非谓语动词的时态和语态问题
非谓语动词的时态和语态

非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语成分,通常以动词原形或动词的其他非限定形式呈现的动词。
非谓语动词的时态和语态主要根据上下文确定,本文将详细介绍非谓语动词的时态和语态的使用。
一、非谓语动词的时态1. 不定式:不定式作为非谓语动词形式,不受时态的限制,通常表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如:- To understand English well, one must practice every day.(为了能够很好地理解英语,人们必须每天练习。
)- I forgot to buy milk on the way home.(我从没想到,在回家的路上忘了买牛奶。
)2. 现在分词:现在分词作为非谓语动词形式,通常表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或一般性的动作。
例如:- Walking along the street, I noticed a small cafe.(在街上走的时候,我注意到了一家小咖啡馆。
)- The teacher was talking to the students, explaining the new lesson.(老师正在和学生们谈话,解释新的课程。
)3. 过去分词:过去分词作为非谓语动词形式,通常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成的动作。
例如:- Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play.(孩子做完作业后,出去玩了。
)- The injured man was taken to the hospital, accompanied by his family.(受伤的人被他的家人陪同着送到了医院。
)二、非谓语动词的语态非谓语动词的语态主要包括主动语态和被动语态,具体如下:1. 不定式的语态:不定式的语态通常与主句的语态保持一致。
例如:- She wants to be promoted.(她想要升职。
非谓语动词解题策略三步法3-语态与时态的确定原则

D. 完成进行式
在非谓语动词中,只有不定式存在完成进行主动式。其表示不定式所表示的动 作/状态一直延续到句中谓语动词所表示的动作(记作符号“→∣”)。如: She is said to have been living abroad these years. 据说这些年来他一直在国外生活。
非谓语动词解题策略之三步法
B. 当非谓语动词在句中作定语时,应考虑非谓语动词和所修饰n./pron.之间的 关系;
C. 当非谓语动词在句中作宾语补足语时,应考虑非谓语动词和宾语之间的关系;
非谓语动词解题策略之三步法
第三讲非谓语动词语态时态的确定原则
Ⅱ. 非谓语动词 时态的确定原则
非谓语动词的时态是指谓语动词所表示的动作或状态与主要动词(谓语动词)所表示 的动作或状态比较时,两者在发生时间上的先后关系。 A. 一般式 1. 不定式 a. 表示经常性动作/状态或没有明确的先后关系。如: To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 She hates to be flattered. 她不喜欢被奉承。
Ⅰ. 非谓语动词语态的确定原则
非谓语动词的语态是指非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。一般地,如果二 者是主谓关系,则非谓语动词用主动式,如果二者是动宾关系,则非谓语动词 使用被动式。 非谓语动词的逻辑主语与其句法功能相关,一般地,
A. 当非谓语动词在句中作表语、宾语、主语补足语和状语时,应考虑非谓语 动词和句子主语的关系;
初中英语非谓语动词的时态和语态

非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词的时态和语态形式一、非谓语动词的时态(不含过去分词)一般式:非谓语动词的一般式表示的动作可以与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前或之后。
I saw he go out/going out.He stood there crying.He insisted on joining the army.Thank you for giving us so much help.完成式:非谓语动词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前I am sorry to have kept you waiting.He was praised for having taught for 60 years.Having finished the work he went home.不定式的完成式和完成进行式:只有动词不定式有这两种时态。
其进行式表示的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生;其完成进行式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前一直进行。
They seems to be getting along well now.We’re happy to have been working with you.二、非谓语动词的语态(不含过去分词)一般被动式I’m glad to be invited here.He did it without being asked.The building being built is our school.The book is said to have been translated into chinese.It’ said that 据说…sb./sth. be said to do sth.据说某人某物…She has no memory of having been praised.The plan having been made, he carried it out at once.。
非谓语动词知识点总结

非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,接下来是小编为您整理的非谓语动词知识点总结,希望对您有所帮助。
I.概述1.基本形式的变化:不定式:时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been builtJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主动态)He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态) He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)v-ing形式时态主动态被动态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done注意:不及物动词没有被动式动名词I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) (= I am sure that he will come in time)He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) (= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.)I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态) (= I am confident that he have passed the exam.)He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)现在分词He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)2.所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式现在分词△ △△△动名词△△△ △不定式△△△△△△过去分词△ △△△注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用

非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用1. 引言非谓语动词是指在句子中作为动词主语、宾语、定语或状语的动词形式,它不具备时态和语态的变化。
本文将探讨非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用。
2. 非谓语动词的时态非谓语动词的时态由谓语动词的时态决定,主要分为三种:一般式、完成式和进行式。
2.1 一般式一般式表示动作或状态的普遍性、客观真实性或习惯性。
常见的一般式非谓语动词有不定式、动名词和现在分词。
2.1.1 不定式不定式用于表示将来的动作或状态,也可用于表示目的、原因、结果等。
例如:- To study hard is important for students.(学生努力学习是重要的。
)- I need to finish my homework.(我需要完成作业。
)2.1.2 动名词动名词表示具体的、正在进行的动作或状态。
例如:- Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有好处。
)- I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。
)2.1.3 现在分词现在分词表示被动或进行的动作或状态。
例如:- The boy standing there is my brother.(站在那儿的男孩是我的弟弟。
)- The book written by him is famous.(由他写的那本书很有名。
)2.2 完成式完成式表示动作已经完成或发生在谓语动词之前。
常见的完成式非谓语动词有完成式不定式、完成式动名词和过去分词。
2.2.1 完成式不定式完成式不定式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。
例如:- He seems to have forgotten everything.(他似乎忘记了一切。
)- I am glad to have finished the task.(我很高兴完成了任务。
)2.2.2 完成式动名词完成式动名词表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。
例如:- Having studied for two hours, he finally understood the concept.(经过两个小时的学习,他终于理解了这个概念。
非谓语动词的时态和语态问题

非谓语动词的时态和语态问题一、非谓语动词的时态问题不定式或动词的-ing形式(包括现在分词和动名词)的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式,否则就用一般式。
例:1.I don’t know whether you happen________,but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September. (辽宁卷)A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have heard【分析】答案选D。
hear发生在谓语don’t know之前,用不定式的完成式。
句意是:我不知道你是否已经听说过了,今年九月我要去美国学习。
2.The old man,________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江苏卷)A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having worked【分析】答案选D。
work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前,用现在分词的完成式作状语,表示时间,相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。
3.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob,________ out of the window. (四川卷)A. lookingB. to lookC. lookedD. having looked【分析】答案选A。
look out of the window与谓语动词said同时发生,用现在分词的一般式作状语,表示伴随情况。
若表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生,并强调正在进行的情景或持续性,可用进行式。
如:He seems to be reading a newspaper. 他好像在看报。
系统学习语法非谓语动词的时态与语态变化

系统学习语法非谓语动词的时态与语态变化语法非谓语动词是英语中的一个重要语法点,其时态与语态的变化是我们学习英语的基础。
本文将系统介绍语法非谓语动词的时态变化和语态变化,旨在帮助读者更好地理解和运用这一语法知识点。
一、时态变化1. 现在分词(Present Participle)的时态变化现在分词表示正在进行或同时发生的动作,其时态的变化相对简单,即在动词的原形(V1)后加-ing。
例如:- 我现在在读书。
I am reading now.2. 过去分词(Past Participle)的时态变化过去分词表示已经完成的动作或状态,其时态的变化需要根据不同的情况来判断。
- 若是规则动词,则在动词的原形(V1)后加-ed。
例如:- 我昨天洗了衣服。
I washed the clothes yesterday.- 若是不规则动词,则需要根据动词的不规则变化形式进行变化。
例如:- 我吃了晚饭。
I have eaten dinner.3. 动词不定式(Infinitive)的时态变化动词不定式表示目的或未来的动作,其时态的变化相对简单,即在动词的原形(V1)前加to。
例如:- 我打算明天去购物。
I plan to go shopping tomorrow.二、语态变化语态是英语中的一个重要语法点,包括主动语态和被动语态。
在非谓语动词中,语态的变化需要根据时态来确定。
1. 主动语态(Active Voice)的语态变化主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,变化相对简单,即保持非谓语动词的原形形式。
例如:- 我正在听音乐。
I am listening to music.2. 被动语态(Passive Voice)的语态变化被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,变化需要根据不同的时态来确定。
- 现在分词的被动语态变化为:be + being + 过去分词例如:- 她正在被教授指导。
She is being taught by the professor.- 过去分词的被动语态变化为:be + 过去分词例如:- 他被邀请参加宴会。
非谓语动词时态和语态的结构及短语

非谓语动词时态和语态的结构1. 不定式有哪些时态和语态呢?主动被动一般时to do to be done进行时to be doing 无完成时to have done to have been done 完成进行式to have been doing 无2. 动名词的时态和语态主动被动一般时doing being done完成时having done having been done 3. 分词的时态和语态主动被动现在分词一般时doing being done现在分词完成时having done having been done 过去分词无done中考英语非谓语动词总结一.接动词不定式(to do/ do sth)1. do nothing but do sth除了做某事外不做任何事2. be supposed to do sth应该做某事;被期望干某事3. Let's (not ) do sth4.want to do sth5.want sb to do sth7.ask sb (not ) to do sth8.stop to do sth停下来去做某事9.tell sb (not ) to do sth10.watch sb do sth观察某人做某事11.It's time (for sb) to do sth到了该去做某事的时间12.help sb (to ) do sth13.help do sth14.make sb do sth15.decide (not ) to do sth决定做某事16.find it +adj + to do sth17.have to do sth必须做某事18.try (not ) to do sth尽力做某事19.try one's best to do sth尽某人最大能力做某事20.It's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth21.plan to do sth计划去做某事22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间24.send sb to do sth派某人做某事25.invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事26.forget to do sth忘记要去做某事27.live to be +时间活到…28.be able to do sth能够做某事29.have sth to do 有事要做30.seem to do sth似乎做;好像31.get sb /sth to do sth32.疑问词+ to do sth33.need sth to do sth需要……做某事e sth to do sth用某物来做某事35.follow sb to dosth跟随某人做某事36.need to do sth需要做某事37.a good time to do sth做某事的好时候38.the best time to do sth 做某事的最好时间39.the best way to do sth做某事最好的方法40.be the first / last one to do sth最后一个或者第一个(人或事吧)去做某事41.would like to do sth想要做某事42.be excited /surprised to do sth对做某事感到兴奋43.be useful to do sth有助于做某事44.be allowed to do sth被允许做某事45.allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事46.It's better to do sth干某事比较好47.It's best to do sth48.take care (not) to do sth小心(不要)做某事49.see sb do sth看见某人做了某事50.why not do sth ?51.have enough time to do sth有足够的时间干某事52.too…to do sth太…以至于不能53.not…enough to do sth 不-----足够做某事54.encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事55.choose to do sth选择做某事56.wait to do sth等着做某事57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth高兴做某事58.make it +adj + to do sth59.be careful to do sth小心做某事60.be afraid to do sth害怕去做某事61.It's our duty to do sth做某事是我们的责任ed to do sth过去常做某事63.can't afford to do sth不能担负起干某事64.make a decision to do sth决定做某事65.have an opportunity to do sth有做某事的机会66.wait for sb to do sth等待某人做某事67.would do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事不愿做某事68.would rather do sth than do sth宁愿做某事不愿做某事69.hurry to do sth匆忙去做某事70.refuse to do sth拒绝干某事71.agree to do sth同意干某事72.pretend to do sth假装做某事73.pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事74.prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事75.prefer not to do sth76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth77.be willing to do sth乐意去做某事78.volunteer +时间/ 钱+ to do sth79.volunteer to do sth自愿去做某事80.offer to do sth提出要做…81.rush to do sth赶着做某事82.in order (not ) to do sth为了做某事83.be certain to do sth一定做…84.be sure to do sth一定会做某事85.make plans to do sth制定计划做某事86.go out of one’s way to do sth特别费心地(为某人)做某事87.lead sb to do sth致使某人做某事88. warn sb to do sth警告某人做某事89.It's one's turn to do sth该轮到某人做某事90.urge sb to do sth敦促某人做某事91.Could /Would you please (not) do sth ? 请你(不要)做某事好吗?92.it is great fun to do sth做…很有趣二、接动名词(doing sth)1.like doing sth3.have great fun doing sth做…玩得很高兴4.be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣5.Thanks for doing sth感谢某人做某事6.look at sb doing sth看到某人做某事7.stop sb doing sth阻止某人做某事8.stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事9.go + v-ing10.do the (some )+v-ing11.What/How doing sth ?12.practice doing sth练习做某事13.watch sb doing sth观察某人正在做某事14.find sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事15.mind (one's ) doing sth介意(某人)做某事。
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非谓语动词的时态和语态问题
一、非谓语动词的时态问题
不定式或动词的-ing形式(包括现在分词和动名词)的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式,否则就用一般式。
例:
1.I don’t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September. (辽宁卷)
A. to be heard
B. to be hearing
C. to hear
D. to have heard
【分析】答案选D。
hear发生在谓语don’t know之前,用不定式的完成式。
句意是:我不知道你是否已经听说过了,今年九月我要去美国学习。
2.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江苏卷)
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
【分析】答案选D。
work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前,用现在分词的完成式作状语,表示时间,相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。
3.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. (四川卷)
A. looking
B. to look
C. looked
D. having looked
【分析】答案选A。
look out of the window与谓语动词said同时发生,用现在分词的一般式作状语,表示伴随情况。
若表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生,并强调正在进行的情景或持续性,可用进行式。
如:
He seems to be reading a newspaper. 他好像在看报。
二、非谓语动词的语态问题
当不定式或动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语是主动关系,用主动式;是被动关系,用被动式。
如:Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. (全国卷)
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taking
【分析】答案选A。
句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系,“被带去看戏”发生在“想(should lo ve=want)”后,所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。
说明:
①动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义的情况:在作表语或宾补的形容词后用状语时;作定语修饰have, there be, this / that / these / those be等后面的名词或代词时;作表语的to blame等。
如:
1.The text is difficult to learn. 这篇课文很难学。
(to learn主动表被动)
2.We found the text difficult to learn. 我们觉得这篇课文很难学。
(to learn主动表被动)
3.He was to blame for that. 他因此受到了责备。
(作表语的to blame主动表被动)
4.I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ (上海卷)
A. to be buying
B. to buy
C. for buying
D. bought
【分析】答案选B。
表示“有…要…”,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
②need, want和require表示“需要”,主语通常是物时,后面除用不定式的被动式外,也可用-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动。
如:
There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ________ road condition s need ________. (上海卷)
A. that; to be improved
B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving
D. when; improving
【分析】答案选A。
need improving=need to be improved。
that引导的从句与problem是同位语。