2020中考英语语法简单句考点

2020中考英语语法简单句考点
2020中考英语语法简单句考点

【简单句命题趋势与预测】

根据对简单句全国各地试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:

1、简单句的反意疑问句

2、复合句的反意疑问句

3、祈使句的反意疑问句

【考点诠释】

一、对疑问句的考查

一___________do you usually fly kites?

一In the park.[北京市]

A Why B.How C When

D.Where

[答案]D。[解析]考查疑问副词。回答:“在公园”可知上句一定是“你通常在哪里放风筝?”park表地方,故选D。

---The blue jacket looks nice on you. _________is it? ---It's 50 dollars. [吉林省]

A. How many

B. How much

C. How long

D. How often [答案]B。[解析] how many多少(后面加可数名词复数);how tong多久;how often多久一次(提问频率)。由关键信息50 dollars(50美元)可知选B。how much多少钱。

---________?

---He is tall. [陕西省]

A. How is he

B. What does he like

C. What is he

D. What does he look like

[答案]D。[解析] 根据后文“他高”,其问句必然是D项“他长得怎么样”,因为A项表示“他好吗”;B项表示“他喜欢什么”;C项表示“他是干什么的”。

–Sandy ,_________are you going for vacation?

--To Hainan Island. I prefer lying on the beach. [太原市]

A. where

B. when

C. what

[答案]A。[解析] 本题考查特殊疑问词的用法。由答语"To Hainan Island”可以推断问句中的特殊疑问词应该是表示地点的where。而when是询问时间,what是“什么”均不合题意。

-- ________will your Dad be back from Dalian?

--In a week, I think.[07吉林省]

A. How long

B. How soon

C. How often

D. How far

B[解析] in a week"一周以后”,in+时间段,用how soon 提问。故能选B。

--______ are you talking about?

-- The Olympic Games in Beijing.

A. What

B. Whom

C. How

D. Where (杭州)

解析:答案为A。题干第二句承前省略了主语和谓语,该句的完整形式是We are talking about the Olympic Games in Beijing.同学们要注意,the Olympic Games in Beijing句中的in Beijing这个介词短语是做后置定语修饰the Olympic Games,正确的理解是“北京的奥运会”,而不是“在北京谈论奥运会”,因此选项A才是正确答案。

一、对反意疑问句的考查

【考例】The air is fresh outside. Let's go and take a walk, _________?[昆明市]

A. will you

B. shall we

C. don't you

D. aren't you

[答案]B。[解析] 这是一个let's引导的祈使句,表示建议,这样的句子在构成反意疑问句时,在句末加shall we,所以B项正确。

There is some water in that bottle, isn't ________?[07兰州市]

A. there

B. it

C. that

[答案]A。[解析]考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句不同于一般疑问句和特殊疑问句,它由两部分组成,前面部分为陈述句,

后一部分为简短问句。

——Few well-known singers came to the concert,did

they?

一__________.Such as Andy Lau,Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang.[黄冈市]

A. No,they didn't B.Yes,they did C No,

they did D.Yes,they didn't

[答案]B。[解析] 考查反意疑问句。在这类结构的句中,

若前一部分有few、never、hardly等表示否定的词。后一

部分要用肯定形式。回答时,只要事实是肯定的就用Yes,

只要事实是否定的就用No。

二、对祈使句的考查

祈使句是简单句中的一种类型,通常用来表示命令、请求、

禁止、建议、警告等语气,在口语中十分常用。祈使句的用

法是近几年来各类中考试卷中常考的热点。现结合高考题,

对几种考点作以归纳。

【考例】

--_________kind girl Nancy is!

--Yes, she is always ready to help others. [南京市]

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

[答案]B。[解析]考查感叹句。感叹句用how和what引导,

what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词和动词。

12.---It's reported that the 29th Olympic torch(奥运

火炬)is going to travel to 135 cities around the world.

---__ exciting the news is! And it will arrive at the

opening ceremony (开幕式)on August 8th,2008. [哈尔滨

市]

A. What

B. How

C. What an

[答案]B。[解析]考查感叹句,感叹句一般用how或what引

导。how修饰形容词、副词;what修饰名词。

13. ________tall the boy is! He can play volleyball very

well[长沙市]

A. How

B. What a

C. What

[答案]A。[解析]考查感叹句用how和what引导,what修饰

名词,how修饰形容词、副词和动词。

14. --I hear that an old couple are traveling around

China by bike.

--Oh, ___________ long way on their bicycles! They are

so great. [河南省]

A. what a

B. how

C. what

D. how a

[答案]A 。[解析]way是名词,故用what引导感叹旬,而

way又是可数名词单数,因此要在前面加不定冠词a,所以A

是正确答案。

15.一一____terrible weather it is!

——The radio says that it'll get ____later in the day|[扬州市]

A.What a;bad B What;worse C.HOW;bad D.How a:worse

[答案]B 。[解析]terrible weather是一个名词性词组,所

以应由what来引导这个感叹句,由此可否定C项与D项,

同时,weather是不可数名词,前面不能加冠词a,可否定A 项。从另一个角度来看,由句意也可判断最后一句应是比较

级的句子。

【语法回顾】

简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列

谓语)构成。

简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。

陈述句

用以肯定或否定一件事情或看法的叙述性句子叫陈述句。句

末用句号,读时用降调。

1、陈述句肯定式的正常语序是主语位于谓语前。例如:

We'll meet again tomorrow .我们明天再见面。

Last week we started our trip across this country.上

星期我们开始了横跨这个国家的旅行。

2、陈述句否定式的结构

(1)在连系动词 be,实义动词 have,助动词或情态动词后加not,never......等否定词构成否定式。例如:

We mustn't waste any more time.我们决不能在浪费时间了。

I've never been so afraid in all my life.在我一生中,我从来没有这么害怕过。

当谓语动词是 have“有”时,其否定式可以有两种:Students usually have not their P.E. lessons on Monday.学生们通常在星期一没有体育课。

Students don't usually have not their P.E. lessons on Monday.

(2)在行为动词前加 do (does,did)not(句中的行为动词应用原形)构成否定式。例如:

I didn't find Chinese easy at first. 起初,我发现中文不容易。

Sorry, I don't know much about him.对不起,我对他不大了解。

He doesn't like American movies very much.他很不喜欢美国电影。

(3)句中若有no,none,little,not,nobody,nothing,neither,nor,never,hardly,scarcely等否定意义的词,可构成陈述句的否定式,同时不能再用 not。例如:

I had never seen such a good match before that day! 在那天以前,我从来没有看过这么精彩的比赛!

Many of the country people could neither read nor write.许多国家的人既不会写也不会读。

There was no music or dialogue.没有音乐或者对话。

He little knows what may happen.他一点也不知道可能要发生什么。

(4)在 have 作“有”解时的否定结构中,如用 not 则在宾语前常有a (an),any,many,much等词;如用no,则不用这些词而应紧跟名词。have 不作“有”解时,通常按行为动词构成否定式。在美国英语中,have 总是按行为动词构成。例如:

They don't have any meeting in the afternoon.他们在下午没有任何会议。

II. 疑问句

用来提问的句子叫疑问句,句末用问号。疑问句主要有四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

1、一般疑问句

1)一般疑问句的构成

陈述句的谓语动词是动词be或have,构成一般疑问句时只须颠倒主语和动词的语序。例如:

She is a nurse. (她是一名护士。) Is she a

nurse?(她是一名护士吗?)

He has many friend.(他有许多朋友。) Has he many friends?/ Does he have many friends? (他有许多朋友吗?)

陈述句的谓语部分是“助动词 / 情态动词+实义动词”构成一般疑问句时,只将助动词或情态动词移放在主语前面。例如:

The premier has been to our school. (总理去过我们的学校。)

Has the premier been to our school?(总理去过我们学校吗?)

They can do it for us.(他们做这个为我们。)

Can they do it for us? (他们能为我们做这个吗?)

陈述句的谓语动词如果是一般实义动词,构成一般问句时,要用“Do / Does / Did +主语+动词原形”构成这一结构实际上只用于“现在一般时态和过去一般时态中谓语动词为实义动词”的情况。例如:

The students read English every morning.(学生们每天早晨读英语。)

Do the students read English every morning? (学生们每天早晨读英语吗?)

She often helps them. (她经常帮助他们。)

Does she often help them? (她经常帮助他们吗?)

He bought a car last month.(他上个月买了一辆车。)Did he buy a car last month?(他上个月买了一辆新车吗?)2)一般疑问句的回答

一般问句要用升调。一般要求用Yes或No来回答;有时,也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词或相应的结构来回答,如:perhaps, certainly, of course, all right, I think so, surely; never, sorry, not yet, certainly not, not at all, I'm afraid not等。例如:

"Do you want to study English?"你想学英语吗? " Yes, I do."“是的,我想学。”

若表示肯定“我想学”,也可以回答:Certainly.或Of course.意为“当然”。

当回答: No, I don't.“不,我不想学”时,还可以回答:Certainly not.(当然不想)或Not at all.(一点儿不想学)

3)一般问句的否定形式

一般问句也有否定形式,肯定回答时用“Yes, +肯定结构”;否定回答时,用“No,+否定结构”。请注意这种语境中Yes 和No与汉语的译义逻辑关系。例如:

"Don't you want to stay with me? 你不愿意和我呆在一起吗?

“Yes, I do.不,我愿意。”(“No, I don't.是的,我不愿意。”)

2、特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句是以疑问代词(who, whom, what, which)、疑问形容词(which, what, whose)或疑问副词(when, where, how, why)开头。特殊疑问句一般用降调。

1)特殊疑问句的构成

如果疑问代词是问句的主语或以“疑问形容词+名词”为问

句的主语,这个问句就用正常的陈述句语序。例如:

Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?

Which team won the championship? 哪个队赢得了冠军?

疑问句除作问句的主语或主语的定语以外,其余情况一律用“疑问词+一般疑问句”的语序。例如:

Whose is this shirt?(Whose shirt is this?)这衬衣是谁的?

Why does he often go there? 为什么他经常去那儿?

What did he tell you? 他告诉你什么?

如果疑问词是介词的宾语这个特殊疑问句就可以有两种情况:

To whom did you give the letter? 你把这封信给谁?Whom(Who) did you give the letter to?

3、选择疑问句

选择疑问句是要求从所提出的两个或多个项目中选择一个

答案。朗读时,前面的项目用升调,最后一个项目用降调。选择问句有两种类型:

1)类似一般问句的类型,即“一般问句+or+省略的一般问句”。例如:

"Is it right or wrong?" "It's right."对的还是错的?它是对的。

"Do you want to go by bus or by train?" "By bus." 你想乘公共汽车还是乘火车?乘公共汽车。

"Do you want the wall painted yellow, white or green?" "White"你想把墙刷成黄色的、白色的还是绿色的?白色的。2)类似特殊疑问句的类型,即“特殊疑问句+or+省略的特殊疑问句”。例如:

"Which coffee would you like, black or white?"“你要哪一种咖啡?清咖啡还是加牛奶的?”“清的。”

{注意}上面结构中所说的“省略”均指的是问句中相同部分的省略,选项绝对不能省略。如果句中没有重复的部分省略就是不可能的。如下面这个句子就不能写成省略的形式。Are you a teacher now or have you not finished college yet? 你现在是教师,或是还没有大学毕业?

选择的项目可以用不同的方式提出,即所表达的意思一样而表达的方式可以不同。例如:

Is it right or wrong? (wrong前省略了"is it")

Is it right or not? (not前省略了"is it", 后省略了"right")

Is it or isn't it right? (or前省略了"right")

4、反意疑问句

1、当前面陈述部分的主语是“this,that”时,反意疑问句的主语用it代替;当前面陈述部分的主语是“these,those”时,反意疑问句的主语用they代替;当前面陈述部分是感叹句时,反意疑问句的主语应根据感叹句强调的情况用it、they、he、she等。例如:

This is very important, isn't it? 这很重要,不是吗?

2、当前面陈述部分是“There be......”句型时,反意疑问句仍用there。例如:

There is a radio on the table, isn't there? Yes, there is.桌子上有一台收音机,不是吗?是的,有一台。

3、当前面陈述部分是“I am+表语”时,反意疑问句常用“aren't I”。例如:I'm late, aren't I?

4、当不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句等充当前面陈述部分的主语时,反意问句中的主语用it。例如:

What you need is more practice, isn't it? 你需要的是多练习,不是吗?

To learn English well isn't easy, isn't it? 学习英语

是不容易,不是吗?

Swimming is great fun, isn't it? 游泳很有趣,不是吗?

5、当前面陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句,那么疑问部分的谓语应该跟主句的谓语所用的形式一致。例如:You needn't do that when your maid is here, need you? 当你的女仆在这儿时,你不需要做这个,是吗?

6、当前面陈述部分是everything, anything,something,nothing等不定代词时,反意问句的主语一般用it。例如:Everything is all right, isn't it? 一切都正常,不是吗?

7、当前面陈述部分是由“I'm sure that; I'm afraid that;we are sure that;We are afraid that; I feel sure that;We feel sure that”构成时,反意疑问句与主要信息的宾语从句相一致。例如:

I'm sure you'll help her, won't you? 我确信你会帮助她,不是吗?

8、当前面陈述部分中含有否定意义的前缀和否定意义的后缀的单词时(hopeless,careless,unfit,dislike,irregular,impossible,disagree,unsuccessful,incomplete,inactive,inexact,dishonest,unhealthy,unhelpful,uninterested,unpleasant等),反意疑问句用否定形式。例如:

He is unfit for his office, isn't he? 他不称职,不是吗?

9、当前面陈述部分句首的前面有so,oh时,句子所带有的感情色彩更加明显,反意疑问句与前面主句谓语一致。在语法上这种情况应叫修饰性疑问句,其语调从头至尾应是降调。例如:

So you are getting married, are you? 你的确是要结婚,是吗?

So you don't like my cooking, don't you? 你真的不喜欢我的烹饪,难道不是吗?

10、当前面陈述部分的主语是缩写的'd时,应视情况判断其缩写是would,could,had还是should。有's时,具体判断是is还是has的缩写。例如:

You'd like some coffee, wouldn't you? 你想在来点咖啡,不是吗?

11、注意判断陈述部分的主语是单数还是复数,反意疑问句从人称和数上应与陈述部分主语相一致。例如:

None of the food was wasted, was it? 没有食物浪费,是吗?

None of the workers arrived on time, did they? 没有工人按时到,是吗?

12、当前面陈述部分中含有must表示推测时,应根据时态和

时间确定其反意疑问句的形式,其后的反意疑问句中不能重复must。对现在的肯定推测用be与主语相一致;对过去的肯定推测用have与主语相一致;对过去的肯定推测中含有明确的时间状语时,常用did。例如:

You must be tired, aren't you? 你肯定太累了,不是吗?He must work hard, doesn't he? 他肯定工作努力,不是吗?

You must be joking, aren't you? 你肯定是开玩笑,不是吗?

They must have finished the experiment yesterday, didn't they? 他们昨天肯定做完实验了,不是吗?

13、陈述部分以第一人称主语I / We+ don't think(expect,believe, guess, imagine, suppose) + that 从句时,反意问句与从句相一致,用肯定式,因否定已前移。否则,主句是由其他人称作主语时,仍与主句相一致。例如:

I suppose you know the meaning of this word, don't you? 我想你知道这词的意义,不是吗?

I don't think he can finish the work on time. can he?我认为他不能按时完成工作,是吗?

14、当前面陈述部分是I wish to do......时,反意疑问句用may I;当前面陈述部分是Neither you nor I am a doctor 时,反意疑问句用are we;当前面陈述部分是Let us do......

时,反意疑问句用will you或won't you;当前面陈述部分是let's do ......时,反意疑问句用shall we;当前面主句是否定祈使句时,用will you;当陈述部分以Let's not 开头时,其后的反意疑问句用ok或all right;以Let them (him,the boy, her......)开头时,反意疑问句用will you。例如:

Let's have a rest, shall we? 咱们休息一会儿,好吗?Let us have a look at it, will you? 让我们看一看它,行吗?

I wish to go home now, may I? 我想现在回家,行吗?

15、当前面陈述部分中含有little, few, hardly, seldom, never, none, nothing, no, scarcely时,反意问句用肯定形式。

He seldom writes to you, does he? 他很少给你写信,对吗?

You have nothing else to say, have you? 你没有什么要说的了,对吗?

16、当前面陈述部分中的谓语是used to时,反意疑问句常用usedn't或didn't,有时也可见到用usedn't。例如:

He used to live in London, use(d)n't he / didn't he?他过去居住在伦敦,是吗?

17、当前面陈述部分中的谓语动词是have当“有”讲时,反

意疑问句中可用have或其他助动词与主语相一致。当have不当“有”讲时,只能用其他助动词与主语相一致。

She has a brother, hasn't (doesn't) she? 她有一个弟弟,不是吗?

You have lunch at home, don't you? 你在家吃午饭,不是吗?

They had a good time in the park, didn't they? 他们在公园过得很愉快,不是吗?

18、由于情态动词must具有推测性和非推测性,指客观情况的是非推测性用法而指说话人的主观看法是推测性用法。当前面陈述部分的must是非推测性用法时,反意疑问句分别用mustn't或needn't相对应。

1)当must表示“必须”时,其后的反意疑问句用mustn't。We must work hard, mustn't we?我们必须努力学习,对吗?

2)当must表示“必要”时,其后的反意疑问句用needn't。We must learn from her, needn't we? 我们应该向她学习,对吗?

3)当must表示“禁止”时,其后的反意疑问句用must或 may 。

I mustn't tell it to him, must (may) I? 我不能把这事告诉他,对吗?

4)当must表示“询问”时,其后的反意疑问句用will。

You must come to see us, will you? 你一定要来看望我们,好吗?

19、当前面陈述部分主语是everyone,everybody,anybody,anyone,someone,somebody,no one, nobody, each, one 等不定代词时,反意问句的主语用they,也可用he。Everybody knows the answer, don't they? 每个人都知道这个答案,不是吗?

III、祈使句

英语句子按其使用目的来分类可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四大类型。祈使句作为这四大类型之一,有其特有的用法和表达形式。

一、祈使句的用法

1、祈使句又叫命令句,通常被用于表示命令、请求或禁止的语气。例如:

Speak a little more slowly, please! 请讲慢一点。(表请求)

Don't play football on the road! 不要在公路上踢足球。(表禁止)

Get out! 滚出去!(表命令)

2、此外,祈使句可用于表示邀请、建议、指路等。例如:Have another moon cake, please.请再吃块月饼。(表邀请)

Be careful! It's dangerous.当心! 那很危险。(表警告)Go along this road, and take the second turning on the right.沿着这条路往前走,路右侧第二个路口就是。(表建议)

3、祈使句也可用来表条件,常用于“祈使句+and / or +陈述句”句型中。例如:

Take more exercise and you'll feel healthy.多锻炼身体,你就会身体健康。

Hurry up, or you'll be late.快点,否则会迟到的。

二、祈使句的表达形式

1、以原形动词引起祈使句。这类句子是以原形动词开头,它的主语通常是第二人称(you),习惯上常省去,具体说来又可分为“do 型”和“be 型”两种结构。例如:

(1)“do 型”,即“行为动词原形+宾语(+其它成分)”构成。例如:

Look after them, please.请照顾好他们。Do it like this.这样做。

(2)“be 型”即由“Be+表语(+其它成分)”构成。例如:Be quiet, boys and girls.孩子们,请安静。

Be careful, there's a dog behind you.小心你身后有一只狗。

以上结构的祈使句构成否定时,常以don't置于句首构成,

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