声学基础专业英文

声学英文词彙

声音，声学及其分支

声音：sound

可听声〔阈〕：audible sound

超声：ultrasound

次声：infrasound

水声：underwater sound

地声：underground sound

噪声：noise

声学：Acoustics

物理声学：Physical Acoustics；非线性声学：Nonlinear Acoustics

超声学：Ultrasonics；次声学：Infrasonics；水声学：Underwater Acoustics 气动声学：Aeroacoustics

建筑声学：Architectural Acoustics；室內声学：Room Acoustics

音乐声学：Musical Acoustics

环境声学：Environmental Acoustics

海洋声学：Oceanic Acoustics

电声学：Electroacoustics

语言声学：Speech Acoustics；语音信号处理：Speech Processing

声信号处理：Acoustical Signal Processing

光声学：Optoacoustics

医学超声学：Medical Ultrasonics

生物声学：Bioacoustics

声化学：Sonochemistry

生理声学：Physiological Acoustics；心理声学：Phsychoacoustics

振动

振动：vibration

受迫振动：forced vibration

阻尼振动

弹性：elasticity

劲度：stiffness；弹性常数：stiffness constant

恢复力：restoration；张力：tension

惯性，声质量：inertance

力〔机械〕阻抗〔阻，順，抗〕：mechanical impedance (resistance, compliance, reactance)

力导纳〔导，納〕：mechanical admittance, mobility (responsiveness, excitability)集总线路元件：lumped circuit elements

共振：resonance；反共振：antiresonance

参量共振：parametric resonance

共鸣器，共振器：resonator

亥姆霍茲共鸣器：Helmholtz resonator

振子：oscillator

激振器：vibrator

隔振：isolation

〔阻抗型，导纳型〕类比：(impedance-type, mobility-type) analogy

摩擦〔力〕：friction (force)

阻尼〔系数〕：damping (coefficient)

衰变：decay

谐波：harmonics，谐和：harmony

基频：fundamental frequency

固有〔特征，本征〕频率：natural (characteristic, eigen-) frequency

简正频率〔方式、模式〕：normal frequency (mode)

波节：node；波腹：antinode, loop

音：tone；泛音：overtone；音调：pitch；音色：timbre

声媒质及其性质

媒质、介质：medium

可压缩的：compressible；不可压缩的：incompressible

压缩率，压缩系数：compressibility

可相融的，不相融的：miscible，immiscible

绝热的：adiabatic；等温的：isothermal

体〔剪切〕弹性系数，体〔切〕弹性模量：bulk (shear) modulus

热传导〔率〕：thermal conduction (conductivity)

〔容变〕粘性：(bulk) viscousity

〔切变、容变〕粘滞系数：viscous coefficient, coefficient of (shear, bulk) viscosity 无黏〔流体〕：inviscid (fluid)

声速：sound speed

频散：dispersion

吸收〔损失〕：absorption (loss)；吸收系数：absorptivity, absorption coefficient

耗散〔损失〕：dissipation (loss)

非均匀性：inhomogeneity

多孔介质：porous media

穿孔：peforation

穿孔板：perforated plate

穿孔比：ratio of perforation

孔隙率：porosity

声边界层〔厚度〕、趋肤深度：acoustic boundary layer (thickness)，skin depth 叠加原理

波数

声涉及传播

声波：sound waves, acoustic waves

机械〔水，重力，声重力〕波：mechanical (water, gravity, acoustic-gravity) waves 传播：propagation；

纵〔横〕波：longitudinal (transverse) waves

行〔驻〕波：traveling (standing) waves

平面〔柱面，球面〕波：plane (spherical, cylindrical) waves

外表〔瑞利，漸失〕波：surface (Rayleigh, evanescent) waves

压缩〔体〕波：compressional (bulk) waves

声压缩

切变〔弯曲〕波：shear (flexural, bending) waves

〔切〕应变：(shear) strain

〔切〕应力：(shear) stress

波导：duct, waveguide；声管：pipe, tube

导波：guided waves

相〔群〕速度：phase (group) velocity