【英语概要写作】高考英语概要写作方法
高考英语概要写作方法
Part I. 什么是摘要
A summary is a short account giving the main points of something longer or detailed.
概括部分包含几种能力。第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。
对于成绩较差的同学来说，可能对概括感到无从下手。
读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容 1 为概括短文要点，还有写作内容 2 则是就某个主题发表看法。然而，绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容 2 对写作内容1的导航作用，而一头扎进了阅读材料直接去阅读文章得出要点。事实上，所谓“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。故希望大家在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容 2 的导航作用，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。
一、概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。
标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句话是主题句，清楚
明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。
二、概括的写作步骤：
1.确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2.寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
3.重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。
4.重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。
口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。（括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：
短的连词。细腻：细节和例子）
三、概括的形式：“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。附：2007 年广东高考概括部分评分细则：
1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0 分;
2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分;
3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语，宾语、原文词序的，得 2 分;
4.创造性地抄，改主语，宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得 3 分。
5.结构、用词，词性变化比较好的 4 至5分。
高考英语概要写作技巧
Part II. 写概括的具体方法
Ⅰ .The Steps of Writing a Summary
A.定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时;如果是现
在的，那么基本时态用现在时;不过，模板的开头语一般为现在时如
The passage
tells us that - --.
B.定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。( 特殊如书信的，可能会
使用第一、二人称;)
C.定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。
1)Use words of similar meanings 同义替换法
I didn ' t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.
I didn ' t catch any fish ____ I was not patient.
2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence 正话反说法
You will fail. = You will _____ .
3)Change the part of speech 词性转换法
Patience is very important. Patience is of _____________ .
4)Change the structure of a sentence 句式变化法
语态变换：Parents should give children more praise.
→Children should _____ more praise.
简单句变复合句：
Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn
faster.
Children should be encouraged more, __ will help them learn faster..
5)Use the shortest possible transitions 连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for,
therefore, thus, including, instead of 等。
We should encourage children. We should not scold them.
We should encourage children _______ scolding.
6）Change the order of the words. 词序改变法
D.下列是常规的实用技巧。
Skill1: Omit （省略） the details
Skill2: Omit the repetitions
Skill3: Omit the examples
Skill4: Use general（概括性） words instead of specific（具体的）
words ）
Skill5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech
写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：
1）删除细节。只保留主要观点。
2）避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
3）删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30 个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。注：原文中可能包括 5 个或
更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
高一 1 胡圳杰）
Original:
Why do some animals die out?
In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes. Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos.
Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren
' t animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out.
Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason.
Summary:
In the past two hundred years, many kinds of animals have died out. There are several reasons for it. First, people keep building houses and factories in fields and woods, which destroys animals' homes. Then, hunters' killing has also caused some animals to become extinct. Besides, some animals aren't able to bear strong offspring and nor do they have enough food to eat because of pollution and climatic changes.
（高一 2 王楚涵）Writing 1 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly.
I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.
But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable ba，ghe told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Neveronce was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind.
As I was watching him ，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next
to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadn ' t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger.
When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee kindness and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.
If you are ever in the Glendale Targe，t give Ishmael a smile and a
nod.The world could use more people like him.
【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2) 结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。
就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次
购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。
【参考范文】
The passage tells us an experience of shopping要.（点1）One day，the author with two children went to Target for shopping.（要点2）While waiting
in line ，she found an old lady was troublesome，but the young employee treated her patiently要.（点3）Seeing that，the author was touched by his kindness and patience and she thought her children would learn a lot from this experience.（要点4）
Writing 2 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
Sugars are popular in the processed food industry because they add ta，
ste colour and thickness to food products. The studies have shown that sugars can provide a source of energy.The body breaks down the sugar into simple forms that can be readily used in the body.But too much sugar can contribute to health problems like obesity and tooth disease.
Having too much sugar is not the only reason for obesity or being overweight，but it does add to the amount of kilojoules in food.Eating too much of any food，without doing enough exercise，will cause you to become overweight.
Governments in the United States and United Kingdom are waging a war on sugar in the interests of public health.Both countries claim that the overconsumption of sugar by much of the population is harmful to people ' s health.On Th，ursthdea y U ．https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a9885374.html,ernment issued new dietary guidelines that
strongly recommend people receive less than 10 per cent of their daily calorie intake from added sugar.On the
same day，British Prime Minister David Cameron said he has not ruled out the idea of a tax on sugar to encourage consumers to buy food with reduced levels of the sweet.Politicians in the U．K.are debating how a reduction in the intake of sugar could help reduce Britain ' s rising rates of obesity.
The American and British governments both refer to a study conducted in Mexico that showed a tax on sugary，carbonated drinks led to a reduction in consumption.The tax was carried out on January ，1 2014 and purchases of the taxed drinks went down by 12 per cent by December of that year.Sales of mineral water increased by 4 per cent over the same period.An alternative to taxing sugared drinks is to reduce the level of sugar in them.Researchers at Queen Mary University in London say that reducing the sugar content in suga－r sweetened drinks by 40 percent over five years could prevent one million cases of obesity in the U．K.Researchers say people might not even notice the changes.
【写作指导】
本文是一篇说明文，讲述了人体摄入过多糖分会影响健康。英国和美国政
府都号召人们不要摄入过多糖分，甚至考虑通过增收糖税来减少糖的食用。读
懂原材料是写好概要的关键，在理解原文的基础上，用尽可能简洁的语言集中概括原文的主要观点及思想，但不能简单重复原文，同时，对各要点的概括要
详略得当，结构严谨，表达明确，语义准确简练，避免空泛、含混之词。
【参考范文】
Sugar is useful for our body，but too much sugar does harm to our healt，h which probably leads to health problems.要（点1）As for this ，governments in the United States and United Kingdom call on people not to take in too much sugar要.（点2）British Prime Minister even planned to put a tax on sugar.要（点3）A study showed that the tax on sugar helped reduce the consumption of suga要r.（点4）Researchers also think reducing the sugar content slightly would not be noticed.要（点5）
Writing 3
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
Dieters have long sworn that grapefruit helps them lose weight.The Grapefruit Diet，also called the Hollywood Diet，dates back to the 1930s and has a host of celebrity fans including singer Kylie Minogue.It involves having grapefruit or grapefruit juice with every meal while cutting back on calories.
Now ，scientists are beginning to believe them.
A study has found that drinking grapefruit juice when eating fatty food lowers the amount of weight put on by up to a fifth.
The research also suggested that grapefruit could be as good as
prescription drugs at keeping blood sugar levels under contro—l a key part of managing diabetes.
The experiments were conducted on mic—e but researchers say the results justify studies on humans.Professor Joseph Napo，li of the University of California ，Berkeley，said，“ We see all sorts of scams about nutrition. But these res，ulbtsased on
controlled experiments，warrant further study of the potential health－promoting properties of grapefruit juice. ”
The researchers found that when the mice were fed fatty food for three month，s those given grapefruit juice to drink gained up to 18 percent less weight than those given water.
They also had lower blood sugar and insulin levels—despite eating the same number of calories and doing the same amount of exercise as the mice who drank water. In fact，grapefruit juice was as good at controlling insulin as the widely used diabetes drug metformin，the journal PLOS ONE reports.
However，the fruit juice only had an effect on weight when the animals ate fatty food.The researchers said they did not know how grapefruit stops the pounds from piling on.
Spokesman Mariette Abrahams，a dietician，said until then it is too early for people to try grapefruit diets. “ Grapefruit should be part of a health，y balanced di
but it shouldn 't be the focus of the，d”ie tshe said.
【写作指导】
本文是一篇科普类说明文，主要介绍了葡萄柚的减肥功效。第一段介绍了葡萄柚用于减肥的历史背景；第二至七段的内容是：研究表明，葡萄柚对人的身体健康有很多好处；第八段介绍了葡萄柚汁减肥的局限性；最后一段对葡萄柚饮食提出了不同的意见。考生在作答时，应注意条理清晰，避免混乱性语句；语言简洁，要点全面，可将原文中涉及的人名、地名等非重要信息忽略，以节约词数。另外，考生在作答时应注意语言的准确性和语句间的衔接性。
【参考范文】
Dieters think grapefruit juice helps lose weight and the Grapefruit Diet or the Hollywood Diet was a popular way of losing weight in the 1930s.（要点1）The experiments conducted on mice，which can also apply to humans，shows that grapefruit juice benefits the loss of weight and the control of blood sugar and insulin levels.（要点2）However，the fruit only takes effect when the animals eat fatty food.（要点3）The opposite view doesn ' t think eating grapefruit can be the focus of the
diet.（要点4）
Writing 4
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
In fact，great white sharks are not white. The name is thought to have come about because these sharks are white in one circumstance when they are lying dead on the deck of a boat.
It would be more proper to call this species the ．They“ hbalvaec ka
sdhaarrkk ”
upper surface，which means their prey（猎物） are difficult to spot them approaching from the dark depths.
Speaking of prey，they have been recorded dining out on a wide range of species，including whales，squid（鱿鱼），turtles and occasionally penguins.
“ If you make a list of everything that ' s been found in a white，
shark
you'd get a variety of thin，gs” says marine biologist George Burgess of the University of Florida in Gainesville.But what 's clear is that their tastes chang
age.
“They are almost just fis－h eaters until they are 7，8，9 feet
long，” says
Burgess. “As they get big，gethr ey will begin to start eating mammal prey if they get the opportunity. ”
These older sharks prefer sea，ls sea lions and walruses.When they strike from below，at speed，white sharks can clear the surface by as much as 3 m.
To locate their prey，white sharks use almost every trick in the book.
“Th have a series of sense，s ” says Burgess.
In a 1963 study，researchers hung a speaker over the edge of their boat off Miami to see if they could attract sharks with sound.
No great white sharks were spotted in this stud，y but it 's reasonable to assume they have good hearing too.
As a great white shark gets closer to its pre，y its sense of smell
begins to kick in.A study of the brains of different species of sharks shows that the gret awhite 's olfactory bulb （嗅球） is especially large.
Their vision is not bad，either. “They see particularly ，we”ll says Burgess.
They also have two less familiar senses.Their lateral line，s which run along
their sides，can detect changes in water pressure tharet veal their prey 's
movements.
写作指导】
本文是一篇说明文。说明文的概要写作一般有三种参考模板：(1)描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象＋性质功用＋利好”：(In the passage) the writer introduces...to us，especially its...，from which we know...(2)针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题＋解决方法”：The passage tells us.，.. including...(3) 介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象＋原因＋结果”：(The author/writer said/talks about)．..of...，because/but..。. 本文可以采用第一种模板。
【参考范文】
The passage introduces something about white shar，kssuch as the origin of the name and how they get their prey.要( 点1)When they are lying dead on the deck of a boat，they are white，but they have a dark upper surface
要.( 点2)What they eat are various，including a wide range of species.When they are small they eat fish.As they become bigger，they eat mammal prey.要
( 点3)Their senses such as hearin，g smell and vision are good.(要点4)
2014年全国高考英语作文真题汇总与范文集锦
2014年全国高考英语作文真题汇总与范文集锦 2014-01-北京卷（道歉信） + （连环画） 【推迟旅行，道歉说明式】 1.）你给英国朋友Chris 写一封信，内容包括： 1.你们原计划7 月份一同去云南旅游； 2.由于脚部受伤，你无法按原计划前往； 3.表达你的歉意并建议将旅行 推迟到8 月份。注意： 1.词数不少 于50. 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, How is everything going? I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July but now because my l eft foot was injured, I cannot go with you as planned. I ' m sorry about it. Can I suggest that we put it off until early august? I wish you coul d understand. I ' m looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Joe 2.）假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用校刊“英语园地”写一篇 短文，记述你和同学们向学校提建议，解决自行车存放问题的过程。注意： 1. 词数不少于60. 2 如何解决自行车存放问题，新闻叙述式】 There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school. I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. So my classmates and I had a discussion and wrote a report. Then we went to meet the schoolmaster in his office and gave the report to him. He accepted our suggestions. Soon afterwards, a second entrance was opened to the parking place. Now it is easy to park our bikes there. 2014-02-新课标I （咨询信） 暑期英语学习咨询，信息说明式】 假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容） 短文的开头已给出，不计入总 词数。
(完整版)2020上海高考英语一模概要写作指导写作汇编
上海高考英语题型训练: 写作 2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查 IV. Summary Writing （10 分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 松江 It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this. When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots （同胞）on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss”,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”. There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语）in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain. The verbs "guess” meaning think and “loan” me aning lend and the adjective "mad" meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago. In the case of “loan”, it was used as long ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found. 参考答案：Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans. 崇明 Giving Thanks This is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a
高考英语之概要写作.pdf
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(完整word)高考英语概要写作2篇题目及答案
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1. 图书馆的位置：前有花园，后有教学楼 2. 内部环境：宽敞、有书架、报刊、书籍等 3. 图书馆功能：借阅、借阅数量和借期 4. 开放时间 5. 合适的结尾 （二）06年全国卷II 假定你是李华, 亚洲冬季运动会将在你居住的地方举办, 现在正在招募志愿者, 你希望成为其中一员。请按要求用英文给组委会写一封申请信. 内容应包括: 1．个人情况：年龄、性别、学历
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全国卷历年英语高考真题作文
2013年高考英语书面表达真题及范文：新课标全国卷2 第二节书面表达(满分25分) 假定你是李华,自制了一些中国结(Chinese knot)。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信,请他代卖,要点包括: 1.外观(尺寸、颜色、材料) 2.象征意义 3.价格 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头语已为你写好。 Dear Tom, How are you doing? Li Hua 【范文赏读】 Dear Tom, How are you doing? I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots for me. I made them myself with red still threads, cloths and other materials. They look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond, about 5 inches long and 4 inches wide. In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses. They are only 12.99 US dollars each. If anyone wants to know more about the knots, let them write to me. Also, do let me know if you need further information. Thank you! Li Hua 2012年高考英语作文真题：全国卷2（含范文） 第三节书面表达（满分30分） 假设你是李华。你班同学决定为小名举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教Susan参加，要点包括： 1、时间：周五晚8点至9点 2、地点：学生俱乐部 3、内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等 4、要求：备小礼物 注意： 1、词数100左右，开头语已为你写好； 2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3、答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。
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How are you? Glad to see you have made some progress in Chinese learning and I’m writing to tell you something about our next lesson. The lesson will be given from 3 pm to 5 pm on the afternoon of next Tuesday in the classroom 502. In the class, you will mainly learn Tang poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese. You can feel the beauty of Chinese by learning Tang Poetry. You’d better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which makes it easy for you to go through the class. If there is anything that I ca n h e l p y o u
上海高考英语各类体裁概要写作技巧-word文档
上海高考英语概要写作技巧 Rubrics for summary writing (2019-9-14) 评分标准: 1. 本题总分为15分, 其中内容10分, 语言5分。（这部分还有待最终确认，可能是5+5） 2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。 3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。 各档次给分要求: 内容部分 A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。 B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。 C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。 D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。 E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。 F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。 语言部分 A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。 B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。 C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。 D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。 E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。 F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。 把握文体特点 记叙文：what who when where why how 议论文：opinion/ idea+ argument (supporting ideas / reasons) 说明文：phenomenon/ problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) 新闻：a focus on the first paragraph, and the first or last sentence of the other paragraphs 样题解读 Dirt Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine.
全国卷历年英语高考真题作文.pdf
2013年高考英语书面表达真题及范文：新课标全国卷 2 第二节书面表达(满分25分) 假定你是李华,自制了一些中国结(Chinese knot)。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信,请他代卖,要点包括: 1.外观(尺寸、颜色、材料) 2.象征意义 3.价格 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头语已为你写好。 Dear Tom, How are you doing? Li Hua 【范文赏读】 Dear Tom, How are you doing? I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots for me. I made them myself with red still threads, cloths and other materials. They look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond, about 5 inches long and 4 inches wide. In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses. They are only 12.99 US dollars each. If anyone wants to know more about the knots, let them write to me. Also, do let me know if you need further information. Thank you! Li Hua 2012年高考英语作文真题：全国卷2（含范文） 第三节书面表达（满分30分） 假设你是李华。你班同学决定为小名举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教Susan参加，要点包括： 1、时间：周五晚8点至9点 2、地点：学生俱乐部 3、内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等 4、要求：备小礼物 注意： 1、词数100左右，开头语已为你写好； 2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3、答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。
【英语概要写作】高考英语概要写作方法
高考英语概要写作方法 Part I. 什么是摘要 A summary is a short account giving the main points of something longer or detailed. 概括部分包含几种能力。第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。 对于成绩较差的同学来说，可能对概括感到无从下手。 读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容 1 为概括短文要点，还有写作内容 2 则是就某个主题发表看法。然而，绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容 2 对写作内容1的导航作用，而一头扎进了阅读材料直接去阅读文章得出要点。事实上，所谓“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。故希望大家在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容 2 的导航作用，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。 一、概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。 标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句话是主题句，清楚
明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。 二、概括的写作步骤： 1.确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。 2.寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。 3.重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。 4.重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。 口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。（括：概括性。见：间接引语。短： 短的连词。细腻：细节和例子） 三、概括的形式：“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。附：2007 年广东高考概括部分评分细则： 1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0 分; 2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分;