动词不定式的被动语态主动表被动
详解动词不定式的五种

详解动词不定式的五种“式”不定式根据其发生的时间不同以及所处的状语的不同,可以有一般式、完成式、进行式、完成进行式,同时根据它与逻辑主语的关系的不同,可以有主动式和被动式。
如下表:一、不定式一般式的用法1. 表示未发生的动作即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。
如:I expect him to arrive tomorr ow. 我预计他明天到达。
I hope to catchan earlytrain.我希望赶上早班火车。
The doctor advise d me to take a comple te rest. 医生建议我完全休息。
2. 表示同时发生的动作即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。
如:Who heardhim say that? 是谁听到他这样说的?(say与he ard几乎同时发生) I‟msorryto hear that. 听到这事我很难过。
(to hear 略先于amsorry)3. 表示一般情况即看不出动作的先后关系,而是表示一种情况或现象。
如:Washin g the car seemsto be your main hobby.擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。
None of her many lovers seemed to want to marryher. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。
二、不定式进行式的用法1. 表示同时进行即表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。
如:He seemsto be follow ing us. 他似乎在跟着我们。
He preten ded to be lookin g for a book. 他假装在找书。
I happen ed to be lookin g out of the window when they arrive d. 他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。
主动表被动的13种情况

主动表示被动的13种情况回顾主动表示被动的13种情况回顾各位同学国庆节快乐:被动语态是英语学习中的主要语法项目,是高考每年必考项目。
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。
特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。
在英语学习中,有许多地方按中文思维要用被动语态,但英语表达思维方式就必须用主动表被动,这对许多学生来说是一个难点,常常让他们感到不好学,不好掌握。
解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
在此小结如下13种主动表示被动的情况:一、不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态常见动词是:cut, sell, read,write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。
1.This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。
2.These books sell well.这些书好卖。
3.The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。
4.Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
5.The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
二、一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。
常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。
1.The apples taste good.2.The flower smells wonderful.3.The news proved/turned out true.4.Cotton feels soft.三、不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。
不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。
如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义: 用于此结构的常见形容词有:hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,conve nient,impossible,convenient, cheap, expensive,(便利的,方便的), 等。
被动语态中主动形式表示被动意义讲解及练习教师版

被动语态中主动形式表被动意义讲解及练习主动形式表被动意义讲解1. 在need, want, require, deserve等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其意义相当于动词不定式的被动形式E.g. The way we read need changing.= to be changedThese young trees require looking after carefully.= to be looked afterI think your suggestion deserves considering.= to be consideredThese words wants explaining once more.= to be explained2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义E.g. Many classic works are worth reading.3. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义E.g. These classic works may be difficult to understand.4. 在too… to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义E.g. These classic works may even be too expensive for us to buy.5. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常用来表被动;如:rent, blame, let等。
E.g.The taxi is to rent.The house is to lent.The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. 6.某些可以和well, badly, easily, smoothly 等副词连用的不及物动词。
todo主动表示被动

英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式。
当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的对象,即是一种动宾关系时,不定式用被动形式。
当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的执行者,即是一种主动关系时,不定式用主动形式。
在某些情况下,不定式虽然与所说明的人或物是动宾关系,但仍用主动形式。
这种不定式主动形式表示被动意义的情况主要有下列几种:一、当不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系,又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,该不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
例如:I have a meeting to attend.我有个会议要参加。
(to attend与I有主谓关系)Give him some books to read.给他一些书看。
(to read 与him 有主谓关系)如果不属于上述情况,则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。
试比较下面两句:1.Have you anything to do this afternoon?你今天下午有事要做吗?2.Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ?你有什么东西要带到城里去吗?句1中主语you与不定式to do存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,to do实际上指的是you的动作,所以用主动形式表示被动意义;而句2中主语you与不定式to take不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式所指的并非是you的动作,所以仍要用被动形式to be taken表示被动意义。
(have在“主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语+ to do ”结构中,动词不定式与直接宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。
因此,也可以用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例如:I'll give him some books to read.我要给他一些书看看。
直接宾语some books是动词不定式to read的逻辑宾语,间接宾语him是动词不定式to read的逻辑主语。
动词不定式的被动语态主动表被动

A. to invent C. to have invented
B. inventing C. having invented
4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy C. heavy too much
2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1) 做主语(常用it做形式主语) To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.
It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by …. 被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式,是一大荣幸。
this evening.
A. to be taken C. being taken
B. to take D. taking
7.There are five pairs ___,but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
动词不定式的被动语态主 动表被动
一、复习各种时态的被动语态
★ 被动语态的基本结构: be+ done (以 the book , publish 为例) 一般现在/过去时: The book __i_s_/_w__a_s_p_u_b_l_is_h_e_d____. 一般/过去将来时: The book ___w__il_l/_w__o_u_ld__b_e_p_u__b_li_sh_e_d___. The book ___is_/_w__a_s_g_o_in_g__t_o_b_e__p_u_b_li_s_h_e_d. 现在/过去进行时: The book ___i_s_/_w_a_s_b_e_i_n_g_p_u_b__li_sh_e_d_____. 现在/过去完成时: The book ___h_a_s_/_h_a_d__b_e_e_n_p_u_b__li_sh_e_d_____. 情态动词:
高中英语主动形式表被动意义的十种情况

英语中主动形式表被动意义的十种情况英语中有时用动词的主动形式表示被动意义。
现总结如下:1.某些感官动词,如look,feel,sound,taste,smell等常用主动形式表示被动意义。
例如:2.某些动词,如sell,wash,write,lock,shut,close,open,read,wear等,作不与物动词时常用主动形式表示被动意义。
例如:His pen writes smoothly.The window won’t shut.This type of TV set sells well.3.prove用作系动词,用主动形式表被动意义。
These methods have proves quite effective.He proves (to be)honest.4.be worth后长加动词的主动形式表被动意义。
例如:The book is well worth reading.This film is worth seeing.5.need,want,require,won’t bear,deserve等动词后用V-ing主动形式表被动意义。
句中主语是V-ing实质上的宾语。
用作V-ing形式的动词假设是不与物动词,后应加相应的介词。
The flowers need/want/require watering.The problem required paying special attention to.以上几个动词除外,也可用不定式的被动语态来表示。
例如:6.某些动词的进展时可表被动意义,如print,cook,build,show等。
例如:What’s showing at the cinema this week?Her novel is reprinting(=being reprinted).The bridge is building(=being built)7.to let〔出租〕,to blame〔责备〕只用主动形式表被动意义。
动词不定式

4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _____ for him without delay. A.to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave 5.I found the German language hard ____. A.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn
注意:使役动词和感官动词跟不带to的 动词不定式,变为被动时to必须恢复。
(5)定语
不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面,与所修 饰的词之间有三种关系动宾,主谓,同位: (1)动宾关系
I have a lot of work to do. I have something to say.
(2)主谓关系
动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)
(5).He is said to study abroad next year. He is said to be studying abroad now. He is said to have studied abroad before.
三. 用法/ 功能
(1). 主语,相当于名词
不定式概述
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是 “not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语 构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时 态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、 状语、表语,定语或独立成分,但不能单独作 谓语。
英语中的主动表被动

英语中的主动表被动笔者通过对现有高中教材及资料的研读,观察到了有许多主动表被动的情况,兹总结如下以飨读者。
Ⅰ连系动词(如sound,smell,look,feel,taste,become, prove等)要用主动表被动。
e.g The tiger looks dangerousYou idea sounds a good oneMy advice proved to be rightⅡ当read,wash,clean,write,carry等用作不及物动词且描述主语的某种性质特征时,用主动表被动,该用法通常与well, easily, slowly等副词连用。
但表示动作执行者所执行的动作仍用被动语态。
e.g The book sells quicklyThe pen writes wellThe cloth washes easily注:(1)The sentences write clearly这些句子写得很清楚(即这句子没有歧义)(2)The sentences are written clearly这些句子被写得很清楚(指写得人写得好)Ⅲ非谓语动词中1、“主语+be+ adj+不定式”常用于本句型的形容词包括:easy,hard,ditticult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,comfortable,safe,dan-gerous,impossible,s trange等。
动词是不及物动词要加相应的介词。
e.g ①The air would be hard to breathe②This dictionary is cheap enough to buy.③The ice is too thin to skate on.④The chair is comfortable to sit on2、不定式作后置定语,与所修饰的词有动宾关系,又与句中其它的名词或代词有主谓关系,这时不定式用主动表被动。
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5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, A. not to C. not do it but his mother told him ______. B. not to do D. do not to
6. Little Jim should love _____ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken C. being taken B. to take D. taking
★ 注意:若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时, 不定式则必须用被动式。 ★ 比较: I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印:I will type the letter) I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为: I get sb. to type the letter) 1) I’ll go to New York. Have you anything to be taken ____________(take) to your wife there? 2) Have you any clothes ____________(wash), to be washed sir?” asked the maid 3) I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes ___________(wash) to wash
3. They knew him ___________________ to have been arrested (arrest) by the police. 5. He said he was _________ to be sent (send) there to attend an important meeting next Friday.
二、动词不定式的被动语态 1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式: 1)一般式 (not/never )to be done 2)完成式 (not/ never) to have been done (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)
2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1) 做主语(常用it做形式主语) To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by …. 被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式,是一大荣幸。
5)做定语 What e women! 英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。
The English are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in London. 6)做状语 All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas. 他匆忙赶到订票处(booking office)却被告知 所有的票都卖完了。
9. With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled C.to settle B. settling D. being settled
10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_____in making the earth a better place to live. A.to have played C. to be played B. to play D. to be playing
He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.
语态
时态
一般式 完成式 进行式
主动语态
to do to have done to be doing
被动语态
to be done to have been done /
to have 完成进行式 been doing
/
I. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充 完整。 to be typed 1. He wanted the letter __________ (type) at once. 2. It is the first such project to have been designed ______________ (design) by Chinese engineers.
easier____ it more difficult.
A. not make
C. not making
B. not to make
D. do not make
2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job. A. expected C. to be expecting B. to expect D. expects
4) 做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed. 这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座 电影院。 The disabled child expected the cinema to be designed by the chief architect.
一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★ 被动语态的基本结构: be+ done (以 the book , publish 为例) 一般现在/过去时: The book ____________________. is/ was published 一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________. will/would be published The book __________________________. is/was going to be published 现在/过去进行时: is/was being published The book __________________________. 现在/过去完成时: has/had been published The book ___________________________. 情态动词: can/could/may/might…be published The book _______________________________.
It is a great honor to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of Asian Games. 2) 做表语 The party is to be held next Saturday evening. 明年, 这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。 The new drug is to be tested out on the 500 overweight people next year.
3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 1) 不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词或代词构成 逻辑上的动宾关系,但又与该句主语(或另一名 词/代词)构成逻辑上的主谓关系时, He has nothing to eat. 分析: eat 动→nothing宾 / he 主→eat 谓 I will give you a book to read . 分析: _____ you 主→_____ read 谓 read 动→________ a book 宾/ _____ 这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。 The elegant lady had something to declare.
3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 2) 在“主语+表语(形容词)to do” 中, 主语也是 不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是 动宾关系。 This question is easy to answer. (分析:answer (动)------this question (宾)) ★ 注意: 如果动词为不及物动词,则要注意介词的搭配。 John is difficult to deal with. deal with 动)----________( John (分析:_________( 宾 )) 如:这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。 The armchair is comfortable to sit in 这题目很难算出来。 The question is difficult to work out
3. Charles Babbage is generally considered
_____the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented
C. having invented
4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy C. heavy too much B. too much heavy D. too heavy much
4. There be 结构中,用不定式的主动和被 动式来修饰主语,区别不大。 There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式) 没有什么可担心的。 There is nothing to worry about.