairing the machine. 他的工作是修理机器。
2. 动词不定式形式：(1) 作宾补：动词不定式作宾补表示“目的”，“动机”，“结果”，“条件”，“时间”，“让步”等。
如：He came here to do something for us. 他来这里为我们做一些事情。
(2) 作状语：动词不定式作状语，表示“目的”，“动机”，“条件”，“时间”，“让步”等。
如：She always goes out for a walk to relax herself. 她总是出去散步来放松自己。
非谓语动词的被动语态
child.
作宾语
She didn’t like to treat the boy as a
child.
作宾语
3. His dream was to be admitted to
a good university.
作表语
She doesn’t seem to like the idea.
4. There are a lot of problems to be
discussed.
作定语
We have a lot of problems to
discuss.
5. Parents greatly encourage their
children to join the club. 作宾补
The shopkeeper saw a thief slip into
It’s a pleasure being invited to the party.
作主语
Being offered such a good chance was
luck.
作主语
What I hate most is being looked down
upon.
作表语
Our task is cleaning the canteen.
3. That building being repaired is our library. 作定语
4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.
作状语 5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away? 作状语
非谓语动词讲解
I can‟t go out with these dishes to wash. She fell asleep with the light burning. He worked with the door closed. Don‟t stand with your hands in your pockets. She sleeps with the window open. With John away, we‟ve got more room. 不定式 分词（现在分词、过去分词）
3.当做定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的 承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态， 但含义不同 Do you have anything to send? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Do you have anything to be sent? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）
To study a foreign language, one needs practice.
独立主格结构 定义：非谓语结构带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作 状语。 特点：①…的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，独立存在 ②独立主格中的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、 副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系 ③独立主格结构后一般有逗号与句子分开。 构成：①名词（代词）+现分/过分 ②名词（代词）+形容词 ③名词（代词）+副词 ④名词（代词）+不定式⑤名词（代词）+介词短语 ⑥with/without+名词（代词）+宾补
非谓语动词分类
不定式 (to) do
非谓语动词
动名词 doing 分词 现在分词 doing
非谓语动词的各种形式
不定式不定式有六种形式：主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done完成进行式to have been doing不定式一般式的主动和被动，在句中除了谓语动词，能做其他一切成分。
主动表示不定式与逻辑主语间是逻辑主动关系；被动表示不定式与逻辑主语间是逻辑被动关系。
1.一般被动式：不定式的语态是由逻辑主语与不定式的关系决定的，被动关系就要用被动式。
在句中作与主动式一样的成分。
作定语时与所修饰的名词有逻辑主谓和逻辑解释这两种关系，主要是逻辑主谓关系He likes to be flattered（宾）他喜欢被人奉承。
You are lucky to be guided by Professor White （状）你们由怀特教授教授作指导，真幸运。
She asked to be sent to work in Tibet（宾）她要求去西藏工作He ordered the work to be started at once（宾补）他下令马上开始工作。
It might not be a bad idea for this word to be deleted（主）删去这个字，倒是一个不错的主意。
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room（主补）这些书不许带到室外。
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next session（定）请告诉我下次会议要讨论的题目。
He seems to be taken to America（表语）他好像要被带去美国。
He had no chance to be sent aboard（定）他没机会被派往海外。
2.进行式：表示动作正在发生，与所在句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
非谓语动词被动形式
不定时的被动形式
I must ask to be excused She didn’t like to be treated as a child He begged to be forgiven
I’d like this room to be redecorated
He didn’t wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter
eg: ①He ought to be given a chance to try. ②Many problems have to be discussed at the meeting. ③This book is to be published next year. ④These difficulties are sure to be overcome.
His dream was to be admitted to a good university.
Her ambition was to be made a cinema actress.
He hated being langhed at
She couldn’t bear being treated like that
定语
Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.
Being protected by a thick wall, they felt quite safe.
Being well looked after, the baby was in perfect health.
It’s an honour to be invited to the ceremony.
高中英语非谓语动词被动结构小结
高中英语非谓语动词被动结构小结非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词，其中不定式、动名词、现在分词表示主动意义。
当这三类非谓语动词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，要使用相应的被动结构。
下面结合高考试题总结一下非谓语动词被动结构的用法：一、不定式的被动形式当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，这时不定式要用被动形式。
【考例】I feel greatly honored into their society. (2008北京卷)A. to welcomeB. welcomingC. to be welcomedD. welcomed解析：C。
feel honored后面要求接不定式，句子的主语与welcome存在着逻辑上的被动关系，故用不定式的被动结构。
【考例】The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle .(2007浙江卷)A. to be heardB. to have heardC. hearingD. being heard解析：A。
struggle后面要求接不定式，I与hear存在着被动关系，故用被动结构。
【考例】When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a s pace flight. (2007江西卷)A. trainingB. being trainedC. to have trainedD. to be trained解析：D。
空白处应为目的状语，要求用不定式，he与train存在着逻辑上的被动关系，故选D。
【考例】He hurried to the booking office only that all the tickets had b een sold out.(2006陕西卷)A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told解析：B。
非谓语动词-基本形式及例句
状语：不定式、现在分词、过去分词 不定式只做目的状语和意外结果状语 目的状语，可位于句首和句末；
I hurried to the station only to find that the train
had lefபைடு நூலகம்.
only to be told
做意外结果状语只能位于句末
非谓语动词作状语是状语从句的省略 If I’m not tired from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. If not tired from work, I will------. When you are crossing the street, you should be careful. When crossing the street, you should ------. Because the postman were bitten twice, he refused to deliver our letters unless we chainded our dog. Bitten twice, the postman refused to -----. After he had been told many times, he finally understood it. Having been told many times, he finally ------.
A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city and killed all four people on board. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board.
非谓语动词的主动与被动形式
非谓语动词的主动与被动形式非谓语动词是指不具备时态和人称语态的动词形式，包括不定式、动名词和分词。
其中，不定式的主动形式为"to + 动词原形"，被动形式为"to be + 动词过去分词"，动名词的主动形式为"动词原形 + -ing"，被动形式为"being + 动词过去分词"，分词的主动形式为"动词过去分词"，被动形式为"动词过去分词 + being"。
非谓语动词的主动形式可以表示主动的意义，强调动作的执行者和动作本身，常用于主动语态的句子中。
而被动形式则强调动作的承受者和动作的结果，常用于被动语态的句子中。
一、不定式的主动与被动形式不定式是最常见的非谓语动词形式之一，它通常由"to + 动词原形"构成，表示目的、愿望、感觉、建议、能力等含义。
其主动形式为"to+ 动词原形"，被动形式为"to be + 动词过去分词"。
例如：- 主动形式：I want to learn English.（我想学英语。
）- 被动形式：I need to be taught by a professional teacher.（我需要由专业的教师来教。
）二、动名词的主动与被动形式动名词是以"-ing"结尾的动词形式，它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
其主动形式为"动词原形 + -ing"，被动形式为"being + 动词过去分词"。
例如：- 主动形式：Playing basketball is my favorite hobby.（打篮球是我最喜欢的爱好。
）- 被动形式：Being praised by the teacher made him happy.（被老师表扬使他很开心。
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被动 being done having been done
not doing /being done, not having (been)done
Do you know the man talking with our teacher? The bridge being built now will be completed soon. Having done his homework ,he went out to play. Not having been heard from for over a month, Tom went back hometown again.
3.The book is very____ and I find him ____ in it C A. interesting; interesting B. interested. Interested C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting
• ⑦用作状语。如： to be awarded • The actor is going onto the stage___________. 演员要上台领奖。 to be given • She was not old enough ____________ such heavy work.她年龄还小，不宜让她干这么重的 活。 • It was a good thing for him to have been criticized ________________. 他受到批评是件好事。（表示已经发生的被动动 作）
Girls should learn how to avoid being hurt. I can’t help crying. I look forward to seeing my family again.
v-ing的形式 ing的形式
语态 时态 一般式 完成式
否定式
主动 doing having done
• • • • • • • • • •
②用作某些动词的宾语。如： to be sent to work He asked ________________in Tibet. 他请求派他到西藏去工作。 to be flattered He hated ___________. 他讨厌别人对他阿谀奉承。 ③用作表语。如： What I want is to be left alone ______________. 我只想一个人呆在这里。 to be done The question is what is ________ next. 问题是下一步该干什么。
• ⑥用作名词的后置定语。如： • Are you going to the banquet to be given ___________ at the embassy? • 你打算去参加大使馆的宴会吗？ • It will be the first such project _____________ to be designed by Chinese engineers. • 这将是中国工程师设计的第一项这种类型的工程。
（1）动词不定式的被动式 ①用作句子的真正主语。如： It is an honour ___________________________. for me to be asked to speak here 我很荣幸应邀在这里讲话。 It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of _________________________ our shortcomings. 经常有人提醒我们自身的缺点是有必要的。
C 4 .Tom apologized for_______me of the change of the plan. A.his being not told B. him not to tell
C. his not telling D.him to tell B 5 ._________for a long time, the mother worried a great deal. A.Having not heard from her son B.Not having heard from her son C.Not hearing from her son D.Not heard from her son B 6 .___________, she wants to go there for holiday. A.Having never been to Kunming B.Never having been to Kunming C.Having been to Kunming D.Having not been to Kunming
Practice
C 1. People drink ____ water, but nobody drinks____ water. A. boiling; boiling B. boiling; boiled C. boiled; boiling D. boiled; boiled D 2. The traveler ____ there ____ at the sun rising. A. stands; look B. stand; and look C. standing; to look D. standing; looked
•②用作动词宾语或介词宾语。如： being left at home He didn’t mind________________.他不介意把他留 在家里。 •She couldn’t bear _______________like that.她不 being made fun of 能容忍别人如此嘲笑她。 •We congratulated him on his being admitted to ________________the Party.我们祝贺他入党了。 •They insisted on __________________ordinary their being treated as workers.他们坚持要大家把他们当作普通工人看待。 having ever been given •I don’t remember ____________________a chance to try this method.我不记得谁曾给过我试验 这种方法的机会。
O.c.
S
subject
O
P
A
Adv
object Predicative Attribute Adverbial Object complement
Admit, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind ,miss, practise, suggest, understand, feel like, give up, can’t help, look forward to
动名词的被动式 ①用作句子的主语。如： His being neglected _________________by the host added to his uneasiness.主人对他的冷漠使他更加不舒服。 being killed • So __________by sharks was a common occurrence.因此被鲨鱼吃掉是经常发生的事。 • • •
Grammar: the Nonfinite verbs
1. The Infinitive 2 .The V-ing 3. The Past Participle
the function of the underlined words:
Doing homework is a must. subject I enjoy writing letters. object Subject, predicatiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱe Seeing is believing. The boy standing there is my brother. Attribute Adverbial Hearing the noise, we rushed out of the room. I heard the boy crying. Object complement
• ③构成独立主格结构作状语。如： having been lost • The key_______________, she couldn’t enter her room. • 由于钥匙丢了，所以她进不了屋. having been made • The decision________________, the next problem was how to make a good plan. • 决定作出后，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好计 划
•④用作宾语补足语。如： to be typed •He wanted the paper____________ at once.他要 求立刻把文件打出来。 to be so well received •They didn’t expect the book_________________. 他们没有想到这本书受到读者如此的厚爱。 •⑤用作主语补足语。如： •The book are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room •______________________________.这些书不许 带出阅览室。 to be announced •The date is expected _______________before long.估计具体日期不久就会公布于众的。
•(3)现在分词的被动式 ①作名词的后置定语，表示当时正在进行的被动动 作 being repaired The building ______________is our library.现在 正在修维的那座楼房是我们的图书馆。 This is one of the experiments being carried out _____________in our laboratory.这是我们实验室里正在进行的实验。 ②用作宾语补足语，表示当时正在进行的被动动作 You’ll find the topic______________ everywhere. being discussed 你会发现到处都在议论这个话题。 As we approached the village, we saw new houses_____________. …正在盖新房 being built