EIGHT STRUCTURES -LIHANG西南大学博士英语考试资料,不是入学考试,是已经入学的期末考试。。

一、八种易错句子结构（李航）pleteness in Structure1)How to operate the computer?(口语中可以，但writing中错误)——How should the computer be operated?——Do you know how to operate the computer?2)Because he hadn’t finished his assignment, so he continued working in theclassroom.——delete because 并列句——delete so 复合句3)The old man returning home after eight years ’ absence to find that all theneighbors he had known were no longer there.——returnin g→returned——to find→found4)Mark Twain whose experience as a sailor on the Mississippi provided him withabundant materials for the novels he was to write.——whose→’s2.The right subject1)On entering the classroom, the students stood up and said, “Good morning!”——When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up and said, “Good morning!”——The teacher was greeted by the students, who stood up stood up and said, “Good morning!”2)Returning home after work, supper waiting for him in the kitchen.——Returning home after work, he saw/found supper waiting for him.3)After finishing her composition, the translation exercise was taken up. ——After finishing her composition, she took up the translation exercise.4)Hurrying to the conference room, no one was there.——Hurrying to the conference room, he/she found no one was there.5)To look at the map, the important of the new railway was seen.——To look at the map, you may see the important of the new railway.3.Agreement between the subject and the predicate verb1)His whole family is/are here with him.(are)2)The majority of the students taking this exam are girls.(majority of +名词复数，谓语aremajority of +不可数名词，谓语is)3)The cattle belong to to that ranch. (cattle, police, people等集合名词，谓语复数)4)There is an enormous audience in the hall.5)The audience were shocked by the scenes of violence in the film.6)There is an old man and three young men.7)Either you or I am to take up the work.（后一个主语，决定谓语单复数）8)Where I can put all there is a problem.(主语从句，谓语单数)例外，What引导主从，其谓语由宾语单复数决定。

What I know are only 3 meals a day.4.Clear Pronoun Reference1)Leave out the word in that sentence because it is too difficult.——Leave out the difficult word in that sentence.——Leave out the word because with it the sentence is too difficult.2)She told my sister that her idea was practicable.——She told my sister that her own idea was practicable.——She told my sister that my sister’s idea was practicable.3)She put many toys into her bag, which she was to give to children in thekindergarten.——She put her bag many toys, which she was to give to children in the kindergarten.4)He is the man recommended by Mr. Smith who knows how to fix cars.——He is the man recommended by Mr. Smith, and knows how to fix cars. ——He is the man recommended by Mr. Smith to fix cars.5.Ending Sentences with Full StopsI set out for the biggest bookstore in town, at the school gate I saw a girl of my class, she was going there, too, we decided to go together, we walked, the bookstore was not far away.6.Joining Clauses with Conjunctions1)She enjoys listening to pop music, however her sister doesn’t like it.——She enjoys listening to pop music, but her sister doesn’t like it.——She enjoys listening to pop music; her sister doesn’t like it.——She enjoys listening to pop music;however her sister doesn’t like it. however adv. 不能做连接词2)The planes for the building are not yet ready, therefore the construction can’tstart very soon.——The planes for the building are not yet ready, so the construction can’t start very soontherefore adv.7.Proper Use of Comparisons1)He is a better student. 不能用better2)This text is easier. 错3)Her English is much better than I.——Her English is much better than mine4)The language of Henry James is more elaborate than Ernest Hemingway. ——The language of Henry James is more elaborate than that of Ernest Hemingway.8.Correct Use of the tenses1)We have revised our work plan last night.——We revised our work plan last night2)They changed their timetable and they are working according to it.——They changed their timetable and they were working according to it.3)We are going to the Great Wall. Did you ever go there?——We are going to the Great Wall. Have you ever been there?4)He has been a friend of mine for a few years, but we are no longer in touch. ——He was a friend of mine for a few years, but we are no longer in touch. ——He has been a friend of mine for a few years, and we are still in touch.意思改变5)He visited all the historical monuments he wanted to see for a long time. ——He visited all the historical monuments he had wanted to see for a long time.6)She was appointed principal of the school because she studied education andtaught for many years.——She was appointed principal of the school because she had studied education and taught for many years.二、句式1.simple sentencepound sentenceplex sentence4.participial/Infinitive Phase +sentence例子1：原文：I waked up at 6:30. I thought I was late. I washed quickly. Then I went into the kitchen. I found something to eat. I finished eating in a few minutes. I took my bike and hurried out. I rode very fast along the streets. Soon I was at the school gate. But it was closed. Then I realized that it was Saturday.修改版1：I waked up at 6:30. Thinking that I would be late for school, I washed quickly, went into the kitchen, and found something to eat. Then I hurried out with my bike. I rode as fast as I could along the streets, and soon got to the school gate, but it was closed. Only then did I realize that it was Saturday.修改版2：It was already 6:30 when I waked up. Thinking that I would be late for school, I washed and ate something in a hurry, got on my bike and set outfor school. On the streets I rode as fast as I could, and in no time I was at the school gate, only to find it closed. Then I remembered that it was Saturday.例子2：版本一：长句It is good that we produce energy and use machinery to take the burden of work from our shoulders, to warm us and cool us, go give us light, to transport us, and to make the things we eat, wear, and use. It is bad that in the process we pollute the world and make rivers and streams poisonous and birds dying for lack of food. A noxious cloud is hanging over our cities that burns our lungs and reddens our eyes. Today pollution is a problem that draws the attention of all people, and effective measures are being taken to tackle it, so the day will come when production is not accompanied by pollution.版本二：长短句结合It is good that we produce energy and use machinery to take the burden of work from our shoulders, to warm us and cool us, go give us light, to transport us, and to make the things we eat, wear, and use. It is bad that in the process we pollute the world. Rivers and streams are becoming poisonous and lifeless. Birds are dying for lack of food. A noxious cloud is hanging over our cities that burns our lungs and reddens our eyes. Today pollution is a problem that draws the attention of all people, and effective measures are being taken to tackle it. The day will come when production is not accompanied by pollution.版本三：再变It is good that we produce energy and use machinery to take the burden of work from our shoulders, to warm us and cool us, go give us light, to transport us, and to make the things we eat, wear, and use. It is bad that in the process we pollute the world. Rivers and streams are becoming poisonous and lifeless. Birds are dying for lack of food. A noxious cloud is hanging over our cities, burning our lungs and reddening our eyes. Today pollution is drawing the attention of all people, and effective measures are being taken to tackle it. In the near future, production will not be accompanied by pollution.例子3：原文：I like reading novels. They often tell me interesting and moving stories. Some stories are also instructive. They describe good and evil people. They describe the bright side and the dark side of life. They help me distinguish between right and wrong. In this way they have helped me to understand people and life. As a result, I seem to have become wiser.修改版：I like reading novels because they tell interesting and moving stories. Moreover, some stories are instructive. By describing good and evil people, and the bright side and the dark side of life, such stories help me to distinguish between right and wrong, and understand people and life. Reading them has perhaps made me wiser.。