四年级语文讲义语文能力拓展欧洲文学导读英国三大诗人全国通用

英国三大诗人

拜伦(1788 - 1824 )

拜伦是19世纪英国伟大的浪漫主义诗人,天生跛足

的理想主义者,出身于没落的贵族家庭。代表作有《恰尔

德?哈罗德游记》、《唐璜》等。拜伦所创造的一系列

“拜伦式英雄”有着鲜明的浪漫主义特色,他们都是孤

傲、狂热的叛逆者,孤独苦闷的骄傲者。

雪莱(1792 - 1822 )

雪莱是19世纪英国最富有才华的抒情诗人之一,一个伟大

的理想主义者。雪莱的代表作主要有诗歌《解放了的普罗米修

斯》、《西风颂》和《致云雀》等,其作品节奏明快,积极向

上,也正因为如此,雪莱被誉为“诗人中的诗人”。

济慈(1795 - 1821 )

济慈是19世纪初英国浪漫派诗人代表人物之一,代表作有

《夜莺颂》、《秋颂》和《希腊古瓮颂》等。济慈是一个出身于

社会底层且有着坎坷的成长经历的天才诗人,英年早逝,却有多

部作品传世。

如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

雪莱

知识链接

浪漫主乂的兴起与衰洛

19世纪20-30年代,在欧洲出现了一股狂热的文学浪潮一一浪漫主义运动,我们本课所讲的拜伦、雪莱、济慈都是这一运动中的先驱。熟悉欧洲历史的同学应该知道,此时欧洲已经经历了一场从思想到制度上全面的大解放。发生在18 世纪末19世纪初的法国大革命打破了欧洲大陆上根深蒂固的封建制度,在这场大的变革之中,不可一世的路易十六成为了法国历史上第一个被送上断头台的国王。而后来叱咤风云的军事天才拿破仑,也正是在这场大革命中崭露头角的。

然而这场大变革并没有给大多数人带来他们所渴望的自由、平等和博爱,尤其是拿破仑当政之后穷兵黩武,而其后的复辟王朝又逆行倒施。种种复杂的情绪汇在了一起,诗歌就成了一个有力的表现武器。在这样的背景下,浪漫主义运动揭开帷幕了。在这场持续时间并不长久的文学浪潮中,诞生了一大批至今仍影响着人们的作家:德国的歌德、席勒,英国的拜伦、雪莱、济慈,法国的雨果、乔治桑、梅里美……

正如拜伦、雪莱与济慈的诗歌一样,整个浪漫主义运动产生的文学作品都充满炽热的感情,这种炽热来源于人们积累已久的、深厚的感情。然而,或许正是因为过于炽热,所以它并不能维持太长的时间,浪漫主义运动的先驱们对待生活也大多比较理想化,才华横溢却英年早逝,拜伦、雪莱和济慈都没有活过四十岁。而像雨果、歌德这样比较长寿的,也在中年之后转向了现实主义。

我们可以这样区分浪漫主义与现实主义:浪漫主义描述的是对生活的理想,而现实主义则描述生活的实际。浪漫主义与现实主义都有它们存在的理由和适合的土壤,所以我们并不能以高低优劣来评价它们。

作品欣赏

拜伦不光会塑造坚强无畏的英雄,还非常擅长写优美的抒情诗。《我看过你哭》就是拜伦一首有名的抒情诗,也是浪漫主义诗歌的典范之作。用诗的形式描写哭泣之美是很困难的事情,要么显得幸灾乐祸,要么缺少情感。而这首诗却把哭泣写得优美动人,他是怎么做到的呢?我们一起看看吧。

我看过你哭

我看过你哭一一一滴明亮的泪

涌上你蓝色的眼珠;

那时候,我心想,这岂不就是

一朵紫罗兰上垂着露;我看过你笑一一蓝宝石的火焰在你之前

也不再发闪;呵,宝石的闪烁怎么比得上你那一瞥的灵活的光

线。

仿佛是乌云从远方的大阳;得到浓厚而柔和的色彩,就是冉冉

的黄昏的暗影也不能将它从天空逐开;你那微笑给我阴沉的脑

中也灌注了纯洁的欢乐;你的容光留下了光明一闪,恰似太

阳在我心里放射。

――查良铮译

【赏析】

拜伦这首诗的构思新颖别致。他抛弃了对少女哭泣缘由的交代,而是怀着真挚的感情着力描写她落泪和微笑的瞬间,赞美少女的美丽。诗人对少女的赞美是通过一系列比喻和侧面描写来完成的,没有直白倾诉情感,但这样的表达更加细腻感人。优秀的诗歌往往是虚实结合的,只有实写会拘泥呆板,只有虚写会轻飘空泛,虚实相融合才能既具体又给人丰富的联想空间。

《致云雀》是雪莱抒情诗中的珍品。云雀是一种黄褐色小鸟,筑巢在地面,清晨升入高空,入夜而还,有边飞边鸣的习性。19 世纪英国诗人们经常吟咏云雀。在雪莱之前,著名诗人华兹华斯也写过类似的作品,但当他读到雪莱的这首

诗时也表示自叹不如。

致云雀(节选)

你好啊,欢乐的精灵! 你似乎从不是飞禽,从天堂或天

堂的邻近,以酣畅淋漓的乐音,不事雕琢的艺术,倾吐

你的衷心。

向上,再向高处飞翔,从地面你一跃而上,像一片烈火

的轻云,掠过蔚蓝的天心,永远歌唱着飞翔,飞翔着歌

唱。

地平线下的太阳,放射出金色的电光,暗空里霞蔚云

蒸,你沐浴着明光飞行,似不具形体的喜悦刚开始迅疾

的远征。

淡淡的紫色黎明,在你航程周围消融,像昼空里的星

星,虽然不见形影,却可以听得清你那欢乐的强音。

那犀利无比的乐音,

似银色星光的利箭,

它那强烈的明灯,

在晨曦中暗淡,直到难以分辨,却能感觉到就在空间

整个大地和大气,

响彻你婉转的歌喉,

仿佛在荒凉的黑夜,

你一片孤云背后,明月射出光芒,清辉洋溢宇宙。

江枫译

【赏析】雪莱诗歌的语言简洁、明快、准确而富于音乐性。此处节选的是《致云雀》开头的部分,但也能反映出这样的语言特点。比如本诗格律上每节五句,四短一长,读来朗朗上口;而且通篇所用的字词和意象都很平易,没有晦涩的语句。在小小的云雀身上,雪莱以饱满的激情寄托了他自己的追求和理想。他那卓越的才华和丰沛的感情就像点睛之笔,使这首诗充满了感染力。

(三)

《秋颂》作于1819 年9 月,是济慈的名作。济慈当时已经患了肺病,年轻的生命正在消逝,心爱的弟弟也刚刚去世不久,但乐观的济慈仍然用他热情的笔触抒发他对大自然的热爱,对生活的热爱,对一切富于生命力的东西的热爱。这首诗中,济慈富有创意地把秋天拟人化,并用第二人称跟他说话,描绘的画面温暖美好。

秋颂

雾气洋溢、果实圆熟的秋,你和成熟的太阳成为友伴;你们密谋用累累的珠球

缀满茅屋檐下的葡萄藤蔓;使屋前的老树背负着苹果,让熟味透进果实的心中,使葫芦胀大,鼓起了榛子壳,好塞进甜核;又为了蜜蜂一次一次开放过迟的花朵,使它们以为日子将永远暖和,

呵,春日的歌哪里去了? 但不要想这些吧,你也有你的音乐 当波状的云把将逝的一天映照, 以胭红抹上残梗散碎的田野, 这时呵,河柳下的一群小飞虫 就同奏哀音,它们忽而飞高, 忽而下落,随着微风的起灭; 篱下的蟋蟀在歌唱;在园中 红胸的知更鸟就群起呼哨; 而群羊在山圈里高声咩叫; 丛飞的燕子在天空呢喃不歇。

――查良铮译 《秋颂》是济慈晚期的作品,它被许多评论家认为是济慈最成熟的作品。这 首诗写于1819年9月,那时正值秋天。济慈常到温彻斯特近郊田野去散步。 他在致友人

的一封信中说:“现在这季节多美一一空气多好,爽利而适度。真的, 不开玩笑,确是适中的气候一一暗蓝的天空

一一我从没像现在这样喜欢收割以后的 田地一一是啊,胜

过春天的冷绿。布满麦茬儿的田地看起来很温暖一一就像有些画 看上去很温暖一样。这些我星期天散步时给了我深刻的印象,于是我就写了它。你一 定也写过赞美秋天的文章吧,看到这首绝美的秋季颂歌你是不是也赞叹诗人的文采 呢?其中将“秋”拟人化的写法和第二人称的口吻都是值得我们学习的写作技巧。

课后习题

1 ?拜伦、雪莱和济慈都是 1 9世纪—国 ___________________ 流派的先锋诗人,其中 拜伦的代表作有 ___________ 、 ____________ 等,雪莱的代表作是 _____________ 、因为夏季早填满它们的粘巢。 谁不经常看见你伴着谷仓?

在田野里也可以把你找到,

你有时随意坐在打麦场上,

让发丝随着簸谷的风轻飘;

有时候,为罂粟花香所沉迷, 你倒卧在收割一半的田垄,

让镰刀歇在下一畦的花旁;

或者,像拾穗人越过小溪,

你昂首背着谷袋,投下倒影, 或者就在榨果架下坐几点钟, 你耐心瞧着徐徐滴下的酒浆。 【赏析】

_______________ ,济慈的代表作是 ______________

2 ?《我看过你哭》中,诗人是怎样运用虚实结合的手法描写少女的哭与笑的?

3.请把《秋颂》的第二段改写成一段以“秋大爷”为主人公的优美的记叙文

4.搜索江枫译版的《致云雀》的全诗,朗读两遍,体会一下诗作的音乐美,再将你最喜欢的一段抄写下来。

5 ?外国诗歌一般一首诗会有很多个翻译版本,不同译者的翻译会不可避免地带上个人的语言风格,请找来《我看过你哭》的英文原诗和另外至少一种译本,借助字典读读原诗,然后再读读不同的译本,说说你最喜欢哪个版本的翻译。

作业得分:

教师评语:

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。

英国文学史作品作者

Geoffrey Chaucer: the legend of good women 良妇传说the house of fame 名誉堂 the parliament of fowls 百鸟会Troilus and Cressie 特罗勒斯与克莱西 the Canterbury tales 坎特伯雷故事集 Thomas More Utopia Edmund Spenser the fairy queen William Shakespeare four great tragedies: Hamlet Othello king Lear Macbeth Four great comedies: the merchant of Venice a midsummer night’s dream twelfth night 第十二夜as you like it 皆大欢喜 Francis Bacon the advancement of learning 学术的进展the Novum Organum 求学之新器the De Augmentis 新工具essays 随笔Maxims of the Law 法律准则 Reading on the Stature of Uses 谈使用法则Of Studies 论读书 John Donne the flea 跳蚤 John Milton paradise lost 失乐园 John Bunyan the pilgrim’s progress 天路历程 John Dryden all for love an essay of dramatic poesy Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记 Jonathan swift a tale of a tub 木桶的故事the battle of books 书战 a modest proposal 一个小小的建议Gulliver’s travels 格列佛游记 William Blake poetical sketches 诗歌札记songs of innocence 天真之歌 Songs of experience 经验之歌prophecies 预言the lamb the chimney sweeper The marriage of heaven and hell 天堂与地狱的婚姻 Robert burns a red red rose auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长 William Wordsworth lines composed a few miles above tinterm abbey 丁登寺 The prelude 序曲the excursion 漫游sonnets 十四行诗 I wandered lonely as a cloud composed upon Westminster bridge She dwelt among the untrodden ways 她在人迹罕至的路边 The solitary reaper 孤独的割麦女 Samuel Taylor Coleridge the rime of the ancient mariner 古舟子咏 Christabel 克里斯塔贝尔Kubla khan 忽必烈汗 George Gordon Byron childe Harold’s pilgrimage 恰尔德哈罗德游记Cain 该隐 Don Juan 唐璜she walks in beauty when a man hath no freedom to fight for at home Percy Bysshe Shelley queen Mab 麦布女王the Cenci 钦契Prometheus unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯ode to the west wind in defense of poetry 诗辩 John Keats on first looking into Champman’s homer 初读查普曼译荷马史诗 Endymion 恩底弥翁ode to a nightingale ode to a Grecian um 希腊古瓮颂 Lamia, Isabella, the eve of st. Agnes, and other poems 女妖、伊莎贝尔、圣爱尼节前夜及其他Jane Austen sense and sensibility 理智与情感pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见persuasion 劝导Emma 艾玛Mansfield park 曼斯菲尔德庄园Northanger abbey 诺桑觉寺 Charles Dickens sketches by boz 博兹札记Pickwick papers 匹克威克外传Oliver twist 奥利弗退斯特Nicholas nickleby 尼古拉斯尼克贝old curiosity shop 老古玩店 Bamaby rudge 巴纳比拉奇American notes 旅美札记martin chuzzlewit 马丁朱兹尔维特A Christmas carol 圣诞颂歌the chimes 钟声the cricked 炉边的蟋蟀dombey and son 董贝父子David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔bleak house 荒凉山庄hard times 艰难时世Little dorrit 小杜丽 a tale of two cities 双城记great expectations 远大前程

《英美文学资料》word版

《英美文学》(03119)复习大纲 第一部分英国文学 一、课程简介 本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家; 本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点,出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品;并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力,即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。 二、课程重点章节简介: 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学 1. <<贝尔武夫>> 2. 乔叟及其代表作 第二章: 文艺复兴时期 1. 文艺复兴的定义 2. 萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗 3. 培根的代表作 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学 1.弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<

失乐园>>选短

第四章: 启蒙运动时期 1.新古典主义 2.伤感主义 3.笛福及代表作 4.蒲伯及代表作 第五章: 浪漫主义时期 1.浪漫主义时期文学的特点 2.彭斯的创作特点及代表作 3.华兹华斯的创作特点及代表作 4.拜伦诗歌的特点及代表作 第六章: 维多利亚时期 1.维多利亚时期的文学特点 2.布朗蒂姐妹的代表作 第七章: 现代时期 1.现代主义文学 2.汤姆斯.哈代创作特点及代表作 3. D.H.劳伦斯创作特点及代表作 三、本课程重点和难点内容简介 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学: 1.<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。

2.乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。3.名词解释“骑士抒情诗” 第二章: 文艺复兴时期: 1.文艺复兴时期的时间界定 2.“文艺复兴”的名词解释 3.“人文主义” 的名词解释 4.莎士比亚的“Sonnet 18”的主题 5.哈姆雷特的性格分析 6.英语解释《论学习》中的句子 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学: 1.英语解释弥尔顿《失乐园》选段中的句子 2.《失乐园》的主要内容和意义 3.《失乐园》中撒旦的人物分析 第四章: 启蒙运动时期: 1.启蒙运动时期的界定 2.新古典主义的基本主张和特色 3.伤感主义的名词解释 4.《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的人物分析 5.蒲伯的《论批评》的主题

大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)

英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中,文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响,文学内部遵循自身规律,历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学(约5世纪-1485) 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样,不是书面的,而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传,并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展,最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶,盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中,最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf),它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事,具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说,随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国,现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的,当时,不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此,《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌,呈现出新旧生活方式的混合,兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想,体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年,居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡,征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后,封建等级制度得以加强和完备,法国文化占据主导地位,法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇,流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,1375-1400)以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材,歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德,是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情,是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后,英国资本主义工商业发展较快,市民阶级兴起,英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉,社会各阶层普遍使用英语,为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343-1400)的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索,通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事,勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行,即五步抑扬格双韵体,对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献,被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美,流畅自然,他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平,推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期-17世纪初) 相对于欧洲其他国家来说,英国的文艺复兴起始较晚,通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义,它主张以人为本,反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观,提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More, 1478-1535)是英国最主要的早期人文主义者,他的《乌托邦》(Utopia)批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会,设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词,但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河,这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》(The New Atlantis)、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》(Gulliver's Travels)、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》(Erewhon)一直延续到20世纪

(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档

英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

英国文学史

Charlotte Bronte 24 Charlotte’s works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life. In her mind, man’s life is composed of perpetual battle between sin and virtue, good and evil. Besides, she is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. On one hand, she presents a vivid realistic picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty, hypocrisy and other evils of the upper classes, and by showing the misery and suffering of the poor. On the other hand, her writings are marked throughout by an intensity of vision and of passion. Idylls of the King 53 Idyll is a short poem describing an incident of country life in terms of idealized innocence and contentment, or any such episode in a poem or prose work. The term is virtually synonymous with pastoral poem. The title of Tennyson’s Idylls of the King, a sequence of Arthurian romance, bears little relation to the usual meaning. The Ring and the Book 64 The publication of the Ring and the Book established Browning’s position as one of the greatest English poets. My Last Duchess 63 Dramatic monologue is a kind of poem in which a single fictional or historical character other than the poet speaks to a silent “ audience” of one or more persons. Such poems reveal not the poet’s own thoughts but the mind of the impersonated character, whose personality is revealed unwittingly. It is in Browning’s hands that this poetic form reaches its maturity and perfection. “ Pippa Passes”, “ My Last Duchess,”The Bishuop Orders His Tomb”, “ The Ring and the Book” What does Wordsworth’s poem “ the Solitary Reaper” tell us about Romanticist? 1To romanticists. Poetry i s an expression of an individual’s feelings and experiences no matter how fragmentary and momentary these feelings and experiences are. 2 Romanticists take delight only in sound effect, the theme of a work is not their concern. 3Romanticists are not patient people; they would leave before the revelation of the theme. 4 Poetry should present the apparent and tangible. 2. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron and Keats are the major poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as _______. A. the poetic romance B. the poetic movement C. the poetic revolution D. the poetic reformation 4. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except __________. the using of everyday language spoken by the common people the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings the humble and rustic life as subject matter elegant wording and inflated figures of speech

英 国 文 学

Lecture2:Old English Literature(Before1066) I.Historical Background II.Old English Poetry III.Beowulf I.Historical Background (see textbook) I.1Old English period(449-1066) I.1.1The early inhabitants:Celts I.1.2England was conquered by the Jutes,Angles,and Saxons(different tribes of Teutons) I.1.3Angle-land:shortened into England I.1.4The Old English language:also called Anglo-Saxon or Saxon which was spoken from A.D.600to about1100. II.Old English Poetry II.1The literature:pagan and Christian II.1.1Poets:Caedmon:Paraphrase of the Bible Cynewulf:four poems but nothing remains. II.1.2Other poems:Genesis A:Genesis B II.1.3Prose Anglo-Saxon Chronicle III.Beowulf III.1Brief introduction Form:poetry Author:anonymous Type:English epic Time:about6th-7th century Place:in Denmark Setting:Scandinavia Main Characters:Beowulf:the hero; Hrothgar:King of the Danes Story or Plot:3182lines,3parts The poem can be divided into three parts: The fight against Grendel The fight against Grendel's mother The fight against the Dragon III.2Artistic features III.2.1Sound:no end rhyme,but alliteration III.2.2Rhythm:Each half-line has two main beats and each half-line is joined to the other by alliteration. III.2.3Meter:rising meter III.2.4Tone:originally in an oral form,sung by the bards. III.2.5Alliteration and understatement Alliteration and Understatement&metaphors Alliteration Of men he was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest,keenest to praise.

英国文学史资料汇编

I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey Geoffery Chaucer杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400 ( 首创“ 双韵体” ,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden )称其为“ 英国诗歌之父” 。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的,广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A ) A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③< The House of Fame>声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form:Romance(传奇故事) Famous three:King Arthur Sir Gawain and the GreenKnight Beowulf II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 16th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. It is a revival of classical( Greek and Roman) arts and sciences. The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. Edmund Spense r埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599 (后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey 12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous f or “the poet’s poet”? ( B ) A. Spenser’s idealism B. his struggle for criteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth) The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithful loves”.Artistic features: Using Spenserian Stanza

英国文学参考资料

1.The Norman Conquest brought the body of customs and ideals known as ___________ into England. 1.诺曼的战胜带来了即是的关税和理想的身体___________进入英国之内。 A.chivalry 一。骑士精神 B.feudalism 封建制度 C.Christianity 。基督教 D.capitalism资本主义 2. Being one of the forerunners of ____________, Chaucer praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. 作为先驱之一____________, 乔叟称赞男人的精力,智力、快的机智和生活的爱。 一。人性 B。写实主义 C。现代作风 D。浪漫精神 A. humanism B. realism C. modernism D. romanticism 3.The keynote of English Renaissance was ____________. 3.英国文艺复兴的主调音是____________. 一。人性 B。改革 C。附件运动 D。恢复 A.Humanism B.reformation C.Enclosure movement D.Restoration 4.When Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth, he mainly relied on ___________. 4.当莎士比亚写信给李尔王的时候和马克白,他主要地仰赖__________ _. 一。意大利故事 B。Holinshed 年代记 C。高贵希腊人的生命和罗马人 D。丹麦的事件 A.Italian stories

英国文学史及作品选读

英国文学史及作品选读 (模拟试题二) Ⅰ. Multiple Choice(1′×20=20分) 1.______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity.

英国文学史名词解释

1. Ballad(民谣) A ballad originally is a song intended as an accompaniment to a dance or a popular song. In the relatively recent sense, now most widely used, a ballad is a single, spirited poem in short stanzas, in which some popular story is graphically narrated. The ingredients of ballads usually include a refrain, stock descriptive phrases, and simple, terse dialogue. 2. Alliteration(头韵) It refers to a repeated initial consonant to successive words and it is the most striking feature in its poetic form. In alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound. There are generally 4 accents in a line, three of which show alliteration, and it is the initial sound of the third accented syllable that normally determiners the alliteration. In old English verse, alliteration is not an unusual or expressive phenomenon but a regular recurring structural feature of the verse. 3. Sonnet (十四行诗) It is a poem of 14 lines (of 11 syllables in Italian and 10 in English), typically in rhymed iambic pentameter. Sonnets characteristically express a single theme or idea. The sonnet was introduced to England by Sir T. Wyatt and developed Henry Howard (Earl of Surrey) and was thereafter widely used notably in the sonnet sequences of Shakespeare, Sidney, and Spenser. 4. Tragedy(悲剧) The word is applied broadly to dramatic works in which events move to a fatal or disastrous conclusion. It is concerned with the harshness and apparent injustice of life. Often the hero falls from power and his eventual death leads to the downfall of others. The tragic action arouses feelings of awe in the audience. 5. Lyric(抒情诗) As a genre, it was the tradition of popular song flourishing in all the medieval literatures of Western Europe. In England lyric poems flourished in the Middle English period, and in the 16th century, heyday of humanism. This tradition was enriched by the direct imitation of ancient models. During the next 200 years the links between poetry and music was gradually broken, and the term “lyric” came to be applied to short poems expressive of a poet’s thoughts or feelings. 6. Epic(史诗) It is a poem that celebrates in the form of a continuous narrative the achievements of one or more heroic personages of history or tradition. Among the great epics of the world may be mentioned the Iliad, Odyssey, Aeneid, and Paradise Lost. 7. Renaissance(文艺复兴) The word “renaissance” means rebirth or revival. It is commonly applied to the movement or period of great flowering of art, architecture, politics, and the study of literature, usually seen as the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern worn world. It came about under the influence of Greek and Roman models. It began in Italy in the late 14th century, reached the highest development in the early 16th century, and spread to the rest of Europe in the 15th century and afterwards. Its emphasis was humanist: that is , on regarding the human figure and reason without a necessary relating of it to the superhuman.

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