国际贸易原理复习题

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国际贸易原理试题

国际贸易原理试题

国际贸易原理试题一、选择题(每题2分,共10分)1. 国际贸易中,比较优势理论是由哪位经济学家提出的?A. 大卫·李嘉图B. 亚当·斯密C. 约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯D. 阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔2. 以下哪个不是影响国际贸易的主要因素?A. 资源禀赋B. 技术水平C. 消费者偏好D. 政府政策3. 关于贸易壁垒,以下说法正确的是:A. 只包括关税壁垒B. 只包括非关税壁垒C. 包括关税和非关税壁垒D. 都不包括4. 世界贸易组织(WTO)的宗旨不包括以下哪项?A. 促进货物和服务的自由流通B. 促进成员国经济发展C. 限制成员国之间的贸易D. 通过贸易促进全球经济的增长5. 以下哪个不是国际支付方式?A. 信用证B. 汇票C. 支票D. 保函二、填空题(每题2分,共10分)1. 在国际贸易中,_________是指一种国家在生产某种商品时所耗费的资源比其他国家少的现象。

2. _________是国际贸易中的一种价格机制,它规定了商品的国际交易价格。

3. _________是指国家之间通过和平方式解决贸易争端的机构。

4. 在国际贸易结算中,_________是一种要求银行在特定时间内支付一定金额给持票人或指定受益人的书面指令。

5. _________是指一种国际贸易合同中规定的商品的质量、数量、包装、运输等条款。

三、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1. 请简述绝对优势理论和比较优势理论的区别。

2. 描述贸易保护主义的主要形式及其可能带来的影响。

3. 解释最惠国待遇和国民待遇的含义,并说明它们在国际贸易中的重要性。

四、案例分析题(每题20分,共40分)1. 假设某国是小麦的主要出口国,近年来由于气候变化导致小麦产量下降,该国政府决定提高小麦的出口关税以稳定国内市场价格。

请分析这一政策可能对国际小麦市场产生的影响。

2. 某国政府为了保护本国的汽车工业,对进口汽车征收高额关税。

国际贸易备考复习题(附带参考答案)

国际贸易备考复习题(附带参考答案)

国际贸易练习题第一章国际贸易的基本概念与历史发展名词解释1.国际贸易:国际贸易(International Trade)也称通商,是指跨越国境的货品和服务交易,一般由进口贸易和出口贸易所组成,因此也可称之为进出口贸易。

国际贸易也叫世界贸易。

进出口贸易可以调节国内生产要素的利用率,改善国际间的供求关系,调整经济结构,增加财政收入等2.总贸易体系与专门贸易体系:总贸易体系(General Trade System)又称一般贸易体系,是以货物通过国境作为统计对外贸易的标准。

凡是进入本国国境的货物一律记为进口,称为“总进口”(General Import);凡是离开本国国境的货物一律计为出口,称为“总出口”(General Export),两者之和为总贸易额。

3.国际贸易额与国际贸易量:国际贸易额,又称国际贸易值,是用货币表示的反映一定时期内世界贸易规模的对外贸易总额,它能反映出某一时期内的贸易总金额,也称国际贸易额;国际贸易量:是为了剔除了价格变动影响,能准确反映国际贸易的实际数量,而确立的一个指标。

在计算时,是以固定年份为基期而确定的价格指数去除报告期的国际贸易额,得到的就是相当于按不变价格计算(剔除价格变动的影响)的国际贸易额,该数值就叫报告期的国际贸易量。

4.对外贸易依存度:对外贸易依存度又称为对外贸易系数(传统的对外贸易系数),是指一国的进出口总额占该国国民生产总值或国内生产总值的比重。

其中,进口总额占GNP或GDP的比重称为进口依存度,出口总额占GNP或GDP的比重称为出口依存度。

对外贸易依存度反映一国对国际市场的依赖程度,是衡量一国对外开放程度的重要指标。

5.直接贸易与间接贸易:间接贸易(Indirect Trade),“直接贸易”的对称,是指商品生产国与商品消费国通过第三国进行卖买商品的行为。

其中,生产国是间接出口;消费国是间接进口;第三国是转口;间接贸易(Indirect Trade),“直接贸易”的对称,是指商品生产国与商品消费国通过第三国进行卖买商品的行为。

国际贸易学复习题及参考答案

国际贸易学复习题及参考答案

国际贸易学复习题及参考答案一、单选题(共60题,每题1分,共60分)1、就卖方承担的费用而言,下列术语排列顺序中,正确的是()。

A、CIF大于CFR大于FOBB、CIF大于FOB大于CFRC、FOB大于CIF大于CFRD、FOB大于CFR大于CIF正确答案:A2、在国际贸易中,一些贵重金属如黄金、白银的习惯的计量单位A、长吨B、盎司C、公担D、克拉正确答案:B3、提单上表明ABC SHIPPING COMPANY作为承运人XYZ SHIPPING COMPANY的代理人签发提单。

如提单上货物描述处有更改,修改方式符合信用证及国际惯例要求的是:A、在修改处加盖ABC SHIPPING COMPANY名称的更正章即可B、在修改处加盖ABC SHIPPING COMPANY名称的更正章并由被授权证实的人小签C、在修改处加盖中性更正章即可,不需要表明作出更改的一方的身份D、在修改处加盖XYZ SHIPPING COMPANY名称的更正章即可正确答案:B4、下列不属于一切险承保范围内的险别是< >A、偷窃提货不着险B、渗漏险C、受潮受热险D、交货不到险正确答案:D5、包装上仅有买方指定的商标或牌号,但不显示国别的包装方法是()。

A、卖方习惯包装B、定牌中性包装C、惯常方法包装D、无牌中性包装正确答案:B6、The one who buy insurance is called ( ).A、The insuredB、An insurerC、A brokerD、An insurance company正确答案:A7、接受的撤回或修改的问题上,《公约》采取了()原则。

A、投邮生效B、尽快撤回或修改C、送达生效D、合理时间内撤回或修改正确答案:D8、下列进口单价表达正确的是( )。

A、每公吨100欧元CIF济南B、每箱100元FOB上海C、每箱50美元FOB伦敦D、每箱50英镑CFR鹿特丹正确答案:C9、[]代表目的地卸货后交货的贸易术语是( )。

2010国际贸易原理 复习题

2010国际贸易原理 复习题

名词解释:Ch21.Absolute advantagew of comparative advantageCh43.Offer curves / reciprocal demand curves4.Terms of tradeCh55.Heckscher-Ohlin theorem (H-O theorem )6.Factor-price equalization(H-O-S)theorem7.Leontief paradoxCh68.Intra-industry trade / Intra-industry trade indexCh79.Balanced growth10.Rybczynski theorem11.Neutral technical progress / Labor-saving technical progress/ capital–saving technical progressCh812.Consumption effect of a tariff / production effect of a tariff / Revenue effect of a tariff/ Protection cost or deadweight Loss of a tariff13.Nominal tariff / Rate of effective protection14.Stolper-Samuelson theoremCh915.Quota16.Nontariff trade barriers ( NTBs ) / new protectionism17.V oluntary export restraints ( VERs )18.Dumping / Persistent dumping / Predatory dumping / Sporadic dumpingCh1019.Economic integration20.Preferential trade arrangements / Free trade area / Customs union/ Common market / Economic union21.Trade creation / Trade diversion论述分析题:Ch21.In what way was Ricardo’s law of comparative advantage superior to Smith’s theory ofabsolute advantage? How do gains from trade arise with comparative of all commodities export anything to the second nation?2.Suppose that Table below the United States exchanges 4W for 4C with the UnitedKingdom.TableU.S. U.K.Wheat(bushels/man-hour) 4 1Cloth(yards/man-hour) 3 2(1)How much does the United States gains?(2)How much does the United Kingdom gains?(3)What is the range for mutually beneficial trade?(4)How much would each nation gain if they exchanged 4W for 6C instead?Ch33.Why dose specialization in production with relative commodity prices in the two nations areequalized? How is the equilibrium-relative commodity price with trade determined? (Draw the figure to show)4.What is meant by gains from exchange? By gains from specialization? (Draw the figure toshow)Ch45.How is the equilibrium relative commodity price with trade determined with demand andsupply curves? (Draw the figure to show)6.How do offer curves define the equilibrium relative commodity price at which trade takesplace? Why couldn’t. any other relative commodity price persist?Ch57.What does the Heckscher-Ohlin theory postulate? Which force do Heckscher and Ohlinidentify as the basic determinant of comparative advantage and trade?8.What is meant by the Leontief paradox? What are some possible explanations of theparadox? How can human capital contribute to the explanation of the paradox?Ch69.How can intra-industry trade be measured? What are the shortcomings of such a measure?10.How can international trade take place according to the technological gap model? Whatcriticisms are leveled against this model? What does the product cycle model postulate?What are the various stages in a product life cycle?11.Find the degree of intra-industry trade if exports and imports are, respectively,(a)1000 and 1000(b)1000 and 750(c)1000 and 500(d)1000 and 25(e)1000 and 0Ch712.What does the Rybczynski theorem postulate? (Draw a figure to show)Ch813.What is meant by the consumption, production, trade, revenue, and redistribution effects ofa tariff? What is meant by the protection cost, or deadweight loss, of a tariff? How is themeasured? (Draw a figure with partial equilibrium analysis to explain the effects of an import tariff on the small nation )14.What is difference between a nominal tariff and a effect tariff? What is the usefulness of theconcept of effective protection? How is the rate of effective protection measured?15.What is the effect of the tariff on the degree of specialization in production in a small nation?The volume of trade? The welfare of the nation? The distribution of income between the nation’s relatively abundant and scarce factors?Ch916.What is an import quota? How is it mostly used today? What are the partial equilibriumeffects of an import quota? How are they similar to and different from the effects of an equivalent import tariff?17.What is meant by strategic and industrial trade policy? What is its relevance?Ch1018.What is meant by economic integration? a preferential trade arrangement? A free-trade area?A customs union? A common market? An economic union? Give an example of each.. Whatare the different types of economic integration?19.What is meant by trade creation? What static welfare effects will a trade-creating customsunion have on member nations and on the rest of the world? How do these static welfare effects arise? How are they measured?20.What is meant by trade diversion? What static welfare effects will a trade-diverting customsunion have on member nations and on the rest of the world? How do these static welfare effects arise? How are they measure?。

2012国际贸易原理_复习题_国贸_...

2012国际贸易原理_复习题_国贸_...

2012《国际贸易原理》复习题Book:Dominick Salvatore <International Economics>清华大学2004.6名词解释:Ch11.InterdependenceCh22.Basis for trade3.Gains from trade / Gains from exchange / Gains from Specialization4.Pattern of trade5.Absolute advantagew of comparative advantage7.Opportunity costplete Specialization / Incomplete specializationCh39.Increasing opportunity costsmunity indifference curveCh411.Offer curves / reciprocal demand curves12.Terms of tradeCh513.Factor abundance / factor endowments14.Factor intensity / Labor-intensive commodity / Capital-intensive commodity15.Heckscher-Ohlin theorem (H-O theorem )16.Factor-price equalization(H-O-S)theorem17.Leontief paradox18.Human capital19.Factor-intensity reversalCh620.Increasing returns to scale21.External economies22.Differentiated products23.Intra-industry trade / Intra-industry trade indexCh724.Balanced growth25.Rybczynski theorem26.Neutral technical progress / Labor-saving technical progress/ capital–saving technical progress27.Protrade production and consumption28.Antitrade production and consumption29.Neutrade production and consumption30.Immiserizing growthCh831.Import tariff / Export tariff32.Ad valorem tariff / specific tariff / Compound tariff33.Consumption effect of a tariff / production effect of a tariff / Revenue effect of a tariff/ Protection cost or deadweight Loss of a tariff34.Nominal tariff / Rate of effective protection35.Prohibitive tariff / Optimum tariff36.Stolper-Samuelson theoremCh937.Quota38.Nontariff trade barriers ( NTBs ) / new protectionism39.V oluntary export restraints ( VERs )40.Dumping / Persistent dumping / Predatory dumping / Sporadic dumping41.Export subsidies42.Most-favored-nation principle43.International Trade Organization (ITO)44.Escape clause45.National security clause46.Uruguay Round47.World Trade Organization48.Infant industryCh1049.Economic integration50.Preferential trade arrangements / Free trade area / Customs union/ Common market / Economic union51.Trade creation / Trade diversion52.European Union (EU) / North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)53.Engine of growth54.Vent for surplusmodity terms of trade / net barter terms of trade / Income terms of trade56.Buffer stocksCh 1257.Portfolio investments / Portfolio theory58.Direct investments / Foreign direct investment ( FDI )59.Risk diversification60.Horizontal integration61.Vertical integration62.Multinational corporations (MNCs)63.Transfer pricing论述分析题:Ch11.How can we get a rough measure of the interdependence of each nation with the rest of theworld?2.What do you think the better or worse to the nation with larger interdependence with the restof the world? Why ?Ch23.What was the basis for and the pattern of trade according to Adam Smith? How were gainsfrom trade generated? What policies did Smith advocate in international trade?4.In what way was Ricardo’s law of comparative advantage superior to Smith’s theory ofabsolute advantage? How do gains from trade arise with comparative of all commodities export anything to the second nation?5.What is meaning by complete specialization? By incomplete specialization? Why do bothnations gain from trade in the first instance but only the small nation in the second?6.Suppose that Table below the United States exchanges 4W for 4C with the United Kingdom.(2)How much does the United Kingdom gains?(3)What is the range for mutually beneficial trade?(4)How much would each nation gain if they exchanged 4W for 6C instead?Ch37.What is meant by the equilibrium relative commodity price in isolation? How is this pricedetermined in each nation? How dose it define the na tion’s comparative advantage? (Draw the figure to show)8.Why dose specialization in production with trade proceed only up to the point where relativecommodity prices in the two nations are equalized? How is the equilibrium-relative commodity price with trade determined? (Draw the figure to show)9.Why is there incomplete specialization in production (even in a smaller nation) withincreasing opportunity costs? How are the results under in creasing costs different from the fixed-costs case? (Draw the figure to show)10.What is meant by gains from exchange? By gains from specialization? (Draw the figure toshow)11.Can specialization in production and mutually beneficial trade be based solely on a differencein tastes between two nations? How is this different from the more general case? (Draw the figure to show)12.Can specialization in production and mutually beneficial trade be based exclusively on adifference in factor endowments and/or technology between two nations? (Draw the figure to show)Ch413.How can the supply curve of exports and the demand curve of imports of a commodity bederived from the total demand and supply curves of a commodity in the two nations?14.How is the equilibrium relative commodity price with trade determined with demand andsupply curves? (Draw the figure to show)15.How do offer curves define the equilibrium relative commodity price at which trade takesplace? Why couldn’t any other relative commodity price persist?Ch516.What is meant by labor-intensive commodity? Capital-intensive commodity? Capital-laborratio?17.What is meant by capital-abundant nation? What determines the shapes of the productionfrontier of each nation?18.What does the Heckscher-Ohlin theory postulate? Which force do Heckscher and Ohlinidentify as the basic determinant of comparative advantage and trade?19.What does the factor-price equalization theorem postulate? What is its relationship to theinternational mobility of factors of production?20.What is meant by the Leontief paradox? What are some possible explanations of the paradox?How can human capital contribute to the explanation of the paradox?21.*Explain the effects of trade on the short-run distribution of income under specific-factorsmodel, in Nation 1 or Nation 2 (suppose that labor is mobile and capital is immobile between industries in the short-run, Nation 1 is L-abundant, Nation 2 is K-abundant, X is the L-intensive commodity and Y is the K-intensive commodity, capital(K) is the specific to or immobile between the two industries )Ch622.What is meant by economies of scale? How can they be the basis for international trade?23.What is meant by product differentiation? Why does this result in imperfect competition?How can international trade be based on product differentiation?24.How can intra-industry trade be measured? What are the shortcomings of such a measure?25.How can international trade take place according to the technological gap model? Whatcriticisms are leveled against this model? What does the product cycle model postulate? What are the various stages in a product life cycle?26.What is the relationship between transportation costs and nontraded goods and services? Howto transportation costs affect the H-O theorem? How do they affect the factor-price equalization theorem?27.What is meant by resource-oriented industries? Market-oriented industries? Footlooseindustries? What determines the classification of the industry? How does this affect the pattern of international trade?28.Find the degree of intra-industry trade if exports and imports are, respectively,(a)1000 and 1000(b)1000 and 750(c)1000 and 500(d)1000 and 25(e)1000 and 0Ch729.What effect do the various types of factor growth have on the growing nation’s productionfrontier? What is meant by balanced growth? (Draw a figure to show)30.What does the Rybczynski theorem postulate? (Draw a figure to show)31.Explain neutral, labor-saving, and capital-saving technical progress. (Draw a figure to show)32.How does neutral technical progress in the production of either or both commodities affect thenation’s production frontier? Which type of techni cal progress corresponds to balanced factor growth as far as its effect on the growing nation’s production frontier is concerned? (Draw a figure to show)33.What is meant by production and/or consumption being protrade, antitrade, or neutral? (Drawa figure to show)34.Which sources of growth are most likely to be protrade? Which sources of growth are mostlikely to be antitrade? Which types of commodities are most likely to result in protrade consumption? Antitrade consumption? (Draw a figure to show)35.What is the terms-of-trade effect of growth? What is the wealth effect of growth? How can wemeasure the change in the welfare of the nation as a result of growth and trade when the nation is too small to affect relative commodity prices? When the nation is large enough to affect relative commodity prices? (Draw a figure to show)36.Which types of growth will most likely lead to a decline in the nation’s welfare? What ismeant by immiserizing growth? Which type of growth will most likely lead to an increase in the natio n’s welfare? (Draw a figure to show)Ch837.What is meant by the consumption, production, trade, revenue, and redistribution effects of atariff? What is meant by the protection cost, or deadweight loss, of a tariff? How is the measured? (Draw a figure with partial equilibrium analysis to explain the effects of an import tariff on the small nation )38.What is difference between a nominal tariff and a effective tariff? What is the usefulness ofthe concept of effective protection? How is the rate of effective protection measured?39.What is the tariff structure of industrial nations? why is this of special concern to developingnations? What is the most serious shortcoming of the concept and measure of effective protection?40.What is the effect of the tariff on the degree of specialization in production in a small nation?The volume of trade? The welfare of the nation? The distribution of income between the nation’s relatively abundant and scarce factors?41.What is meant by the optimum tariff? What is its relationship to changes in the nation’s termsof trade and volume of trade? (Draw a figure to show)Ch942.What is an import quota? How is it mostly used today? What are the partial equilibriumeffects of an import quota? How are they similar to and different from the effects of an equivalent import tariff?43.What are the technical, administrative, and other nontariff barriers to trade? How do theyrestrict trade? What is important of these nontariff trade barriers relative to tariff barriers today?44.What is meant by dumping? What are the different types of dumping? Why is dumpingundertaken? What conditions are required to make dumping possible? Why does dumping usually lead to trade restrictions?45.Why does nation subsidize exports? To what problems do these subsidies give rise?46.What is the infant-industry argument for protection? How must this argument be qualified?47.What is meant by strategic and industrial trade policy? What is its relevance?Ch1048.What is meant by economic integration? a preferential trade arrangement? A free-trade area?A customs union? A common market? An economic union? Give an example of each. Whatare the different types of economic integration?49.What is meant by trade creation? What static welfare effects will a trade-creating customsunion have on member nations and on the rest of the world? How do these static welfare effects arise? How are they measured? (Draw a figure to show)50.What is meant by trade diversion? What static welfare effects will a trade-diverting customsunion have on member nations and on the rest of the world? How do these static welfare effects arise? How are they measure? (Draw a figure to show)Ch1151.Why do developing nations want to industrialize? What is meant by import substitution? Byexport-oriented policies? What are the advantages of each as a method of industrialization for developing nations?Ch1252.In what sense are international flows of productive resources a substitute for internationalcommodity trade?53.What are the basic motives for international portfolio investments? What additional reasonsare required to explain direct foreign investments?54.How can two-way international capital investments be explained? What is meant by riskdiversification? Horizontal integration? Vertical integration?55.What is the effect of foreign investments on the national income of the investing and hostnations? What is the effect on the relative share of national income going to capital and labor in each nation? (Draw a figure to explain)56.What are some of the problems created by multinational corporations in the home country? Inthe host country? How have host countries attempted to limit the alleged harmful effects and increase the beneficial effects of multinational corporations?。

国际贸易原理试题及答案

国际贸易原理试题及答案

国际贸易原理试题及答案一、单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 国际贸易中,商品和服务的交换是在不同国家之间进行的,这体现了国际贸易的什么特点?A. 跨国性B. 互补性C. 竞争性D. 互利性答案:A2. 绝对优势理论是由哪位经济学家提出的?A. 大卫·李嘉图B. 亚当·斯密C. 约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯D. 阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔答案:B3. 以下哪个选项不是国际贸易中常见的贸易壁垒?A. 关税B. 配额C. 出口补贴D. 反倾销税答案:C4. 世界贸易组织(WTO)的主要职能是什么?A. 促进全球贸易自由化B. 制定国际贸易规则C. 解决国际贸易争端D. 所有以上答案:D5. 以下哪个不是自由贸易区的特点?A. 区域内商品自由流通B. 区域内商品零关税C. 区域内商品需满足原产地规则D. 区域内商品需缴纳关税答案:D二、多项选择题(每题3分,共15分)1. 以下哪些因素会影响一国的国际竞争力?A. 技术创新B. 劳动力成本C. 汇率波动D. 政府政策答案:ABCD2. 保护贸易政策可能带来的负面影响包括:A. 国内消费者成本增加B. 国内产业竞争力下降C. 国际贸易摩擦加剧D. 国内就业机会增加答案:ABC3. 以下哪些是国际贸易中常见的支付方式?A. 信用证B. 汇票C. 现金交易D. 电子汇款答案:ABCD三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)1. 简述比较优势理论的主要内容。

答案:比较优势理论认为,即使一个国家在所有商品的生产上都没有绝对优势,只要存在相对优势,就可以通过专注于生产相对优势最大的商品,并通过贸易来获取其他商品,从而实现资源的最优配置和福利的最大化。

2. 什么是最惠国待遇?答案:最惠国待遇是指一个国家给予另一个国家在贸易、航海、税收等方面最优惠的待遇,并且这种待遇是自动扩展到所有其他国家的。

这意味着任何国家都不能获得比其他国家更优惠的待遇。

国际贸易学复习题库及答案

国际贸易学复习题库及答案

国际贸易学复习题库及答案1、逾期接受是否生效,主要取决于()的意思表示.A、发盘人B、受盘人C、出口地银行D、传递接受通知的人答案:A2、李斯特认为,即使是处在农工业时期的国家,也不应该保护所有产品,而只应该对国内的()实行保护。

A、畜牧业B、农业C、幼稚工业D、奢侈品为主的精制品工业答案:C3、以下我出口商品的单价,只有()的表达是正确的。

A、250美元/桶CIF伦敦B、250美元/桶CIF广州C、250美元/桶D、250美元答案:A4、The?booking?note?is?issued?by?the(?)?requesting?allocation?of?shipping?space.A、carrier to the agentB、carrier to the shipperC、shipper to the carrierD、carrier to the consignee答案:C5、在一国关税体系中,税率最高的是()A、最惠国税B、普通税C、特惠税D、普惠制答案:B6、凡货样难以达到完全一致的,不宜采用A、凭说明买卖B、凭样品买卖C、凭等级买卖D、凭规格买卖答案:B7、信用证开立的基础是买卖合同,又是开证行对受益人的有条件的付款承诺,所以,当信用证条款与买卖合同规定不一致时,受益人可以要求< >A、开证行修改B、开证申请人修改C、通知行修改D、保兑行修改答案:B8、因为销售旺季已过,或因公司改营其他业务,在国内市场上不能售出“剩余货物”,而向国外市场倾销,称之为()。

A、长期性倾销B、间歇性倾销C、掠夺性倾销D、偶然性倾销答案:D9、就卖方风险而言A、CIF比CFR大B、CIF与CFR相同C、CFR比CIF大D、有时CIF大,有时CFR大答案:B10、海运提单之所以能够向银行办理抵押贷款,是因为()。

A、海运提单是承运人签发的货物收据B、海运提单可以转让C、海运提单是运输契约的证明D、海运提单具有物权凭证的性质答案:D11、邮政运输的主要单据是()。

大学_《国际贸易原理》模拟试题及答案

大学_《国际贸易原理》模拟试题及答案

《国际贸易原理》模拟试题及答案《国际贸易原理》模拟试题及答案(一)一、填空题(每空1分,共2O分)1、国际贸易额是世界各国(地区)________贸易值的总和、2、产业内贸易,是指两个以上国家_________产业部门内的某一项产品同时发生 _________的活动。

3、最常用的贸易条件有__________________和______________ 两种、4、关税的征收方法主要有_______和________ 两种。

5、洛美协定是_______与非、加、太国家间所签订的一个经济和贸易协定。

6、总贸易和专门贸易是两种不同的统计进出口贸易的标准,总贸易以______作为统计进出口的标准,专门贸易以______作为统计进出口的标准。

7、对外直接投资主要有四种形式:_____、8、战后出现的第一个国际经济一体化组织是_______,简称________、9、世界贸易组织争端解决机制最集中地体现在世界贸易组织章程的附件二,即____中。

10、普遍优惠制的特点是______,_______和________、二、名词解释(每题 4分,共 16分)1、对外贸易依存度2、完税价格3、贸易转向4、国际商品协定三、选择题 (将正确答案的标号填在题后的括号里。

每题2分,共16分)1、一国拥有的劳动要素充裕,就应该专门生产劳动密集型产品对外进行交换。

这种说法来自( )A、李嘉图的比较成本理论B、李斯特的保护幼稚工业理论C、俄林的要素禀赋理论D、凯恩斯的新重商主义贸易理论2、完全可以脱离世界“自由市场”价格,由跨国公司自行决定的价格是( )。

A、垄断价格B、管理价格C、协定价格D、转移价格3、马克思和恩格斯在评价自由贸易政策和保护贸易政策时认为( )。

A、自由贸易政策能促进资本主义经济和贸易的发展,因而优于保护贸易政策B、保护贸易政策能保护本国幼稚工业的成长,促进社会生产力的发展,因而优于自由贸易政策C、两种政策都是为资产阶级利益服务的,因而都是不可取的D、两种政策都是为资产阶级利益服务的,但在不同的历史条件下,在不同的国家里,它们的意义和作用井不一样,因而要具体情况具体分析4、关税壁垒通常是指( )A、高额的进口税B、高额的出口税C、高额的国境税D、高额的附加税5、各种国内税,作为一种限制进口的措施,它的特点是( )。

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一、概念题
答:外汇倾销:这是出口企业利用本币对外贬值的机会,争夺国外市场的特殊手段。

当一国贷币贬值后,该国出口商品在国际市场上上外币标价,其价格将比以前降低,这样可以提高该商品的竞争能力,扩大出口。

与此同时,对货币贬值国来说,其进口商品纳价格反而上
使货币贬值起到了促进出口和限制进口的双重作用。

答:关税同盟:是指成员国之间彻底取消了在产品贸易中的关税和数量限制,使商品在成员国之间可以自由流动。

另外,成员国之间还规定对来自非成员国的进口商品采取统一的限制政策,关税同盟外的商品不论进入哪个同盟内的成员国,都将被征收相同的关税税率。

答:区域经济—体化:是指两个或两个以上的国家或地区,通过相互协商制定经济贸易政策和措施。

并缔结经济条约或协定,在经济上结合起来形成—个区域性经济贸易联合体的过程。

答:剔除了商品价格变动因素的影响,单纯反应对外货物贸易的数量规模,被称为对外贸易量。

公式=对外贸易额/商品价格指数
答:
答:
出口信贷国家担保制:指国家为了扩大出口,对于本国出口厂商或商业银行向外国进口厂商或银行提供的信贷,由国家设立的专门机构出面担保。

当外国债务人拒绝付款时,这个国家机构即按照承保的数额给予补偿。

答:所谓技术性贸易壁垒,是指一国以维护国家安全或保护人类健康和安全,保护动植物的生命和健康,保护生态环境,或防止欺诈行为,保证产品质量为由,采取一些强制性或非强制性的技术性措施,这些措施成为其他国家商品自由进入该国的障碍。

对外贸易依存度:也称对外贸易系数,系一国的对外贸易值对国民生产总值的比率。

可分为出口依存度和进口依存度。

六、简答题
目的:(1)保护本国的市场;(2)扩大本国产品的出口市场;(3)促进本国产业结构的改善;
(4)积累资本或资金;(5)维护本国的对外政治关系。

外汇倾销:出口企业利用本国货币对外贬值的机会,争夺国外市场的特殊手段。

作用:促进出口
限制条件:货币贬值程度大于国内物价上涨得程度;其它国家不实行同等程度的贬值和采取其他报复性措施。

贸易协定是缔约国之间为巩固和发展彼此间经济、贸易关系而签订的一种书面协议,其内容通常包括:贸易额、双方出口货物作价办法、使用货币、支付方式、关税优惠等。

对于贸易额和双方进出口货单的规定,往往不是硬性的。

在具体执行过程中,可通过双方协商加以协调.其内容比较具体,签订的程序也比较简单,有效期也较短。

形式:双边贸易协定,即由两国签订的贸易协定和多边贸易协定,即由三个或三个以上的国家通过谈判而签订的贸易协定。

按时间划分为年度贸易协定和长期贸易协定。

一般来说,签订双边的、年度的贸易协定较多,多边的和长期的就比较少。

关税的种类主要有:进口税,出口税,进口附加税,差价税,优惠关税和普遍优惠关税等。

自由港或自由贸易区,以发展转口贸易、取得商业方面的收益为主,是面向商业的;而出口加工区,以发展出口加工工业,取得工业方面的收益为主,是面向工业的。

四个特点:(1)贷款必须全部或大部分用于购买提供贷国家的出口商品。

(2)出口信贷利率低于市场利率,其利差由出口国政府给予补贴。

(3)出口信贷的贷款金额,通常约占买卖合同金额的85%左右,其余10%一15%由进口厂商作为订金,先支付现金。

(4)出口信贷的发放与信贷担保相结合,以避免或减少信贷风险。

五、计算题
1、假定某国净贸易条件以 2000 年为基期是 100,2010 年时出口价格指数下降 10%,进口价格指数上升 5%;同期出口商品劳动生产率提高 20%,进口商品劳动生产率提高 15%;试
问该国 2010
答:D=(PX/PM)*(ZX/ZM)*100
= (90/105)*(120/115)*100 =89.44
2、日本进口手表300只,每只5000日元,每只手表征收从价税15%并加征从量税150日
元/
答:混合税额=从量税额+从价税额
=300×150+5000×15%×300=270000(日元)
3、一国 2009年进、出口额分别是 300 亿美元和 320 亿美元,国民生产总值是 1800 亿
该国2009年对外贸易依存度=(300+320)÷1800=34.4%
4、自由贸易时,某国从国际市场上直接进口运动衫成品的价格是10美元;而如果进口原料来自己生产,则进口生产一件运动衫的原料的价格是5美元。

为了保护国内生产,该国决定对运动衫成品征收100%关税,对原料进口征收50%关税。

问在该种关税结构下,此国对运
效保护率大于名义税率;
七、论述题
1.请论述历史上对贸易保护持赞成态度的贸易政策及其代表人物和主要观点。

2.试述“里昂惕夫之迷”,并说明对其作出解释各学说。

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