北京理工大学汉硕考研真题考研专业课真题汇总答案整理-育明考研考博
汉硕考研七大名校真题及答案解析-推荐下载
2016年汉硕考研七大名校真题及答案解析一、中国人民大学中国人民大学今年的题目偏重于主观性。
一、分值题型分析专业一：九个大题。
汉语基础知识：填空10小题共20分，选择10小题共20分，名词解释4小题共20分，简答4小题共40分。
汉语应用分析：语音偏误分析1小题共10分，词语辨析(结合偏误)1小题共10分，句式分析1小题共10分，义项分析1小题共10分，文言文翻译一段，共10分。
专业二：七个大题。
中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识：填空10题10分，选择10题30分，名词解释4题20分，简答2题20分;教育学心理学及语言教学基础知识：填空题10题10分，简答2题20分，案例分析40分。
二、真题综合分析专业一部分，共九道题目，整体来讲，考察的主要是现代汉语和部分古代汉语知识。
第一、二两道大题是填空和选择题，总共有20个小题，每题2分，主要考察现代汉语基础知识和古代汉语基础知识，比如(音素)是从音色的角度划分出来的最小语音单位;按照笔顺规则，汉字“乃”的第一笔是(勤思解析：横折折折钩);“不耻下问”中的“耻”是词类活用中的(意动)用法;下列没有歧义的一项是(D)(A进口汽车、B路边种着树、C洗得干净、D咬死了猎人的鸡)。
第三题是名词解释，语流音变、复合词、词类、复句等都是常见的现代汉语词语，采用问什么答什么的形式即可。
简答题考察轻声的作用，分析“死和活、冷和热”两对反义词的不同，从语法、语义角度分析所给的歧义句，分析保留古代汉语特点的语法现象等，掌握基础知识，灵活运用是可以做对的。
应用分析部分是留学生语音偏误分析和汉硕经典试题词语辨析，今年词语辨析是结合留学生的偏误例子分析“了解和理解”的区别，勤思提醒：大家还是按照各自的思路从词性、搭配、语义等方面回答并结合偏误分析的相关知识进行辨析可能会更加全面，另外提醒大家重视举例。
还有两道题目比较灵活，主要是分析所给句式的特点和“花”的义项归纳、各义项关系之间发展演变等，一方面考察大家灵活应变能力，同时也要具备扎实的基础知识。
新版北京理工大学汉语国际教育考研经验考研参考书考研真题
经过一年的努力奋斗终于如愿以偿考到自己期望的学校，在这一年的时间内，我秉持着天将降大任于斯人也必先苦其心志劳其筋骨饿其体肤空乏其身的信念终于熬过了这段难熬却充满期待和自我怀疑的岁月。
可谓是痛并快乐着。
在这期间，我不止一次地怀疑自己有没有可能成功上岸，这样的想法，充斥在我的头脑中太多次，明知不可想这么多，但在休息时，思想放空的时候就会凭空冒出来，难以抵挡。
这对自己的心绪实在是太大的干扰，所以在此想跟大家讲，调整好心态，无论成功与否，付出自己全部的努力，到最后，总不会有那种没有努力过而与成功失之交臂的遗憾。
总之就是，付出过，就不会后悔。
在此，我终于可以将我这一年来的所有欣喜，汗水，期待，惶惑，不安全部写出来，一来是对这一重要的人生转折做一个回顾和告别，再有就是，希望我的这些经验，可以给大家以借鉴的作用。
无论是心态方面，考研选择方面，还是备考复习方面。
都希望可以跟大家做一个深入交流，否则这一年来的各种辛酸苦辣真是难吐难吞。
由于心情略微激动了些，所以开篇部分可能略显鸡汤，不过，认真负责的告诉大家，下面的内容将是满满的干货。
只是由于篇幅过长还望大家可以充满耐心的把它看完。
文章结尾会附赠我的学习资料供各位下载使用。
北京理工大学汉语国际教育的初试科目为：(101)思想政治理论(201)英语一或（203）日语或（244）德语，(354)汉语基础和(445)汉语国际教育基础(354)汉语基础和(445)汉语国际教育基础参考书目为：汉语基础：《现代汉语》，高等教育出版社，增订五版，黄伯荣、廖旭东《语言学纲要》，北京大学出版社，2005版，叶蜚声、徐通锵《古代汉语》，王力著，校订重排本，中华书局汉语国际教育基础：《中国文化要略》程裕祯，1998年版，外语教学与研究出版社。
《对外汉语教学概论》赵金铭主编2013 商务印书馆《跨文化交际学概论》胡文仲《国际汉语教学案例与分析》朱勇有关英语的一些经验大家都说“得阅读者得天下”。
北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解
北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解北京理工大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠReading Comprehension (40 points)Directions：In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of whom there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the MA CHINE-SCORING ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneI was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization compels them to intervene on the side of the marginalized. Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteraciesin learners' first or home languages or dialects and in their orality?Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and re presented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of “sharing, solida rity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings.” Liter acy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of acommunity of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor (1993) describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education text books on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?1．A literacy animator is one who ______.A．struggles for a more meaningful lifeB．frees people from poverty and illiteracyC．is committed to marginalize the illiterateD．is concerned with what is behind illiteracy2．The author suggests that literacy educators in the US in a way ______.A．promote students' home languagesB．force students to accept their cultureC．teach nothing but reading and writingD．consider literacy as of non-neutral nature3．Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to ______.A．teach American customs and ideologyB．make a choice of culture to be fosteredC．reject the values of the dominant classD．help maintain Nigerian language and culture4．According to the author, “choral reading” may represent ______.A．individualism B．collectivismC．competition D．immersion5．Animator ideology emphasizes more on ______.A．the social function of literacyB．students' performance in testsC．the dominant group’s languageD．the attainment of life skillsPassage TwoAccording to one survey of 12,000 people, about 30 percent of those making New Year'sresolutions say they don't even keep them into February. And only about 1 in 5actually stays on track for six months or more, reports ediets．com, a consumer diet and fitness Web site.But don't let those odds make you reach for the nearest bag of potato chips. Experts say you can keep those resolutions long term, even if you're struggling now.“The motivation comes from within, and so when you find that you're declining in your healthy eating program, and then just ask yourself, ‘Is this going to get me the results that I want?',” says Leslie Stewart, a registered dietitian and licensed nutritionist．“And if you're doing something every day to eat heal thy, then that's going to pay off in the long run.”Stewart advises to use what she calls the 90-10 eating rule.“If you're eating healthy 90 percent of the time, then 10 percent of the time, you can cut yourself some slack and eat pleasurably.”She says s he believes that “healthy eating is evolution instead of resolution.”The same principle can be applied to a lagging exercise resolution, too.Staying motivated is key to long-term success, and reviewing original goals can help strengthen a weakening workout program.Adding variety to a fitness regime also can prevent you from hanging up those exercise shoes. After a few weeks of well-intentioned workouts, boredom may be creeping you're your routine.Setting goals too high is another common mistake. “If you're not running a marathon at the end of the month, don't worry,” say Mayo Clinic experts. A too intense workout—and the resulting pain and stiffness—is discouraging and may force most to abandon a pro gram. Starting slowly is key.But if your goals already have fallen by the wayside，Uria says to start up again immediately.“A little setback is OK; get back on the horse and ride...drive toward that goal,” he says.6．According to the author, only about 20% people keeping their resolutions does not necessarily mean that ______.A．the figure is rather depressing and unexpected as wellB．those who have made their resolution should give up their effortC．whoever keep their resolutions should start eating potato chipsD．long-term resolutions are not important for those facing troubles7．What is the idea behind the 90-10 eating rule according to the passage?A．You should keep eating healthy 90% of the time.B．You should feel free to eat 10％of the time.C．You should learn to eat healthy gradually.D．Sudden change will be more efficient and effective.8．Which of the following you should avoid to keep yourself interested in exercise?A．Hanging up your exercise shoes if you feel tired.B．Keeping boredom away from your daily activity.C．Making a schedule with too high goals in it.D．Running a marathon at the beginning of the month.9．How many suggestions at least have been introduced concerning the exercise resolution?A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.10．What is critically important in making long-term resolutions successful?A．You should be struggling with yourself all the time.B．You should constantly evaluate the results you want.C．You should try to keep yourself motivated.D．You should try your best to diversify your fitness practice.Passage ThreeOur present generation of cultural critics, arriving after the assault of postmodernism and the increasingly widespread commercialization of culture, has been cast adrift, with out any firm basis for judgments. Publications and institutions to supportserious criticism, in this view, either no longer exist or are few in number.Critics today, it is also claimed, are too cozy behind the ivied walls of academe, con tent to employ a prose style that is decipherable only to a handful of the cognoscenti. The deadly dive of university critics into the shallow depths of popular culture, moreover, reveals the unwillingness of these critics to uphold standards. Even if the reasons offered are contradictory, these Jeremiahs huddle around their sad conclusion that serious cultural criticism has fallen into a morass of petty bickering and bloated reputations.Such narratives of declension, a staple of American intellectual life since the time of thePuritans, are misplaced, self-serving, and historically inaccurate and difficult to prove. Has the level of criticism declined in the last 50 years? Of course the logic of such an opinion depends on the figures that are being contrasted with one another. Any number of cultural critics thriving today could be invoked to demonstrate that cultural criticism is alive and well.But many new and thriving venues for criticism and debate exist today, and they are not limited solely to the discussion of literary works. Actually, they became so encrusted with their own certitude and political judgments that they became largely irrelevant. Today the complaint is that literary culture lacks civility. We live in an age of commercialism and spectacle. Writers seek the limelight, and one way to bask in it is to publish reviews that scorch the landscape, with Dale Peck as the fatuous, but not a typical, case in point. Heidi Julavits, in an essay in The Believer, lamented the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing. She sur veyed a literary culture that had embraced “snark”, her termfor hostile, self-serving reviews.The snark review, according to Julavits, eschews a serious engagement with literature in favor of a sound-bite approach, an attempt to turn the review into a form of entertainment akin to film reviews or restaurant critiques. A critic found cultural criticism to be in “critical condition.” For him, the postmodern turn to, theory, in its questioning of objectivity, cut the critical, independent ground out from under reviewers. The rise of chain bookstores and blockbuster best sellers demeaned literary culture, making it prey to the commercial values of the market and entertainment.The criticism does not seem discontinuous. Nor should we forget that civility rarely reigned in the circles of New York intellectuals. The art critic Clement Greenberg physically pummeled the theater critic Lionel Abel after Abel rejected the view that Jean Wahl, the French philosopher, was anti-Semitic. Though Robert Peck has the reputation of a literary hatchet man, so far as I know his blows thus far have all been confined to the printed page.Cultural criticism has certainly changed over the years. The old days of the critic who wielded unchallenged authority have happily passed. Ours is a more pluralistic age, one not beholden to a narrow literary culture. The democratization of criticism—as in the Amazon system of readers' evaluating books—is a messy affair, as democracy must be. But the solution to the problems of criticism in the present is best not discovered in the musty basements of nostalgia and sentiment for the cultural criticism of a half-century gone. Rather the solution is to recognize, asJohn Dewey did almost a century ago, that the problems of democracy demand more democracy, less nostalgia for a goldenage that never was, and a spirit of openness to what is new and invigorating in our culture.11．What is the possible connection between cultural critics and publications and institutions?A．Cultural critics attack postmodernism and commercialization cherished by publications and institutions.B．Postmodernism and commercialization are attacked by the serious publications and institutions.C．Cultural criticism is short of judgments and will not exist without the support of publications and institutions.D．Publications and institutions show almost no interest in serious cultural criticism.12．How do the university critics like the serious cultural criticism?A．Cultural criticism is not serious enough when the articles are written in the cozy prose style.B．Popular culture is so prevailing that serious critics are not willing to keep to the shallow standards.C．Serious cultural criticism is full of insignificant quarrels and the public do not real ly trust it.D．Cultural critics have become so serious as to tell the stories imbued with American intellectual Puritanism.13．What is the author's opinion of the current complaint about the literary expansion into the other fields?A．When literary critics discuss issues with political judgments, their views are likely to be meaningless.B．It is reasonable for writers to seek limelight since we are living in the age of com mercialism.C．Critics should be encouraged to write and publish poignant articles which would scorch the landscape.D．It is the critics' responsibility to lament the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing.14．What does “the snark review” refer to according to Heidi Julavits?A．Cultural reviews which are unfriendly and selfish.B．Literary reviews avoiding serious criticism.C．Entertainment reviews in the film industry.D．Postmodern reviews independent of objectivity.15．In order to find a way out the current dilemma for the cultural criticism, the author suggests that ______.A．we should return to the old days when the critics passed their judgments without challengesB．pluralism should be held back, reinforcing the unchallenged authority in the literary criticismC．democratic criticism should not be adopted because it is rather messy as proved in the Amazon systemD．we should encourage more democracy, dismiss nostalgia and cultivate an open attitudePassage FourIn July, almost unnoticed by the national press, a deadly bird virus arrived on a pheasant farm in Surrey. Experts from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) identified Newcastle disease, a virus usually mortal to turkeys and geese but not humans, in a flock of 9,000 pheasant chicks imported from France ahead of the shooting season.Within hours of the diagnosis, veterinary experts had swung into action, throwing up a 3 km exclusion zone around the farm near Cobham and culling 10,000 birds. The carcasses were burned and premises cleaned to stop the virus escaping. It was four weeks before Defra's Veterinary Exotic Diseases Division feltit was safe for poultry movements in the area to resume．This weekend, with the news that H5N1, a far more deadly bird virus, has reached Turkey, similar emergency plans are being readied by officials from Defra and other agencies. The scenario they are preparing for is that the H5N1 virus, which so far has led to the culling of billions of chickens in south-east Asia and 60 human deaths, will soon arrive on these shores.What happens next depends on where the outbreak occurs, whether it can be contained and—most important of all—whether it mutates to become infectious between people. So far, only poultry workers or those directly exposed to chicken faeces or blood are thought to be at risk, though direct human-to-human transmission cannot be ruled out. “Eve ry time a new person getsinfected with the virus there is a small chance that person will trigger a pandemic,” said Neil Ferguson, a scientist at Imperial College, who has been running simulations on what might happen were H5N1 to reach Britain. “It's a v ery small chance, probably 1 in a 1,000, 1 in 10,000 or less. ”Should diseased birds reach Britain, the first step for veterinary officials would be to contain the outbreak as they did with Newcastle disease. An amber alert would be sounded and samples sent to the Veterinary Laboratory Agency (VLA) in Weybridge, Surrey. If Ian Brown, the head of avian virology there, confirms the cause of death as H5N1, the alert level will be raised to red and a whole series of emergency procedures, from quarantine, restriction of poultry movements to culling, will swing into action. Other agencies, such as the Department of Health, the Health Protection Agency and the Ministry of De fence, would be brought into the loop. In the event that theoutbreak cannot be contained, Defra may have to consider mass culling programmes and the possibility of vaccination.At this point, with the risk of the virus spreading to human populations, the Department of Health would appoint a UK national influenza pandemic committee to coordinate the response of hospital trusts and local authorities. The Civil Contingency Secretariat (CCS) of the Cabinet will also be alerted and Cobra, the emergency committee which coordinates Whitehall's response to terrorism, readied for a possible breakdown in civil order.The Department of Health's pandemic preparedness plan published in March envisages as many as 54,000 Britons dying in the first few months of a flu pandemic. But in June, CCS officials warned that that could be an underestimate. The more likely figure, they said, was 700,000—projection the Department of Health is expected to take on board when it updates its pandemic preparedness plan later this month.In the most serious case, officials estimate there would be as many deaths in the 12weeks of an epidemic as there usually are in a year. At the peak of the pandemic, 19,000people would requite hospital beds, prompting councils to requisition schools to accommodate the sick.To treat the dying, the government would begin drawing down its stockpiles of Tamiflu (药名), an anti-viral drug that treats flu. But with only 14 courses, enough for a quarter of the population, likely to be available, sooner or later rationing would have to be imposed, with health professionals and essential civil servants the first in line. The government would also come under pressure to release stores of its precious flu vaccine. At present there are contingency plans for justtwo to three million doses. But there is no guarantee that vaccines which protect against annual human flu strains will also work against H5N1．The consequences hardly bear thinking about. Earlier this year, in a dress rehearsal in the East Midlands codenamed, Operation Arctic Circle, officials quickly concluded that mass mortuaries would be needed to bury the dead. But no one knows whether, in the event of a pandemic, any of these measures will prove effective. John Avizienius, senior scientific officer at the RSPCA and a member of Defra's avian influenza stakeholder group,said: “All you can do is plan for the worst case scenario.”The fear is that wild geese moving from western China to Siberia may have spread the virus to several species of ducks and gulls that briefly visit British shores on their annual migration north. These ducks, many of which may not show signs of illness, may be passing on the virus to poultry on British farms.In the hope that they are not, Defra and the Wildfowl and Wetland announced last week that they would be conducting tests on 11,000 wild birds—three times the normal level. “The risk of avian influenza spreading from eastern Russia to the UK via migrating birds is still low,” said Defra's chief vet, Debby Reynolds. “Howe ver, we have said all along that we must remain on the look out.”16．What does the “scenario” in Paragrap h 2 mean to Turkey?A．Turkey will be exposed to the nationwide aggression of the deadly virus as the most severely attacked country on these shores.B．Turkey must kill billions of chicken and other kinds of poultry.C．Turkey has to be responsible for the arrival of H5N1 on these shores.D．All the veterinary experts in Turkey will soon swing into action.17．What is, according to Neil Ferguson, the possible risk of bird flu if one gets infected?A．Anyone's infection will trigger pandemic though it is probably one in ten thousand.B．Each time a person gets infected with the virus will cause an enormous pandemic bird flu.C．The person infected with the virus will do great harm to people around him. D．It is impossible that the virus infection of a certain persons will cause a national bird virus spreading.18．The change of alert colors from amber to red implies that__.A．all poultry workers must leave their working places as soon as possibleB．the officials in the Department of Health must call for much more of international assistanceC．the most serious situation of bird flu has appearedD．the change of the color functions greatly as the weather reports do19．What are the steps taken by the Department of Health of UK with the risk of the virus spreading to human population?A．The Department of Health required Civil Contingency Secretariat to publish documents for the pandemic preparedness.B．The Department of Health required the UK national committee to co-work with hospital trusts and local authorities.C．The Department of Health required Civil Contingency Secretariat to make a pandemic plan as soon as possible.D．The Department of Health requires every hospital to store Tamiflu, the precious flu vaccine.20．British government's fear of the wild geese from western China to Siberia is due to ______.A．the domestic ducks and gulls infected by the imported geese to BritainB．the poultry on British farms has been infected by the immigrated wild geeseC．the migration of the wild geese every winterD．British shores infected by the geese virusPart ⅡTranslation (40 points)Section A Directions: Translate the following short paragraphs into Chinese. (20 points) 21．Everyone has something they are ashamed of, afraid of or that they feel guilty about.Each of us, in our own way, has devised a neat little method of handling our dark side. We may know how to hide it. Few of us know how to heal it. When we refuse to admit what we have done in the past, we block our path to the future. No matter how terrible we think we are, how bad we believe we have been, how low we think we have fallen, we can clean our minds and begin again.22．We expend so much energy trying to fix who we are, we rarely get to know our selves. If werealized how precious the gift of life is, we would not waste a moment trying to improve it. If we really understood how precious we are to the gift of life, we would not waste time trying to fix ourselves.23．We cannot draw to us more than we believe we are worth.Everything that happens to us and every choice we make is a reflection of what we believe about who we are. Our inspiration comes from our self-acceptance. Our motivation comes from our self-reliance. When we accept ourselves and rely on ourselves, we feel good about ourselves. When you feel good about something, you believe in it. When you believe in it, it will work for you !24．It is of little consequence what your past has been. What matters to you and for you is right now. It is not your concern what others may be saying or doing. When you are taking care of yourself, you have very little time to pay attention to others. People can love you or hate you, ignore you or dote on your every word. No matter what anyone else may think or do or say, it has very little impact on who you really are. It is only in your mind that you build or destroy the esteem for your “self”. Self-esteem begins and ends with you, the self. When you have it, you have it and no one can take it away from you.Section BDirections：Translate the following paragraph into English．(20 points)现在，成千上万的美国人沉湎于对身材苗条的追求之中。
汉硕考研真题复试及答案
汉硕考研真题复试及答案汉硕考研真题复试及答案近年来，考研成为许多大学毕业生追求深造的首选。
而对于汉语国际教育专业的考研生来说，汉硕考研真题的复试环节显得尤为重要。
本文将探讨汉硕考研真题复试及答案，帮助考生更好地应对这一环节。
一、复试形式汉硕考研真题的复试形式通常包括面试和笔试两个环节。
面试环节主要考察考生的综合素质和对汉语教育的理解，而笔试环节则主要考察考生的语言能力和专业知识。
在面试环节中，考官会提问考生关于汉语教育的相关问题，例如教学方法、教材选择、教学评估等。
考生需要准备充分，对这些问题进行思考和总结，以便能够清晰地表达自己的观点。
在笔试环节中，考生需要回答一些与汉语教育相关的专业知识问题。
这些问题可能涉及到语言学、教育学、文化学等多个学科领域。
考生需要通过对教材的仔细阅读和复习，对这些知识点进行系统的学习和掌握。
二、复试答案在面试环节中，考生需要根据自己的实际情况和对汉语教育的理解，进行自由发挥。
因此，没有固定的答案。
但是考生需要注意以下几点：首先，要保持思路清晰，表达准确。
考生需要在回答问题时，尽量避免啰嗦和废话。
要用简洁明了的语言，将自己的观点和思考过程清晰地表达出来。
其次，要注重逻辑性和条理性。
考生在回答问题时，要注意将观点和论据进行有机的组织和连接，使回答具有较强的逻辑性和条理性。
最后，要注意语言表达和语言技巧。
考生在回答问题时，要注意用恰当的词汇和表达方式，使回答更加地生动和有说服力。
在笔试环节中，考生需要根据题目的要求，进行简答题或论述题的回答。
在回答问题时，考生需要注意以下几点：首先，要仔细阅读题目，理解题意。
考生需要在回答问题前，仔细阅读题目，确保自己对题目的要求和内容有清晰的理解。
其次，要进行系统的学习和复习。
考生需要在复习过程中，对汉语教育相关的知识点进行系统的学习和掌握。
只有掌握了这些知识点，才能够在考试中得心应手。
最后，要注意答题的结构和表达方式。
考生需要在回答问题时，注意将自己的观点和论据进行有机的组织和连接，使回答具有较强的逻辑性和条理性。
汉硕考研真题及答案解析
汉硕考研真题及答案解析汉硕考研是众多汉语言文学爱好者的梦想之一，而考试的难度和复杂性也让许多考生望而却步。
在备考阶段，除了充分掌握基础知识外，熟悉历年的真题也是非常关键的一步。
下面将对汉硕考研真题及答案进行解析，帮助考生更好地应对考试。
首先，我们来看看汉硕考研的写作题。
以2019年的真题为例，题目是“如何加强高校研究生的责任意识和创新能力”。
这是一个涉及到教育领域的论述题目，考生需要通过自己的思考和研究来展开论述。
对于这个题目，考生可以从以下几个方面展开论述，从而加强高校研究生的责任意识和创新能力。
第一，在课程设置方面，高校可以通过调整研究生的课程设置，将社会实践和创新实践融入到教学中。
这样一方面可以让研究生接触到真实的社会问题，培养他们解决问题的能力；另一方面也可以激发他们的创新思维和创新意识。
第二，高校可以通过开展各种科研活动和创新竞赛来培养研究生的责任意识和创新能力。
例如，组织学术研讨会、论文评比等活动，让研究生有机会向专家学者展示自己的研究成果，并接受专家的指导和评价。
同时，还可以组织创新创业大赛，鼓励研究生团队合作、创新思维和创新实践。
第三，高校可以通过导师引导和培养来加强研究生的责任意识和创新能力。
导师应该具备激情和责任感，积极引导研究生进行科研工作，并注重培养他们的创新思维和创新意识。
同时，导师还应该为研究生提供一个良好的学习和工作环境，鼓励他们勤奋学习、刻苦钻研。
通过以上几个方面的论述，考生可以全面地回答这个题目，并且结合自己的经验和观点来进行深入的思考和分析。
同时，在写作过程中，要注意语言表达的准确性和流畅性，避免出现语法错误和词汇不当的问题。
除了写作题，汉硕考研还有阅读理解、翻译等题型。
对于阅读理解题，考生需要通过阅读一篇文章，然后回答相关的问题。
在解答问题时，考生需要仔细理解文章的内容，抓住关键信息，并运用自己的逻辑思维和推理能力进行分析。
对于翻译题，考生需要根据给定的英文句子或段落，将其准确地翻译成中文。
北京理工大学翻译硕士考研大纲和考研真题解析
1 / 15全国统一咨询热线：400-6998-626 育明教育官方网址： 一.简介-笔译14人。
笔试科目:听写和评论。
面试内容:自我介绍、概述和讨论（与专业有关）、扩展讨论。
育明教育咨询师分析认为，北理工翻译硕士难度中等，翻译方面考察较为简单，适合理工科考生跨专业报考。
此外，北理工教授水平还是非常高的，毕业生总体就业形势较好二．考试科目1-《实用英汉翻译教程》 外语教学与研究出版社 申雨平等编2-《汉译英教程》 东华大学3-《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，李国正，光明日报出版社，2013年版。
4-《翻译硕士常考词汇精编》 育明教育内部三.百科知识考点2 / 15全国统一咨询热线：400-6998-626 育明教育官方网址： 第一讲 中国文学知识第一章 中国古代文学第一节 上古时期：神话传说 （1）神话是上古文学的一种重要样式，是原始先民通过幻想以一种不自觉的艺术方式对自然现象和社会生活所作的形象描述和解释，是远古先民生产力和认识水平极其低下的条件下口头创作的，具有集体性、直观性，充满情感、富于想象力。
（2）上古神话的主要内容有：A 、解释自然现象的：女娲补天、女娲造人（始祖神话）、盘古开天（创世神话）（育明教育注：南京大学2011年真题）B 、反映人类同自然斗争的：大禹治水（洪水神话）、后羿射日、精卫填海（反映抗争精神）（育明教育注：上海外国语大学2011年真题，名解）C 、反映社会斗争的：黄帝战蚩尤（战争神话）第二节 先秦时期：散文（历史散文、诸子散文）一、《诗经》《诗经》我国第一部诗歌总集，由孔子编辑。
收录了自西周初年至春秋中叶约五百年间的作品。
《诗经》通称为《诗》或《诗三百》，到汉代，儒家把它奉为经典才称《诗经》，共305篇。
分为“风”、“雅”、“颂”三部分。
《诗经》是我国诗歌现实主义优良传统的源头，其思想内容和艺术成就，对我国文学，尤其是诗歌的发展有着深远的影响。
诗歌的形式以四言为主，多数为隔句用韵，并普遍运用“赋”、“比”、“兴”的手法，在章法上具有重章叠句反复咏唱的特点。
2015年北京理工大学翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,考研大纲
北京理工大学翻译硕士考研真题--百科知识解析1.8科技1.8.1考研真题及详解第2章应用文写作2.1广告2.1.1文体简介1.广告的概念广告是一种应用性的说明文，是向消费者或服务对象介绍商品，报导服务内容或文娱节目的一种宣传方法。
广告有广义和狭义之分：①广义的广告指所有的广告活动，包括一切为了沟通信息、促进认知的广告传播形式，主要是指商业广告和非商业广告。
商业广告即经济广告，它以促进商品销售或提供劳动服务信息为目的，与经济利益密切相关。
非商业广告即非经济广告，是指经济以外的各种广告，它虽然也传达信息，但跟经济利益没有关联。
如社会团体的公告、启事、声明等。
②狭义的广告即商业广告。
2.广告的特点(1)广告的定位要准确—个广告的传播，准确地说，就是要解决向谁传播、传播什么、怎样传播三个问题。
前两个问题都属于广告的定位问题。
所以，定位是广告的核心，广告的灵魂。
广告定位主要是给产品定位和给消费者定位。
给产品定位:如果广告从内容上考虑产品的定位问题，一般可从产品的产地、原料、加工、用途、用法、特点、档次等许多方面来考虑。
主要有：产品产地定位某些产品的质量和特点与产地有密切的关系，在广告中要突出产品的产地，使消费者知道产品来0哪个国家和地区，从而起到吸引消费者的作用。
产品类别定位产品类别定位就是要充分考虑商品属性的问题，如食品类与化工类就不能混淆。
要让消费者得到准确的信息而不是模棱两可或错误的信息。
其次，即使是同一产品，也会有不同的种类，广告写作要充分注意到它们之间的差别。
产品特点定位有些同类产品质量相当，各自的表达方式也很接近。
如何突出与众不同的特点，就要动脑筋创造一种理由，目的是让顾客买你的，而不买别人的。
当然，这种独特的销售应以事实为依据，而不是胡编乱造。
产品用途定位有时一种商品会有多种用途。
比如奶粉，平时人们只把它当作普通饮料，但是奶粉也可以做点心、做汤，喝咖啡时也可以添加适量奶粉等。
为了推销奶粉，商家常常可以设计出多118种广告，让消费者去了解它们各自的用途。
2015年北京理工大学汉语写作与百科知识翻译硕士演讲稿文体考研真题,考研招生简章,考研参考书
翻译硕士考研真题--百科知识解析第2章应用文写作2.3演讲稿2.3.1文体简介1.演讲稿的概念演讲稿又叫演说词，是在大会上或其他公开场合发表个人的观点、见解和主张的文稿。
演讲稿像议论文一样论点鲜明、逻辑性强，但'它又不是一般的议论文。
它是一种带有宣传性和鼓动性的应用文体，经常使用各种修辞手法和艺术手法，具有较强的感染力。
2.演讲稿的特点⑴现实性演讲稿是为了说明一定的观点和态度的。
这个观点和态度一定要与现实生活紧密相关。
它讨论的应该是现实生活中存在的珐为人们所关心的问题。
它的观点要来自身边的生活或学-习，材料也是如此。
它是为了解决身边的问题而提出的，因而必须真实可信。
3.整体性演讲稿并+能独立地完成演讲任务，它只是演讲的文字依据，是整个演讲活动的一个组成部分。
演讲主体、听众对象、特定的时空条件，共同构成了演讲活动的整体。
撰写演讲稿时，不能将它从整体中剥离出来。
因此，演讲稿的撰写要根据听众的文化层次、工作性质、生存环境、品位修养、爱好愿望来确立选题，选择恰当的表达方式，以便更好地沟通。
另外，还要考虑演讲的时间、空间、现场氛围等因素，以强化演讲的现场效果。
4.口语性演讲稿的最终目的是用于讲话，所以，它是有声语言，是书面化的口语。
为此，演讲稿必须讲究“上口”和“人耳”。
所谓上口，就是讲起来通达流利。
所谓人耳，就是听起来非常顺畅，没有什么语言障碍，不会发生曲解。
它一方面是把口头语言变为书面语言，即化声音为文字，起到规范文字、协助演讲的作用；另一方面，演讲稿要把较为正规严肃的书面语言转化为易听易明的口语，以便听众理解吸收。
同时，演讲稿的语言应符合演讲人的讲话习惯，同演讲者的自然讲话节奏一致。
5.临场性演讲活动是演讲者与听众面对面的一种交流和沟通。
听众会对演讲内容及时作出反应：或表示赞同，或表示反对，或饶有兴趣，或无动于衷。
演讲者对听众的各种反映不能置之不顾，因此，准备演讲稿时，要充分考虑它的临场性，在保证内容完整的前提下，留有伸缩的余地。
北京理工大学公共管理专业考研真题考研真题学长笔记参考书考点-育明考研考博
北京理工大学公共管理专业考研复习必备资料-育明考研考博目录一、北京理工大学公共管理专业考研招生情况 (3)二、北京理工大学公共管理专业考研近五年复试分数线（育明考博辅导中心) (4)三、北京理工大学公共管理专业考研专业课参考书（育明考博辅导中心) (5)四、北京理工大学公共管理专业考研资料一本通（目录） (5)五、2017年北京理工大学公共管理考研真题答题黄金攻略 (7)一、北京理工大学公共管理专业考研招生情况北京理工大学创办于1940年，前身是诞生于延安的“自然科学院”，是中国共产党创办的第一所理工科高校，是新中国成立以来国家历批次重点建设的大学，首批设立研究生院，首批进入国家“211工程”和“985工程”建设行列，现隶属于工业和信息化部。
历经多年发展，学校已在学科专业、师资队伍、人才培养、科学研究等方面位居中国研究型大学前列，跻身于国内一流理工科大学。
2012年，学校首次进入在全球具有广泛影响力的英国QS世界大学排名“亚洲大学100强”和“世界大学500强”，在入选的19所中国高校中名列第13位。
作为我国改革开放后最早恢复管理教育的高校之一，北京理工大学于1980年成立管理工程系。
为适应我国社会经济及高等教育发展的需要，1992年，管理工程系更名为管理学院，1998年，更名为管理与经济学院。
目前，学院设有9个系，有管理科学与工程、应用经济学、工商管理和公共管理4个一级学科硕士点（包含9个二级学科硕士点）。
学院的王牌专业是管理科学与工程，公共管理（学术型）专业起步较晚，相对发展薄弱，但依托学校理工特色和985优势，发展很快，且形成了自己特有的培养模式，经育明教育统计，北理公管研究生社会认可度高，毕业去向十分多元，以党政机关、国有企业科研院所为主，其公管考研难度在北京地区属中等偏上，每年竞争都比较激烈，同学们一定要早作规划，科学备考。
北京理工大学公管考研具体情况可以咨询育明·斯泰朗考研·张老师扣扣：七七二六、七八、五三七北京理工大学公管考研招生报考统计（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试科目复试科目120400公共管理2014年10人2015年10人2016年10人包含推免①101思想政治理论②201英语一③635行政管理④871管理学（1）笔试科目:公共政策，政治学（2）面试内容:外语口语听力测试；公共管理及公共政策的基本知识与应用育明·斯泰朗考研·张老师解析：1、北京理工大学公管专业考研的报录比平均在15:1左右，报考北理公管专业报考人数每年约150-200人左右。
北大考研汉硕真题答案解析
北大考研汉硕真题答案解析考研是许多大学毕业生的选择之一，而清华大学和北京大学堪称中国考研的顶尖目标。
北大考研汉硕真题是备战北大考研汉语国际教育硕士专业的重要参考资料。
在这篇文章中，我将对北大考研汉硕真题进行答案解析和相关讨论，希望对正在备考的同学提供一些帮助。
首先，我们来看一道阅读理解题：“文化交流是一种双向的现象，既包含文化输出，也包含文化引进。
从这个意义上而言，文化输出既是向外界传播自身文化，也是以此为手段赢得识别、声誉和影响。
文化引进则是获取他文化的载体、手段和途径，以成就自己的文化建设目标。
”这个论述能概括文化输出和文化引进的关系，并指出了它们的一种功能。
你认为这个功能是什么？我们需要仔细阅读文本来理解文化输出和文化引进的关系。
首先，文化输出是将自身的文化传播给外界，通过传播能够获得识别、声誉和影响。
其次，文化引进是获取他文化的载体、手段和途径，以便实现自己的文化建设目标。
所以，这个功能可以理解为通过文化输出来获取识别、声誉和影响，并通过文化引进来实现自己的文化建设目标。
接下来，我们来看一道语法填空题：他们参观了许多名胜古迹，其中最令他们印象深刻的是故宫。
作为中国历史上最重要的建筑之一，故宫不仅展示了中国古代建筑的精华，也见证了中国古代文化的繁荣和辉煌。
参观故宫的过程中，他们能够感受到古代皇家生活的气息，同时了解到中国的历史和文化。
根据文章内容，我们需要填入一个形容词来描述故宫对他们的印象。
通过文章中提到的故宫展示了中国古代建筑的精华、见证了中国古代文化的繁荣和辉煌，我们可以推断他们对故宫的印象是深刻的。
所以，填入形容词"深刻"使整个句子逻辑通顺。
最后，我们来看一道写作题：请你就下面的问题谈谈你的看法：如何提高汉语国际教育的教学质量？汉语国际教育的教学质量提高是实现高质量教学的重要目标，我认为可以从以下几个方面着手。
第一，提高教师的专业能力。
教师是教育的核心，他们的专业能力直接影响到教学质量。
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北京理工大学汉语国际教育硕士专业考研复习必备资料-育明考研考博一、北京理工大学汉语国际教育硕士考研招生报考统计（育明考博辅导中心)
专业招生人数初试科目复试科目
汉语国际教育硕士2016年8人
2015年8人
①101思想政治理论
②201英语203日语243法语
244德语246西班牙语
③354汉语基础
④445汉语国际教育基础
①专业笔试
②专业面试
育明考研考博辅导中心张老师解析：
1、北京理工大学汉语国际教育硕士专业考研的报录比平均在6:1左右（竞争较激烈）
2、专业笔试科目：1、汉语基础知识2、外语听力和翻译
3、专业面试内容：1、就给定题目发表自己的观点和看法并与考官进行讨论2、外语口试
4、初试公共课拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
5、同等学历的考生需要加试2门本科阶段的主干课程。
育明教育针对北京理工大学汉语国际教育硕士考研开设的辅导课程有：专业课课程班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考研成功的基础保障。
（北理汉语国际教育硕士考研资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：七七二六、七八、五三七）二、北京理工大学汉语国际教育硕士考研复试分数线（育明考博辅导中心)
年份政治英语专业课1专业课2总分
2015年45分45分68分68分315分2016年50分50分75分75分360分
（北理汉语国际教育硕士考研资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：七七二六、七八、五三七）三、北京理工大学汉语国际教育硕士考研专业课参考书（育明考博辅导中心)
专业书名作者出版社
汉语国际教育硕士
《现代汉语》黄伯荣、廖旭东高等教育出版社
《古代汉语》王力中华书局
《语言学纲要》叶蜚声、徐通锵北京大学出版社《跨文化交际概论》胡文仲外语教学与研究出版社《对外汉语教学引论》刘珣北京语言大学出版社《中国文化要略》程裕帧外语教学与研究出版社《国际汉语教学案例分析》朱勇
育明考研考博辅导中心张老师解析：
1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
2、专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
（北理汉语国际教育硕士考研资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：七七二六、七八、五三七）四、考研专业课的复习分为六大阶段，六大阶段是考研专业课复习的“六部曲”。
正确的阶段做正确的事，优化每个阶段的复习，才能让考研“更容易”，才能做到“不走弯路，一次成功。
”
（一）择校预备阶段（12月底——3月初）：关键词：全面自我分析、确定考研院校专业、了解内部信息、抱定信念这一阶段最重要的任务是：全面的自我分析基础上，定下自己的目标院校和专业，并进一步明确自己报考专业的参考书目、报考人数、招生人数、复试分数线、该专业必备考研资料。
提醒广大考生：选择院校和专业要综合考虑兴趣、专业课基础、外语水平、未来职业规划、报考专业的就业前景等因素。
考研就是给自己一次机会，无论跨考与否，报考名校与否，择校、择专业一定要要建立在全面自我分析的基础上。
一旦决定，要抱定信念，切勿轻易中途换学校、转专业！中途换院校和专业会极大浪费有限的备考时间和精力。
（二）基础理解阶段（3月上旬——7月初）：关键词：扎实理解、参考书及核心资料通读3遍、记下核心概念和公式这一阶段最重要的任务是建立完整理解，为后面记忆和运用打下基础。
将参考书目完整地看至少3遍以上。
全部知识点重在理解，除了核心概念和公式外，不必刻意记忆。
实在不理解的知识点标记下来，后面通过相关的辅导或者查阅解决。
此外，这一阶段做笔记，切不可过分
细致，以梳理框架和概念为主，太细会浪费很多时间，也记不住。
建议考生制定每天和每周的规划，一般2-3章/天，这个速度比较合适。
（三）重点掌握阶段（7月初——11月上旬）：关键词：分清重点、地毯式全面记忆、不断循环巩固、检测督促这一阶段最重要的任务是抓住重点、掌握重点。
要抓住重点，一是要分析真题；二是要专业化辅导；三是内部资料，如出题老师的论文、讲义、当前学术热点等。
在此基础上坚持专业课复习的80/20法则，对核心概念、基础概念、重要知识点、要点、常见公式一定要地毯式全面记忆，并反复强化，达到永久记忆。
（四）框架专题阶段（11月上旬——11月中旬）：关键词：将知识系统化、体系化，建立知识结构树这一阶段最重要的任务是将知识体系化，系统化。
知识点掌握的零散，不体系化，会造成只见树木不见森林，思路狭隘，影响答题发挥，尤其是做大题的时候。
必须要按照参考书的章节架构或者通过总结专题将知识体系化，系统化。
对参考书做到提纲挈领，纲举目张。
总结了全国各学校专业课的专题和章节联系，能在这一阶段帮助广大考生建立系统化的知识体系。
（五）模拟考试阶段（11月中旬——12月中旬）：关键词：全真检测、训练答题方法、试卷批阅、查漏补缺这阶段最重要的任务是通过全真模拟掌握答题技巧和方法，查漏补缺。
知识储备的好，不一定答题好，更不一定意味着考场得高分。
要全真模考，在考试时间、题型题量和真题完全一致的情况下，做3-5次模拟试题，通过全真检测发现知识盲点，纠正答题方法，稳住考前心态，要经历一个盲目自信——弱点暴露——完善提高——再次暴露——再完善再提高的涅槃重生的过程，提高答题能力。
（六）考前冲刺阶段（12月中旬——考试）：关键词：保持复习热度、调节最佳身心状态、查漏补缺这一阶段最主要的任务是调整身心状态，以最佳的心态迎接考试。
经过前面5个阶段的复习，效果已经基本定型，在最后的5-10天内，要保持每天8小时的复习，保持专业课和公共课复习热度。
这一阶段的复习要跳出来，不要纠缠于知识点的细枝末节，要敢抓敢放，抓大放小，整体通览，查漏补缺。
此外，调节最佳的身心状态也很关键，要调整作息适应考试时间，比如考试是上午考英语，那么现在的复习也应该是上午复习英语；要注意饮食健康，充足睡眠；要积极的心理暗示，给自己输入考研正能量。
考研是一个系统工程，除了完美的知题能力，强健的身心状态也很关键。
赢在终点，笑到最后。