To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》介绍
永远的灯塔_象征主义在_到灯塔去_中的运用
永远的灯塔———象征主义在《到灯塔去》中的运用王晓玲(南京航空航天大学 南京 210016)一《到灯塔去》(T o the Lighth ouse)(1927)是弗吉尼亚・伍尔夫意识流小说趋于成熟的一部代表作,是一部具有浓郁象征主义色彩的小说。
许多评论家对其中的象征意义作过各种不同的解读,确实伍尔夫在小说中投放了种种暗示,也留下了许多空白,可谓象征无处不在。
如果我们将象征分为一般意义上的象征和特殊意义上的象征的话,前者应指那些能引起人们普遍情感和联想的象征,如白色就使人联想到纯洁而十字架让人联想到权威,鸽子自然与和平联系在一起;而特殊象征则是作者在其作品中所创造出来的具有特定含义的象征,有时也可以是读者根据自己的理解所读出的特殊意义。
在《到灯塔去》问世后,弗吉尼亚・伍尔夫曾表示“我没有用灯塔来表现任何意义,书中总得有一条主线来把它构建成一个整体。
”①尽管如此,在一般意义上,灯塔总是让人联想起给人指明方向的光芒、真理或秩序;在基督教世界里,它更是一种救世的象征,那么“到灯塔去”自然使人得出是一种追求真理、达到人生理想境界的一种隐喻。
在这种普遍意义上的象征以外,对于作品中的不同人物及作者本人,灯塔所具有的象征意义也各不相同。
首先对于拉姆齐先生的学生查尔斯・塔斯利来说,灯塔意味着对幼年生活经历的一种回忆———“在他还是幼儿时就曾被人从船上抛到水中,他父亲用带钩的船篙把他捞出,他就这样学会了游泳……他有一个叔叔在远离苏格兰海岸的某处礁石看守过灯塔,……他自己在塔中经历过风暴”所以对他而言灯塔是一种现实的存在,它是大海的咆哮,死亡的威胁。
所以当女画家莉丽提出要和他一起去灯塔时,他的回答总是一个:“你会受不了的。
”灯塔和海水不能引起他任何美好的联想和憧憬。
对于拉姆齐夫人,夜色里那远处闪烁不停的灯塔是那么的美丽,“啊,多么美丽!因为她眼前是一片蓝色的海水;那灰白色的灯塔显得如此遥远和庄严,它坚挺地屹立在水中……”在她眼中灯塔象征着一种宁静和详和,一种永恒,也是她得以施爱和救世的理想境地。
到灯塔去
Part III: The Lighthouse In the final
section, “The Lighthouse,” some of the remaining Ramsays return to their summer home ten years after the events of Part I, as Mr Ramsay finally plans on taking the long-delayed trip to the lighthouse with his son James and daughter Cam(illa). The trip almost doesn’t happen, as the children hadn't been ready, but they eventually take off. En route, the children give their father the silent treatment for forcing them to come along. James keeps the sailing boat steady, and rather than receiving the harsh words he has come to expect from his father, he hears praise, providing a rare moment of empathy between father and son; Cam's attitude towards her father has changed as well. They are being accompanied by the sailor Macalister and his son, who catches fish during the trip. The son cuts a piece of flesh from a fish he has caught to use for bait, throwing the injured fish back into the sea. While they set sail for the lighthouse, Lily attempts to complete her long-unfinished painting. She reconsiders Mrs Ramsay’s memory, grateful for her help in pushing Lily to continue with her art, yet at the same time struggling to free herself from the tacit control Mrs Ramsay had over other aspects of her life. Upon finishing the painting and seeing that it satisfies her, she realizes that the execution of her vision is more important to her than the idea of leaving some sort of legacy in her work – a lesson Mr Ramsay has yet to learn.
《到灯塔去》永垂不朽的孤独
《到灯塔去》永垂不朽的孤独（全文2752字，阅读大概5分钟）《到灯塔去》读书笔记这本书其实有分享不完的宝藏，抄读书笔记抄到怀疑人生：为什么有这么多好的想法和美妙的文字呢？我好想都分享给你们呀。
如果只能从一个角度来聊聊这本书，我想和你们聊【孤独】。
先说说我的孤独。
我问了周围一圈的人，没有人看过这本书。
当我心里有疑问却不能交流，这是我的孤独。
还有，伍尔夫这么好的意识流作品，却鲜有人读过，这在某种程度上表现了作者是孤独的。
不得不说，伍尔夫的作品阅读起来有一定的高度和难度，所以鲜有人敢于攀登。
但是王安石说了：“世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观，常在险远。
”我虽然没有完全读懂《到灯塔去》的很多细节，但是第二遍读已经比第一遍进步了，再加之抄写了一些句子，对于其中的主题感悟也更深了一层，我想未来还会有机会再重读这本书，阅历的增多对于经典的感悟会加深。
你们会发现从我的表述来看，这本书不适合快读，适合慢慢品读。
你们可以当它是一本伍尔夫心灵的呓语，包含着对男女性别、对人生、对时间、对孤独、对人与人的关系的一些看法。
我越读，会发现自己太匮乏，什么也抓不住，什么也不能提炼。
这篇书评之后不是我与伍尔夫的告别，而是我与她的开始。
“让我们欣赏我们自己真正欣赏的东西”面对孤独，拉姆齐夫人适应，拉姆齐先生不适很喜欢蒋勋在《孤独六讲》里面说过，“寂寞会发慌，孤独则是饱满的。
”有时候，你要辨别你是寂寞还是孤独。
孤独对拉姆齐夫人来说，是严肃的，同时也是值得享受。
在她对外的一切付出都暂时告一段落后，拉姆齐夫人才可以松一口气。
“现在她再也不必顾忌任何人了。
她能够恢复她的自我，不为他人所左右了。
正是在现在这样的时刻，她经常感到需要——思索；嗯，甚至还不是思索，是寂静；是孤独。
所有那些向外拓展、闪闪发光、音响杂然的存在和活动，都已烟消云散；现在，带着一种严肃的感觉，她退缩回她的自我——一个楔形的黑暗的内核。
虽然她正襟危坐，继续编织正是在这种状态之中，她感到了她的自我；而这个摆脱羁绊的自我，是自由自在，可以在经历最奇特的冒险。
To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》介绍 ppt课件
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Section two
小说的中间部分即传统小说的重心是充满诗意的抒情 散文,几乎没有人物。
进入第二章，时光流逝的速度忽然变得非常快。这 十几年的时间被与那个下午相似的内容自动填充：每个 平凡的一天都差不多有拉姆齐夫人美貌、詹姆斯对父亲 的怨气、拉姆齐先生哲学之路上的奋斗……大战爆发了， 拉姆齐夫人和其中两个孩子去世了，卡迈克尔先生的诗 歌获得了巨大的名气。更重要的是，空屋衰败了。
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从人物性格上来说，莉丽反对传统，（与拉姆齐夫人 相反）她反对“必须结婚”、“竭力主张她本人应该排除 在这普遍的规律之外”、“喜欢保持自己的本色”。她对 拉姆齐夫人的感情是矛盾的，一方面认为拉姆齐夫人就像 一个家庭的核心，聚拢了所有成员（和客人），又多施慈 善，完美无瑕；另一方面又对拉姆齐夫人的处事方式感到 怀疑，“她不禁自问，如果每个人都是如此密不透风，你 怎么会对别人有所了解呢？”
Mr. Ramsay
拉姆齐先生正是伍尔芙父亲的原型，二人有着极多的相 似之处。都是受过良好教育的知识分子，在家庭中有着绝对 的权力和地位。拉姆齐先生是一位现实、严谨的哲学家。他 崇尚理性思考，痛恨幻想夸张。伍尔芙用二十六个英文字母 和钢琴的键盘来象征拉姆齐先生那种直线型的思维方式。这 种思维模式使他难以看到事物的整体，结果导致他身陷智慧 的泥沼，无法将事业开拓推进。
在小说的最后，当莉莉看到一家人向灯塔驶去时，她对
人生也有了更多的感悟，感受到了生命的真谛。
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小说中莉丽这个人物的设置很有意思，她在第一节 和第三节中一直在做两件事：画画与思考。所有的意识 流描写中莉丽占了很大一部分，并且她的见解总是最为 天马行空的：“她想到了生活是如何由彼此相邻而各自 独立的小事组合而成，凝聚为一个完整、起伏的波涛， 而人就随着这波涛翻腾起伏，在那儿，一下子冲到海滩 上。”
黑布林阅读到灯塔去摘抄
黑布林阅读到灯塔去摘抄到灯塔去/ To the Lighthouse1•“He was incapable of untruth; never tampered with a fact; never altered a disagreeable word to suit the pleasure or convenience of any mortal being ... one that needs, above all, courage, truth, and the power to endure.”(Mr. Ramsay)//人直面客观世界的一面，与Ramsay夫人代表的人的社会性的一面不同。
•“woe betide the girl—pray Heaven it was none of her daughters!—who did not feel the worth of it(something trustful, childlike, reverential), and all that it implied, to the marrow of her bones!“ (Mrs. Ramsay)// ？•"Strife, divisions, difference of opinion, prejudices twisted into the very fibre of being." (Mrs. Ramsay) //反过来，人与人之间的“和谐”正是Ramsay夫人的人生理念。
此处“和谐”并非真正的和谐，是Ramsay夫人目光所限的表面功夫。
2•she often felt herself—struggling against terrific odds to maintain her courage; to say: “But this is what I see; this is what I see ” (LilyBriscoe) // 在纷乱的世界中保持自己需要勇气。
论《到灯塔去》的叙述视角(一)
论《到灯塔去》的叙述视角(一)摘要：《到灯塔去》(TotheLighthouse)是传统的现实主义小说向现代主义小说转型的代表作品之一。
在小说中，作者伍尔夫极大地降低全知全能型叙述者的叙述比例，大量采用有限视角，从人物的主观角度进行叙述，并将叙述视角频繁转换，多视角叙述，从而凸现她所倡导的文学创作理念——主观真实。
关键词：小说《到灯塔去》叙述视角有限视角视角转换弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫(VirginiaWoolf，1882-1941)是现代主义小说的先锋代表，她在理论和实践两方面为现代主义小说的发展做出了杰出的贡献。
伍尔夫倡导主观真实论，在小说创作中，她摒弃了19世纪现实主义小说的常规，不再着重摹写外部世界的现实，而转向对人的主观精神世界的探索。
《到灯塔去》(TotheLighthouse)发表于1927年，是伍尔夫继《雅各的房间》和《达洛卫夫人》之后推出的又一部现代主义小说。
伍尔夫以新颖的创作理念与独特的艺术手法，将作品的内容与形式较为完美地统一起来，小说整体上是由一系列感觉、印象、思绪、回忆等心理活动构成，情节已经被淡化到无足轻重的地步。
小说较为完美地体现了伍尔夫的小说理论及写作技巧，是研究伍尔夫小说艺术的一个较好的切入点。
本文试从叙述视角方面来分析探讨小说的艺术特色。
一、有限视角(LimitedPointofView)叙述视角，简单地说，是指由谁来叙述故事以及如何叙述故事。
传统小说中，往往采用全知视角，叙述者是全知全能的“上帝”，可谓无所不知，无所不见。
这种叙述者的采用，降低了作品的真实度，让小说常带有主观说教和人为创作的痕迹。
作为现代主义小说的先锋代表，伍尔夫采用了新的叙述视角，使其作品能够更自由、更微妙地展现人物丰富而细腻的精神生活。
弗里德曼(Friedman)在《小说中的视角》将《到灯塔去》的叙述视角划分为“多重选择性的全知”(Multi-pleSelectiveOmniscience)类型。
到灯塔去 英语论文
Final paperAn Analysis of Virginia Woolf’s Thoughts of Gender and Gender Differences in To the LighthouseRequirements:Content: You may write a term paper on the following novels:1.The Catcher in the Rye2.To the LighthouseEvaluation:Abstract:Virginia Woolf(1882-1941) is a renowned English writer best known for her novels and essays. To the Lighthouse is one of her great works. This paper is mainly study three issues: feminism, the understanding of gender and the thoughts of gender differences.摘要：弗吉尼亚. 伍尔夫（1882-1941）是一位以小说和散文而著名的英国作家。
《到灯塔去》是她的佳作之一。
本篇论文主要研究的三个问题是：女性主义，对于性别的理解以及有关性别差异的思考。
OutlineTitle: An Analysis of Virginia Woolf’s Thoughts of Gender and Gender Differences in To the LighthouseⅠ.IntroductionⅡ. Body:A.Woolf and feminismB.Woolf’s androgynous visionC.Gender differences1.Definition of gender difference2.Woolf’s thoughts of gender differencesⅢ. ConclusionⅠ. Introduction:Virginia Woolf was born Adeline Virginia Stephen on 25 January, 1882 inLondon. She was an English novelist and essayist, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs. Dalloway(1925), To the Lighthouse(1927) and Orlando(1928) and the book-length essay A Room of One’s Own(1929) with its famous dictum, “ A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction”Wang wenyan, a postgraduate of Hunan University in the paper Female Consciousness in To the Lighthouse analyzes two major female characters, Mrs. Ramsay and Lily Briscoe from the feminist criticism point of view. At first, she studies the growth of Virginia Woolf’s feminism and analyzes “Angel in the House”and “the undercurrent in Mrs. Ramsay”. This paper is very good at focusing on one topic that is Virginia Woolf’s feminism. It offers me some knowledge about feminism and makes me more familiar with this book.Cheng ying, a posts graduate from Zhengzhou University in her paper Virginia Woolf’s Art of Fiction in To the Lighthouse studies her typical stream-of-consciousness technique, musical methods, cinematic methods and poetic methods. And she mainly analyzes how these techniques used in the novel. Through reading this paper it is helpful for us to have a hint of Wool’f’s writing skills.Li songyue, a scholar of Zhengzhou University in his paper 《<到灯塔去>两性形象的象征意义阐述》he mainly studies the narrative strategy----symbolism and gender perspective. Through the comparison of different genders’ personality, action, thinking symbolic colors and finally comes out the conclusion that in the book To the Lighthouse some objects are the symbols of genders.But in this paper, what I want to study is gender and gender differences in the novel To the Lighthouse. I will talk about feminism, androgynous thoughts and genderdifferences in the novel.Ⅱ. Virginia Woolf’s Thoughts of Gender and Gender Differences in To the LighthouseA. Woolf and feminismFeminism is an intellectual, philosophical and political discourse aimed at equalrights and legal protection for women. It involves various movements, theories and philosophies, all concerned with issues of gender difference that advocate equality for women and that campaign for women’s rights and interests.Virginia Woolf’s feminist thoughts widely cover the fields of society, politics, ethics, aesthetics, etc. and the need for freedom for the female is the primary theme in her ethical scheme. Gender and politics, morality and psychological desire are mixed together inextricably in her presentation of human motivation. In spite of all of these, Virginia Woolf has never, even once in her life, admitted that she herself is an advocator for feminism and insists that what she did was just studying it. Here we can see the complexity of Woolf’s feminist position and the flexibility with which she may be read as a feminist.In To the Lighthouse, Mrs. Ramsay and Lily Briscoe are the two female figures that Woolf mainly describes. However, they impress the readers strikingly for their views about the way to realize their own dreams and to escape from nothingness. Through the reading of Woolf’s different descriptions of Mrs. Ramsay and Lily Briscoe, we may find Woolf’s thoughts of female in the novel.Mrs. Ramsay is a competent and intelligent housewife. She supports her husband by running the house smoothly and endures domestic anxiety alone so that the daily chores won’t interrupt Mr. Ramsay’s serious thoughts on reason and logic. She miraculously manages to run the house without disturbing her husband. The financial condition of the family is exposed by one of the guests, Mr. Bankes’ perception of the family. “The Ramsays were not rich, and it was a wonder how they managed to contrive it all. Eight children! To feed eight children on philosophy!” In fact, the wonder maker is Mrs. Ramsay. With herwisdom in housework she successfully shoulders the responsibility of house management without any help from her husband. Though she is worried about the household, she tries her best not to disturb him. The refrain of the bill for the greenhouse roof looms but she decides not to tell him. “She had it on the tip of her tongue to say, as they strolled, ‘It’ll cost fifty pounds,’ but instead, for her heart failed her about money, she talk ed about Jasper shooting birds …” Mrs. Ramsay feels it her obligation to keep the husband away from the worries of small daily family life.Being a good mother is another criterion of the ideal Victorian womanhood. Woolf depicts such a good mother in this novel. Mrs. Ramsay protects her children from disillusion. When her son, James hopes for a trip to the lighthouse the next day and the father declares bad weather, it is Mrs. Ramsay who insists upon the possibility of a clear day. In this way she protects the sensitive mind of the child, retaining hope and faith in him, which shows her reverence for the spirit in others. What’s more, Mrs. Ramsay also protects her children from the chaotic adult world. By intuition, she knows the world is full of misery and sufferings.Apart from Mrs. Ramsay, Lily is the other important female figure in To the Lighthouse. She admires and loves Mrs. Ramsay and shares a lot with her. However, their differences exceed their similarity. Compared with Mrs. Ramsay who is presented as an ideal woman of Victorian period, Lily represents the woman image of the new generation. She holds her unique views on marriage, which collides with the established and long standing Victorian customs of marriage. She develops her individual relationships with the opposite sex, which challenges the unitary relationship of marriage between the two sexes. She ventures into the career of painting, which has been the preserved domain of men. She courageously fights against any difficulties and obstacles that come in her way to self independence and self realization.B. Woolf’s androgynous visionAndrogyny is a term derived from two Greek words which can refer to either of two related concepts about gender: the mixing of masculine and feminine characteristics, as in fashion statements; or the balance of “anima and animus” in psychoanalytic theory. For Woolf, the psyche is composed of two parts, one male and the other female, and only when the two are fused into one will the mind be able to produce art.In Woo lf’s opinion, there exist two genders in human cerebrum –male and female and each pair forms a complementary whale. There is no apparent hierarchical order between them: the only dominance is the feminine part in the woman’s brain, and vice versa for man. Woolf’s choice of the word “fatal” is particularly important for an understanding of the high premium she places on androgyny. An importantaspect of Woolf’s argument for androgyny insists that writers should shun consciousness of their own sex when they write because pressures to conform to social gender roles create barriers that are “fatal” to creativity. She thinks that androgynous writing is not only an ideal, but also a reality. As for Woolf, “Perhaps a mind that is purely masculine cannot create, any more than a mind that is purely feminine”. She thinks that Shakespeare’s mind is a type of the androgynous of the man-womanly mind.C. Gender differences1. Definition of gender differenceThe term “gender difference” refers to a distinction of biologic al and/or physiological characteristics typically associated with either males or females of a species in general. In the study of humans, socio-political issues arise in classifying whether a sex difference results from the biology of gender. Some feminists see gender differences as caused by patriachy or discrimination, although Difference Feminism argues for an acceptance of gender differences. Conservative masculists tend to see gender differences as inherent in human nature, while liberal masculists see gender differences as caused by matriarchy or discrimination.2. Woolf’s thoughts of gender differencesWoolf’s thoughts of gender differences are formed through her understanding of the social prejudice towards all fields that related to women.There is no doubt that Woolf not only realizes the existence of gender differences and she also advocates protecting the existence. The gender differences are caused by two major aspects: the subjective social ideology that treats men and women differently and considers different genders should have different roles; and the objective existence of psychological and physical differences between different genders. These two aspects are respectively subjective cause and objective cause. In conclusion, the essence of Woolf’s thoughts of gender differences is: 1) admission of the existence of gender differences, in both subjective and objective aspects; 2) opposition to the subjective and prejudiced thoughts of genderdifferences; and 3) promotion of the objective gender differences and encouragement of the existence of such differences.In To the Lighthouse, Woolf presents clear portraits of male and femalecharacters. The characters she describes most carefully are Mr. Ramsay and Mrs. Ramsay. In the novel, the both Mr. Ramsay and Mrs. Ramsay want to create a harmonious atmosphere among people and try to be understandable to others. However, they have different outlooks on life and their attitudes and behaviors are also significantly different.In To the Lighthouse, Virginia Woolf discusses the influence of the traditional conception about different genders, which is the cause of gender differences. Mrs. Ramsay in the novel is the typical woman who is the slave fostered by men. Although she is not satisfied with the life of losing herself and lacking for self-confidence, she still worships her husband blindly, depends on her husband and subordinates to her husband. Besides playing the role of a virtuous wife and a lovely mother initiatively in the family and an elegant hostess in social situations, she still makes use of her influential power. Mrs. Ramsay does not only comply with social customs herself, she also impels others: she arranges for the marriage between Paul and Minta and tries to persuade Lily to marry Mr. Bankes. Under the influence of such traditional conception about different genders, Lily still feels that she can’t get rid of social prejudice to concentrate her attention on the art of painting although she is a woman having her own inclination. She always feels that she is just a second-class painter, and her works will not be hung on the wall to be seen by people. Furthermore, there is Mr. Tansley whispering in her ear, “Women can’t paint, women can’t write” obvious that her feeling of failure is caused by the influence of the traditional conception about different genders that women are inferior to men.Another great difference between different genders is that Mr. Ramsay is more realistic while Mrs. Ramsay more idealistic. This can be seen, in the very beginning of the novel, from the attitudes towards whether the Ramsays can go to the lighthouse the next day. Mrs. Ramsay says: “Yes, of course if it’s fine tomorrow, but you’ll have to be up with the lark,” then they will go to the lighthouse. These words convey an extraordinary joy to her son. But her husband comes over and refutes: “But, it won’t be fine”. What he says is the truth and the truth forever; he does not resort to deception and distort the fact, and he will not say some harsh words mildly and indirectly to satisfy others. Mrs. Ramsay comforts James: “But it may be fine –Iexpect it will be fine” (ibid.: 260). Although she has no idea about the weather of thenext day, Mrs. Ramsay is not only idealistic herself, but also wants to give her son comfort and hope. Mr. Ramsay, on the other hand, is not only rational as mentioned before, but also realistic, directly telling his son that the weather will not be fine and they can’t go to the lighthouse the next day. To Mr. Ramsay, the reality towers abo ve the rest, i.e., it’s much more important to respect the facts than to care for children. Therefore, his little son James is even anxious to kill him. As a philosopher, he may be skilled at explaining and dealing with everything in the world with his sense and logic. However, when he applies this kind of attitude to real life, such attitude seems so stubborn that he even denies human nature and suppresses others’ feeling, not only in his learning, but also in dealing with human relationship.The third difference between different genders lies in the aesthetic appreciations. Mr.Ramsay can’t feel the beauty of nature at all. In this novel, male characters come into society,engaging in scientific study. Thinking themselves as the creators of the culture, men talk about science and politics. Yet being deprived of the rights to receive education, women have to stay at home and stand beyond culture. Mr. Ramsay and Mrs. Ramsay have different reactions to the scenes of nature. For example, when Mr. Ramsay has a wal k with his wife by the seaside“he thought, looking at the land dwindling away… Poor little place,” but Mrs. Ramsay considers, “He said the mostmelancholy things,” and believes that “it was a perfectly lovely evening”.Ⅲ. ConclusionOn the whole, this dis sertation expounds on Virginia Woolf’s thoughts of gender and gender differences through the analysis of her thoughts of feminism manifested in her novel To the Lighthouse. From our analysis of the characters in the novel To the Lighthouse, we can see that Woolf’s perspective of women is unique. According to Woolf, women are not inferior to men in any field.In my opinion, the basis of Virginia Woolf’s androgynous theory has something in common with her thoughts of gender differences to a certain extent. Androgynous theory advocates that men and women command the chaotic world in their own way: men rely on their reason and logic; women rely on their intuition and self-awareness. In fact, what Woolf insists as part of her thoughts of gender differences is that mentend to be more reasonable than women and women more sensitive than men. In addition, Woolf’s thoughts of gender differences can be regarded as a bridge, connecting Woolf’s thoughts of feminism and androgynous vision.Virginia Woolf’s thoughts of wom en still have practical significance in our modern society. Nowadays, women’s social position has been greatly improved, but there are many unfair treatments of women in the society, especially in finding jobs. There are many women isolated in their families after marriage, which is partly caused by their insufficient confidence in themselves. So it is time to get rid of the biased thoughts of gender differences about women and women themselves should believe that they can do many things like men. However, as a matter of fact, women should realize that they have both advantages and disadvantages. In this sense, women should not reject all male qualities and they need to absorb some male qualities to become perfect ones. In this way, women and men can draw the strong points of others to offset their own weakness, so that our society can get a harmonious development. In short, Virginia Woolf has made a great contribution to English literature and she will always be remembered as one of the most prominent women writers in England forever.Reference[1] 程英. Art of Fiction in To the Lighthouse [D].郑州：郑州大学，2002[2]李嵩岳. 《到灯塔去》两性形象的象征意义阐述[D]. 郑州，郑州大学，2009 [2] 吴庆宏. 弗吉尼亚伍尔夫与女权主义[M]. 北京: 中国社会科学出版社, 2005.[4]. 王文艳. 《到灯塔去》中的女性意识[D].长沙：湖南师范大学，2001。
伍尔夫及其经典《到灯塔去》_英语文学名着精读
Her works:
• The Voyage Out (1915) • Night and Day (1919) • Jacob’s Room (1920) • Monday or Tuesday (1921) • Mrs Dalloway (1925) • The Common Reader, First Series (1925) • To the Lighthouse (1927) • Orlando (1928) • A Room of One’s Own (1929) • The Waves (1931) • Flush: A Biography (1933) • The Common Reader, Second Series (1925) • The Years (1937) • Three Guineas (1938) • Between the Acts (1941)
Her breakdowns and subsequent recurring depressive periods were also induced by the sexual abuse she and her sister Vanessa were subject to by their half-brothers.
1. Please compare her life experience with the publication of her works, What is relationship between Woolf life suffering with her writing career?
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在小说的第一部分，莉丽身上的两性气质并不平衡， 表现在男性气质占优势，如她反对篡改色调，坚持以理 性的态度对待绘画创作。 第三部分的时候，莉丽身上的女性特征才突显出来， 她敏感而细腻，最终完成画作。
Theme
女性主义运动被认为是历史上最漫长的革命。其中，对于 女性气质的争议一直很激烈。在弗吉尼亚 • 伍尔芙的代表作 《到灯塔去》中，作者通过莉丽•布里斯科对女性气质从抛却 到认可再到超越的心路历程，揭示了女艺术家在男性占主导 的社会中为实现自己的理想所经历的艰难和困惑，以及女性 主义的真谛。指出只有培养双性头脑才是妇女解放的真正出 路。 综上分析 , 可以看出小说《到灯塔去》是一部带有鲜明女 性主义特征的文学作品与后世的激进女性主义相比,其对女性 主义理解的深度和广度早已超越了时代的限制,也毫不逊色。
Mr. Ramsay
拉姆齐先生正是伍尔芙父亲的原型，二人有着极多的相 似之处。都是受过良好教育的知识分子，在家庭中有着绝对 的权力和地位。拉姆齐先生是一位现实、严谨的哲学家。他 崇尚理性思考，痛恨幻想夸张。伍尔芙用二十六个英文字母 和钢琴的键盘来象征拉姆齐先生那种直线型的思维方式。这 种思维模式使他难以看到事物的整体，结果导致他身陷智慧 的泥沼，无法将事业开拓推进。
从人物性格上来说，莉丽反对传统，（与拉姆齐夫人 相反）她反对“必须结婚”、“竭力主张她本人应该排除 在这普遍的规律之外”、“喜欢保持自己的本色”。她对 拉姆齐夫人的感情是矛盾的，一方面认为拉姆齐夫人就像 一个家庭的核心，聚拢了所有成员（和客人），又多施慈 善，完美无瑕；另一方面又对拉姆齐夫人的处事方式感到 怀疑，“她不禁自问，如果每个人都是如此密不透风，你 怎么会对别人有所了解呢？” 因此，一个“紫色的三角”将拉姆齐夫人给詹姆斯讲 故事概括起来，体现了紫色的在冷暖之间游离不定的特点。 同样的场景，莉丽用绘画，伍尔夫用写作，表达了同样的 思考，显然莉丽就是伍尔夫的自画像，是整本小说的真正 主人公。
作家的语言也体现了所谓的女性化特征:句子松散、零 碎、常常拉得很长。小说在女作家的手里,已经变成了她抒 发诗歌情感的出口,变成了她书写女性独特情感和体验的工 具,是一曲变相的抒情挽歌。 stream-of-consciousness literary technique 意识流 在《到灯塔去》中，伍尔芙没有采取直接内心独白的 方案，而是借助间接内心独白来反映人物的思想，行为和 性格。在叙述中，利用第三人称他者来讲述，人物角色的 心理活动也通过作者的加工和重组后再间接呈现，使褥人 物角色的言行都具有了连贯性和逻辑性。作者在这里的作 用是领读者，导航人，来带领普通读者充分理解人物的言 行与思维。
拉姆齐先生强烈的自我意识与他自私的个性： 拉姆齐先生试图凭借理性与逻辑来解释和处理世上的 一切。他在现实生活中，对任何事实都顶礼膜拜，从不肯 为让他人感到愉快而改变一句不中听的话。拉姆齐先生教 育子女们，同样坚持现实与真理。詹姆斯想在第二天驾船 到小岛上去看灯塔， 拉姆齐先生却全然不顾儿子的热情和 愿望，断言明天的天气不会好，不能去灯塔，甚至因拉姆 齐太太对儿子“也许明天天气好”的安慰而颇为气愤。
Section three
最后一节，大战结束后，一家人重新回到小屋，终于 达成了“到灯塔去”的愿望，莉丽在远处也完成了她的绘 画，“包括所有那些碧绿湛蓝的色彩，纵横交错的线条， 以及企图表现某种意念的内涵”。莉丽与伍尔夫同时放下 笔，聆听在时空中回响的意识的絮语。
Character analysis
小说中莉丽这个人物的设臵很有意思，她在第一节 和第三节中一直在做两件事：画画与思考。所有的意识 流描写中莉丽占了很大一部分，并且她的见解总是最为 天马行空的：“她想到了生活是如何由彼此相邻而各自 独立的小事组合而成，凝聚为一个完整、起伏的波涛， 而人就随着这波涛翻腾起伏，在那儿，一下子冲到海滩 上。”
Stru Content 3. Character analysis 4. Theme
Background
伍尔芙的母亲在她十三岁时去世，她对于母亲形象 的描述一直停留在她脑海中，母亲的一言一行，一举一 动，她的爱好，她的生活习惯，都在伍尔芙脑中挥之不 去，给她留下了深刻的记忆。在伍尔芙二十二岁时，父 亲去世，父亲的形象也永远地停留在她的脑海中。正是 这种深刻的形象令她十分纠结，并一直困扰着她，于是， 为了能够将父亲与母亲的形象以及与她的情感真正的抒 理清晰，她决定写一部小说。
Brief content
1.
2. 3.
A long , boring afternoon
Mrs. Ramsay 、World War Ⅰ、children’s death A journey to the lighthouse
Section one
小说的第一部分不紧不慢地讲了一个漫长的下午，数位人 物的状况。 拉姆齐夫妇一家和几位朋友在斯开岛上他们的海边别墅里 度夏。9月中旬的一天，下午6点钟左右，拉姆齐太太倚窗而 立，窗外是花草树木，远处是海浪和灯塔。地凝视着海上忽 明忽暗的灯塔，陷入冥想中。她的意识不时对灯塔闪烁不停 的灯光作出反应；同时，周围发生的一切也没有逃开她的意 识屏幕。她的小儿子詹姆斯想在第二天驾船到小岛上去看灯 塔，拉姆齐先生却全然不顾儿子的热情和愿望，断言明天的 天气不会好，不能去灯塔。拉姆齐太太慈爱地安慰儿子“也 许明天天气好”，并说如果天气好，就到灯塔去。
Section two
小说的中间部分即传统小说的重心是充满诗意的抒情 散文,几乎没有人物。 进入第二章，时光流逝的速度忽然变得非常快。这 十几年的时间被与那个下午相似的内容自动填充：每个 平凡的一天都差不多有拉姆齐夫人美貌、詹姆斯对父亲 的怨气、拉姆齐先生哲学之路上的奋斗……大战爆发了， 拉姆齐夫人和其中两个孩子去世了，卡迈克尔先生的诗 歌获得了巨大的名气。更重要的是，空屋衰败了。
Mrs. Ramsay
拉姆齐夫人美丽贤惠，善于持家，喜欢幻想，注重 感性，是感性世界中的完美女性，拉姆齐夫人竭力使孩 子幼小的心灵不受到客观真理的伤害。 拉姆齐夫人的法 宝是博爱众生，用她女性的感性和关爱，使周围的人快 乐满足，从而抵御那个不尽如人意的现实世界。与刻板、 理性的丈夫相比，拉姆齐夫人则显得充满了幻想。她热 爱自然的、美的事物。
Miss Lily Briscoe
莉丽是一个具有颠覆力量的女性角色。在伍尔芙的女性 主义主张中，莉丽正是她自己的化身。 她从一个新的角度来审视家庭中的每一个成员，她欣赏 拉姆齐夫人的温柔优雅，在她去世后很久仍然非常怀念她， 她热爱艺术，能够为艺术倾注所有的心血。 她具有成熟的女性思想及独立的精神，勇于拒绝婚姻， 她依靠画画来展现自己的思想。她与拉姆齐夫人有着本质的 不同，她把生活的希望都寄手在自己身上，寄托在艺术身上， 所以，她不会担心这一切支柱的消失。于是，她在艺术创作 中尽情地展现自己的意念。 在小说的最后，当莉莉看到一家人向灯塔驶去时，她对 人生也有了更多的感悟，感受到了生命的真谛。