低温液体贮槽(说明书)
低温液体贮槽操作规程
低温液体贮槽安全操作规程（适用于氧、氮、氩贮槽）1.在充入低温液体前，必须认真检查阀门是否处于正确的启闭状态，仪表指示是否准确，否则应予以调整。
2.充液时，须对充液管进行吹除（每次充液前都有应进行），在进液阀未开启前，由液源（槽车）排出阀向输液软管内放入少量液体，同时打开管道残液排放阀，对其管路进行吹除，以吹除管道中潮湿空气和机械杂质。
然后关闭管道残液排放阀，打开内筒放空阀和测满阀、压力表阀和液面计阀以及下部进液阀，由下部进液。
3.当测满阀喷出液体时，应立即关闭下部进液阀和槽车液体排放阀，停上充液，同时打开管道残液排放阀，排除充液管路中的残余气液。
4.当排液需要需使用增压器增压时，先关闭内筒放空阀，打开气体通过阀（此阀要常开）。
然后缓慢打开增压阀，使液体进入汽化器增压。
5.增压完毕后，应及时关闭增压阀。
6.使用时，打开液体排放阀，让液体进入低温液体泵充装或外接汽化器经自然汽化后即可使用（阀门开度大小视使用情况而定）。
7.检查及故障处理7.1日常检查7.1.1检查各阀门是否处于正确的启闭位置。
7.1.2压力表、液面计的测量是否准确可靠。
7.1.3设备管道阀门有无渗漏、堵塞现象。
7.1.4当压力达到安全阀起跳压力时，安全阀是否动作，若不动作时，应立即校验以确保贮槽的安全。
7.2定期检查7.2.1贮槽上的压力表每半年校验一次。
7.2.2贮槽上的安全阀每年校验一次。
7.2.3每半年测量一次真空度。
7.3故障处理贮槽在使用过程上常见故障现象、发生原因及处理方法见下表。
故障处理方法8.操作维护中的安全要求及注意事项8.1在夹层真空度没有被破坏时或不需要补充珠光砂重抽真空时，不得拆弄贮槽外筒防爆装置和抽真空阀。
8.3当贮槽内压力大于0.6MPa时，应打开内筒放空阀泄压。
8.4阀门的启闭应缓慢进行，防止太猛太快，以免出现火花。
8.5检修新换的管路、阀门必须经彻底去除油污后才能装入。
8.6设备需要检修、焊接前，必须首先排尽槽中液体，用无油干燥的热空气或氮气加温吹除至常温，且内筒氧含量为21%左右时方可焊补。
低温液体贮槽操作规程
低温液体贮槽操作规程
一、贮槽输送操作
1、低温泵供液：确认液位计上下阀已打开，其余阀门均处于关闭位置，依次打
开V-6(回气阀），V-5（增开阀）.按泵操作规程，打开泵进液阀和泵回气阀，启动泵。
经汽化器向外输送高压气体或充装气瓶。
2、供液操作：用管道将V-4（小容器充液阀）与与小容器相连通，打开小容器放空阀，缓慢打开V-4，小容器充满后，立即关闭V-4，等连接管道温度回升后，拆除连接管。
二、液体贮存
1、压力表、液面计、安全阀投人工作，其余所有阀门关闭，当压力达到最高工作压力时，打开放空阀降压。
2、若是液氧，长期贮存应注意分析液氧中的乙炔含量不得大于0.5×10-6，若超过时应排放液氧或补充部分乙炔含量较低的新鲜液氧。
3、贮槽的液体不宜全部排空，以防容器介质成份破坏。
4、为了防止安全阀频繁跳开，贮槽工作压力应控制在低于安全阀跳开压力低
0.05～0.6MPa范围内。
三、贮槽的维护及注意事项：
1、压力表，安全阀至少每年校验一次；带有压力调节阀的贮槽，调节阀每年校准一次；每年检测真空度一次；贮槽按有关规定作定期检验。
2、当贮槽阀门、管道冻结时，应用热空气、热水解冻，严禁用明火或电加热炉解冻；当贮槽出现结箱或蒸发率增加时，可能是真空度下降，应请专业人员检修，重新抽真空处理。
3、操作过程应密切注意防止超压事故的发生。
4、低温液体与皮肤接触会使皮肤冻坏，操作应正确穿戴劳动保护用品，防止冻伤。
液氧贮槽的所有零件、工具等凡与氧气接触的都要严格脱脂后才能使用。
5、阀门的开启，关闭要缓慢，并一次性开足或关严。
在不增压的状态下，增压阀一定要关严。
低温液体贮槽使用说明
C407C2.000
共 14 页
第7页
b) 由液体进出口阀 V3、V10 排液 此种排液是利用输液软管向槽车或其它较大贮槽供液，其操作程
序基本同于充灌液体，只是 V3 阀由进液变为排液。一般 V9 为常 开，只有当检修 V3 时，V10 才关闭。V3、V10 之间设有管道安全
阀 S5。
c) 通过备用接口 V7 排液。此排液口除用于接泵之外，也可以作为 其他形式的取液口。
4.2.3 三通阀 V5 的功用——内筒安全装置的维护
此贮槽采用两组安全装置，每组由一个安全阀、组成。在正常情况 下，三通阀 V5 处于两组都通的位置。只有在检查一安全阀时，V5 阀才调至只与另一组安全装置相通。
4.2.4 检查及故障处理
4.2.4.1 正常检查
a) 阀门是否处于正确的启闭位置； b) 压力表，液面计的测量是否准确可靠； c) 设备管道、阀门有无渗漏、堵塞现象； d) 当容器压力达到安全阀的起跳压力，而安全阀不动作时，应立即
CFL-10/1.6 型低温液体贮槽
使用说明书
C407C2.000 S
四川空分设备（集团）有限责任公司 2007 年 10 月
四川空分设备(集团) 有限责任公司
使用说明书
CFL-10/1.6 型 低温液体贮槽
C407C2.000
代替 共 14 页
第1页
目录
1 前言 1.1 概述 1.2 流程特点说明
1.6
10 10.527 7486
21584
-196/50
95
1.0/0.85
0/1.0
0Cr18Ni9/Q235-B
三类 LO2,LN2,LAr
600
安全阀开启压力 MPa
低温液体贮槽使用说明书英文版
Cryogenic Liquid Storage Tank Operation and Maintenance ManualContentsI.Structure DescriptionII.Operation and Maintenance1.Operation2.MaintenanceIII.Transportation and Installation1.Transportation2.InstallationIV.Safety Requirements and Precautions1.Safety Requirements2.PrecautionsI.Structure Description1.Main StructureThe tank is of double-wall structure. Its inner vessel and pipings are made of austenitic stainless steel and its outer vessel is made of carbon steel Q235-B.The jacket between the two vessels is filled with perlite and evacuated. A specially treated adsorbent is placed in the jacket to prolong the vacuum life of the tank.The tank is equipped with necessary valves around its bottom for operating it.The tank is equipped with a pressure gauge and a liquid level gauge.2.Peculiarities(1)Compact structure and less occupied space;(2)The tank and its booster form into a closed system and thus the liquid orgas may be delivered out without adding any external power so that thepurity of the liquid or gas can be ensured.(3)The tank is equipped with the pressure adjusting device and the user candeliver the cryogenic liquid with a required pressure according to hisrequest;(4)The tank is equipped with the liquid filling connector for filling the liquidto the cryogenic liquid vaporizers and tankers;(5)The perlite (thermal insulation material) and adsorbent in the jacket havebeen specially treated so as to prolong the vacuum life. Moreover, thetank is equipped with a metallic thermocouple gauge tube for measuring the vacuum in the jacket when necessary.II.Operation and Maintenance1.Operation(1) PreparationBefore being put into use, the tank must be subjected to a gas-tight test, a purging and a check of valves and instruments.①Gas-tight TestThe tank must be subjected to a gas-tight test before the cryogenicliquid is filled after the tank is installed or the temperature of the innervessel returns to the normal temperature. The test pressure should bethe MAWP (maximum allowable working pressure) of the tank andthe testing gas should be oil-free and dry air or dry nitrogen. Thetesting time must be four hours or more.②PurgingAfter the gas-tight test is accepted, the inner vessel system of the tankmust be purged with oil-free and dry air or nitrogen to remove anymoisture. After purging with the dry air or nitrogen, the wholesystem must be further purged with the product gas until thedischarged purging gas reaches the required purity.③Checking for Valves and InstrumentsMake sure that all the valves are in correct opening or closing state and that all the instruments are in correct indication, otherwise they must be adjusted properly before the cryogenic liquid is filled.(2) Liquid FillingThe liquid filling is divided into first filling and make-up filling.①First Filling (i.e. the filling when the inner vessel is at the normaltemperature)The filling steps are as per follows:a)Connect the liquid filling pipeline.b)Purge the liquid filling pipeline (this step must be done beforeeach filling). Before the liquid inlet valve is opened, theliquid transferring pipe must be filled with a small quantity ofliquid via the liquid discharging valve and at the same time theresidual liquid draining valve must be opened to purge thepipeline for eliminating the moist air and mechanicalimpurities from it.c) Open the vent valve, the fullness measuring valve andpressure gauge valve and start the liquid level gauge.d) Open the upper filling valve to fill the liquid from the top.Because the inner vessel is now at the normal temperature,the valve must be slightly opened in order to cool thepipeline and inner vessel gradually to the temperature of thefilled liquid. When the vapor is stably discharged from thevent valve, the filling valve may be further opened toincrease the speed of filling.e)When the liquid level gauge begins indicating a liquid level,open the lower filling valve and close the upper filling valve to change the filling from the top to the bottom.f)When some liquid is sprayed from the fullness measuringvalve which is already opened, it means that the tank has beenfully filled with liquid and then the lower filling valve shouldbe immediately closed to stop the filling. At the same time theresidual liquid draining valve should be opened to drain off any residual liquid from the liquid filling pipeline.g) Disconnect the liquid filling pipeline upon completion of theliquid filling.②Make-up Filling (i.e. the filling when the inner vessel is at thetemperature of the cryogenic liquid)The steps for the make-up filling are almost the same as those for the First Filling. The only difference is that some cryogenic liquid already exists in the inner vessel and that it is unnecessary to cool the inner vessel. Therefore the liquid may be filled directly from the lower filling valve after the pipeline is purged. In addition, from the viewpoint of pressure, the liquid filling maybe divided into the filling without pressure and the filling withpressure:●Filling without Pressure-------During the filling, the vent valveis always opened to communicate the inner vessel with theatmosphere. Therefore it is also called the filling under thenormal pressure.●Filling with Pressure------ During the filling, the vent valve isclosed and the pressure in the tank is higher than the atmospherepressure. Therefore it is also called the filling underpressurization. However, the pressure in the inner vesselshould not be higher than the design pressure of the tank duringthis filling.The first filling must adopt the filling without pressure, while themake-up filling may adopt the filling with pressure.For the relation between the liquid volume and the liquid level, see the curve diagram plate mounted on the tank.(3) Boosting(Pressurizing)①Close the vent valve.②Make sure that the gas passing-through valve is already fullyopened.③Slowly open the boosting valve to let the liquid enter the boosterfor vaporizing.④The boosting valve may be further opened if the speed of liquiddischarging is too high and the pressure in the inner vessel decreases.⑤The boosting valve should be closed when it is unnecessary tostabilize the pressure in the tank or the liquid supply is stopped.During the boosting, the pressure in the tank will be automatically kept stable because of the equipped pressure-rising adjusting valve.When the first boosting is performed (or when it is necessary to change the working pressure of the tank), the opening and closing pressure of the adjusting valve should be adjusted to the required value. The closing pressure of the adjusting valve should be equal to the required working pressure.(4) Liquid DischargeThere are two types of liquid discharge:①Discharge of Liquid to VaporizerWhen the pressure in the tank reaches the required value, theliquid discharge valve may be opened to discharge the liquid tothe vaporizer.②Discharge of Liquid from Liquid Inlet/Outlet ValveThe liquid is discharged to a tanker or other bigger tank via theliquid filling hose. Its operating steps are basically the same asthose for the liquid filling, but the lower liquid inlet valve isused for discharging the liquid instead of filling the liquid. (5) Liquid StorageDuring the storage, the vent valve is closed. Because the gasnaturally evaporated remains in the tank, the pressure in the inner vessel is gradually increased. The liquid level gauge and pressure gauge should be now put into operation. When the pressure in the tank reaches the working pressure, the vent valve must be opened immediately to release the pressure.When liquid oxygen is stored in the tank for a long time (no matter what type of storage is used), the content of hydrocarbons in theliquid oxygen must be checked periodically so as to avoid anyaccident, the main purpose of which is to check the concentration of the acetylene. The concentration of acetylene must be less than0.5 ppm, otherwise the liquid in the tank must be thoroughlydischarged or some liquid oxygen must be made up to let theacetylene content be less than 0.5 ppm.Note: The gas passing-through valve must be always fully opened to ensure the safety valve work in normal condition. Only whenthe three-way valve needs to be repaired, the gaspassing-through valve is closed and the vent valve should beproperly opened to avoid exceeding of the maximum allowableworking pressure in the inner vessel.2. Maintenance(1) Insulation Performance ProtectionFor the cryogenic liquid storing and transporting equipment, the mostimportant requirement is that they should have good insulationperformance and a low boil-off of the cryogenic liquid. Vacuum is thekey point of the insulation performance. The thermal conductivity ofthe perlite at normal temperature and pressure is 0.045 kcal/m.h.Kwhile that at the vacuum of 66.66 ~ 1.33 Pa is 0.00225 kcal/m.h.K. Sowe can see that under the same other conditions the heat transferdifference is 20 times depending on the jacket vacuum (transferred heat: Q = KF△t1-1).Whenever the vacuum is deteriorated, it is impossible to store the cryogenic liquid in the tank, so a lot of attentions should be paid to the vacuum of the tank. The outer vessel anti-explosion device and theevacuating valve are directly communicated with the vacuum jacket. It is not allowed to dismantle them if the vacuum is not deteriorated or it is unnecessary to make up the perlite and to re-evacuate the jacket. The evacuating valve is lead-sealed and it is prohibited to remove the valve at random.The outer vessel is an external pressure vessel and subjected to the atmospheric pressure and thus no striking or bumping is allowed to avoid any damage to the outer vessel. It is not allowed to place the tank in thearea where the temperature is higher than 50ºC, otherwise the vacuum will be affected and the insulation performance will be lowered.(2) Vacuum Examination and Re-evacuationVacuum of the tank shall be checked every half a year in general. When measuring the vacuum, remove the cover of the metallic thermocouple tube and insert the plug of the thermocouple vacuum gauge, thus the vacuum level in the jacket can be measured. For details, refer to the operation manual of the thermocouple vacuum gauge.After several years' operation, the vacuum may drop to the value lower than 67 Pa and it is necessary to re-evacuate the jacket to improve the insulation performance. Before re-evacuation, the liquid in the tank must be discharged entirely and then the tank must be warmed and purged with dry and oil-free air or the gaseous nitrogen at 80~100ºC until it recovers to the normal temperature. Upon completion of connecting the evacuating piping, the pump must be firstly started for pumping out the moisture in the air of the vacuum pipe and then the vacuum valve may be opened for re-evacuating.For the details of evacuation, if necessary, the user can contact with the tank manufacturer. Both parties can decide through discussion the specific procedure of evacuation.(3) Checking and Troubleshooting①Normal Checkinga)Make sure that the valves are in proper opening/closing position;b)Make sure that the pressure gauges and liquid level gauge is correctand reliable;c)Make sure that there is no leakage or blockage in the pipeline andvalves;d)When the pressure in the tank gets to the opening pressure of thesafety valve but the valve does not work, the opening pressure ofthe valve must be calibrated immediately to insure the safety of thetank.②Periodical Checkinga) The pressure gauges shall be calibrated once half a year;b) The safety valve shall be calibrated once a year;c) The opening/closing pressure of the pressure adjusting valves shall becalibrated once a year;d) The vacuum in the jacket shall be measured every half a year;③Trouble-shootingFor the details of troubles that may possibly occur during operation and their cause and remedy, see Table 1.Table 1. TroubleshootingIII. Transportation and Installation3.Transportation(1) After the tank arrives at the railway station or special railroad, theoperating personnel who unload the equipment from the train wagonshall prepare the unloading procedure beforehand together with theequipment manager.(2)Rolling of the tank is not allowed at any time. The saddle fortransportation may be removed only after the tank is positioned forinstallation.(3)If transported by road, the tank must be tightly fixed with the truckand the truck must be driven at a medium speed. No crashingor bumping between the tank and any other object is allowed.2. Installation(1)After the tank is transported to the job site, the package for it may beopened only after the requirements for the installation are satisfied.During installation, any striking is prohibited and special care must be taken to protect the explosion-proof device of outer vessel and the vacuum valve.(2)The deviation of verticality of the tank to the ground must be no morethan 1/1000.(3)The inner vessel system of the tank shall be charged with dry nitrogento the working pressure to perform a gas-tight test. There must be no any leakage in the valves, piping and flanges. Now the installation is completed.(4)For the installation dimensions, see the General Drawing (As-builtDrawing). If a tanker is used for filling and unfilling the liquid, the road for the tanker should be taken into consideration.(5)When the foundation is preparing for the tank, the drainage ditchesshall be made around the tank, booster and vaporizer for draining the frost and water.(6)The load-bearing capacity of the foundation shall be decided by thecivil engineer in the light of the full weight of the tank (i.e. the weightof tank fully filled with the cryogenic liquid). The foundationdimensions shall be decided by the user according to the load-bearingcapacity of the foundation and the actual geological condition of thejobsite.3. Stopping use and Re-use(1)If the tank is going to stop working for a short time, the cryogenic liquidshould not be entirely discharged in order to avoid the trouble of treating when it is re-used.(2)If the tank is going to stop working for a long time for the reason otherthan maintenance, a pressure of about 0.02 MPa must be kept in the inner vessel with the product gas.(3)If the cryogenic liquid has been entirely discharged from the tank forconducting the reparation or maintenance, the tank must be subjected to a gas-tight test (and to a vacuum leakage detection if possible). Then the tank must be purged and accepted by the inspection before it is re-filled with high-purity cryogenic liquid.IV. Safety Requirements and Precautions1. Safety RequirementsThe safe operation of the cryogenic tank should be considered according to the gas properties, cryogenic temperature and pressure vessel.(1) Properties of Gases and Their Cryogenic LiquidsSome properties of oxygen, nitrogen and argon are listed in Table 2.When operating the tank, the operator must be thoroughly familiar with the properties of these gases in order to take proper safety measures for the different cryogenic liquids.Table 2: Some Properties of Oxygen, Nitrogen and ArgonAll the O2, N2 and Ar are colorless, tasteless and non-poisonous gases.O2is a strong oxidant and combustion-supporting matter. The oxygen-enriched air (O2content >21%) will cause fire and explosion.N2 and Ar may cause suffocation and anesthesia to human beings.(2) Requirement of installation site for cryogenic liquid tanks①Good ventilation is needed. The tanks with a capacity more than 500L should be installed outdoors.②There must be no any opening to any lower places (e.g. basement,cellar, underground well, ditch, etc.) within 5 meters around the tank.Otherwise there should be a liquid-blocking weir around the opening.③The tank must be located more than 7.5 m away from thedensely-populated area (e.g. offices, public roads and public places).④The LO2 equipment must be located no less than 30 m away fromthe inflammable buildings and no less than 15 m away from the fireproof buildings. Moreover there must be no any door of the buildings towards the equipment.⑤No smoking or fire source may exist at least within 5 m around theLO2 equipment (including the storage tank, vaporizer and pressure reducing device, etc.) and no electrostatic spark in the operation area is allowed.⑥The tank should not be located in a low-lying land or basement.Otherwise the good ventilation must be provided so excellently that the liquid and gas must be able to be discharged away absolutely safely when any fault happens.⑦The gas vented and the liquid discharged when a fault occurs mustbe sent to the specifically safe area. The indoor-installed safety valves and vent valves must discharge the gas or liquid to the outdoor safe area.(3) Relation between Tank Capacity and Liquid TemperatureThe density of the cryogenic liquid will be decreased with the risingof its pressure, so the capacity (weight) of the tank will be reduced with the rising of its saturation temperature. During the liquid filling and storage with pressure, it is not allowed to exceed the permitted capacity (volume) at its corresponding saturation temperature (i.e.under any cases it is not allowed to exceed the volumetric liquid filling rate of 95 %).(4) Safety Requirements during Operation and Maintenance①The opening and closing of the valves must be conducted slowly toavoid the occurrence of sparks.②The liquid storage with pressure should be performed on the basisof being familiar with the relation between the pressure rising andtime changing. And the safety devices must be stable and reliable.③The valves and pipes newly repaired or replaced must be degreasedcompletely before they are reassembled or installed.④Before conducting of any repairing or welding, all the liquid mustbe thoroughly discharged from the tank and the tank must be warmed and purged with oil-free and dry air. The welding for the equipment may be conducted only after the O2content in the atmosphere in the tank is 21% approximately.⑤Before any personnel enter the room enriched with O2, N2 or Ar,the room must be completely ventilated and purged.⑥The skin of any operator must not be contacted with the cryogenicliquid. When operating, he (she) must put on the appropriateprotection wears.(5) For the other safety requirements for operating the cryogenic liquidtanks, refer to the standard JB6898 “Safety Rules for Operation ofCryogenic Liquid Storing and Transporting Equipment” and theother related regulations.2. Precautions(1) Whenever the boosting is not needed during the period of the liquidstorage, the boosting valve should be closed tightly to avoid a higherevaporation loss of the cryogenic liquid because of the possibleinternal leakage of the boosting valve.(2) The cryogenic liquid should not be entirely discharged from the tank ingeneral during operation in order to prevent the temperature inside the tank rising to the normal temperature and to avoid too much liquid loss during the refilling. If the storage tank is to be put out of service for a long time, all the liquid should be discharged from the tank and all the valves must be closed to keep the pressure inside the tank at approximately 0.02MPa to prevent any damp air or dust from entering the tank and to avoid blocking the pipes & valves or affecting the gas purity.(3) In case of changing the cryogenic liquid stored in the tank, the tankmust be purged first with oil-free and dry air or nitrogen to remove theoriginal residual liquid in the tank thoroughly and then displaced with the new product gas which is to be stored in the tank.(4) The inner vessel has been already filled with dry nitrogen at 0.02 MPafor protection. It is not allowed to discharge the nitrogen gas out of the vessel before it is put into use.(5) The operation and maintenance of the level gauge and other matchedinstruments should be conducted as per their own operation manuals.。
低温液体储槽C2000
大型常压低温液体贮槽操作维护说明书
然蒸发而使压力不断升高，达到约 0.16 kg/cm2g(16KPa)时，调 节阀V1831 开启卸压；当贮槽压力达到 0.18kg/cm2g (18KPa)时， 呼吸阀V1834、V1835 自动开启卸压；当意外升压至 0.21g/cm2g (21KPa)时，爆破片爆破，以有效地保护内筒。
(十七). 贮槽安全规则： 1. 不准让油脂类物品与氧气发生接触，否则将引起火灾和爆炸。不
要润滑氧气阀门。 2. 不准让易燃物品与氧气接触，易燃物品饱吸氧气后极易引起燃烧。 3. 暴露与氧气、氮气或者氩气富集危险区的房间应保持经常通风。 4. 在液氧贮槽的附近严禁抽烟和携带明火。 5. 不能让低温液体与皮肤接触，否则会引起严重冻伤。 6. 贮槽的周围及地面，不得存放易燃物质。
大型常压低温液体贮槽操作维护说明书
余量及产品的纯度。 3. 故障处理
使用中可能存在的故障及处理方法见下表：
故障
Hale Waihona Puke 可能原因处理方法内筒压力 异常升高
1.压力表指示失真 2.管道及连接件严重堵塞 3.增压调节阀 V1819 开启 4.调节阀 V1831 起跳失灵 5.呼吸阀起跳失灵 6.夹层珠光砂下沉 7.夹层气封气压力丧失
不受搅动，如果贮存物是液氧，则不得使乙炔含量超过 0.5PPM， (通常用抽吸法使液体得到充分的循环)以确保安全。 (十一). 贮槽停止使用三个月以上时，应关闭所有阀门，内筒充 500Pa 干燥无油空气正压封存。 (十二). 设备安放环境要求通风、防尘、防火和干燥。 (十三). 操作人员必须掌握防爆安全技术和消防安全规定的相应知识。 (十四). 值班人员应严密监视贮槽工作情况，严禁超压。 (十五). 因贮存液为低温液体, 所以放空阀 V1836 及内筒降压压力调节 阀 V1831 出口管应引到安全排放处 (十六). 检查及故障处理
低温液体贮槽安全使用模版
低温液体贮槽安全使用模版一、引言低温液体贮槽是一种用于储存低温液体的设备，主要应用于化工、制冷、医药等行业。
在使用低温液体贮槽时，安全是至关重要的。
本文将介绍一套低温液体贮槽安全使用的模版，以帮助使用者正确操作和维护低温液体贮槽，保障使用的安全。
二、低温液体贮槽准备工作1. 确保贮槽周围环境清洁整齐，无杂物阻碍安全操作。
2. 检查贮槽的密封性能，确保没有泄漏。
3. 检查液位计和温度计的工作状态，确保准确读取液位和温度。
4. 检查贮槽的安全阀和压力表，确保正常工作。
三、低温液体贮槽操作流程1. 打开主控开关，启动贮槽冷却系统。
2. 缓慢打开液态低温液体供料阀门，控制流量，避免液体喷洒和挤压注入。
3. 监控液位计，确保液位适中，不超过贮槽容量的最大限制。
4. 定期检查贮槽的温度计读数，确保贮槽内温度在安全范围内，避免低温液体过热或过冷。
5. 定期检查贮槽的安全阀和压力表，确保压力在正常范围内，防止贮槽爆炸。
四、低温液体贮槽维护保养1. 定期检查贮槽的密封情况，如发现泄漏要及时修复，避免低温液体外泄和环境污染。
2. 定期清洁贮槽，防止杂质积聚影响贮槽的工作效率。
3. 定期检查贮槽的冷却系统，确保冷却效果良好，防止过热引起事故。
4. 定期检查液位计和温度计的准确性，如有异常要及时维修或更换。
5. 定期保养贮槽的安全阀和压力表，确保正常工作。
五、低温液体贮槽安全事故应急措施1. 如发现贮槽泄漏，立即切断液体供应，并启动事故应急预案，进行泄漏源控制和防护措施。
2. 如发生贮槽爆炸，立即疏散周边人员，并进行灭火和救援工作。
3. 如液位计和温度计故障，应立即停止使用贮槽，进行检修或更换。
六、低温液体贮槽的废弃处理1. 根据相关法律法规，将废弃的低温液体贮槽交与专业处理机构进行处理。
2. 在废弃低温液体贮槽前，必须进行彻底清洁，避免残留液体的安全隐患。
七、结语低温液体贮槽是一项重要的设备，必须正确使用和维护，以确保使用的安全。
低温液体贮槽使用说明书
真空粉末绝热低温液体贮槽使用操作规程有机硅项目组空压制氮单元目录一.概述二.操作三.维护四.运输与安装1.运输2.安装五.安全要求及注意事项1.安全要求2.注意事项一、概述我们所采用贮存液氮的低温液体容器，是真空粉末绝热低温液体贮槽。
贮槽结构型式为立式。
借助增压器升压，利用贮槽与用气（液）间的压差将低温液体排出并通过气化器进行气化供各使用单位使用。
贮槽在出厂前已进行脱脂处理，所有阀门、仪表、管件均按适用于氧气要求处理。
1.主要结构本设备是立式固定式真空粉末绝热贮槽，主要由以下三部分组成。
（1）筒体贮槽为双层圆筒形结构，内筒及其配管均用奥氏体不锈钢制造，外筒用优质碳素钢制造，夹层充满绝热珠光砂，并抽真空，同时设置了经过特殊处理的吸附剂，以延长贮槽的真空寿命。
（2）安全装置及控制系统贮槽内外筒均设有安全装置，内筒有2组安全阀V7和内筒防爆装置（膜—1）；外筒有防爆装置（膜—2）。
内筒安全装置主要由两套安全阀、爆破片组成，一用一备。
防止内筒压力因真空失效、增压过快引起内筒升压超过使用限度造成强度破坏、泄漏。
用户在使用以前应按《压力容器安全监察规程》要求进行校验方可使用。
外筒防爆装置防止因意外事故造成真空失效、内筒泄漏造成夹层内部压力上升。
贮槽设置有压力指示、液位指示仪表（液位指示参照附录压差－容积对照表）。
用于指导用户控制设备内介质情况，同时设有测满阀、外筒真空阀及真空检测规管。
贮槽主安全阀V7三通球阀手柄内筒防爆膜(膜1）图1 组合安全阀工作示意图（右侧工作）（3）操作系统：贮槽设置有供操作的各种阀门，其阀门布置于贮槽底部周围。
(1)充装口充装口设置有液体进出口阀及快速接头，便于向贮槽内进液、卸液。
(2)增压器及压力调节装置：贮槽的增压器布置在贮槽外下部。
压力调节装置由一只增压阀V9和一只减压阀V10、安全阀V8、增压器、进液阀V15、回气阀V18组成。
（热虹吸式贮槽无增压阀V9、减压阀V10）(3)排液阀(4)回气阀存在于灌充型（热虹吸式）贮槽。
50立方液体贮槽操作规程
6500Nm3/h空分50 m3 低温液体贮槽操作规程前言本规程主要是根据厂家提供的随机资料编写的，适用于6500空分50m3低温液体贮槽的操作和维护。
本规程的不足之处有待于在以后的试车及运行中不断地修正和完善，望各级领导及使用者提出宝贵意见。
本标准由气体分厂负责起草本标准主要起草人：左维强本标准本次发布日期：2009年9月2. CFL-50/0.8型低温液体贮槽操作规程2.1技术数据最大允许工作压力：内筒：0.8MPa（表压）外壳：-0.1MPa（表压）设计温度：内筒：-196℃外筒：+50℃公称容积： 50M3贮存介质：液氧充装系数：蒸发率：绝热层真空度：焊缝系数：（内筒）腐蚀裕度： m（外壳）安全阀起跳压力：外形尺寸：型式：立式、固定式本贮槽为三类压力容器，设计寿命年。
2.2贮槽的操作2.2.1操作前的准备2.2.1.1操作者应充分了解本设备的工艺流程，使用维护方法及有关低温液体基本知识。
2.2.1.2检查仪表是否灵敏，各种阀门是否处在正确位置，管道是否通畅。
2.2.1.3贮槽首次充液（包括检修后首次充液）之前，应对内筒及连接管道系统充干燥氮气，以工作压力气密性试验不漏。
2.2.1.4用温度为80℃-120℃的干燥无油氮气或空气对内筒进行加热吹除，待出液温度达>0℃时，加热吹除结束，关闭有关阀门。
2.2.2液化气体的灌充本贮槽的液氧主要由6500空分分馏塔排放到15 M3贮槽后通过充装软管灌充。
2.2.2.1灌充贮槽时充装软管接15 M3贮槽排液管及本贮槽上部进液阀V7。
15 M3贮槽压力升至0.3～0.4MPa。
2.2.2.2打开压力表阀l4，空载时压力表指针应指零位。
1.2.2.3启动液面计首先打开液面计平衡阀L2，然后打开液面计上阀L1，再打开液面计下阀L3.关闭液面计平衡阀L2，液面计开始工作，在开启阀时应缓慢进行，以防止气流太急打坏液面计元件。
2.2.2.4充液：打开放空阀E1,测满阀MV，关闭其他阀门，打开上部进液阀V7，然后缓慢打15 M3贮槽的排液阀液体从顶部进入槽内，同时观察压力表，液位计，若有液体从测满阀MV 流出（即超出最高液位12000mm）应立即关闭进液阀。
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©
华元iBt德
HUA YUAN CHENG DE
低温液体贮槽（新乡诚德）
使用说
明书
目录
1 说明 (1)
2 概述 (1)
3技术特性 (1)
4结构简介 (1)
5操作与维护 (2)
6运输与安装 (8)
7安全要求及注意事项 (9)
8验收规则及售后服务范围 (12)
一、说明
本手册所示安全事项是为了您能安全正确地使用本产品，防止对您或他人的危害或损害于未然，一旦实施错误的操作法，其产生的后果可分为“警告”和“注意”两部分，其中任何一项均与安全有关，请务必遵守。
乙概述
低温液体贮运设备广泛地用于工业、农业、国防和科学研究等，而高纯度低温贮运设备主要用于电子工业，低温贮运设备的应用日益广泛，主要原
因在于它与传统的钢瓶气相比，具有运输方便、节省能源、安全可靠，保证纯度、适应广大等优点，我国低温液体设备正向质量高，品种多，容量大的方向发展。
三、技术特性
规格型号：CFL(CFW / ________________
3
有效容积：M
容器类别：_______ 类
设计压力：MPa
最高工作压力：MPa
设计温度：内筒-196 C，外筒常温
介质：液氧液氩液氮
主体材料：内筒S30408 外筒Q235-B/Q345R
注：具体参数壹产品质量证明书和竣工图为准。
四、结构简介
4.1 主要结构
贮槽为双层圆筒结构，内筒及配管均用奥氏体不锈钢制造，外筒用Q235-B/Q345R 制造，夹层充满珠光砂，并抽真空，同时设置了经过特殊处理的吸附剂，以延长贮槽的真空寿命。
贮槽设置有供操作的各种阀门，其阀门布置于贮槽底部周围。
贮槽设置有压力表、液面计，供观察槽内压力液面之用。
4.2 结构特点
4.2.1 结构紧凑，占地面积小。
4.2.2贮槽、增压器组成封闭系统，在不外加任何能源的情况下即
可向外供应液体或气体，保证了排出液体或气体的纯度。
4.2 3具有压力调节装置，用户根据需要调好调节阀T,即可排出
需要压力的液体，压力稳定，操作方便。
4.2.4贮槽设置有槽车充液的接头，可向汽化器、槽车送液。
4.2.5贮槽的绝热材料珠光砂和吸附剂都经过特殊处理，使贮槽具
有较长的真空寿命，同时贮槽设有金属热偶规管，需要时即测量夹层真空度。
七、安全要求及注意事项
7.1 安全要求
低温贮槽的安全操作应作气体性质、低温以及压力容器等三个方面的措施，确保操作顺利进行。
氧、氮、氩的部份特性见表6-1,在操作贮槽时，应撑握相应气体的特性，以便针对不同的低温液体采用相应的安全措施。
表
氧、氮、氩的部分特性
燃物，富氧（含量大于21%）情况下有引起火灾，爆炸的危险，
而氮、氩对人体则有窒息、麻醉的作用。
7.1.2低温贮槽的安置场所要求
a .良好的通风条件，500升以上贮槽宜放于室外。
b .在贮槽周围5米内不得有通往低处（如地下室、地穴、地
井、地沟等）的开口，否则地沟入口处必须有挡液堰。
c.贮槽与人口密集地区（例如办公室，公共道路及公共场所）的距离不得小于7.5米。
d .液氧设备与可燃建筑物的距离不得小于30米，与防火建设
物的距离不得小于15 米，且建筑物不得有门对着设备。
e .液氧设备（包括贮槽、汽化器、减压装置等）周围至少5
米内严禁烟火、火源，同时避免在操作场所出现静电火花。
f .贮槽不宜安置在低洼地区地下室内，否则应考虑通风良好，发生故障时排放液体、气体的绝地安全。
g .放空的气体，事故时排放的液体应排至指定的安全地区，室内的安全阀，放空阀应引向室外安全地区排放。
7.1.3 贮槽容量与液体温度的关系低温液体的密度随其压力的升高减小，因此贮槽的重
量容量随
其饱和温度的升高而减小，带压充灌和带压贮存都应该在十分注意不得超过该饱和温度下允许的体积容量。
（即在任何工作压力下，体积充灌率不允许超过95％）。
7.1.4 操作维护中的安全要求
a .阀门的启闭缓慢进行，防止太快太猛，免于出现火花。
b .带压贮存应在摸索出压力上升与时间变化的关系后进行，并且安全装置应稳妥可靠。
c .检修新换的管阀必须彻底去除油污后才能装放。
d .设备要检修焊接前，必须首先排尽槽中的液体，用无油氮气干燥。
e .进入氧气、氮气或氩气密集区的房间，应进行充分的通风吹除。
f .不能让低温液体与皮肤接触，操作时应穿戴合适的保护用品。
g .贮槽操作中的其他安全要求，请按《低温贮运设备使用安
全规则》（JB6898）及有关规定执行。
7.2 注意事项
7.2.1 贮槽在不要求增压的所有时间均应关严增压阀，免于增压阀内漏加大蒸发损失。
7.2.2 使用中的贮槽一般情况下都不要排完槽内的液体，免于贮槽内筒恢复常温，使再充液时造成过多液体的损耗，若很长时间停用，且从经济上计算排尽液体划算，则应排完液体并关闭所有阀门，使内槽保持0.02 MPa 左右压力，以免潮湿空气和灰尘进入内筒系统，堵塞管阀、影响气体纯度。
7.2.3 要调换贮槽贮存的介质时，必须先用干燥无油的空气或氮气将原残留液气吹除干净，再用新贮产品气体进行彻底的吹除。
7.2.4 贮槽出厂时内筒均充0.02 MPa 的干氮气，设备投入使用前不得排出其中的气体。
7.2.5 液位计及其他配用仪器设备的操作维护按各自的使用说明书的要求进行。
八、验收规则及售后服务范围
8.1 验收规则按制造厂质量管理部门签发的产品合格证和产品质量证明书进行验收。
外购件按原制造厂合格证进行验收。
8.2 售后服务范围用户在遵守本产品使用说明书条件，产品出厂之日起12 个月内，因制造质量不良发生不应有损坏时，制造厂负责保修，终身维修。
上述承诺仅限于中华人民共和国境内的使用场合；新乡市诚德气体设备有限公司。