高考英语阅读理解专题训练精品题(14)
(英语)高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练及解析
（英语）高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction.More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years.They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans arethe main cause.Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting thatwe have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered.The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions.One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tensof thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many ofthe species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However,its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.（1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？A. Humans are the main cause of it.B. It means a global decline over a long time.C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.D. Scientists still disagree about the causeof it.（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100.B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂.D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂.（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ?A. Land animals.B. Marine life.C. Huge animals.D. Flesh-eating creatures.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。
2020版高考英语一轮复习课时提能练14Theenvironment(含解析)牛津译林版
课时提能练(十四)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2019·陕西省部分学校检测)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past.Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.Recently，I had to change my thinking，when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place，with my two daughters.The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep(陡的) stairs in order to find an empty table.After enjoying coffee and snacks，we went down the narrow stairs，where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.Just as I was in the middle of the stairs，a man entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase(楼梯)．I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.I kept coming down as fast as I could.My daughters were already down，looking up at me worriedly，hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs，knowing I was a nervous sort.Nearly reaching them，I noticed the man still standing near the door.I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open.I looked back，thinking he was still at the door，deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place.I saw him going up the stairs，two at a time.I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.Such wellmannered people are hard to find these days when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society.We applauded for his chivalry(彬彬有礼的行为)．【语篇解读】在这个忙碌的现代社会，彬彬有礼、体贴他人的品质变得尤为珍贵。
【2014】高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习(13)及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（13）及答案阅读理解----I told my friend Graham that I often cycle two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route．He replied, "You mean fortunately．"He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided．My attitude to the hill has now changed．I used to grumble as I approached it but now I tell myself the following．This hill will exercise my heart and lungs．It will help me to lose weight and get fit．It will mean that I live longer．This hill is my friend．Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationery exercise bicycles when I call get the same value for free．I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill．Problems are there to be faced and overcome．We cannot achieve anything with an easy life．Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree．Her activism and writing proved inspirational．She wrote?" Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet．Only through experiences of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved．"One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity (逆境）．From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents, afflictions and difficulties．Some are of our making but many confront us through no fault of our own．While we cannot choose the adversity we can choose our attitude towards it．Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident．He was deter-mined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aces in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans．He was an inspiration to others during the war．He said, "Don't listen to any-one who tells you that you can't do this or that．That's nonsense．Make up your mind, you'll never use crutches（拐杖）or a stick, then have a go at everything．Go to school, join in all the games you can．Go anywhere you want to．But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible．"The biographies （传记）of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced．The common thread is th at they did not become depressed．They chose their attitude．They chose to be positive．They took on the challenge．They won．Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity．57．Which of the following is true according to the author of the passage?A．Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to fake exercise．B．People are silly to pay to go to the gym．C．Those who want to achieve success cant expect to live all easy life．D．People's attitude towards adversity is the only factor that determines whether they will succeed．58．By quoting what Douglas Bader said, the author intends to tell us"________．"A．Failure is the mother of Success．B．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit．C．If you venture nothing, you will have nothing．D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try．59．Following this passage, the author will further talk about_____．A．how his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the adversity he facedB．what steps to take to change your attitude towards the adversity you faceC．what great people have in commonD．why it is important to keep optimistic in face of adversity60．Which of the following can best function as the title of the passage?A．Face adversity with a smile B．Different attitudes towards adversityC．Nothing is impossible D．Life is full of adversity参考答案C8[2013·浙江卷] CThe baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from themoment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey b egins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mother－substitute (母亲替代物).During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother－substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother－substitutes as their favor ites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother－substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”.50．Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of itslife?A. Warmth.B. Milk.C. Contac t.D. Trust.51．After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ________.A. larger in sizeB. closer to themC. less frightening and less disturbingD. more comfortable to rub against52．What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？A. Attention.B. Softness.C. Confidence.D. Interest.53．It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, ________.A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysB. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsC. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingD. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. give the reasons for the experimentB. present the findings of the experimentC. introduce the method of the experimentD. describe the process of the experiment【要点综述】这是一篇说明文。
2020高考英语三模前阅读理解专题练14(学生版)三年真题研读专练
三模前阅读理解专题练14题组一AHere are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.Need inspiration?Scott MonumentThis remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the life and work of Sir Walter Scott. Climb the 287 steps to the top a nd you’ll be rewarded with some pretty special views.History lovers? Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock. You can take a tour(human or audio)or just wander through it with a map. Listen out for the One o’clock Gun-it fires every day except Sunday. At one o’clock. Obviously.Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincideFeeling hungry?A satisfying dinner: With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grown fresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews.A light lunch: Thomson’s Bar claims to serve “the best steak pie in Edinburgh”, to match with real beer(it’s in the Good Beer Guide)and enough whiskies(威士忌酒)to take up a whole page on the drinks menu.Shopping centrePri nces Street: You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shopping drag, Princes Street. There’sM&S, Gap and Waterstones and also a bit of a retail landmark in the shape of Jenners department store.Harvey Nichols: A byword(名词)for luxury,Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack. Gucci,Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from your cash.Hidden EdinburghEdinburgh’s deepest secret(literally)is a network of underground streets, which you can tour with a guide. Try “The Real Mary King’s Close” to uncover some of the myths and mysteries as to how the street,once open to the skies, found itself underground.Need trains to Edinburgh? We’ll get you sorted…56. Where can visitors enjoy a full view of the city in Edinburgh?A. Scott Monument.B. Timberyard.C. Edinburgh Castle.D. The Real Mary King’s Close.57. While shopping in Edinburgh,we may find that _______.A. Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shoppingB. Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expe nsiveC. many high-end brands can be found in Harvey NicholsD. one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols58. This page is most likely to be found at _______.A. https:///en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburghB. https:///en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburghC. https:///discover/about-the-castleD. https:///our-destinations/edinburgh-overviewBI was at the funeral of my dearest friend-my mother. She finally had lost her long battle with cancer. The hurt was so intense; I found it hard to breathe at times. Always supportive, Mother clapped loudest at my school plays, held the box of tissues while listening to my first heartbr eak, comforted me at my father’s death, and prayed for me my entire lifeWhen mother’s illness was diagnosed, my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married his childhood sweetheart, so it fell on me the 27-year-old middle child, to take care of her. I counted it an honor. My place had been with our mother, preparing her. meals, taking her to the doctor, reading the Bible together. Now she was in heaven. My work was finished, but I was aloneDeep in sorrow, suddenly, I heard a door open and slam shut at the back of the church. Quick footsteps hurried along the carpeted floor. A young man looked around briefly and then sat next to me. He folded his hands and placed them on his lap. His eyes started to be filled with tears.“I’m late”, he explained, though no explanation was necessary. ”After several eulogies(悼词), he leaned over and commented,” Why do they keep calling Mary by the name of Margaret?“Because, that was her name, Margaret. Never Mary.” I whispered, wondering who the stranger was any way.“Isn’t this the Lutheran church? ”“No, the Lutheran church is across the street.”“I believe you’re at the wrong funeral, Sir.”The solemnness(庄重)of the occasion mixed with the realization of the man’s mistake bubbled up inside me and came out as laughter: Sharp looks from other mourners(x # 4)only made the situation seem more stupid. I peeked at the confused, misguided man seated beside me. He was laughing too, as he glanced around, deciding it was too late for an uneventful exit. I imagined Mother laughing.At the final ‘Amen, we rushed out a door and into the parking lot. “I do believe we’ll be the talk of the town. By the way, my name is Rick.” he smiledThat afternoon began a lifelong journey for me with this man who attended the wrong funeral, but was in the right place. A year after our meeting, we were married at a country church. This time we both arrived at the same church, right on time.In my time of sorrow, God gave me laughter. In place of loneliness, God gave me love. This past June, we celebrated our twenty-second wedding anniversary. Whenever anyone asks us how we met Rick tells them, her mother and my Aunt Mary introduced us, and it’s truly a match made in heaven59. Only author could take care of her mom mainly because _______.A. she was the only child in the familyB. a lovely baby came into her brother’s familyC. she was the only child without a new family’s burdenD. her mom loved her much more than other children60. What can we infer from the passage?A. The author and Rick met 22 years ago for the first timeB. The author was supposed to have been in Lutheran ChurchC. Margaret should be the name of Rick’s aunt.D. The mourners considered the author’s joy improper.61. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hope Remaining at the FuneralB. A Heavenly EncounterC. Two Funerals at One TimeD. Seeking God’s Everlasting LoveCA family in Edinburgh has discovered that an old chess piece they kept in a drawer for 55 years is a long-lost part of a medieval(中世纪的)chess set. The piece was bought by their grandfather for £5 from an antique dealer in Edinburgh in 1964. It is estimated that it could now sell for £ 1 million at auction(拍卖). It is one of five missing pieces from the Lewis Chessmen, a set of medieval chess pieces that were found in a sand hill on the Isle of Lewis, off Scotland’s west coast, in 1831.The piece is 8.8 centimeters tall and made from walrus ivory, a rare material in those days. It is warder, which is a prison guard, with a helmet, shield and sword. This piece would be the same as a rook(车), or castle in a modern chess set.The family, who don’t want to make their name public, explained how their grandfather was unaware of the piece’s importance when he bought it in 1964. After he died, it was looked af ter by his daughter, who believed that it had magical qualities. They finally realized how important the piece was when it was examined by Alexander Kader, an expert at Sotheby’s auction house in London.The Lewis Chessmen are famous all over the world. The set is split between the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, and the British Museum in London, attracting lots of visitors. They are thought to have been made in Trondheim, Norway, between AD 1150 and 1200, and were probably buried on Lewis for safekeeping on their way to being sold in Ireland. Nobody really knows for sure why they were buried there or how they were discovered.The piece will go on display in Edinburgh and then London before its auction on 2 July. It is expected to either be bought by, or loaned to, a museum. Kader says there are still four missing pieces out there, “However, it might take another 150 years for one to show up.”62. Which of the following is TRUE about the Lewis Chessmen?A. It has a history of 55 years.B. It consists of 5 missing chesses.C. It is made from walrus ivory.D. It is the equivalent of a rook.63. People are most likely to see the Lewis Chessmen _______.A. in a sand hillB. in the museumsC. in a family drawerD. at an auction house64. Why did the daughter keep the chess piece for so many years?A. She was honoring her late grandfather’s wish.B. She knew it had certain historical value.C. She didn’t want to make its existence public.D. She thought it had some mysterious power.65. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Where the chess piece will end up remains to be seen.B. The other four missing pieces will eventually surface.C. The family expects the piece to be sold to the museum.D. The auction will attract many private collectors in Scotland.DFreedoms challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses In Greece, in Athens(雅典)a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenians pride and joy to give to their city That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. there had to be a complete change of attitude before they could took at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing: Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens hada right to shareAthens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibilityThere could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.But “the excellent becomes the permanent, ”Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. a great American, James Madison, referred to the capacity of mankind forself-government. No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action, only sure that it will do so sometimes66. What does the underli ned word “tyrannies” in Para 2 refer to?A. Countries where their people need helpB. Powerful states with higher civilizationC. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D. Government ruled with absolute power67. What fundamental change in attitude took place in Athens?A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.B. The Athenians no longer took their pride in the cityC. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.D. The Athenians viewed the government as a business to work for.68. What does the underlined sentence “There could be only one result” in Para 5 mean?A. Athens would continue to beB. Athens would cease to have freedom.C. Freedom would come from responsibility.D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence69. Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?A. He is hopeful about freedomB. He is cautious about self-governmentC. He is doubtful about Greek civilizationD. He is critical of Greece’s loss of freedom70. What is the authors understanding of freedom?A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital ageB. Freedom may come to an end in the digital ageC. Freedom should have priority over responsibilityD. Freedom should be guaranteed by responsibility.题组二A56. When you find a gift in a geocache, you _______.A. make a note of the gift on the website.B. can borrow the gift, but have to return it.C. are allowed to take the gift if you replace it with something else.D. take a photo of the gift as proof that you have found it57. The writer thinks that the most enjoyable kind of geocaching is when _______.A. you have to find a public webcam.B. you have to find a series of geocaches.C. you have to find a geocache and then hide it in a different place.D. you simply have to find one geocache.58. The writer has written the blog mainly to _______.A. suggest that people try geocaching.B. publicise a geocaching event in Sweden.C. warn the reader that geocaching is addictive.D. explain the differences between letterboxing and geocaching.BTiny Countries You Never Knew ExistedSao Tome and PrincipeSao Tome and Principe off Africa’s west coast is only 372 square miles, but it has impressive, undamaged nature, rich in biodiverse species. The amazing needle-like volcanic peak Pico Cao Grande rises 1,000 feet into the air. The islands are home to only around 200,000 people today.San MarinoOnly 23 square miles with a population of just 34,000, the little-known country of San Marino, surrounded by Italy, is the world’s fifth smallest country. With the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Mount Titano, the country is said to be the oldest republic in the world.DominicaDominica covers only 290 square miles, with some of the best diving in the Caribbean, including the UNESCO World Heritage Site of volcanic Morme Trois Pitons National Park. In Dominica, you’ll see rainforests, waterfalls, and coastal views. The island is also home to the only remaining population of the Kalinago, who are part of the island’s 74,900 inhabitants.KiribatiThis Pacific islan d country of 33 coral islands is 313 square miles, but it’s the only country in the world to fall into all four hemispheres(半球). The country’s 109,000 residents live in only 21 of the islands. See this tropical paradise before it is no longer there—rising seas are threatening to swallow the country whole.59.Which country has the smallest population?A. Sao Tome and Principe.B. San Marino.C. Dominica.D. Kiribati.60.What can one see in both San Marino and Dominica?A. V olcanoes.B. World heritage sites.C. Views of the Caribbean.D. Waterfalls.61.Which is TRUE of Kiribati?A. It is rich in biodiverse species.B. It is surrounded by Italy.C. It is home to the Kalinago.D. It is disappearing.CFifty four years ago, y oung Quentin entered this world. “Action!” he must have yelled then to his mum. When he was two, his whole family moved to Los Angeles, and before Quentin Tarantino turned a teenager, he had already seen more movies than most people . In his twenties he started working at the Manhattan Beach Video Archives, where he made some important friendships and tried his hand at making a first movie. It would take another few years until he would sell the scripts for True Romance and Natural Born Killers, and shortly after go on and conquer the film festival circuit in a storm with Reservoir Dogs. And so it began...With Pulp Fcition, QT finally turned Hollywood upside-down for good, and established himself as, what they would then call, an “enfant terrible” of the ne w film-making community. to this day, Pulp Fiction counts as a completely original masterpiece, that sometimes even to his most loyal fans he has not matched again. After Jackie Brown, he took a pause for a while, not turning out a major motion picture until Kill Bill. Kill Bill turned into an epic, and manifested director Tarantino as the truly great filmmaker, opening the eyes of millions among the younger generations to lost classics, foreign cult cinema and the wild world of exploitation film.Then in 2007, he made Grindhouse together with his long time friend Robert Rodriguez. The movie waswell-received among critics, but was a financial disaster. Tarantino has talked about a war movie for many years, but not until 2008 did any of those rumors come together, when he announced that he had in fact finally finished a script for Inglourious Basterds, a massive war epic. The movie went into production that same year, starring Brad Pitt in the leading role. It was a huge international success and gathered quite a few awards.In 2011, Tarantino announced the completion of his latest script, a movie about slavery in the old US south of the 1860s, titled Django Unchained. The movie has attracted enormous attention, especially because it stars Jamie Foxx, Leonardo DiCaprio, Samuel L. Jackson and Christoph Waltz, who won an Oscar for his role in Inglourious Basterds, and whose acting talents have been truly recognized. And 2015 marked the release of his 8th film, appropriately titled The Hateful Eight, a post Civil War era Western mystery and thriller.At the age of 54, Quentin Tarantino has recently gone on record saying he will retire some time soon, but all of the movie fans definitely hope the speak of film-making stays strong in his heart of a long time still. Because in a world densely crowded with average filmmakers QT seems to be one of the few who never play it safe.A Salute to Quentin Tarantino.62. The underlined phrase “enfant terrible” in paragraph 2 means _______.A. rude and unpleasantB. ordinary but arrogantC. smart but unconventionalD. boring and traditional63. According to the passage, which one of the followings is Right?A. Quentin Tarantino was born and raised in Los Angeles.B. After Jackie Brown, Tarantino shot Kill Bill right away.C. The film Grind-house made in 2007 gained huge profitsD. 2008 witnessed the production of Inglourious Basterds.64. We can infer from the paragraph 4 that _______.A. Tarantino finished his shooting of Django Unchained in 2011.B. Christoph Waltz has at least worked with Tarantino two times.C. The all-star cast helped Django Unchained gain wide publicity.D. The story of The Hateful Eight was set during the Civil War.65. What might be the author’s attitude towards Quentin Tarantino?A. indifferentB. negativeC. neutralD. favorableDEffective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists(SAG-AFTRA)has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set(制作中)safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don’t receive residuals(追加酬金)for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.“It’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actorCrispin Freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance(从事自由职业的)performer, who isn’t regularly enjoyed every single day working on projects.”Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “I can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,” says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.“And yet that happens every day in the video game world,” Farley told reporters during a press co nference Friday. “I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.”Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of l percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” So “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,” Witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.”66. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?A. It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.B. The labor contract between them had been violated.C. The negotiations between them had broken down.D. Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.67. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A. It has invested a lot in its domestic market.B. It has attracted many famous voice actors.C. It has become more open and transparent.D. It has gained huge profits in recent years.68. What are the voice actors demanding?A. Extra pay based on sales revenues.B. A non-discriminatory contract.C. A limit on the maximum work hours.D. More regular employment.69. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A. They are not paid on a regular basis.B. They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.C. They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.D. They are not employed full-time.70. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A. Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.B. Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in fine with the law.C. V oice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.D. V oice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.题组三AThank you for agreeing to be a Test Administrator for PISA. The purpose of this manual is to help you to understand how you will assist with the successful implementation of this large-scale student survey.1.1.What is PISA?PISA stands for the Programme for International Student Assessment, sponsored by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD).PISA 2015 is the sixth PISA study that has been conducted since 2000 and involves more than 70 participating countries.PISA has the following characteristics：●It is the world’s largest international survey in education.●It surveys students aged about 15 years.●It assesses students’ preparedness for adult life.Undertaking PISA is important because the results of the test can be used：●to indicate how well prepared students in a country/economy are for learning once they leave school；●to identify areas for improvement over time by schools,education systems,and governments；●to allow a comparison of student performance and the learning environment between different countries.ponents of PISA 2015●1.2.1.Cognitive test42 students from each school will be randomly sampled to complete a 2-hour computer-based test consisting of questions in science,mathematics,reading,and Collaborative Problem-solving.●1.2.2.QuestionnairesThese students will also be asked to complete a 30-minute Student Questionnaire on the computer either directly after the test sections or at a later time.●1.2.3.Financial Literacy assessmentAfter the cognitive test and questionnaires,a sub-sample of 10－11 students will take a computer-based Financial Literacy(FL)assessment.The 65-minut e Financial Literacy assessment tests students’ knowledge of personal finances and their ability to apply it to their financial problems.56.According to the manual, each participating student of PISA should _______.A. be aged more than 15 years oldB. be of or above the average level in their classesC. spend 215 minutes for the programmeD. carry out all the tasks on the computer57.What can we know about PISA from the passage?A. There will be over seventy countries participating in the seventh PISA in 2018.B. Top PISA scorers are more likely to succeed in their adult life than lower score owners.C. PISA will compare students’ personal performance based on their learning environment.D. The FL assessment is specially intended for students who are suffering financial problems.BScientists have long known that herbivores(食草动物)affect the plant diversity around them. In highly productive ecosystems, like jungles, animals would favor dominant, fast-growing plants. This would free up nutrients and space, allowing for a greater variety of plants to boom. In contrast, herbivores in regions with low plant biomass, like deserts, would eat whatever they could find, only driving down plant diversity.Now, a team of scientists has tested this hypothesis(假说). Burkepile, a biology professor in UC Santa Barbara, and his colleagues reviewed 252 studies comparing plant diversity in areas where herbivores were and were not excluded.Their study revealed that whether herbivores increase or decrease plant diversity de pends on what’s on the menu. In general, the correlation(相关性)between herbivory and diversity wasn’t nearly as clear as everyone had expected. However, the team noticed a much stronger association: when the ecosystem hosted a particularly vigorous species of plant, herbivory seemed to be crucial in maintaining biodiversity.For instance, grasslands in the tallgrass prairie in the American Midwest tend to be dominated(控制)byfast-growing grasses, such as big bluestem. The team discovered that herbivores had an outsized effect on maintaining biodiversity by keeping big bluestem from taking over dozens of smaller, slower growing plant species. However not all herbivores are on an equal foot. The team found that the connection between herbivory and diversity was particularly strong in grasslands where more animals feed on grass than on herbs and bushes. This seems reasonable, since grasses tend to be the dominant species in grasslands, as the name suggests.These findings are more than academic. “We’ve seen three d ecades of really important papers saying that ecosystems work better when you have more species in them,” Burkepile said. “What our data suggests is that herbivores are especially important for maintaining this biodiversity in places where you have a really dominant。
高考英语阅读理解训练(精品)
高考英语阅读理解训练(名师精选试题+解析答案，建议下载练习)AAudrey Hepburn (奥黛丽·赫本) won an Academy Award as Best Actress for her first majorAmerican movie, Roman Holiday, which was released in 1953. But she is remembered as muchfor her aid work as for her acting.Born in Belgium in 1929, Audrey’s father was British and her mother was Dutch. Audrey was sent to live at a British school for part of her childhood. During World War II, she lived andstudied in the Netherlands. Her mother thought it would be safe from Gerrnan attacks. Audreystudied dance as a teenager and during college when she returned to London after the war. But she芭蕾舞女演员). So she began taking acting parts inrealized she wasn’t going to be a ballerina (stage shows. Later she began to get small parts in movies.But it was Audrey Hepburn’s move to America that brought her true fame. In 1951 sheplayed the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play of the same name to great critical praise. Two years later, Roman Holiday made her a star at the age of 24.Audrey made more than 25 movies. Among her most popular roles was Holly Golightly inBreakfast at Tiff any’s in 1961. Three years later she played Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady.She was married two times and had one so n by each husband. In 1989, the UN Children’s Fund named Audrey a goodwill ambassador. She travelled all over the world in support ofUNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) projects. The UN agency said she was a tireless worker. She oftengave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for UNICEF projects.Audrey Hepburn often said her loyalty to UNICEF was the result of her experiences as achild during World War II. She said she knew what it was like to be starving and to be saved byinternational aid. She was a goodwill ambassador until her death in 1993 from colon cancer.39. In Paragraph 1, “her aid work” means _______.A. winning an Academy Award as Best ActressB. taking acting parts in stage showsC. making her own moviesD. acting as a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF40. The reason why Audrey lived and studied in the Netherlands was that _______ .A. she wanted to be a ballerinaB. her parents were from BritainC. it was safe thereD. the education there was excellent41. We can infer from the passage that _______ .A. Audrey’s parents lived in Germany during World War IIB. Audrey lived in America in the 1950sC. Audrey was made to give up dancingD. the character“Gigi”in the Broadway play was her most popular role42. _______ is the right order for Audrey’s life.①The first time she began to play in movies.②She returned to London from the Netherlands.③She won an Academy Award as Best Actress.④She travelled all over the wor1d in support of UNlCEF projects.⑤She played a part in My Fair Lady.A. ②①③⑤④B.①②③⑤④C. ②①⑤③④D. ①②⑤③④【文章综述】文章介绍了著名影星Audrey Hepburn(奥黛丽·赫本)的生平事迹。
2020年高考英语阅读理解专题训练及解析(十四)(10篇)
2020年高考英语阅读理解专题训练及解析（十四）（10篇）（一）One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. We sounded like a forest fire —crackling, snapping, trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it again — the tell-tale call of a spotted deer.I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest. Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches, beneath which the patchwork (交错) of green plants and shadows-within-shadows would make tiger stripes (条纹) look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach, the forest was silent.Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant’s neck; there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear.This was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no tigers in the end.Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts (出没处), a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still, I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a zoo. After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。
高考英语任务型阅读训练经典题目(含答案)100
高考英语任务型阅读训练经典题目(含答案)100一、高中英语任务型阅读1．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格里填上一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Asthma(哮喘) is a long-lasting breathing disease that affects millions of Americans, many of whom are children. People who get asthma will suffer from lack of breath, difficulty in breathing or coughing--which are caused by the tightening of the muscles in airways. Untreated asthma can lead to poor lung function and death, but asthma can also be effectively controlled with proper treatments.Research is discovering genes that contribute to the development of asthma. This development has pointed researchers to the role of indoor and outdoor pollution as environmental factors that contribute to the increased occurrence of asthma.The Indoor PollutionIndoor pollution has increased with the developments in building materials and in heating and air conditioning systems. In addition to poisonous gases that come from paint, other materials like dust and perfumes used in household products such as washing powder are recycled continuously through the house, winter and summer.Unlike the days before central heating or before whole-house air conditioning, these materials and chemicals cannot get out of modern homes. Most often, they cause breathing problems in the members of the family with the least-developed autoimmune(自身免疫的) systems. Proper venting (通风) and use of environmentally-friendly building materials and carpeting can help reduce the presence of these chemicals.The Out door pollutionResearchers have also established outdoor pollution's role as a probable cause of asthma. Asthma has been proven to result from some fuel products. Smog and the small matters carried by it have been recognized as a factor which leads to asthma since the 19th century when London saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.Those most affected by the increase of industrial and environmental pollution are children. Although much has been done to control the levels of pollution in the US, there still remains much to do as it is a worldwide phenomenon. Until an international effort can be made to limit carbon emissions, the occurrence of environmental asthma will probably continue to increase.／results／effects；Factors；caused/ increased；Besides；remain/ stay；increased/ increasing；harmful；prevented/stopped/ kept/ away/ free/ freed【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了哮喘产生的原因，从室内污染和室外污染两个方面来进行阐述。
高考英语完型填空50套真题含解析(精品) (14)
完形填空（A）Most people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are1 .Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to2 it. Creativity isn’t always3 with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time4 think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.Making connections This technique involves taking 5 ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the idea/words 6 with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the 7 to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original 8 ; you could buy him tickets to match or take him out for the night.NO limits! Im agine that normal limitations don’t9 . You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new 10 .If your goal is to learn to ski, 11 , you can now practise skiing every day of your life （because you have the time and the money）. Now 12 this to reality. Maybe you can practise skiing ever day in December, or every Monday in January.Be someone else! Look at the situation from a 13 point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writes. Fiction writers often imagine they are the 14 in their books. They ask question: What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their 15 . The best fishermen think like fish!( ) 1. A. wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic【答案】A。
2021高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题(14)
2021高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题（14）【2020高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学二模试题】In my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom (开花) where you are planted.”It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom (愁闷) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunch). In case you don’t know, poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph. D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbolof appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.31. “Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to __________.A. a program directed by DorothyB. a course given by the authorC. an activity held by the studentsD. an organization sponsored by Union college32. In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing __________.A. the long trackB. the same trainC. the poor housesD. the winding road33. Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by __________.A. a warm welcomeB. the sight of poke greensC. Dorothy’s latest projectsD. a big dinner made for her34. What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?A. She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.B. She got a pen as a gift from the author.C. She passed the required assessment.D. She received her Ph. D. degree.35. What does the author mainly intend to tell us?A. Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.B. Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.C. However poor you are, you have the right to education,D. Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.【参考答案】31-35. BCACD阅读明白得课堂练学案（24）Passage Twenty-six (Sensory Evaluation of Food)A Polish proverb claims that fish, to taste right, should three times—in water, in butter and in wine. The early efforts of the basic scientists in the food industry were directed at improving the preparation, preservation, and distribution of safe and nutritious food. Our memories of certain foodstuffs eaten during the World War II suggest that, although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell. This neglect of the sensory appeal of foods is happily becoming a thing of the past. Bow, in the book “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food,” the authors hope that it will be useful to food technologists in industry and also to others engaged in research into problem of sensory evaluation of foods. An attempt has clearly been make to collect every possible piece of information, which might be useful, more than one thousand five hundred references being quoted. As a result, the book seems at first sight to be an exhaustive and critically useful review of the literature. This it certainly is, but this is by no means is its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings.Of particular interest is the weight given to the psychological aspects of perception, both objectively and subjectively. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differences. It is interesting to find that in spite of many attempts to separate and define the modalities of taste, nothing better has been achieved than the familiar classification into sweet, sour salty and bitter. Nor is there as yet any clear-cut evidence of the physiological nature of the taste stimulus. With regard to smell, systems of classification are of little value because of the extraordinary sensitivity of the nose and because the response to the stimulus is so subjective. The authors suggest that a classification based on the size, shape and electronic status of the molecule involved merits further investigation, as does the theoretical proposition that weak physical binding of the stimulant molecule to he receptor site is a necessary part of the mechanism of stimulation.Apart from taste and smell, there are many other components of perception of the sensations from food in the mouth. The basic modalities of pain, cold, warmth and touch, together with vibration sense, discrimination and localization may all play a part, as, of course, does auditory reception of bone-conducted vibratory stimuli from the teeth when eating crisp or crunchy foods. In this connection the authors rightly point out that this type of stimulus requires much more investigation, suggesting that a start might be made by using subjects afflicted with various forms of deafness. It is well-known that extraneous noise may alter discrimination, and the attention of the authors is directed to the work of Prof. H. J. Eysenck on the “stimulus hunger” of extroverts and the “stimulus avoidance” of introverts.1. The reviewer uses a Polish proverb at the beginning of the article in order to[A]. introduce, in an interesting manner, the discussion of food.. show the connection between food and nationality of food.[C]. indicate that there are various ways to prepare food.[D]. impress upon the reader the food value of fish.2. The reviewers appraisal of “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food” is one of[A]. mixed feelings. . indifference[C]. high praise. [D]. faint praise.3. The writer of the article does not express the view, either directly or by implication, that[A]. sharply defined classifications of taste are needed.. more research should be done regarding the molecular constituency of food.[C]. food values are objectively determined by an expert “smeller”.[D]. temperature is an important factor in the value of food.4. The authors of the book suggest the use of deaf subject because[A]. deaf people are generally introversive.. the auditory sense is an important factor in food evaluation.[C]. they are more fastidious in their choice of foods.[D]. All types of subjects should be used.Vocabulary1. preservation 保鲜，储存2. sensory appeal 感官的魅力3. be provocative of 脱颖而出4. exhaustive 详尽的，无遗漏的5. discursive 推论的6. be provocative of 引起……争辩/爱好等的7. crisp 有力的，有劲的8. perception 感受，知觉，直觉9. modality 方式modality of taste （味）感受到10. discrimination 鉴别力11. localization 地区性，定位12. merit 值得……，有……价值13. crunchy 嘎吱作响的14. extraneous 外部的15. extrovert 外向性格的人16. introvert 内项性格的人难句译注1. although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell. [结构简析] in appearance or smell 应译成：色或香。
超实用高考英语复习：专题14 高级句式升级：无灵主语 (解析版)
专题14 高级句式升级--无灵主语距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
无灵主语即将没有生命力的东西做主语。
比如时间，地点，自然现象等。
常搭配有灵动词使用，即把没有生命力的东西，赋予有生命力的动作。
从而增加主语的多样性，使语言更生动化。
本专题包括：（一）表示情感状态的抽象名词作主语（二）表示身体部位和音容等名词作主语（三）表示时间和地点的名词作主语（四）表示行为和动作的名词作主语（五）读后续写练习（一）表示情感状态的抽象名词作主语功能：常见情感状语的抽象名词有：joy（高兴）、excitement（兴奋）、fear（恐惧）、anger （愤怒）、sorrow（悲伤）对应的动词可用：seize(侵袭，突然控制）, well up（涌出），choke (使哽咽)，flood (涌入），creep over（不知不觉地产生）, grip(紧抓），give way to (被…代替）e.g.:1>Panic seized her.2> Joy wells up inside Kim.3>Despair choked her words.句子练习：1.当主持人宣布她获奖时，她兴奋极了。
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高考英语阅读理解专题训练精品题（14）Passage Four (Examinations Exert a Pernicious Influence on Education)We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that d on’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trainedin the technique of working under duress.The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely b e many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: ‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.’1.The main idea of this passage is[A] examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.examinations are ineffective.[C] examinations are profitable for institutions.[D] examinations are a burden on students.2.The author’s attitude toward examinations is[A]detest.approval.[C] critical.[D] indifferent.3.The fate of students is decided by[A] education.institutions.[C] examinations.[D] students themselves.4.According to the author, the most important of a good education is[A] to encourage students to read widely.to train students to think on their own.[C] to teach students how to tackle exams.[D] to master his fate.5.Why does the author mention court?[A] Give an example.For comparison.[C] It shows that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results of examinations.[D] It shows the results of court is more effectise.Vocabulary1.pernicious 有害的，恶性的，破坏性的2.knack 窍门，诀窍3.embark 乘船，登记4.write off 勾销，注销。
确认某食物已损失或无效5.syllabus 教学大纲6.cram 塞入，把某物塞进，突击式学习（尤指应考），以注入方式教人7.duress 威胁，逼迫8.stack 堆，垛9.scrawl 写/画（的内容不工整，不仔细）潦草的笔迹，七扭八歪的字10.script 讲稿，剧本，脚本，笔试答卷11.cynical 愤世嫉俗的，自私得为人不齿的12.boil down 熬浓，浓缩，归纳难句译注1. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.【参考译文】尽管所有那些虔诚的说法说考试能测定你所知道的东西，但其结果常常是适得其反，这是众所周之的常识。