必修五第四单元练习(学)
人教版新教材必修五unit4单元测试
Unit 4 Making the newsⅡ. 单项选择，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳答案完成句子1. We have tried several means but failed. Now it is clear to us that only in that way _________ the event from the onlookers.A. we will be able to find out aboutB. will we be able to find out aboutC. do we find out aboutD. we find out about2. He has travelled to many countries. Not only _________ his view, but also _________ several foreign languages.A. he has broadened; he has picked upB. he has broadened; has he picked upC. has he broadened; he has picked upD. has he broadened; has he picked up3. Not until _________ how difficult it was to be a good reporter.A. did the chief editor tell me I realizedB. the chief editor told me I realizedC. the chief editor told me did I realizedD. the chief editor told me did I realize4. He is mean about money. On no condition_________ even a cent from him.A. you can borrowB. you can lendC. can you borrowD. can you lend5. Zhou is to interview a teacher who lives in a small village. He is told that in front of the teacher‟s house _________.A. stand two stone lionsB. stands two stone lionsC. two stone lions standD. lies two stone lions6. When applying for the position, he was asked to fill in a form, in which he should write down his name, age, address, _________ and marital（婚姻的）status.A. occupationB. tradeC. businessD. career7. Yang is to study abroad to get his doctor‟s degree in journalism. Now he _______ the exam.A. is concentrating to passB. is concentrating on passingC. is concentrated on passingD. is concentrated to pass8. Amy wants to choose Spanish as her major when studying in college. However, she finds it is not easy to find a college that offers Spanish_________.A. lessonsB. lecturesC. speechesD. courses9. _________ cover the events accurately, a journalist has to do a lot of work to acquire all theinformation he or she needs to know.A. So thatB. So as toC. In order thatD. In order to10. In no case does a person look forward to_________.A. accuse of guiltyB. being accused of being guiltyC. accuse of being guiltyD. being accused of guilty11. Not a single song at yesterday‟s party.A. she sangB. sang sheC. did she singD. she did sing12. ―You forgot your purse when you went out.―Good heavens, .A. so did IB. so I didC. I did soD. I so did13. Only when your identity has been checked .A. you are allowed inB. you will be allowed inC. will you allowed inD. will you be allowed in14. Which one is more important, the or the final result?A. procedureB. meanwhileC. processD. procession15. He is the lawyer for a big Olympic project.A. chiefB. mainC. leadingD. majorⅢ. 根据汉语提示及所给的重点词语完成下列句子1. —It‟s burning hot today, isn‟t it?—Yes. __________（昨天也一样）yesterday. (so)2. Never in my wildest dreams___________（我能够想象到）those people are living in such poor conditions. (imagine)3. Only then ___________（她才意识到）how much damage had been caused. (realize)4. — Father, you promised!— Well, __________（我确实答应过）. But it was you who didn‟t keep your word first. (so) 5. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______（他们知道）about German. (know)Ⅳ. 从框中所给的句子中选出适当的句子完成下面的对话Tom: Do you usually read newspapers?Jack: 1Tom: Why are you so stuck to it?Jack: Compared to the other forms of mass media, it is much cheaper and more convenient. Tom: So you are crazy about mass media?Jack: No. 2 I can judge and decide what to read and when to read.Tom: 3Jack: Indeed, everything. I usually read newspapers on my way to office.Tom: Why not watch TV?Jack: Because the broadcasting time is fixed, not so flexible.Tom: 4Jack: Yes, I agree with that. Indeed, recently, I watch the World Cup through Internet.Tom: I often surf the Internet. 5Jack: You mean the traditional media are remote from life?Tom: To some degree, they are.Jack: 6Tom: That‟s true, especially in your mind. You are a great newspaper fan.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.Ⅴ. 完形填空Best wishes are but magical power, which can warm your heart and change your life.She still remembers clearly the day when they got 1 . She, the bride, and her husband, the groom, stood at the door of the church as their 2 filed past. From theirfellow workers and old school classmates came cheerful good wishes clothed in friendly jokes.3 , most of her relatives were not pleased. Even their parents had an argument at the church. They could not4 their marriage.But they thought they were the happiest couple in the world, though they would have to live in a borrowed house and they couldn‟t 5 a honeymoon.The last person to approach them was a short, fat, elderly woman who smiled as she 6 them, not by name but as “wife” and “husband”. She told them she was7 to tell them they would live a 8 life and be happy, and that they would work hard and love each other. Before they realized they should say something to her, the women 9 so quickly. They stood there face to face, surprised, because they never knew anything about the woman.With the passage of time, they had children and grandchildren. They worked hard and led an ordinary but really happy life. Every year around their 10 , she and her husband would11 the events of the day, especially the strange message conveyed by the 12 woman.Every time her husband would insist the elderly woman did attend their wedding 13 . But she knew the woman was on some heavenly mission.Now her husband has passed away. She missed him so much. One day, when she collected her husband‟s books, she found a note saying:“Wife, I love yo u. Now, it is time to stop wondering whether the woman came from 14 or a nearby town. What 15 is this: whoever she was, she was right. She is our angel in the wrong shape.”1. A. mad B. married C. together D. parted2. A. friends B. fellow workers C. relatives D. guests3. A. However B. But C. Therefore D. Anyway4. A. receive B. allow C. accept D. admire5. A. offer B. supply C. support D. afford6. A. congratulated B. celebrated C. honoured D. prayed7. A. here B. ordered C. there D. asked8. A. hard B. sad C. good D. miserable9. A. flew B. disappeared C. walked D. dismissed10. A. wedding B. marriage C. birthday D. anniversary11. A. remind B. recall C. memorize D. recite12. A. strange B. common C. mad D. normal13. A. intentionally B. accidentally C. purposefully D. wonderfully14. A. hell B. sky C. outer space D. heaven15. A. troubles B. matters C. affects D. resultsⅥ. 阅读理解，根据短文内容选择最佳答案（A）To be a good interviewer you must learn to listen―both to others and to yourself.“A lot of times we beat ourselves,” says Pat Stith, a Pulitzer-winning investigative reporter for the Raleigh News & Observer. “We don‟t listen. We don‟t ask simple questions. We just talk, and we talk, and we talk. We forget why we‟re there. (We are there to acquire information.) When we‟re talking, we‟re not acquiring anything.”Effective interviewing is a pillar of good reporting and writing. The ability to talk comfortably with people and to persuade them to give you information is one of the reporter‟s most important skills. Yet journalists get little or no training in this vital aspect of their job. Most learn by painful trial and error.To help rectify（调整）that situation, this Best Newspaper Writing brown bag is devoted to interviewing skills. Listen to winners and finalists talk about successful interviewing techniques, practise some of these tips, and explore other resources.“Somebody once wrote that there‟s no more seductive sentence in the English language than, …I want to hear your story,‟ and maybe they‟re right,” Albom said in Best Newspaper Writing 1996. “Because often you don‟t have to do any more than just say that.”During my reporting career, using a tape recorder taught me my most important lesson of interviewing: to shut up. It was a painful learning experience, having to listen to myself stepping on people‟s words, cutting them off just as they were getting enthusiastic or appeared about to make a revealing statement. There were far too many times I heard myself asking overly long and leading questions, instead of simply saying, “Why?” or “How did it happen?” or “What do you mean?” and then closing my mouth and letting people answer.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. How to talk with peopleB. How to ask questionsC. The experience of a reporterD. Listening―the important skill of successful interviewing2. “… there‟s no more seductive sentence in the English language than, …I want to hear your story,‟…” implies .A. “I want to hear your story” sounds very pleasant to the earsB. as an interviewer it‟s important to offer chances to others to talkC. people are happy to tell you a story if you tell them “I want to hear your story”D. people are cheated to talk if they hear “I want to hear your story”3. In the last paragraph the underlined word “It” refers to “”.A. to shut up when others are talkingB. interviewing some important personsC. using a tape recorder in an interviewD. having to listen to myself stepping on people‟s words, cutting them off just as they weregetting enthusiastic or appeared about to make a revealing statement4. According to the passage it‟s safe to say .A. only through special training can a reporter learn the skill of interviewingB. a reporter should keep his mouth closed and let people talk all the timeC. interviewing plays an important role in reporting and writingD. any reporter can get useful information when he (she) gives an interview to people（B）She is one of the China‟s fifty most successful business leaders and she has been described as being “bigger than Oprah”. Well known to one billion viewers, Yang Lan is among China‟s most popular TV personalities. Born in Beijing in 1968, Yang Lan began her career as the host for the popular “Zheng Da TV show”. She was only 21 at the time and had just graduated from Beijing Foreign Studies University. Becoming the host of a show with an audience of 200 million at such a young age was a big challenge, but Yang Lan was ready for it and quickly becamepopular.Many of us would probably have stayed on to enjoy the fame and money that come with being a TV star, but Yang Lan had more important plans. She left the show after four years and went to New York City to get a Master‟s degree at Columbia University. Her experience abroad inspired her and she made up her mind to create a new kind of TV station for Chinese viewers. When Yang Lan returned to China, she decided to develop her interests in business. Together with her husband, she started her own media company, Sun Media.When Yang Lan grew up, TV was a new thing at the time, but Yang Lan thought that the powerful medium could be used in a different way. She wanted to make new shows that were both entertaining and educational. When she was studying abroad, she produced a feature show called “Horizon”. The show introduced American popular culture to Chinese viewers. Viewers liked the first season of “Horizon”, but Yang Lan wanted to do something more serious and meaningful. The following year, she began in interviewing important people, such as Dr Henry Kissinger, and discussing social issues. Her viewers were pleased and the show became even more popular. She later devoted “Yang Lan One on One”, having interviewing more than 300 opinion leaders around the world.Note:Oprah－Oprah Winfrey, the American TV personality.5. In the first paragraph, “bigger than Oprah” means .A. stronger and taller than OprahB. more successful and popular than OprahC. more powerful than OprahD. more important than Oprah6. In which order did the following things happen to Yang Lan?a. producing a feature show called “Horizon”b. becoming the host of a show with an audience of 200 millionc. studying for a Master‟s degree at Columbia Universityd. starting her own media company, Sun Mediae. studying in Beijing Foreign Studies UniversityA. e, b, c, a, dB. b, e, d, c, aC. e, b, d, c, aD. b, e, c, d, a7. What kind of TV show does Yang Lan want to create?A. Informative.B. Entertaining.C. Meaningful.D. Both entertaining and educational.8. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. A successful womanB. A woman of great achievementC. In the public eyesD. A successful business leaderⅦ. 书面表达假如你是《21世纪少年英语报》的记者，你出席了第四届“21世纪杯”全国中学生英语演讲比赛，并采集了相关文字资料，请你根据资料写一篇英文报道。
人教版必修五 第四单元 Unit 4单元测试题 含答案
Unit 4 Making the news第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
ADear students,I am Jeremy C. Curimao and it is my great pleasure to share with you my experience in journalism.What a year it has been! Since I decided to choose Journalism earlier on in the year, my ideas and thoughts about journalism in general have really changed. From the news articles I have written to the documentaries (纪录片) our class has watched, I have certainly gained quite a broad knowledge about journalism.I am very thankful for this class. Believe it or not, I am going to college to major in Journalism! I am going to San Francisco State University in the fall to get my general education done and hopefully stay with my major, which is Online / Print Journalism! Taking this high school course was a really good choice on my part and I plan to develop my writing and publishing skills in college.It is very unfortunate that Journalism will not be a main course next year, and I was really saddened by the news. Despite (不管) this discomforting piece of information, I am glad that the newspaper will still continue to be published in a school club.I leave this course with a new confidence in writing. I hope that other writers now in Oceana will be equally inspired and finally join the Journalism Club in hopes of taking charge of The Weekly Fog.Thank you.Yours,Jeremy C. Curimao21. What did the author do in the past year?A. He entered a college.B. He learned a lot about journalism.C. He published articles in a newspaper.D. He changed his plan to take up Journalism.22. What does the author plan to do this fall?A. Attend San Francisco State University.B. Take more high school courses.C. Be a newspaper journalist.D. Set up a training class.23. Why is the author unpleased?A. He will leave the class.B. He has failed to inspire other students.C. He has lost his chance to major in Journalism.D. He knows Journalism will become a less important subject.BKeeping fit often means sharing a busy pathway (小路) with cyclists, runners and walkers, but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face, unless someone agrees to be their eyes and ears.Newly formed group Achilles Brisbane pairs vision- and hearing-impaired (视觉和听觉受损的) athletes with a person who would like to guide them.“When we go out, we’re always going out into an unknown course,” said Achilles Brisbane president Jane Britt, who is both vi sion and hearing impaired. “It’s much less frightening to have someone beside you that has full hearing to listen for you and tell you what’s there.”Ms Cullen and Ms Britt meet up most Saturday mornings to take part in the free five-kilometre Southbank park run. Their partnership is built on trust, but Ms Britt said that it took time to develop.Ms Britt said it took an unexpected storm for her to trust Ms Cullen completely. “There was violent rain, my glasses were broken and we were walking together,” she said. “I suddenly had to tell her I couldn’t see anything, and I was going to have tocompletely trust her. From that time I knew it was going to work because she was so good about dealing with the special situation we both found ourselves in.”Isabella Allen and her seeing-eye dog Tatum are two new additions to the Achilles programme. Ms Allen kept active by running and cycling but found it difficult to keep going as her vision became worse. After nearly giving up completely, she worked up the courage to ask Brisbane to find someone to share a boat with her.Ms Allen said the fear of not finding anyone to row with almost stopped her from reaching out to Achilles Brisbane. “But, they found people and matched me to them,” she said. “It’s the best thing I’ve ever done.”24. What does Paragraph 1 try to show?A. The exercise people do to keep fit.B. The danger of walking on a busy road.C. The difficulty the disabled athletes face.D. The necessity of building roads for the blind.25. How does Jane Britt feel about going out alone?A. Worried.B. Relaxed.C. Excited.D. Bored.26. What happened in the heavy rain according to Ms Britt?A. She fell down on the ground.B. She led Ms Cullen forward on the road.C. She developed a strong sense of teamwork.D. She began to rely on Ms Cullen as her guide.27. What was the best thing Ms Allen has done?A. Asking Brisbane for help.B. Working in Brisbane.C. Exercising non-stop.D. Meeting Tatum.CIf you could design your own school and study whatever you wanted, what would you choose to learn?This isn’t an unlikely question for students at Monument Mountain Regional High School, who are taking part in an activity called the Independent Project. The program is a special school within the Massachusetts public high sch ool that’s completely run by students — no teachers, parents, or adults are allowed — and they’re in charge of deciding their whole curriculum (课程).These teens’ homework and what they study in the classroom are all totally up to them. Charles Tsai, a journalist, made a 15-minute film about the project that shows the wide variety of activities different students join.Students aren’t taking this lightly — instead of reacting irresponsibly to the freedom to design their own studies, they’re dealing with thei r own interests by writing poetry collections, learning instruments and taking flight lessons.The program is this: On Mondays students come up with questions in relation to one of their school subjects, then they spend the rest of the week researching and coming up with possible conclusions to these questions. On Fridays, they present this information to their classmates.“I think the more choices we have in our school, the more students we will help develop into the kind of citizens that we need,” Principal (校长) Marianne Young explains in the film.In the video, teens express their satisfaction with the program because it holds different kinds of learners, even those who don’t always succeed in a traditional study situation.“I have difficulty in reading and writing. School has always been a big problem for me,” one student named Sergio explains in the video. “If it were not for this program, I don’t know if I’d be graduating —I don’t know where I’d be right now. I think this has really been my savior (救星) and got me through the last two years of high school.”28. What is the Independent Project about?A. Various activities for students.B. Student-centered curricula.C. A self-designed school.D. Teacher-free classes.29. How does the program work?A. Teachers work out a curriculum for students.B. Students research topics they put forward.C. Teachers work together with students.D. Students serve as teachers in turn.30. What’s Marianne Young’s attitude towards the project?A. Curious.B. Doubtful.C. Uncertain.D. Optimistic.31. What do we know about Sergio?A. He finds it hard to graduate.B. He has bitter memories of high school.C. He feels grateful to the Independent Project.D. He performs badly in the Independent Project.DJeffrey Hall, a teacher of Communications from the University of Kansas (KU), has used his research to define (明确) the exact amount of time necessary to make friends with someone. He’s also found how long it will take to deepen a relationship. His new study found that it takes around 50 hours of time together to go from being someone’s acquaintance (泛泛之交) to casual (感情不深的) friend. It takes about 90 hours to go from being casual friends to friends, and more than 200 hours before considering someone a close friend or best friend.But it isn’t spending just any kind of time together that deepens a friendship —hours spent working together, for example, don’t count as much as hours spent getting to know someone by hanging out, joking around, playing video games, and doingmore playful activities. The study explains that these kinds of activities help us to form a deeper connection with someone. “We have to put that time in,” Hallsaid. “You can’t make a friend without any effort (努力).”The results of the study come from analysis of 355 responses to an online survey from adults who said they had moved in the last six months and were looking for new friends in their new homes. Survey participants (参与者) were asked about new relationships as well as hours spent together and activities they did. They were then asked to rate their resulting relationships according to one of fourstages: acquaintance, casual friend, friend and close friend.The main conclusion that Hall came to is that making close friends takes serious effort. So if you want to have some best friends, you have to know that spending time with someone is the most important thing.32. How long does it take to turn an acquaintance into a friend?A. About 50 hours.B. About 90 hours.C. About 140 hours.D. About 200 hours.33. Wh at does the underlined part “that time” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Time spent working together.B. Time spent finding new friends.C. Time spent helping a new friend.D. Time spent doing fun things together.34. Which may help deepen a friendship according to the study?A. Trying to understand your friend’s feelings.B. Enjoying quality time with your friend.C. Treating a new friend like a close one.D. Being generous to your friend.35. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To solve a relationship problem.B. To introduce a teacher from KU.C. To present the findings of a new study.D. To discuss the importance of friendship.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018-2019学年最新人教版高中英语必修五Unit4单元同步练习及答案-精编试题
Unit4 Making the news单元练习一、听力(听力)（共20小题；共20分）二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)（共15小题；共15分）21. We are all d to hear we have won the game.22. My parents don't a of me smoking cigarettes.23. It is difficult to a the effects of the new method of teaching English at this stage.24. The firm is now in the p of moving the main equipment to a new place.25. We also can a knowledge during playing.26. I d an apology.27. The u landscape of the region attracts thousands of tourists every year.28. When the environmentally friendly cars came onto the market, many people weree to buy them.29. The head teacher's deputy(助理) a with many of his duties.30. If you c all your energies on the study of English, you will learn the language well.31. All the evidence proved that he was g , so he was put into prison.32. D is a date or time by which you have to do or complete something.33. This is an a statement of what happened.34. If there should be any last minute change, we'd i you by telephone.35. Phone his secretary and make an a .三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)（共15小题；共15分）36. They are (要求) that all troops should be withdrawn.37. Her parents won't (赞成) of her marrying the poor young man.38. He is a person (有才华的) with great talents.39. The saleswoman in the shop is always (渴望的) to please everybody.40. You were (控告) of ignoring your duty. Who charged you with such a crime?41. Television keeps us (通知) of the latest news, and it also provides us with entertainment.42. She is scolded by the teacher for she broke my bicycle lamp (故意地).43. Dexter was (高兴的) because he solved a math problem which his teacher could not solve.44. It is too early to (评估) the effects of the new law.45. He asked us to (帮助) him in carrying through their plan.46. Don't waste so much time playing games. You should (集中) on your studies now.47. Only if you ask many different questions will you (获得) all the information you need to know.48. In the (进程) of the small towns' development, some built small towns lack personality and sense of beauty.49. Sometimes I feel (内疚) about doing nothing at home.50. Our teacher has advanced the (最后期限) for handing in our papers by the end of next week.四、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共15小题；共30分）51. 我累了的时候无法集中精力工作。
人教高中英语必修5-Unit 4课时练习及解析
人教版高中英语必修五Unit 4 课时练习Ⅰ.单项填空1．Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where ________ yet.A．hasn't been decidedB．haven't decidedC．isn't being decidedD．aren't decided解析：本题考查动词的时态与语态。
由yet可看出用完成时，又因时间与地点是被决定的，故应用被动语态。
答案：A2．(2012年北京海淀区模拟)The headmaster ________ all the teachers not smoke in the office.A．told B．announcedC．called D．demanded解析：因为题干中宾语从句的谓语动词为动词原形，故空格处的动词应符合其宾语从句用虚拟语气的要求。
demand后跟that从句，从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用should ＋动词原形，should可以省略。
答案：D3．—It seems that we sterners seldom give their friends financial help.—Maybe.For them ________ friendship is mostly ________ matter of providing emotional support and spending time together.A．/；the B．the；aC．/；a D．a；the解析：考查冠词的用法。
第一空是泛指，表示“友谊”，前面不用冠词；第二空a matter of表示“一件……的事情，关于……”，是特定用法。
答案：C4．(2012年南京模拟)Y ou'd better cut your hair short.Our school does not ________ long hair.A．approve of students woreB．approve students to wearC．approve of students t o wearD．approve of students wearing解析：此处应是“学校不允许学生干某事”。
苏教版语文必修五第四单元第21课《人是能思想的芦苇》同步练习 Word版含解析
苏教版语文必修五第四单元第21课《人是能思想的芦苇》同步练习一、基础攻坚1．下列加点注音无误的一项是()A．苇．草(wěi)蔑．视(miè) 濒．临(pín) 卑．贱(bēi)B．愚蠢．(chǔn) 飓．风(jù) 遏．制(xiē) 禽．兽(qín)C．纵．使(zònɡ) 矫．正(jiǎo)俯瞰．(kàn) 神秘．(mì)D．颤．抖(zhàn) 星宿．(xiù) 肆．意(sì) 孤寂．(jì)答案：C解析：A．濒—bīn；B.遏—è；D.颤—chàn。
2．下列各组词语，只有一个错别字的一项是()A．高亢寂寞消遥决择B．怄气瞻仰野蛮涵养C．诡计恪守修葺挛生D．赝品冒然膨涨撕打答案：C解析：A．消—逍，决—抉；B.无错字；C.挛—孪；D.冒—贸，涨—胀，撕—厮。
3．下列各句中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是()A．凌南区虽地域狭窄，物产匮乏，但由于大力开发绿色农业，方寸之地．．．．，拓出了发展的大空间。
B．集训期间，我们在深圳要住三个夜晚。
在这几天里，我们可以忙里偷闲．．．．，理一理凌乱的思绪。
C．走进来一位短小精悍．．．．、浓眉阔脸的人，身着青色短衫，步履稳健。
大家都把目光转向了他。
D．出色的庄稼汉，干练的机械师，枪法如神的士兵，妙笔生花．．．．的作家，他们都值得我们敬佩。
答案：A解析：方寸之地：形容很小的地方。
用在此处不合句意，句意强调的是“地域狭窄，特产匮乏”，并非“小”。
4．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是()A．规划提出把合肥建设成为区域型特大中心城市为目标，打造以合肥为核心，包括马鞍山、芜湖、铜陵等城市的大合肥都市圈。
B．中南大学特批大三学生刘路硕博连读，为其专门制订培养方案，将其作为后备人才，进入侯振挺教授的研究所从事研究工作。
C．百年来，中华书局一直以传承文明为己任，本着守正出新的原则，整理出版了大批古籍，也推出了许多高水平的学术新著。
语文必修5第4单元练习题
必修五第四单元练习题编稿：谭兰安审稿：张克剑基础题：1、下列词语的注音、解释全正确的一项是（B）A 混沌（húndùn）:我国传说中指宇宙形成以前模糊一团的景象。
尴尬（gāngà）：（神色、态度）不自然。
B 诘问（jiéwèn）:反问倚重（yǐzhòng):倚靠，器重。
C 三昧（sānwěi）:指心神专注而不散乱。
披萨（pīshā）:一种意大利式馅饼。
D告罄（gàoxìng）:指能源枯竭。
黑洞（hēidòng）:一种特殊的天体。
B（ A混hùn;C 昧mèi,三昧，是佛教重要修行方法之一，借指事物的诀要。
萨sà;D 罄qìng）2、下列词语中没有错别字的一组是（A）A 别出心裁映入眼帘赞叹不已如烟似雾B 明察秋毫幅圆广阔轻而易举瞬息万变C 瞻养父母归根到底晶莹透明模棱两可D 推陈出新疏疏朗朗因地治宜臭名昭著A (B幅员C赡养D 制宜)3、下列成语使用不当的一项是（D）A 当前，发达国家的不合理生产方式和过量的消费方式是人类环境持续恶化的罪魁祸首。
B 热力学概念乍听起来有些深不可测，其实它们是我们所知道的最简单而又给人印象最深的科学概念。
C 在任何方向上背景都一样的事实，对于它们而言毫不足怪。
D 迄今为止，所有为世界末日设定的日期都杳无音讯地过去了。
D(杳无音讯：指远得不见踪影。
可改为“无声无息”)4．根据句意，依次填入横线上的词语最恰当的一项是（D）（1）谁能想到，如此______________的海水中竟没有鱼虾、水草，甚至连海边也寸草不生？（2）洗净水壶，灌上凉水，放在火上，___________水开；水开了之后，急急忙忙找茶叶，洗茶壶茶杯，泡茶喝。
（3）在沙漠中，因空气的蒸发，泥土的____________，河流愈流愈小，终于干涸不见。
（4）两三千年来，这个区域不断受到风沙的侵占，有些部分__________变成荒漠了。
2023-2024学年高中语文人教版必修5第四单元单元测试(含答案解析)
2023-2024学年人教版高中语文单元测试学校 __________ 班级 __________ 姓名 __________ 考号 __________注意事项1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;一、单选题（本大题共计1小题每题3分共计3分）1.对下面一段文字主要意思的提炼最准确的一项是（）共享空间是指建筑中通高几层或者垂直贯穿整个建筑、兼有各种交通和交往等综合功能的室内空间一般还具备休息、展示、休闲、集会等其他多种功能它是美国建筑师波特受根据人对环境的心理反应创造出来的建筑空间共享空间是建筑空间里最有活力的部功能空闽和辕助空间在这里相遇室内外空间在这里发生碰撞正因为有共享空间的存在内部的空间也不再相互孤立共享空间将这些各自分散的空间整合起来建筑的生命机体国此通畅起来也变得健康舒适了A. 共享空间是形式空间同时也是精神空间B. 共享空间让建筑的生命机体变得健康舒适C. 共享空间能够满足人们对环境的不同要求D. 共享空间是对交通和交往区域的合理规划【答案】A【解析】第一句解释共享空间是室内空间表明空间功能第二句是表明它是建筑空间和人对环境的心理反应相关第三层是共享空间是室内外空间的碰撞第四句是共享空间是共享空间的作用让建筑的生命机体变得健康舒适这四句中表明了共享空间本身是建筑空间是一种形式同时也表明共享空间和人的心理反应相关是健康舒适的建筑的生命机体所以既和实际相关也和精神相关 A项符合 B项只侧重于精神这一方面 C项曲解文意文章表明“共享空间是人对环境的心理反应创造出来”的不代表能满足人们对环境的不同要求 D项只是简单解释共享空间不全面二、文言文阅读（本大题共计1小题每题15分共计15分）2.（1）下列对文中画横线部分的断句正确的一项是（）2.（2）下列对文中词语的相关内容的解说不正确的一项是（）2.（3）下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析不正确的一项是（）2.（4）把下面句子翻译成现代汉语①母曰“二年之别千里结言尔何相信之审邪？”②巨卿既至叩丧言曰“行矣元伯！死生路异永从此辞”A. 既终/妻从其言/时式出行/适还省书/见瘗怆然/感之向坟揖哭/以为死友/B. 既终/妻从其言/时式出行适还/省书见瘗/怆然感之/向坟揖哭/以为死友/C. 既终/妻从其/言时式出行/适还省书/见瘗怆然/感之向坟揖哭/以为死友/D. 既终/妻从其/言时式出行适还/省书见瘗/怆然感之/向坟揖哭/以为死友/【答案】B【解析】（1）“从”的宾语是“其言”而非“其” 应在“言”后断句排除C、D “适还”修饰的是“出行” 正好出行刚刚回来的意思要连在一起排除A故选B【答案】A【解析】（2）A项“与诸子意相同”表述有误“诸子”指先秦时期各个学派的代表人物或他们的著作意思是不一样的【答案】D【解析】（3）D项“然后被三府同时征召为官”错误结合“长沙上计掾史到京师上书表式行状三府并辟不应”分析长沙上计掾史到京师呈上奏章说明范式的事迹三府都要征召范式但范式没有应聘“被三府同时征召为官”不能算是“范式仕途经历”【答案】（4）①元伯的母亲说“分别两年了千里之外约定的话你怎么会如此确定地相信呢？”②范巨卿到后就吊丧说“元伯您可以走了生死异路从此就永别了”【解析】（4）①“结言” 约定的话“审” 确定“何……邪” 怎么会……呢？②“既” 已经……之后“叩丧” 吊丧“行矣元伯” 主谓倒装应是“元伯行矣”三、古诗词鉴赏（本大题共计1小题每题15分共计15分）3.（1）下列对诗歌的赏析不正确的一项是（）3.（2）两首诗颈联都描写了边塞景色请结合诗句简要分析景色的特点A. 【甲】诗通过描写出使塞上的所见所闻表达了诗人的爱国之情同时“单车”“征蓬”“归雁”等也传达了内心的忧郁和激愤B. 【甲】诗尾联既是实写又暗示了边塞将士紧张的战斗生活表达了作者对将士们戍守边关、奋勇杀敌的敬意C. 【乙】诗以征战者的口吻记述戍边生活将战场的血腥与残酷场面写得淋漓尽致读者从诗句里可以感受到将士内心的低落与哀怨D. 【乙】诗颔联通过典型景物“幡旗”“甲胄”来描绘战场景象战旗猎猎盔甲似鱼鳞不但写出了军队威武而且写出了士兵斗志【答案】C【解析】（1）C项“将战场的血腥与残酷场面写得淋漓尽致”无中生有“将士内心的低落与哀怨”不合诗意应是“必胜的信念和决心”【答案】（2）【甲】诗“大漠孤烟直长河落日圆” 放眼望去广阔无垠的大漠上远处烽火台一缕孤烟直上云霄杳无尽头的黄河横贯其间天空中挂着一轮圆圆的落日此句选取了塞外特有的景物“大漠”“长河”“孤烟”“落日” 描绘了雄浑寥廓、奇特壮丽的塞外风光【乙】诗“冻水寒伤马悲风愁杀人” 冰冻的水寒冷得使马受了伤悲凉的北风倍添征人思乡怀归的愁绪此句抓住冬天的景物“冻水”“悲风” 极言天气之寒突出了寒冷、萧瑟、凄清的边塞景色【解析】（2）分析时既要有对特色景物的解说也要有对景物特点的概括如【甲】诗颈联“大漠”“孤烟”“长河”“落日”等边塞特色鲜明的意象组合在一起展现了一幅无比壮阔的画面让人们感到无比震撼、雄壮【乙】诗颈联“冻水”“马”“悲风”“人” 再加上“寒”“伤”“愁”等冷色调词语更突出边关冬天特有的严寒给人以萧瑟之感以此衬托将士们不畏艰辛、无怨无悔以及甘愿保家卫国的无私奉献精神四、现代文阅读（本大题共计3小题每题15分共计45分）4.（1）下列对文本一相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏不正确的一项是（）4.（2）下列对文本一中的主要人物分析不正确的一项是（）4.（3）文本一结尾段运用了什么描写方法有怎样的作用？请简要赏析4.（4）老舍先生认为一部好的长篇小说的标准是什么？材料一是如何体现老舍先生的创作观念的？A. 开篇写宝庆到大哥坟前告别的场景让读者初步了解了主要人物之间的关系同时营造出悲凉的氛围莫定了全文的情感基调B. 文中将张着黑黑大口的防空洞喻为滴了一大滴墨水的风景画生动地写出了秀莲看到曾让自己体验到战争灾难的建筑物的感受C. 虽然孩子不能够弄懂自己的意思只会无意识地叫“妈妈” 但秀莲依然向女儿倾诉实际上是给自己打气鼓励自己要振作起来重新追求幸福生活D. 孟良以船过三峡多险滩但有经验的领航能够平平安安地把一只船带出最最危险的险滩来教导宝庆要担起父亲的责任帮助女儿战胜人生的磨难【答案】A【解析】（1）A项“奠定了全文的情感基调”表述不当节选部分的大背景为抗战胜利人们在回乡回家的路途之中就人物而言应该是悲欣交集的虽然最初有悲伤意味但最后都对将来的生活充满了信心【答案】B【解析】（2）B项宝庆后来在孟良的引导下重拾信心不是沉溺痛苦不能自拔【答案】（3）①景物描写宝庆经过和孟良的深切交谈使他重新燃起了对未来生活的希望“亮堂堂”的景物烘托出宝庆此时的愉悦心情②心理描写宝庆的幻觉体现了他对女儿未来重获幸福的向往宝庆哼唱“长江后浪推前浪一代新人换旧人” 体现了宝庆决心告别旧日的伤痛、开启新生活的愿望【解析】（3）文本一结尾段“落日在江面洒上了一道金色的余辉把一个小小的旋涡给照得亮堂堂的”是景物描写“亮堂堂”的景物烘托出宝庆此时的愉悦心情表现了宝庆经过和孟良的深切交谈使他重新燃起了对未来生活的希望而“宝庆仿佛在那里面看见了秀莲微笑着的脸儿水草在她脸的周围荡漾象是她的两条小辫子他哼起了鼓词儿上的两句话长江后浪推前浪一代新人换旧人”则是宝庆的心理活动属于心理描写体现了他对女儿未来重获幸福的向往以及决心告别旧日的伤痛、开启新生活的美好愿望【答案】（4）①内容上以严肃的态度关切人生选文以小见大以一个普通鼓书艺人的视角写出了普通人战后的心理状态真实而深刻地展现了生命中的苦痛和思考行文中饱含同情和关切这是一种严肃的而非猎奇的态度②形式上以精心的设计使故事更加简练生动饱满而不是刻意拉长故事以炫技或牟利小说以回忆交代父女过去的苦难、现实的处境以归途偶遇引出孟良故事情节集中而自然正是老舍说的“更经济”“更饱满”【解析】（4）阅读文本二根据“要断定一本小说内容的好坏大概的说我们可以这样来决定……前者的态度严肃关切人生”“它决不求助于小小的技巧来支持门面作者要怎样说自然有个打算但是这个打算是想把故事如何表现得更圆满更生动更经济绝不是多绕几个圈子把故事拉得长长的好多赚几个钱”可概括出老舍先生认为一部好的长篇小说的标准是内容上以严肃的态度关切人生形式上以精心的设计使故事更加简练生动饱满而不是刻意拉长故事以炫技或牟利文本一作者以一个普通鼓书艺人的视角写出了普通人战后的心理状态以小见大真实而深刻地展现了生命中的苦痛和思考文章饱含同情和关切这是一种严肃的而非猎奇的态度体现了文本二中内容上以严肃的态度关切人生的标准另外文本一以回忆交代宝庆父女过去的苦难、现实的处境并且以归途偶遇来引出剧作家孟良使得小说故事情节集中而自然正是文本二中老舍说的“更经济”“更饱满”5.（1）下列关于原文内容的表述不正确的一项是（）5.（2）下列对原文论证的相关分析不正确的一项是（）5.（3）根据原文内容下列说法不正确的一项是（）A. 贬谪是指对负罪官吏采取减秩降职、出之外地等手段使其“思过自效”的一种强制性行政处罚措施B. 贬谪制度发展到唐五代时期臻于完整其表现可谓严酷激烈繁复多变原因复杂样态丰富特点鲜明C. 古代士人政治理想和人生价值的实现很大程度上取决于君主小至“修身、齐家” 大至“治国、平天下” 无一例外D. 典型贬官和普通贬官的实质有相同的地方都体现了君主对臣子的疏远弃逐以及政治权力的威力【答案】C【解析】（1）C项曲解文意“小至‘修身、齐家’ 大至‘治国、平天下’ 无一例外”错由原文可知从大的方面讲士人“治国、平天下”这一政治理想和人生价值的实现很大程度上取决于君主但“修身、齐家”只是在表述士人的特征和君主无关【答案】C【解析】（2）C项“揭示了该制度的成因、影响以及历史发展的规律”无中生有第二段仅仅列举了唐五代贬谪制度的特点虽提到原因复杂但并未具体揭示“该制度的成因” 只提到其特点能反映该制度实施程中的某些规律但并未具体揭示其“历史发展的规律” 也未揭示该制度的“影响”【答案】B【解析】（3）B项“成功地实现了对文武百官的驾驭有效地巩固了专制统治”于文无据原文结尾指出了贬谪制度的理论依据和负面效应并未肯定唐五代时期该制度的成功6.（1）下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析不正确的一项是（）6.（2）下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析不正确的一项是（）6.（3）根据材料内容简要概括我国首次火星探测任务取得圆满成功的原因A. 能够在太空播送《东方红》乐曲表明中国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”比各国的第一颗卫星都要先进一些B. 我国卫星研究工作的启动固然有其他许多原因但是直接推动的是科学家的建议显示了科学家的眼光与担当C. “东方红一号”人造卫星和系列各型卫星发射成功标志着我国的空间技术达到了世界水平从此以后我国的卫星事业发展得越来越好D. 50年后我国开启了火星探测之旅天问一号的入轨、巡视、探测等工作相继进行具有明显的标志性意义【答案】C【解析】（1）C项从材料一原文“空间技术进入了一个新时代”“卫星技术在许多重要领域达到了世界水平”看选项混淆了“空间技术”“卫星技术”两个概念且夸大了对“许多重要领域”的限制【答案】B【解析】（2）B项“说明……领导者”表意扩大范围材料二原文“在太空探索领域中国如今已不仅仅是参与者而是一个领导者”是美国《连线》的评价“可能性极大”的结论过于武断【答案】（3）①中华民族对太空探索有执着与坚韧的追求②几十年的深厚的技术积累和自主创新③党和国家领导人的高度重视④我国航天研究人员不断发扬追逐梦想、勇于探索的航天精神付出了艰辛和努力突破技术难关自主创新⑤广泛而深入地开展国际合作【解析】（3）本题要根据材料分析找到关键句子概括我国首次火星探测任务取得圆满成功的原因从材料一“这很快得到聂荣臻、张爱萍等领导人和竺可桢、钱学森等科学家的支持”总结出党和国家领导人的高度重视“从第一颗人造卫星进入太空以来我国的空间技术进入了一个新时代……表明我们已经走出了一条适合我国国情的、有中国特色的发展卫星事业的道路”总结出几十年的深厚的技术积累和自主创新从材料二“表达了中华民族对太空探索的执着与坚韧”可总结出中华民族对太空探索有执着与坚韧的追求从材料三“天问一号任务成功的背后离不开全体参研参试人员付出的艰辛和努力‘他们继承和发扬航天精神在任务实施中以过硬的产品质量和务实的工作作风生动诠释了追逐梦想、勇于探索的航天精神’”可总结出我国航天研究人员不断发扬追逐梦想、勇于探索的航天精神付出了艰辛和努力突破技术难关自主创新从“中国国家航天局一向主张基于平等互利的方式开展广泛的国际合作……我们将始终坚持平等互利、和平利用、包容发展的原则加强同国际社会的广泛合作让航天探索成果为创造人类更加美好的未来贡献更大力量”可总结出我国广泛而深入地开展国际合作据此概括作答即可五、综合读写（本大题共计2小题每题15分共计30分）7.下列有关名著名篇的说明不正确的两项是（）A. 《家》中对觉民逃婚这件事的态度上觉新建议觉民表面听从长辈意见但要暗地做好逃婚的准备进行有策略的反抗觉慧建议反抗支持觉民逃婚B. 《药》描写了启蒙者夏瑜的血被启蒙对象华小栓吃掉的惨烈事实既批判了华老栓们、看客们的愚昧、麻木与残忍又反省了启蒙者夏瑜们自身的弱点C. 《边城》中老船夫向二老求证那晚唱歌的情形二老说“做傻子唱过一晚的歌” 语气中既有对自己错爱翠翠的悔恨也有对老船夫害死大老的埋怨D. 《茶馆》中康顺子被父亲以十两银子卖给人贩子刘麻子后被转卖给老太监庞总管满清灭亡老太监饿死康顺子带着儿子到“裕泰茶馆”帮工E. 葛朗台是执着于一念的人观赏、把玩和占有黄金是他最大的爱好欧也妮也是执着于一念的人她执着于毫无希望的爱情最终在爱情的背叛里妥协【答案】A, C【解析】A．“觉新建议觉民表面听从长辈意见但要暗地做好逃婚的准备进行有策略的反抗”表述错误在觉民逃婚这件事上觉新其实是左右为难的主张采取不抵抗主义C．“语气中既有对自己错爱翠翠的悔恨”表述错误其实他在语气中是对自己的悔恨8.（1）依次填入文中横线上的词语全部恰当的一项是（）8.（2）文中画横线的句子有语病下列修改最恰当的一项是（）8.（3）下列各句中的引号和文中引号作用相同的一项是（）A. 推陈出新鳞次栉比五彩缤纷坐享其成B. 推陈出新星罗棋布多姿多彩坐收渔利C. 革故鼎新星罗棋布多姿多彩坐享其成D. 革故鼎新鳞次栉比五彩缤纷坐收渔利【答案】C【解析】（1）推陈出新指对旧的文化进行批判地继承剔除其糟粕吸取其精华创造出新的文化革故鼎新旧指朝政变革或改朝换代现泛指除去旧的建立新的此处应用“革故鼎新”鳞次栉比像鱼鳞和梳子齿那样有次序地排列着多用来形容房屋或船只等排列得很密很整齐星罗棋布像天空的星星和棋盘上的棋子那样分布着形容数量很多分布很广此处应用“星罗棋布”五彩缤纷指颜色繁多非常好看多姿多彩指丰富多彩形容颜色形态多样很多种形状很多种颜色此处应用“多姿多彩”坐享其成自己不出力而享受别人取得的成果坐收渔利比喻利用别人的矛盾而从中获利此处应用“坐享其成”故选C【答案】D【解析】（2）原句有两处错误其一是语序不当“只要”应放在句首排除A、C两项其二是搭配不当“创造”与“目标”搭配不当应是“达到目标” 排除B项故选D【答案】B【解析】（3）文中引号表示特定称谓A项表示引用B项表示特定称谓C项表示特殊含义D项表示反语故选B。
(精编版)高中语文人教版必修5习题：单元综合习题(第四单元)含答案
单元综合测评(第四单元)(时间：120分钟，分值：120分)一、基础巩固(12分，每小题3分)1．填入下面文段空白处的词语，最恰当的一组是( )有的人在填报高考志愿时选报热门专业，理由是能学以致用，__①__是一种误解。
学以致用的真正含义是将学到的知识用于实践，__②__不是看什么东西有用才决定去学。
屏弃功利性__③__使人抱着乐观的态度去学习；__④__有用才去学习会使人产生心理负担，__⑤__总要担心以后会不会真的有用。
抱着功利之心去挑选专业，往往会牺牲自己真正的兴趣，__⑥__毕业后谋到了不错的职位，也不一定就工作得很开心。
【解析】热门专业、学以致用”，再考虑句与句之间的逻辑关系。
①处用“这”来指代上一句话，用“其实”进行引转。
此处用“这其实”“其实这”“实际上”都是可以的。
“是将学到的知识用于实践，不是看什么东西有用才决定去学”“是……不是……”为并列关系，②处不需填内容，当然填“而”也不影响这种关系。
③处需要一个客观表达“屏弃功利性”作用的词“能”或“会”。
至此答案已确定为B项，后面可以来验证：④处依旧承接③句客观表达的语气，选“认为”，⑤处解释原因，⑥处和后文的“也”照应。
【答案】 B2．依次填入下列各句横线处的成语，最恰当的一项是( )①骆驼是沙漠与热带的象征，它表示大明疆域辽阔，皇帝威震四方；大象是兽中巨物，它四腿粗壮有力，________，表示国家江山的稳固。
②总统座驾的油箱经过深度装甲强化，由一层特殊的泡沫材料包裹，防止燃料在紧急情况下燃烧。
这台________的座驾还能够抵御化学武器的攻击，并配有自动供氧设备。
③强大的道德基础会在精神上约束民众的行为，并积蓄起复兴的力量，从这个意义上说，道德力量才是国家最________的战略力量。
A．固若金汤坚如磐石坚不可摧B．坚如磐石固若金汤坚不可摧C．坚如磐石坚不可摧固若金汤D．固若金汤坚不可摧坚如磐石【解析】“坚如磐石”指像巨大的石头那样坚固。
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高中语文必修五第四单元阅读训练阅读《中国建筑的特征》一文，完成1-3题。
1．阅读第一、二自然段，下列理解和分析正确的一项是（）A．中国的建筑体系是中华民族数千年世代经验的积累所创造的一个独特的建筑体系。
B．中国建筑体系分布很广，在地理区域上已经分布到日本、越南、蒙古等区域。
这些地区的建筑和中国中心地区大同小异如同兄弟的关系。
C．殷代遗址证明，中国建筑体系已经在公元前15世纪基本上形成，它的特征一直保留到近代。
D．中国建筑体系具有独特性、分布广、历史久、多样性的特点。
2．阅读第三自然段，下列理解和分析不正确的一项是（）A.（一）至（二）说明了中国建筑的总体特征，分别讲到立体构成和平面布置。
B.（三）至（五）说明中国建筑的特点。
分别从中国建筑的主要结构方法、斗拱的作用、举折、举架的作用方面进行介绍。
C.（六）至（九）介绍中国建筑的屋顶、颜色、装饰部件、用料等方面的特点。
D．整个第三自然段按照空间顺序阐明了中国建筑体系的九大特征，重点从结构特征和装饰特征两个方面加以说明。
3．下列对“斗拱”的理解，不正确的一项是（）A．“拱”是弓形短木，“斗”是斗形方木块，它们结合起来称“斗拱”。
B．斗拱是用来消除立柱和横梁交接处的剪力，以减少梁的折断的可能。
C．斗拱也可以由柱头挑出去承托上面的结构，如屋檐、露台等。
D．斗拱还有装饰的作用，在木、砖石建筑上都有应用。
阅读课文4-10段，完成4-9题。
4．下列有关“中国建筑的文法”的理解，不符合原文意思的一项是（）A．中国建筑的风格和手法是中国建筑的文法，所有建筑的实物都应遵守建筑的文法。
B．中国建筑的文法有拘束性、灵活性、多样性和可译性。
C．中国建筑的文法是世世代代的劳动人民在长期建筑活动的实践中总结出来的规则和惯例，是整个民族和地方的物质和精神条件下的产物。
D．原来用在木材上的中国建筑的文法常常运用到砖石建筑上去，说明中国建筑文法的延续性。
5．下列有关“文法”的理解，不符合原文意思的一项是（）A．“文法”在文中指建筑物上的构件与构件之间，构建和它们的加工处理装饰，个别建筑和个别建筑物之间的一定的处理方法和相互关系。
B．文章的语法在运用上具有极大的灵活性；中国建筑的“文法”具有一定的拘束性，在“文法”的拘束性之下，创造的多样性就大大减弱了。
C．“文法”在文中包括中国建筑的基本特征所呈现出来的一定的风格和手法，它为匠师们所遵守，为人民所承认。
D．在世界各建筑体系中，中国建筑大胆地用朱红作为大建筑物在屋身的主要颜色，用在柱、门窗和墙壁上，并且用彩绘图案装饰木构架的上部结构，是使用得最大胆的“文法”。
6．下列对“建筑的‘文章’”内涵的表述，不符合原文意思的一项是（）A．“建筑的‘文章’”中，有金碧辉煌的宫殿、气势恢宏的庙宇等“鸿篇巨制”。
B．“建筑的‘文章’”中，少不了“山亭、水榭、一轩、一楼”这样的“精制小品”。
C．“建筑的‘文章’”中，有纯粹作点缀装饰的“一面横额、一副对子”等秀丽文字。
D．“建筑的‘文章’”中，在路的尽头立一座影壁，或建横跨中心的几座牌楼等等也占有一席之地。
7．“这种‘文法’有一定的拘束性，但同时也有极大的运用的灵活性，能有多样性的表现。
”下列对这句话的理解，不正确的一项是（）A．“这种‘文法’”指的是中国建筑发展过程中沿用并发展下来的建筑惯例与审美方式。
B．“一定的拘束性”即建筑发展历史上长期积淀下来的、为人们所遵守的基本思路和传统模式。
C．“极大的运用的灵活性”强调了设计与修建过程中建筑师们可以发挥的主动性和创造性。
D．“多样性的表现”既包括建筑中的“拘束性”和“灵活性”，又包括建筑中的“历史性”和“时代性”。
8．全文的整体结构是怎样的？下列分析不正确的一项是( )A．全文可分为四个部分：前两段从地域分布和历史跨度方面说明中国建筑的影响，可以看作是引论。
B．中间谈中国建筑的九大特征，是文章的主体部分，对中国建筑方方面面的特点予以总括说明。
C．然后，作者用很大的篇幅探讨中国建筑的风格和手法，揭示“为什么”的问题，进一步深化了谈论的主题。
D．最后一段，从古为今用、洋为中用的立场出发，提倡熟悉中国建筑的“文法”和“词汇”，在现代社会把我们民族优良的建筑传统发扬光大，可以看作是结语。
9．作者着重说明了中国建筑的九大特征中的哪几项？下列表述不正确的一项是( ) A．(二)平面布置，表现出中国院落文化的特色。
B．(三)结构方法，体现了中国建筑结构体系的特殊性。
C．(五)举折、举架以及它们的作用。
D．屋顶及装饰。
阅读《作为生物的社会》1-7段，完成1-6题。
1．下列选项中，不属于“用这种话来描绘人类是可以的”中“这种话”所指代的内容的一项是（）A．为举行年会从四面八方聚集而来的医学家们，就像是群居性昆虫的大聚会。
B．织巢蚁属使用童工，抱着幼体像梭子一样往返窜动。
C．假如木板不是牢牢钉住，那么，看到他们一块儿筑起各式各样的巢穴，就不用感到吃惊了。
D．那种离子式的振动，碰上一些个急匆匆来回乱窜的个体，这才略停一停，碰碰触角，交换一点信息。
2．下列对“人与动物关系”的表述，属于作者看法的一项是（）A．假如我们想从它们的活动中看出什么显示人类特点的东西，那就是在违反科学。
B．我们不愿看到，可能有一些集体性的社会，能够像一个个生物一样进行活动。
即使有这样的东西，它们也绝不可能跟我们相关。
C．蚂蚁的确太像人了，这真够让人为难。
D．昆虫倒更像一些制作精巧、却魔魔道道的小机器。
3．对选文内容的理解，下列说法正确的一项是（）A．开篇作者以高空作为观察点，运用比喻、比拟的手法，把人类生活小型化，形象地表明人类与其他生物的不同。
B．描述昆虫行为的书籍的作者会从“有异于人的”方面来理解生物的社会行为，认为昆虫是来自外星的生物，完全是非人性的、非世俗的。
C．作者用幽默的语言，表达了一个明确的观点：人类的社会行为与生物的社会行为有极大的共性，并非水火不相容，而是可以互相比照的。
D．说人类像蚂蚁可以，反过来说蚂蚁像人类，就会遭到非议，在作者看来，这是对人类至高无上的地位的挑战。
4．下面对第一、二段中语句的理解，不正确的一项是（）A.“蚂蚁的确太像人了，这真够让人为难。
”句中的两个“人”字含义不同。
B.“我认为，正是由于这一层，我们才最巴不得它们是异己的东西。
”句中的“我们”是泛指人类。
C.“最让我们不安的是，蚂蚁，还有蜜蜂、白蚁和群居性黄蜂，它们似乎都过着两种生活。
”“两种生活”指的是从个体来看是没有思考的生物，而从整体来看却是“思考着”生命体。
D.“我们不愿看到，可能有一些集体性的社会，能够像一个个生物一样进行活动。
即使有这样的东西，它们也绝不可能跟我们相关。
”“跟我们有关”指的是“跟人类相关”。
5．下面对第三段中语句的理解,不正确的一项是()A. “不管怎么说，这些东西还是存在”，“这些东西”指的是“有集体性的社会”，作为一个整体跟人类一样能够“思考”的生物。
B.“就那么几个神经元”，句中的“就”，是“仅仅”的意思，用轻蔑的口气表明单个蚂蚁不大可能有“思想”。
C.“瞎猫撞着死老鼠”，这是用比喻的方法，说明几只蚂蚁在觅食中简单协作的成功还存在偶然因素。
D.“你看到它思考，筹划，谋算”，句中的“它”是指一个个活跃起来的蚂蚁。
6．下面对第四段的理解，不正确的一项是( )A．作者举白蚁搭拱券的例子说明生物群体的“联合智慧”。
B．作者断定白蚁是通过释放外激素来传递信息的。
C．句中“某种临界质量或法定数”和“特定阈值”意义相同。
D．它们“就像艺术家一样开始工作”，是形容群体白蚁有很高的智慧。
阅读《作为生物的社会》9-12段，完成第7题。
7．下列各种说法中错误的两项是（）A．“粘菌的细胞在每一个生命周期都在做着这样的事。
”“这样的事”指粘菌的细胞到处游动，吞吃着细菌，彼此疏远，互不接触，选举着清一色的保守党。
B．作者看到人类“不经常感到我们的联合智慧”，从而对于人类的前进抱着悲观的态度。
C．从选文中，我们可以推断：作者不赞成传统生物学过分强调个体行为的观点。
D．作者列举了粘菌的群体性生活以及大海中的鲱鱼和天空中的成群飞鸟，说明了集群在种群生存中发挥着不可替代的作用，它们相互依存，互相联系，同步活动。
E．作者引用齐曼在《自然》杂志上的著文指出，人类应该像生物一样加强社会合作，发挥集体的力量。
8．下面对文章内容的理解，不正确的一项是( )A．作者选取了独特的视角，将一些群居性生物的行为与人类进行比较，描述了它们在集体行动中所表现出的高度组织性。
B．提出了“多个单独的动物合并成一个生物的现象”，对传统生物学过分强调个体行为和动物本能的观点进行了反思。
C．对人类盲目自大、不能充分认识自身生存危机作出了警示。
D．不过作者把人类和其它动物相提并论，还对人类的行为不无讽刺，有贬低人类的意思。
9．对《作为生物的社会》一文的观点分析错误的一项是()A．人类的社会行为与生物的社会行为有极大的共性，并非水火不相容，而是可以互为比照的。
B．作者在论述中，无论是对人还是对其他生物，多从个体与群体两个方面作比较分析，肯定群体的智慧，强调社会化的重要性。
C．作者在论述中，往往把人类行为与其他生物的社会行为比照来谈，即把人类行为看做是“拟人化”的，把生物的行为看成是“生物化的”的。
D．作者对生物行为的反思，其目的不是为了证明其他生物比人类更高明，而是为了检讨人类盲目乐观的情结。
10．文章结尾，作者以科研为例，援引权威人士的观点，是为了说明什么？下列表述不正确的一项是() A．文章结尾，作者以科研为例，援引权威人士的观点，再次强调个体的智慧与群体的智慧就像一个锯齿与整条大锯的关系。
B．个人的孤独静默也许有助于一些发明创造，但这些发明创造必须融入群体的智慧中才能发挥作用，才有意义。
C．所以，我们要像昆虫那样，发扬光大“一有发现就大叫起来”的古老传统，经常接通我们与社会组织这个庞大网络的电路。
D．增加自己文章的说服力，否则自己的文章不容易被人接受。
阅读《宇宙的未来》一文，完成1-7题。
1．作者是怎样探讨“宇宙的未来”的？下列表述不正确的一项是()A．作者先从古代的巫术和近代的宗教预言谈起，引出话题，说明从科学的角度谈论宇宙的未来是非常严肃的事，科学有别于宗教的地方是它的求实精神。
B．探讨宇宙是继续膨胀还是有可能收缩是这篇讲演的主体部分，计算宇宙的密度又是这一主体部分的关键，有关宇宙中物质密度临界值的探讨，则把问题引向深入。
C．最后，介绍两种新的理论——人择原理和暴涨理论，则体现了科学界最新的探索。
作者从可见物质谈到暗物质，从成熟的理论谈到科学的假说，把问题讲得透彻明白。
D．最后没有做出一个明确的预言，因此他根本就不能对宇宙的未来做出科学准确的预言，这也正呼应了文章开头说的“科学预言也许并不比那些巫师或预言家的更可靠些”。