英语句子种类与类型

英语句子种类与类型I、句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句II、句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句I、句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，位于在后。

She arrived early. She cannot have arrived now.注：1）半否定句 I hardly know anything about it.2）部分否定句与全否定句I don’t like both the films.I like neither Cathy nor Mary.3)否定转移I don’t think it will be very cold today.(believe, expect, suppose,imagine)2、疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。

1）一般疑问句用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。

Have you anything to say? Did someone phone me last night?Can’t you understand it? Isn’t it a beautiful lake?---Haven’t you been to the UK?---No, I haven’t.2）特殊疑问句疑问词有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。

（1）陈述语序Who was the first man in space?（2）倒装语序Who are you talking about?注：A、简略式Why not go alone? Why get so angry?How/What about taking a rest?B、复杂特殊疑问句What do you think he has done?3）选择疑问句(1)以一般疑问句为基础Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?Shall I help you or can you manage?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础Which do you prefer, red wine or white?How shall we go there? By bus or by train?4）反义疑问句问：+，-？或-，+？答：+，+. 或-，-.1.Tom hardly knows French, ______ ______?2.—Mary didn't fail her exam, did she? ---______, she didn‘t.3.You needn’t come, ______ you?You need to come, ______ you?4.He had a big time there, ______ he? He had a car, ______ he?We hardly have to get up early, ______ we? 5.He used to live in Leeds, ______ he?3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。

1）带第二人称的祈使句Be quiet, please. Don’t make any noise!You call a taxi. Don’t you forget it.(强调)Give me a hand, will/won’t/would/wouldn’ you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句Let me try again. Let’s go. Let us go.Let’s not say anything about it./Don’t let’s say…Let him be here by 10 o’clock.注意：1、加强语气Do be careful of my broken leg.Do let me have another try.2 、祈使句的省略式A:Shall I open the window? B:Yes, please do./ No, please don’t.A:Shall we watch the game? B:Yes, let’s.4、感叹句由what 或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。

What a cute baby it is! What fine weather we have today!What a good time we had last night! How foolish she is!How clearly you speak! How clever a boy he is!What a dirty room, ______ ______?What interesting films, ______ ______?5、THERE-BE存在句There is a clock on the table. Once there lived a king called Lear.There goes the bell! Here come the bus. Here he comes.There used to be a village at the foot of the mountain.There is certain to be a heavy rain tonight.There seems to be some misunderstanding.There is a baby crying in the next door.There being no bus, we had to walk home.简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句1、简单句只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。

All roads lead to Rome.He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.Is he a superman? Don’t be shy. Have a try.The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.2、并列句包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,or else,so,for,while,when;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,not only…,but also,as well as 等来连接。

He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan.Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.Don’t be late, for there is a meet ing.3、复合句复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。

Hurry up, or you’ll be late.He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone.He was enjoying his KFC when a friend came.（1）名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。

宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态。

主语/表语/同位从句注意事项：引导词、语序、语态。

注意：1、whether与if的区别；2、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。

那么，一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变来的呢？3、复合句（2）定语从句=先行词+引导词+其它。

引导词的选用取决于：1）先行词；2）先行词的修饰语；3）引导词在定语从句中的成分。

注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；1、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,whenever,as long as,as soon as;the moment,every time,next time;no sooner…than,hardly…when ）；2、地点（where,wherever）；3、方式（as,as if,as though）；4、程度（as…as, more than,so…that,such…that）；3、复合句(3)状语从句即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：1、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,whenever,as long as,as soon as;the moment,every time,next time;no sooner…than,hardly…when ）；2、地点（where,wherever）；3、方式（as,as if,as though）；4、程度（as…as, more than,so…that,such…that）；6、结果（,so that,so…that,such…that）；7、目的（so that,in order that,in case）；8、条件（if,unless）；9、让步（though,although,even if,even though,in spite of the fact that ,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,no matter how,whether）。

3、复合句并列复合句即并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。

English is widely used in the world, but China has the largest number of people who speak Chinese.。