2006年北京第二外国语学院二外英语考研真题答案硕士研究生入学考试试题答案
(附有答案)2006年北京第二外国语学院试题
北京第二外国语学院2006年硕士研究生入学考试试卷英语专业文学专业综合考试1卷满分：150考试说明：请将答案写在试卷上Instructions: You are required to answer all the following questions in English.I. Explain the following (15)1. the Glorious Revolution2. the Ku Klux Klan3. Progressive MovementII. Choose the correct answer from teach of the following (15)1. Which of the following is the most famous of all British newspapers?A. The Times.B. The Guardian.C. Daily TelegraphD. Daily Mirror2. Which of the following is a tabloid?A. New Statesman.B. The Sun.C. Sunday Times.D. Morning Star3. How many terms was Franklin Roosevelt elected for?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. The nuclear family consists of the following except .A. grandmother.B. mother.C. father.D. unmarried children.5. The first group of English Puritans to land in America called themselves "Pilgrims" becauseA. it was the name of their churchB. they had been persecuted .,.C. they had wandered for a great distance in search of freedomD. they came from HollandIII. Answer the following question (20)What, according to the author, is the fundamental cause of poverty in affluent America?IV. Complete each of the following statements. (8)1. A morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself.2. By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of thelevel are composed of elements of the level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.3. According to Chomsky, the object of investigation in linguistics is the ideal speaker’s rather than his performance.4. According to G Leech, meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content.5. "X buys something from Y" and "Y sells something to X" are in a relation of .6. In linguistics, languages are studied at a theoretical point in time: one describesa ’state’ of the language, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place.7. The features that define our human languages can be called features.V. Tell if each of the following statements is true or false. (8)l. The last sound of "sit" can be articulated as an unreleased or released plosive. These different realizations of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.2. All words contain a root morpheme.3. After comparing "They stopped at the end of the corridor" with "At the end of the corridor, they stopped", you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocative meaning.4."Tulip", "rose" and "violet" are all included in the notion of "flower", therefore they are super ordinates of "flower".5. The words "water" and "teacher" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well.6. Paradigmatic relation in syntax is alternatively called horizontal relation.7. Root also falls into two categories: free and bound.8. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory.VI. Fulfill the following requirements.(22)1. Distinguish between the two possible meanings of more beautiful flowers by means of IC analysis.(4)2. Classify the following pairs of antonyms into the three types such as complementary, gradable, and converse.(4)Host----guest borrow ----lend innocent-----guilty strong ------weak3. Tell whether each of the underlined part is endocentric or exocentric.(4)a matter of degree the man who laughed It is going to take placeThe train arrived on time.4. Give the phonetic term for each of the following descriptions. (2)(1) the sound produced by the lower lip and the upper front teeth(2) the sound produced with a complete closure in the mouth so that the air stream cannot escape through the mouth5. Fill in the blank: (1)=CHILD (x, y) & MALE (x)6. Tell the sense relation between a and b in each pair: (3)(1) a. She got a tulip.b. She got a flower.(2) a. You haven t returned the book to me.b. You received a book from me.(3) a. The boy chased the dog.b. The dog was chased by the boy.7. Analyze the following dialogue with reference to Grice’s Cooperative Principle: (4) A: I know you are a famous sociologist. Could you define the term "culture", please1?B: Well, culture is culture. That’s it.VII. Answer the following questions briefly. (12)1. What is a root used in morphology? (3)2. Define "minimal pairs". (3)3. What is meant by "arbitrariness" according to Saussure? (6)VIII. Complete the following sentences by choosing and mark the best alternative (A, B, C or D) in each bracket (20)( ) 1. Geoffrey Chaucer, the "father of English poetry", is one of the greatest poets of England.A. LyricalB. narrativeC. sonnetD. dramatic( ) 2. "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer/The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, /And by opposing end them." This excerpt is taken from Shakespeare’s tragedy .A. Romeo and JulietB. King LearC. Othello, the Moore of VeniceD. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark( ) 3. The trumpet of a prophecy "0 Wind,/If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is from .A. Keat’s Ode to a NightingaleB. Byron’s The Isles of GreeceC. Shelly’s Ode to the West WindD. Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening( ) 4. The following works are all of Charles Dickens except .A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. Great ExpectationD. Martin Eden( ) 5. The form of John Bunyan’s masterpiece, The Pilgrim’s Progress, isA. allegoryB. epicC. fairytalesD. legend( ) 6. Jane Erye and the greater WutheringHeight by brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion which before them had been the province of poetry alone.A. Virginia WoolfB. George EliotC. the Bronte sistersD. Emily Dickinson( ) 7. The Victorian poets include (① Lord Alfred Tennyson ② Robert Browning ③Matthew Arnold ④John Keats)A. ①②④B. ②③④C. ①②③D. ①③④( ) 8. The spokesman for the school of "Art for Art’s Sake" isA. Oscar WildeB. Bernard ShawC. William Yeats .D. Thomas Hardy ?( ) 9. "Diedrich Knickerbocker" is the pseudonym of for his works which combines European legends with New England reality.A. CooperB. Washington IrvingC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Philip Frenau( ) 10. Ralph Waldo Emerson is one of the greatest American litterateurs whose call for an independent American culture played a crucial part in the American intellectual history.The following works are all his exceptA. NatureB. "The Poet"C. "The American Scholar"D. Walden( ) 11. The term of "the gilded age" comes from ’s work with the same name.A. F. S. FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Mark TwainD. James Joyce( ) 12. The following authors are famous American realist novelists exceptA. Henry JamesB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Stephen Crane( ) 13. The novel describes the struggle of a young country girl, half aware of her powers, to protect herself against the cunning wiles of the capitalist society.A. Tess of the D’UrbervillesB. Pride and PrejudiceC. The Purple ColorD. Sister Carrie( ) 14. "The Lost generation" refers to the young who experienced the disillusion after WWI. One of its representative writers isA. William FaulknerB. F. S. FitzgeraldC. Langston HughesD. Vladimir Nabokov( ) 15. Mark Twain’s claim to greatness in American literature lies in the fact that his works reflect the keynote of localism atA. the Romantic AgeB. the Age of ModernismC. the Age of RealismD. the Jazz Age( ) 16. Although modernism is a vague term in definition, it might contain some characteristics such as __________ (①complexity ②the use of symbols ③allusion ④irony)A. ①②④B. ②③C.①②③D. ①②③④( ) 17. The title of the following poem "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/ Petals on a wet, black bough.” isA. "The Waste Land"B. "In a Station of the Metro"C. "The Road not Taken"D. "The Negro Speaks of Rivers( ) 18. is the only Afro-American woman writer who won the Nobel Prize in literature.A. Toni MorrisonB. Lalita TademyC. Catherine Ann PorterD. Alice Walker( ) 19. As the leader of the Harlem writers who created the Black Renaissance, was known as the "Poet Laureate of Harlem".A. Ralph EllisonB. Langston HughesC. Richard WrightD. Alice Walker( ) 20. As the first important American playwright with 49 published plays, did a great to establish the modes of the modern theatre in the country.A. BeckettB. Eugene O’NeilC. RichardsonD. Bernard ShawIX. Explain the following literary phrases and indicate at least one representative writer with one of his major works respectively. (15)1. Code hero2. Angry Young Man3. The Jazz AgeX. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions. (15)One night I accidentally bumped into a man, and perhaps because of the near darkness he saw me and called me an insulting name. I sprang at him, seized his coat lapels and demanded that he apologize. He was a tall blond man, and as my face close to his he looked insolently out of his blue eyes and cursed me, his breath hot in my face as he struggled. I pulled his chin down sharp upon the blood gush out, and I yelled, "Apologize! Apologize!" But he continued to curse and struggle, and I butted him again and again until he went down heavily, on his knees, profusely bleeding. I kicked him repeatedly, in a frenzy because he still uttered insults though his lips were frothy with blood. Oh yes, I kicked him! And in my outrage I got out my knife and prepared to slit his throat, right there beneath the lamplight in the deserted street, holding him by the collar with one hand, and opening the knife with my teeth - when it occurred to me that man had not see me, actually; that me, as far as he knew, was in the midst of a walking nightmare! And I stopped the blade, slicing the air as I pushed him away, letting him fall back to the street.I stared at him hard as the lights of a car stabbed through the darkness, he lay there, moaning on the asphalt; a man almost killed by a phantom. It unnerved me. I was both disgusted and ashamed.I was like a drunken man myself, wavering about on weakened legs. Then I was amused. Somethingin this man’s thick head has sprung out and beaten him within an inch of his life. I began to laugh at this crazy discovery. Would he have awakened at the point of death? Would Death himself have freed him for wakeful living? But I didn’t linger. I ran away into the dark, laughing so hard I feared I might rupture myself. The next day I saw his picture in the Daily News, because a captain stating that he has been "mugged". Poor fool, poor blind fool, I thought with sincere compassion, mugged by an invisible man!1. What novel is this excerpt chosen from? Who is the author?2. Summarize the narrator’s change of emotion in encountering the white man and analyze the causes for the change.3. What is the significance of this novel in literature history答案：英美概况部分I. Explain the following (15)1. the Glorious Revolutiona. It refers to the event of 1688 the English Revolution, when the Catholic king James II was forced to flee with his baby son to France.b. The throne was offered to his daughter and her husband Dutch king William.c. The Bill of Rights was passed by Parliament to restrict the power of the Monarchy.d. This was the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy in Britain.2. the Ku Klux Klana. After the Civil War, some southern whites formed the Ku Klux Klan.b. It was a violent secret society that hoped to protect white interests and advantages by terrorizing blacks and preventing them from making social advances.c. By 1872, the federal government had suppressed the Klan, but it revived several times in later history.3. Progressivea. It was a movement in early 20th century to reform society and individuals through government action.b. It was primarily a movement of social engineer who believed that scientific and cost-efficient solutions could be found to all political problems.II. Choose the correct answer from teach of the following (15)1. A2. B3. D4. A5. CIII. Answer the following question (20)The fundamental cause of poverty in affluent America is the overall unequal distribution of wealth and income. The richest fifth of American family receives over 40 percent of the national income, whereas the poorest fifth receives only 5.21 percent.语言学部分IV. Complete each of the following statements. (8)1. bound2. primary, secondarypetence4. connotative5. synonymy6.synchronic7.designV. Tell if each of the following statements is true or false. (8)l. F 2.T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. F 7. T 8.TVI. Fulfill the following requirements. (22)1. ((more beautiful) flowers) (more (beautiful flowers))2. complementary: innocent---guilty,gradable: strong---weak,converse: host---guest borrow---lend3. endocentric: a matter of degree the man who laughed It is going to take place exocentric: The train arrived on time.4. (l) labiodental (2) nasal5. son6. (1) entailment (2) presupposition (3)synonymy7. B fails to comply with Maxim of quantity and Maxim of manner.VII. Answer the following questions briefly. (12)See the text book英美文学部分VIII. Complete the following sentences by choosing and mark the best alternative (A, B, C or D) in each bracket. (20 )1. B2. D3.C4. D5. A6. C7. C8. A9. B 10. D11. C 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. C16. D 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. BIX. Explain the following literary phrases and indicate at least one representative writer with one of his major works respectively. (15)答案略X. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions. (15)答案略。
2006研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案
上课教室 2楼报告厅 2楼报告厅 2楼报告厅 2楼报告厅 2楼报告厅 2楼报告厅 2楼报告厅
上课时间 第1节 第2节 第3节 第4节 第5节 第6节 第7节 第8节
三年级 上海市外高桥保税区实验小学 四年级 上海市宝山区月浦新村小学
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语文（综合活动）课 送别诗
需学生操作电脑的网络教室 2楼报告厅 网络教室 网络教室 网络教室 多媒体演教室 第1节 3楼多功能教室 第2节 3楼多功能教室 第3节 3楼多功能教室 第4节 3楼多功能教室 第5节 3楼多功能教室 第6节 3楼多功能教室 第7节 3楼多功能教室 第8节 4楼舞蹈房 4楼舞蹈房 4楼舞蹈房 4楼舞蹈房 4楼舞蹈房 4楼舞蹈房 4楼舞蹈房 4楼舞蹈房 第1节 第2节 第3节 第4节 第5节 第6节 第7节 第8节
六年级 吉林长春市汽车产业开发区第十四小学网络教室 一年级 北京市西单小学 三年级 安徽合肥市西园新村小学 二年级 上海市浦东新区南码头小学 五年级 河北石家庄南马路小学 五年级 江苏省常州市丁堰中心小学 六年级 陕西西安交通大学附小 网络教室 多媒体演示教室 多媒体演示教室 网络教室 网络教室 网络教室 网络教室 网络教室
用7、8、9的乘法口诀求商 二年级 广西桂平逸夫实验小学 多边形面积和的整理和复习 五年级 山西大同市实验小学
2006年考研英语二真题和答案
2006年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary （10 points ）Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1. In some countries girls are still_____ of a good education.A. denied.B. declinedC. derivedD. deprived2. As the years passed, the memories of her childhood______ away.A. fadedB. disappearedC. flashedD. fired3. Brierley’s book has the________ of being both informative and readable.A. inspirationB. requirementsC. mythD. merit4. If I have any comments to make, I’ll write them in the ______of the book I’m readingA. edgeB. pageC. marginD. side5. My ________would really trouble me if I wore a fur coat.A. consciousnessB. consequenceC. constitutionD. conscience6. When the post fell _______, Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it.A. emptyB. vacantC. hollowD. bare7. Mother who takes care of everybody is usually the most _________person in each family.A. considerateB. considerableC. consideringD. constant8. For ten years the Greeks _______the city of Troy to separate it from the outside.A. capturedB. occupiedC. destroyedD. surrounded9. Other guests at yesterday's opening, which was broadcast______ by the radio station, included Anne Mclntosh and the Mayor.A. liveB. aliveC. livingD. lively10.A New Zealand man was recently _____ to life imprisonment for the murder of an English tourist, Monica Cantwell.A. punishedB. accusedC. sentencedD. put11.The past 22 years have really been amazing, and every prediction we've made about improvements have all come____A. trulyB. trueC. truthD. truthful12.The teachers tried to ______these students that they could solve the complicated problem, however, they just didn’t see the point.A. convinceB. encourageC. consultD. concern13.I'm _________ to think that most children would like their teachers to be their friends rather than their commanders.A. subjectedB. supposedC. declinedD. inclined14. She is under the impression that he isn’t a ________ person for he wouldn’t tell her where and when he went to university.A. geniusB. generousC. genuineD. genetic15. The first glasses of Coca-Cola were drunk in 1886. The drink was first _____by a US chemist called John PembertonA. formedB. madeC. foundD. done16.These two chemicals ______with each other at a certain temperature to produce a substance which could cause an explosion.A. interactB. attractC. reactD. expel17. ________they can get people in the organization to do what must he done, they will not succeed.A. SinceB. UnlessC. IfD. Whether18. Once you have started a job, you should do it__________.A. in practiceB. in theoryC. in earnestD. in a hurry19. Although the new library service has been very successful, its future is ______certain.A. at any rateB. by no meansC. by all meansD. at any cost20.To my surprise, at yesterday's meeting he again ________the plan that had been disapproved a week before.A. brought aboutB. brought outC. brought upD. brought downSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWET SHEET with a pencil. Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices, 21 that businesses were still protecting consumers 22 the full brunt (冲击) of higher energy costs.The Producer Price Index, 23 measures what producers receive for goods and services,24 1 percent in July, the Labor Department reported yesterday, double 25 economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in June. Excluding 26 and energy, the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent, 27 than the 0.1 percent that economists had 28 .Much of that increase was a result of an 29 increase in car and truck prices.On Tuesday, the Labor Department said the 30 that consumers paid for goods and services in July were 31 0.5 percent over all, and up 0.1 percent, excluding food and energy.32 the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices 33 caused by energy costs, which increased 4.4 percent in the month. (Wholesale food prices 34 0.3 percent in July. 35 July 2004, wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent, the core rate 36 2.8 percent, its fastest pace since 1995.Typically, increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similar changes in the consumer index 37 businesses recoup (补偿) higher costs from customers. 38 for much of this expansion, which started 39 the end of 2001, that has not been the 40 . In fact, many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products21. A. indicate B. to indicate C. indicating D. indicated22. A. of B. to C. by D. from23. A. that B. which C. it D. this24. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. raised25.A. that B. what C. which D. this26. A. food B. grain C. crop D. diet27. A. less B. lower C. higher D. more28. A. said B. reported C. calculated D. forecast29. A. expectable B. unexpected C. expectation D. expecting30. A. prices B. costs C. charges D. values31. A. down B. from C. to D. up32. A. Much B. Most C. Most of D. Much of33. A. was B. were C. is D. are34. A. fall B. fell C. falls D. has fallen35. A. Comparing with B. In comparison C. Compared with D. Compare to36. A. dropped B. declined C. lifted D. climbed37. A. as B. so C. while D. when38. A. And B. But C. Yet D. Still39. A. at B. by C. in D. to40. A. condition B. situation C. matter D. caseSection III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4passages in this part. Each passage os followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marded A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by compumation (计算机自动化). Word processors and typists will lose about 93,000 jobs over the next few years, while 57,000 secretarial jobs will vanish. Blame the PC: Today, many executives type their own memos and carry their：“secretaries”in the palms of their hands. Time is also hard for stock clerks, whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68,000. And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are being replaced with computerized systems.But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line. Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies. When new technologies shook up the telecomm business, telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retraining. She is now a communications technician, earning about $ 64,000 per year. Of course, if you've been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years, and you find yourself replaced by an E¬-ZPass machine, it may be of little consolation(安慰) to know that the telecomm field is booming.And that's just it: The service economy is fading; welcome to the expertise(专门知识) economy. To succeed in the new job market, you must be able to handle complex problems. Indeed, all but one of the 50 highest-paying occupations---air-traffic controller---de mand at least a bachelor’s degree. For those with just a high school diploma(毕业证书),It's going to get tougher to find a well-paying job. Since fewer factory and clerical jobs will be available, what's left will be the jobs that compumation can’t kill: Computers can’t clean offices ,or care for Alzheimer's patients(老年痴呆病人). But ,since most people have the skills to fill those positions, the wages stay painfully low ,meaning compumation could drive an even deeper wedge (楔子) between the rich and poor. The best advice now: Never stop learning ,and keep up with new technology.For busy adults, of course, that can be tough. The good news is that the very technology that's reducing so many jobs is also making it easier to go back to school without having to sit in a classroom. So-called Internet distance learning is hot, with more than three million students currently enrolled , and it’s gaining credibility with employers.Are you at risk of losing your job to a computer ? Check the federal Bureau of LaborStatistics' Occupational Outlook Handbook, which is available online at bls. gov.41、From the first paragraph we can infer that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment EXCEPT.A. secretariesB. stock clerksC. managersD. wholesalers42、In the second paragraph the author mentions the tollbooth collector toA. mean he will get benefits from the telecomm fieldB. show he is too old to shift to a new positionC. console him on having been replaced by a machineD. blame the PC for his unemployment43.By saying “┅compumation could drive an even deeper wedge between the rich and poor ”(line 5, Para. 4) the author meansA. people are getting richer and richerB. there will be a small gap between rich and poorC. the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and largerD. it’s time to close up the gap between the rich and poor44、What is the author's attitude towards computers?A. positiveB. negativeC. neutralD. prejudiced45、Which of the following might serve as the best title of passage?A. Blaming the PCB. The booming telecomm fieldC. Internet distance leaningD. Keeping up with compumationQuestion 46 to 50 are based on the following passage：Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won't look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates .Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate(半文盲)Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational –repair shops—adult–literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high-school graduates and high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school, They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.I will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump card of failure. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by Until Mrs. Stifter.Our son was high-school senior when he had her for English. “He sits in the back of the room talking to his friends.” she told me, “Why don't you move him to the front row? ” I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs. Stifter said, 'I don't move seniors. I flunk (使┅不及格) them. ' Our son's academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this .It was a radical approach for these times, but, well, Why not? “She's going to flunk you.” I told my son.I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority (头等重要) in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.I know one example doesn't make a case, but at night I see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.” I should have been held back,” is a comment I hear f requently. Even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class.” I don’t know how I ever got a high-school diploma.”Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can't learn if they come from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don't put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at risk. They'd rather be sailing.Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they've got. They have a healthy fear of failure.People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Young people generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. But fear of failure can motivate both.46.What is the subject of this essay?A. view point on learningB. a qualified teacherC. the importance of examinationD. the generation gap47.How did Mrs. Sifter get the attention of one of the author’s children?A. flunking himB. moving his seatC. blaming himD. playing card with him48.The author believes that the most effective way for a teacher is toA. purify the teaching environments .B. set up cooperation between teachers and parents.C. hold back student.D. motivate student.49. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that the authors’ attitude toward flunking isA. negativeB. positiveC. biasedD. indifferent50. Judging from the content, this passage is probably written forA. administratorsB. studentsC. teachersD. parentsQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.“All I hear in higher education is, Brand, brand, brand,” said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. “There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education.”Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course . In 1997 , the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music ,urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School .Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marke ting consultant’s creation of “naming structures.” “brand architecture” and “ identity systems,” the university has come up with a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos (标识)，banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the New School.”Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State. Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago, hoping to highlight many internal changes, including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons: to break the connection with its past as a women’s college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完全成熟的) university and officials acknowledged, to eliminate some joke s about the college’s old name on late-night television and “morning zoo” radio shows.Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average student's test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said.51. which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?A. They prefer higher education competitionB. They try to gain advantage in market share.C. They want to project their image.D. They hope to make some changes.52. It is implied that one of the most significant changes in higher education in the past decade isA. the brand.B. the college namesC. the concept of marketingD. list of majors.53.The phrase ' come up with'(Line 3, Para. 4) probably meansA. catch up withB. deal withC. put forwardD. come to the realization54 The case of name changing from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State indicates that the universityA. is perceived by the societyB. hopes to expand its influenceC. prefers to reform its reaching programsD. expects to enlarge its campus55.According to the spokeswoman, the name change of Beaver CollegeA. turns out very successfulB. fails to attain its goalC. has eliminated some jokesD. has transformed its statusQuestion 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:It looked just like another aircraft from the outside .The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964.But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.Inside, the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel. Heavily padded(填塞) from floor to ceiling ,it looked a bit strange. There were almost no windows, but lights along the padded walls illuminated it. Most of the seats had been taken out apart from a few at the back where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear.For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency .The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions.For the next two hours, the flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lose its reason, shooting upwards towards the heavens before rushing towards Earth. The invention was to achieve weightlessness for a few seconds.The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45 degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut our and we became weightless. Everything became confused and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent (下降) the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its experiment. First it was the Dutch who wanted to discover how it is that cats always land on their feet. Then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if it could be used for building a future space station. The Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.After two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments, the predominant feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat.56、What did the writer say about the plane?.A、It had no seats.B、It was painted white.C、It had no windows.D、The outside was misleading.57、According to the writer ，how did the young scientists feel before the flight？A、sickB、keenC、nervousD、impatient58、what did the pilot do with the plane after it took off？A、He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.B、He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.C、He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.D、He climbed and then made the plane turn over.59.Acoording to the passage, the purpose of being weightless was toA. see what conditions are like in spaceB. prepare the young scientists for future work in spaceC. show the judges of the competition what they could doD. make the teams try out their ideas60.this passage was written toA. encourage young people to take up scienceB. describe the process of a scientific competitionC. show scientists what young people can doD. report on a new scientific techniqueSection IV Translation (20 point)Directions: in this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEETThe smooth landing of shuttle (航天飞机) Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one: the dislodging of a big chunk of foam, like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve, the verdict is necessarily mixed.(61) Once again, the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem, and no one seems willing to guess how long that may take .The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission, and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects. (62) Space officials were justifiably happy that so much had gone well, despite daily worries over possible risks. The flight clearly achieved its prime objectives.The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station, which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft.(63) They replaced a broken device, repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that had been left on the station, showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space.This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever, with the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit. (64) New sensing and photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damage to the sensitive external skin proved valuable .A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle's underbelly, and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts see parts of the shuttle that were previously out of sight.(65).The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart. In the end the damage was clearly tolerable. A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle's skin-the first of its kind- moved anastronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand. Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights, perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success.Section V Writing (20 points)Directions: in this section .you are asked to write an essay based on the following diagram. Describe the diagram and analyze the possible causes .You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.参考答案：词汇：1——5 D A D C D 6——10 B A D A C11——15 B B D A B16——20 A B C B C 完型填空：21——25 C D B C B26——30 A C D B A31——35 D D A B C36——40 D A C A D阅读理解：41——45 C B C A D 46——50 A A D B C51——55 A C C A C 56——60 A C A D A61）航天部门被迫再次推迟飞行，直到找到问题的解决办法。
2006年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年北京第二外国语学院611基础英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Structure (20 points, l point each)Directions: In this section, there are 15 sentences each with one word or phrase missing Choose one of the four choices marked A. B. C. and D that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening it.1. I ought to _____ them about the new, but I forgot to do so.A. remember tellingB. remember having toldC. have remembered to tellD. have remembered telling【答案】C【解析】ought to have done表示对过去事情的虚拟，意为“本应该，而实际上并未做”。
remember to do sth.记得去做某事。
remember doing sth.记得做过某事。
2. On that rainy night, John told his father that the lock on the door _____ loose.A. was feltB. felt likeC. was feelingD. felt【答案】D【解析】感官动词feel，taste，sound，smell等无需用被动语态，后面直接加形容词。
3. _____ now, he prefers a quiet life.A. T o be all old manB. Being an old manC. Having been an old manD. Be an old man【答案】B【解析】根据句中的now可判断，空白处需填表示目前状况的短语，选项B现在分词短语做状语，表进行。
2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答(4)
2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答(4) Part B本部分内容请参见Part B（二）答案解析及参考译文Part C篇章导读本文的中心内容为如何改进公众对科学研究的认识。
文章首先提出了虽然不同领域间的相互受益在科学界被广为认同，但公众却不清楚这一事实，之后阐述了改进公众对科学认识的时机已经成熟并讲述了如何提高公众对科学研究的认识，最后作者以农业为例，说明了其它学科领域的研究对生物医学进步所起的作用。
思路解析46.本句的句子主干结构为“……the scientific community could build a more effective case for public support of all science……”，其中“Because……is strong”为because引导的原因状语从句，“by articulating……”为方式状语，在该方式状语中how引导“articulate”的宾语从句。
47.本句的句子主干结构为“……we can work to enhance public appreciation of scientific research……”，其中“by showing……”为方式状语，在该方式状语中how引导“show”的宾语从句。
48.本句为简单句。
句子的主干结构为“……it may appear to have made few significant contributions to biomedicaladvances……”，在该句中“related to human nutrition”为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的“those.”49.本句的主句为“it was……that”的强调句型，其中“at the turn of the century”为时间状语，该时间状语包含一个when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“the turn of the century”，该定语从句为连词and连接的并列结构。
【北京外国语大学-英美文学-考研真题及答案】英美文学2006
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And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. 7. Though justice be thy plea, consider this, That in the court ofjustice none of us Should see salvation: we do pray for mercy, And that same prayer doth teach us all to render The deeds of mercy. 8. The Bennets were speedily pronounced to be the luckiest family in the world, though only a few weeks before when Lydia had first run away, they had been generally proved to be marked out for misfortune. 9. "Only think of that my dear; he actually danced with her twice; and she was the only creature in the room that he asked twice." 10. Is not a Patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the \Vater, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help? The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labours, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary, and cannot impart it, till I am known, and do not want it.
北二外英研06综英1
北京第二外国语学院2006年硕士研究生入学考试试卷英语专业文学专业综合考试1卷Instructions: Y ou are required to answer all the following questions in English.I. Explain the following (15)1. the Glorious Revolution2. the Ku Klux Klan3. Progressive MovementII. Choose the correct answer from teach of the following (15)1. Which of the following is the most famous of all British newspapers?A. The Times.B. The Guardian.C. Daily TelegraphD. Daily Mirror2. Which of the following is a tabloid?A. New Statesman.B. The Sun.C. Sunday Times.D. Morning Star3. How many terms was Franklin Roosevelt elected for?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. The nuclear family consists of the following except .A. grandmother.B. mother.C. father.D. unmarried children.5. The first group of English Puritans to land in America called themselves "Pilgrims" becauseA. it was the name of their churchB. they had been persecuted .,.C. they had wandered for a great distance in search of freedomD. they came from HollandIII. Answer the following question (20)What, according to the author, is the fundamental cause of poverty in affluent America?IV. Complete each of the following statements. (8)1. A morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself.2. By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the level are composed of elements of the level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.3. According to Chomsky, the object of investigation in linguistics is the ideal speaker\'s rather than his performance.4. According to G Leech, meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content.5. "X buys something from Y" and "Y sells something to X" are in a relation of .6. In linguistics, languages are studied at a theoretical point in time: one describes a \'state\' of the language, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place.7. The features that define our human languages can be called features.V. Tell if each of the following statements is true or false. (8)l. The last sound of "sit" can be articulated as an unreleased or released plosive. These different realizations of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.2. All words contain a root morpheme.3. After comparing "They stopped at the end of the corridor" with "At the end of the corridor, they stopped", you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocative meaning.4."Tulip", "rose" and "violet" are all inc luded in the notion of "flower", therefore they are super ordinates of "flower".5. The words "water" and "teacher" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well.6. Paradigmatic relation in syntax is alternatively called horizontal relation.7. Root also falls into two categories: free and bound.8. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for,is known as the referential theory.VI. Fulfill the following requirements.(22)1. Distinguish between the two possible meanings of more beautiful flowers by means of IC analysis.(4)2. Classify the following pairs of antonyms into the three types such as complementary, gradable, and converse.(4)Host----guest borrow ----lend innocent-----guilty strong ------weak3. Tell whether each of the underlined part is endocentric or exocentric.(4)a matter of degree the man who laughed It is going to take place The train arrived on time.4. Give the phonetic term for each of the following descriptions. (2)(1) the sound produced by the lower lip and the upper front teeth(2) the sound produced with a complete closure in the mouth so that the air stream cannot escape through the mouth5. Fill in the blank: (1)=CHILD (x, y) & MALE (x)6. Tell the sense relation between a and b in each pair: (3)(1) a. She got a tulip. b. She got a flower.(2) a. Y ou haven t returned the book to me. b. Y ou received a book from me.(3) a. The boy chased the dog. b. The dog was chased by the boy.7. Analyze the following dialogue with reference to Grice\'s Cooperative Principle: (4)A: I know you are a famous sociologist. Could you define the term "culture", please1?B: Well, culture is culture. That\'s it.VII. Answer the following questions briefly. (12)1. What is a root used in morphology? (3)2. Define "minimal pairs". (3)3. What is meant by "arbitrariness" according to Saussure? (6)VIII. Complete the following sentences by choosing and mark the best alternative (A, B, C or D) in each bracket (20)( ) 1. Geoffrey Chaucer, the "father of English poetry", is one of the greatest poets of England.A. LyricalB. narrativeC. sonnetD. dramatic( ) 2. "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether \'tis nobler in the mind to suffer/The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, /And by opposing end them." This excerpt is taken from Shakespeare\'s tragedy .A. Romeo and JulietB. King LearC. Othello, the Moore of V eniceD. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark( ) 3. The trumpet of a prophecy "0 Wind,/If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is from .A. Keat\'s Ode to a nightingaleB. Byron\'s The Isles of GreeceC. Shelly\'s Ode to the West WindD. Frost\'s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening ( ) 4. The following works are all of Charles Dickens except .A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. Great ExpectationD. Martin Eden ( ) 5. The form of John Bunyan\'s masterpiece, The Pilgrim\'s Progress, isA. allegoryB. epicC. fairytalesD. legend( ) 6. Jane Erye and the greater WutheringHeight by brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion which before them had been the province of poetry alone.A. Virginia WoolfB. George EliotC. the Bronte sistersD. Emily Dickinson ( ) 7. The V ictorian poets include (①Lord Alfred Tennyson ②Robert Browning ③ Matthew Arnold ④John Keats)A. ①②④B. ②③④C. ①②③D. ①③④( ) 8. The spokesman for the school of "Art for Art\'s Sake" isA. Oscar WildeB. Bernard ShawC. William Y eats .D. Thomas Hardy ?( ) 9. "Diedrich Knickerbocker" is the pseudonym of for his works which combines European legends with New England reality.A. CooperB. Washington IrvingC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Philip Frenau( ) 10. Ralph Waldo Emerson is one of the greatest American litterateurs whose call for an independent American culture played a crucial part in the American intellectual history.The following works are all his exceptA. NatureB. "The Poet"C. The American ScholarD. Walden( ) 11. The term of "the gilded age" comes from \'s work with the same name.A. F. S. FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Mark TwainD. James Joyce ( ) 12. The following authors are famous American realist novelists exceptA. Henry JamesB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Stephen Crane( ) 13. The novel describes the struggle of a young country girl, half aware of her powers, to protect herself against the cunning wiles of the capitalist society.A. Tess of the D\'UrbervillesB. Pride and PrejudiceC. The Purple ColorD. Sister Carrie ( ) 14. "The Lost generation" refers to the young who experienced the disillusion after WWI. One of its representative writers isA. William FaulknerB. F. S. FitzgeraldC. Langston HughesD. Vladimir Nabokov ( ) 15. Mark Twain\'s claim to greatness in American literature lies in the fact that his works reflect the keynote of localism atA. the Romantic AgeB. the Age of ModernismC. the Age of RealismD. the Jazz Age ( ) 16. Although modernism is a vague term in definition, it might contain some characteristics such as __________ (①complexity ②the use of symbols ③allusion ④irony)A. ①②④B. ②③C.①②③D. ①②③④( ) 17. The title of the following poem "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/ Petals on a wet, black bough.” isA. "The Waste Land"B. "In a Station of the Metro"C. "The Road not Taken"D. "The Negro Speaks of Rivers( ) 18. is the only Afro-American woman writer who won the Nobel Prize in literature.A. Toni MorrisonB. Lalita TademyC. Catherine Ann PorterD. Alice Walker ( ) 19. As the leader of the Harlem writers who created the Black Renaissance, was known as the "Poet Laureate of Harlem".A. Ralph EllisonB. Langston HughesC. Richard WrightD. Alice Walker ( ) 20. As the first important American playwright with 49 published plays, did agreat to establish the modes of the modern theatre in the country.A. BeckettB. Eugene O\'NeilC. RichardsonD. Bernard ShawIX. Explain the following literary phrases and indicate at least one representative writer with one of his major works respectively. (15)1. Code hero2. Angry Y oung Man3. The Jazz AgeX. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions. (15)One night I accidentally bumped into a man, and perhaps because of the near darkness he saw me and called me an insulting name. I sprang at him, seized his coat lapels and demanded that he apologize. He was a tall blond man, and as my face close to his he looked insolently out of his blue eyes and cursed me, his breath hot in my face as he struggled. I pulled his chin down sharp upon the blood gush out, and I yelled, "Apologize! Apologize!" But he continued to curse and struggle, and I butted him again and again until he went down heavily, on his knees, profusely bleeding. I kicked him repeatedly, in a frenzy because he still uttered insults though his lips were frothy with blood. Oh yes, I kicked him! And in my outrage I got out my knife and prepared to slit his throat, right there beneath the lamplight in the deserted street, holding him by the collar with one hand, and opening the knife with my teeth - when it occurred to me that man had not see me, actually; that me, as far as he knew, was in the midst of a walking nightmare! And I stopped the blade, slicing the air as I pushed him away, letting him fall back to the street. I stared at him hard as the lights of a car stabbed through the darkness, he lay there, moaning on the asphalt; a man almost killed by a phantom. It unnerved me. I was both disgusted and ashamed. I was like a drunken man myself, wavering about on weakened legs. Then I was amused. Something in this man\'s thick head has sprung out and beaten him within an inch of his life. I began to laugh at this crazy discovery. Would he have awakened at the point of death? Would Death himself have freed him for wakeful living? But I didn\'t linger. I ran away into the dark, laughing so hard I feared I might rupture myself. The next day I saw his picture in the Daily News, because a captain stating that he has been "mugged". Poor fool, poor blind fool, I thought with sincere compassion, mugged by an invisible man!1. What novel is this excerpt chosen from? Who is the author?2. Summarize the narrator\'s change of emotion in encountering the white man and analyze the causes for the change.3. What is the significance of this novel in literature history?英美概况部分I. Explain the following (15)1. the Glorious Revolutiona. It refers to the event of 1688 the English Revolution, when the Catholic king James II was forced to flee with his baby son to France.b. The throne was offered to his daughter and her husband Dutch king William.c. The Bill of Rights was passed by Parliament to restrict the power of the Monarchy.d. This was the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy in Britain.2. the Ku Klux Klana. After the Civil War, some southern whites formed the Ku Klux Klan.b. It was a violent secret society that hoped to protect white interests and advantages byterrorizing blacks and preventing them from making social advances.c. By 1872, the federal government had suppressed the Klan, but it revived several times in later history.3. Progressivea. It was a movement in early 20th century to reform society and indiv iduals through government action.b. It was primarily a movement of social engineer who believed that scientific and cost-efficient solutions could be found to all political problems.II. Choose the correct answer from teach of the following (15)1. A2. B3. D4. A5. CIII. Answer the following question (20)The fundamental cause of poverty in affluent America is the overall unequal distribution of wealth and income. The richest fifth of American family receives over 40 percent of the national income, whereas the poorest fifth receives only 5.21 percent.语言学部分plete each of the following statements. (8)1. bound2. primary, secondarypetence4. connotative5. synonymy6.synchronic7.designV. Tell if each of the following statements is true or false. (8)l. F 2.T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. F 7. T 8.TVI. Fulfill the following requirements. (22)1. ((more beautiful) flowers) (more (beautiful flowers))2. complementary: innocent---guilty,gradable: strong---weak,converse: host---guest borrow---lend3. endocentric: a matter of degree the man who laughed It is going to take place exocentric: The train arrived on time.4. (l) labiodental (2) nasal5. son6. (1) entailment (2) presupposition (3)synonymy7. B fails to comply with Maxim of quantity and Maxim of manner.VII.Answer the following questions briefly. (12)See the text book英美文学部分VIII. Complete the following sentences by choosing and mark the best alternative (A, B, C or D) in each bracket. (20 )1-5. BDCDA6-10. C CABD 11-15. CDDBC 16-20. DBABBIX.Explain the following literary phrases and indicate at least one representative writer with one of his major works respectively. (15)X. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions. (15)。
2006考研英语（二）真题
2006年考研英语（二）真题Section II Cloze(10 points)Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices，21 hat businesses were still protecting consumers 22 the full brunt (冲击) of higher energy costs.The Producer Price Index 23 measures what producers receive for goods and services，24 1 percent in July.The Labor Department reported yesterday. Double 25 economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in June.Excluding 26 and energy.the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent，27 than the 0.1 percent that economists had 28 .Much of that increase was a result of an 29 increase in car and truck prices.On Tuesday，the Labor Department said the 30 that consumers paid for goods and services in July were 31 0.5 percent over all，and up 0.1 percent，excluding food and energy.32 the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices 33 caused by energy costs，which increased 4.4 percent in the month.(Wholesale food prices 34 0.3 percent in July. 35 July 2004，Wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent，the core rate 36 2.8 percent，its fastest pace since 1995. )Typically，increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similarchanges in the consumer index 37 businesses recoup (补偿) higher costs from customers. 38 for much of this expansion，which started 39 the end of 2001，that has not been the 40 .In fact，many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products .21.A indicate B to indicate C indicating Dindicated22.A of B to C by D from23.A that B which C it D this24.Arise B rises C rose D raised25.A that B what C which D this26.A food B grain C crop Ddiet27.A less B lower C higher D more28.A said B reported C calculated D forecast29.A expectable B.unexpected C expectation D expecting30.A prices B costs C charges D values31.A down B from C to D up32.A Much B Most C Most of D Much of33.A was B were C is D are34.A fall B fell C falls D has fallen35.A Comparing with B In comparison C Compared with D Compare to36.A dropped B declined C lifted D climbed37.A as B so C while D when38.A And B But C Yet D Still39.A at B by C in D to40.A condition B situation C matter D caseSection III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by compumation (计算机自动化).Word processors and typists will lose about 93，000 jobs over the next few years，while 57，000 secretarial jobs will vanish.Blame the PC: Today，many executives type their own memos and carry there" secretaries" in the palms of their hands.Time is also hard for stock clerks，whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68，000.And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are being replaced with computerized systems.But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line.Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies.When new technologies shook up the telecomm business，telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retraining.She is now a communications technician，earning about $ 64，000 per year.Of course，if you've been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years，and you find yourself replaced by an E ZPass machine，it may be of littleconsolation(安慰) to know that the telecom field is booming.And that's just it: The service economy is fading: welcome to the expertise(专门知识) economy.To succeed in the new job market，you must be able to handle complex problems.Indeed，all but one of the 50 highest-paying occupations---air-traffic controller---demand at least a bachelor's degree.For those with just a high school diploma(毕业证书)。