电子商务英文版最新版课件ch08
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商业应用统计(英文版)ch08
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2
Estimating the Population Mean
A point estimate is a statistic taken from a sample that is used to estimate a population parameter. Interval estimate - a range of values within which the analyst can declare, with some confidence, the population lies.
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7
Distribution of Sample Means for 95% Confidence
.025 95% .4750 .4750
.025
X Z
-1.96
0
1.96
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interval Estimate
xz or xz
s
n
s
n n z the number of std. dev. associatedwit h certainconfidence
xz
s
s thestd. dev. of thepopulation
n thesamplesize
15
Estimating the Mean of a Normal Population: Sample Size is Small
The distribution of sample means is approximately normal if the population has a normal distribution. The z formulas can be use to estimate a population mean if the value of the population Standard Deviation is known.
2
Estimating the Population Mean
A point estimate is a statistic taken from a sample that is used to estimate a population parameter. Interval estimate - a range of values within which the analyst can declare, with some confidence, the population lies.
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7
Distribution of Sample Means for 95% Confidence
.025 95% .4750 .4750
.025
X Z
-1.96
0
1.96
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interval Estimate
xz or xz
s
n
s
n n z the number of std. dev. associatedwit h certainconfidence
xz
s
s thestd. dev. of thepopulation
n thesamplesize
15
Estimating the Mean of a Normal Population: Sample Size is Small
The distribution of sample means is approximately normal if the population has a normal distribution. The z formulas can be use to estimate a population mean if the value of the population Standard Deviation is known.
电子商务英语8
Unit 8 Customer Relationship Management
学习指导： 本章将介绍： 客户行为与关系程度 客户的争取、转变与维系 客户关系管理的技术支持
精选2021版课件
1
8.0 Introduction
• Customer Relationship Management solutions help your customers feel in control by being able to access information when, where and how they want to. The result: they have more power, more choices and fewer reasons to turn to your c15
• (1). Browsers
• Some visitors to a company's Web site are just surfing or browsing. Web sites intended to appeal to potential customers in this mode must offer them something that inspires their interest.
精选2021版课件
4
8.1 Customer Behavior and Relationship Intensity
To market the commodities on web, companies should use the Web to target specific customers in different ways at different times.
学习指导： 本章将介绍： 客户行为与关系程度 客户的争取、转变与维系 客户关系管理的技术支持
精选2021版课件
1
8.0 Introduction
• Customer Relationship Management solutions help your customers feel in control by being able to access information when, where and how they want to. The result: they have more power, more choices and fewer reasons to turn to your c15
• (1). Browsers
• Some visitors to a company's Web site are just surfing or browsing. Web sites intended to appeal to potential customers in this mode must offer them something that inspires their interest.
精选2021版课件
4
8.1 Customer Behavior and Relationship Intensity
To market the commodities on web, companies should use the Web to target specific customers in different ways at different times.
电子商务讲解课件(英文)Lecture
Customer service
Effective channels for customers to get help and resolve issues.
03
E-commerce Businesses
Marketplace
Marketplace Amazon Alibaba eBay
A platform that brings together buyers and sellers to facilitate transactions.
A crowdfunding platform that allows individuals or groups to raise funds for personal causes or charitable
projects.
Airbnb
A peer to peer e-commerce platform that allows
01
02
03
起始阶段
20世纪90年代初，电子商 务出现，以静态网页展示 产品信息。
发展阶段
20世纪90年代末至21世 纪初，电子商务平台兴起 ，在线购物逐渐普及。
成熟阶段
21世纪中期至今，移动支 付、社交电商、跨境电商 等多元化模式涌现。
Types of E-commerce
01
02
03
04
B2B (Business-to-Business) ：企业与企业之间的电子商务
Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc., used for secure, decentralized transactions.
Delivery and Logistics
In-store pickup
Effective channels for customers to get help and resolve issues.
03
E-commerce Businesses
Marketplace
Marketplace Amazon Alibaba eBay
A platform that brings together buyers and sellers to facilitate transactions.
A crowdfunding platform that allows individuals or groups to raise funds for personal causes or charitable
projects.
Airbnb
A peer to peer e-commerce platform that allows
01
02
03
起始阶段
20世纪90年代初，电子商 务出现，以静态网页展示 产品信息。
发展阶段
20世纪90年代末至21世 纪初，电子商务平台兴起 ，在线购物逐渐普及。
成熟阶段
21世纪中期至今，移动支 付、社交电商、跨境电商 等多元化模式涌现。
Types of E-commerce
01
02
03
04
B2B (Business-to-Business) ：企业与企业之间的电子商务
Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc., used for secure, decentralized transactions.
Delivery and Logistics
In-store pickup
operating system《操作系统》ch08-main memory-57-PPT课件
8.6
Binding of Instructions and Data to Memory
Address binding of instructions and data to memory
addresses can happen at three different stages
Compile time: If memory location known a priori, absolute code can be generated; must recompile code if starting location changes Load time: Must generate relocatable code if memory location is not known at compile time
Routine is not loaded until it is called Better memory-space utilization; unused routine is never
Execution time: Binding delayed until run time if the process can be moved during its execution from one memory segment to another. Need hardware support for address maps (e.g., base and limit registers)
8.4
Base and Limit Registers
A pair of base and limit registers define the logical addressress protection with base and limit registers
ch08-kotler营销管理(第11版)-课件
Chapter Objectives
▪ In this chapter, we focus on six questions:
▪ What is the business market, and how does it differ from the consumer market?
▪ What buying situations do organizational buyers face?
8-21
The Purchasing/
Procurement Process
▪ General Need Description and Product Specification
▪ Product value analysis
▪ Supplier Search
▪ Vertical hubs ▪ Functional hubs ▪ Direct extranet links to
major suppliers ▪ Buying alliances
▪ Company buying sites ▪ Request for proposals (RFPs)
Copyright © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
8-22
Copyright © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
x
Product reliability
.30
x
Service reliability
.10
xபைடு நூலகம்
Supplier Flexibility
.10
x
Total score: .30(4) + .20(3) + .30(4) + .10(2) + .10(3) = 3.5
Derivative Markets 2nd Edition- Robert L.Mcdonald 原版PPT课件_CH08
Consider the swap price of $20.483/barrel. Relative to the forward curve price of $20 in 1 year and $21 in 2 years, we are overpaying by $0.483 in the first year, and we are underpaying by $0.517 in the second year Thus, by entering into the swap, we are lending the counterparty money for 1 year. The interest rate on this loan is
Chapter 8Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
8-7
Physical Versus Financial Settlement (cont’d)
• Whatever the market price of oil, the net cost to the buyer is the swap price, $20.483
0.517 / 0.483 1 7%
Given 1- and 2-year zero-coupon bond yields of 6% and 6.5%, 7% is the 1-year implied forward yield from year 1 to year 2
• If the deal is priced fairly, the interest rate on this loan should be the implied forward interest rate
电子商务英语unit08
电子商务英语
课件
制作人：张海波
Contents
回目录
Objective
8 Passage A
@ Activities On Passage A 8 Passage B @ Activities Onasic E-commerce Writing
& Related Reading : Work online
注 释 与 翻 译 板
4注解：此句主语companies被that引导的定语从句所修饰；主句的谓语动词是would like to；in the course of =during the course of =while。 大多数在网上开展业务时收集个人信息资料的公司都想能将这些资料用作其商用目 的。 1
回目录
学
习 目
标
Objective: In this unit, you will learn: • Personal privacy in e-commerce • Opt-in approach and opt-out approach • How to attract customers • Basic E-commerce English Writing Focus: Personal information dealt with by companies in electronic commerce Nodus: Personal information in an opt-in approach and in an opt-out approach
3) Who are opener to the exchange of personal information between companies, European countries or the U.S.?
课件
制作人：张海波
Contents
回目录
Objective
8 Passage A
@ Activities On Passage A 8 Passage B @ Activities Onasic E-commerce Writing
& Related Reading : Work online
注 释 与 翻 译 板
4注解：此句主语companies被that引导的定语从句所修饰；主句的谓语动词是would like to；in the course of =during the course of =while。 大多数在网上开展业务时收集个人信息资料的公司都想能将这些资料用作其商用目 的。 1
回目录
学
习 目
标
Objective: In this unit, you will learn: • Personal privacy in e-commerce • Opt-in approach and opt-out approach • How to attract customers • Basic E-commerce English Writing Focus: Personal information dealt with by companies in electronic commerce Nodus: Personal information in an opt-in approach and in an opt-out approach
3) Who are opener to the exchange of personal information between companies, European countries or the U.S.?
电子商务英文版最新版课件ch03
14
Online Music
• Recording industry slow to embrace • Largest stores: Amazon MP3, Apple’s iTunes,
Google Play • Subscription services to stream music
– Pandora Internet Radio, Spotify, Rhapsody
• Lands’ End Live (1999)
– Some sites offer text and video chat
11
Adding the Personal Touch (cont’d.)
• Personal shopper is an intelligent agent program that learns preferences and makes suggestions
• Same model can work for both sale types
– Business-to-consumer (B2C) – Business-to-business (B2B)
6
Web Catalog Revenue Models
• Adapted from mail-order (catalog) model
customers
3
Introduction
• Given the demand for photo and video storage, offering storage service would seem like an ideal online business
– Decreasing cosБайду номын сангаас of storage space and high-bandwidth Internet connections.
Online Music
• Recording industry slow to embrace • Largest stores: Amazon MP3, Apple’s iTunes,
Google Play • Subscription services to stream music
– Pandora Internet Radio, Spotify, Rhapsody
• Lands’ End Live (1999)
– Some sites offer text and video chat
11
Adding the Personal Touch (cont’d.)
• Personal shopper is an intelligent agent program that learns preferences and makes suggestions
• Same model can work for both sale types
– Business-to-consumer (B2C) – Business-to-business (B2B)
6
Web Catalog Revenue Models
• Adapted from mail-order (catalog) model
customers
3
Introduction
• Given the demand for photo and video storage, offering storage service would seem like an ideal online business
– Decreasing cosБайду номын сангаас of storage space and high-bandwidth Internet connections.
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12
Web Client/Server Architectures (cont’d.)
• Server receiving request message executes command included in message
– Retrieves Web page file from disk and creates a response message to send back to client
• Web browser requests files from Web server and uses the Internet as the transportation medium
– Request formatted by browser using HTTP and sent to server computer
– Identical in structure to request message (slightly different function)
• Response header line indicates server HTTP version, response status, status information explanation
• Web browser: a type of Web client software • Platform neutrality is the ability of a network to connect
devices using different operating systems
– Critical in rapid spread, widespread Web acceptance
• Software tools to create dynamic Web pages
– Microsoft , Apache Software Foundation Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) and Adobe ColdFusion
– AJAX (asynchronous JavaScript and XML) creates interactive Web sites that look like applications
• Response header field returns information describing server’s attributes
• Entity bodyd by the client machine
13
Web Client/Server Architectures (cont’d.)
7
Multiple Meanings of “Server”
• Server is any computer providing files or making programs available to other computers connected to it through a network
8
Multiple Meanings of “Server” (cont’d.)
• Database server runs database management software
• Transaction server runs accounting and inventory management software
servers • How to identify and manage e-mail and spam control issues • How commonly used Internet and Web site utility programs
work • What hardware online businesses use to power their Web
FIGURE 8-1 Platform neutrality of the Web
5
Dynamic Content Generation
• Static page is an unchanging page retrieved from stored Web server file(s)
• Dynamic page created in response to user request
• Ruby on Rails, Scala and Python (scripting language) are used to accomplish the same objectives
• Many Web sites use more than one language and/or development framework to accomplish specific objectives
• Web site and mobile app offer many high-resolution photographs and video chips
– Online news organizations face wide variation in user interest levels and need for Internet bandwidth
– Customized pages give user an interactive experience
• Client-side scripting software operates on the Web client (browser) and changes Web page display in response to a user’s actions (JavaScript or Adobe Flash)
– Server software makes files and programs available
• May be part of the operating system (OS) and be referred to as server software (confusing)
• Some servers connected to Internet via a router
• Web server’s main job to respond to Web client requests
– Main elements: Hardware, operating system software, and Web server software
4
© Cengage Learning 2017
• Server-side scripting program runs on a Web server and creates Web page in response to request for specific information from a Web client
6
Dynamic Content Generation (cont’d.)
– Optional entity body is used to pass bulk information to server
11
© Cengage Learning 2017
FIGURE 8-2 Message flows in a two-tier client/server network
• Repeating process of request, response, display • Web page with graphics can be slow because each
page element requires separate request and response
10
Web Client/Server Architectures (cont’d.)
• Basic model is two-tier client/server architecture
– One client and one server computer
• Request message is the Web client message sent to request file(s) from a Web server that consists of three major parts
CHAPTER 8 Web Server Hardware and Software
.
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn: • How a Web server performs its basic functions • What operating system and server software is used on Web
sites • How cloud computing and content delivery networks are
providing new Web infrastructure
2
Introduction
• Case study: Israel’s Channel 2 News
– Produces news content and programming for other Channel 2 shows, Web sites and its mobile device app
• “Server” describes several types of computer hardware and software
– Context needed to determine the intended meaning
9
Web Client/Server Architectures
Web Client/Server Architectures (cont’d.)
• Server receiving request message executes command included in message
– Retrieves Web page file from disk and creates a response message to send back to client
• Web browser requests files from Web server and uses the Internet as the transportation medium
– Request formatted by browser using HTTP and sent to server computer
– Identical in structure to request message (slightly different function)
• Response header line indicates server HTTP version, response status, status information explanation
• Web browser: a type of Web client software • Platform neutrality is the ability of a network to connect
devices using different operating systems
– Critical in rapid spread, widespread Web acceptance
• Software tools to create dynamic Web pages
– Microsoft , Apache Software Foundation Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) and Adobe ColdFusion
– AJAX (asynchronous JavaScript and XML) creates interactive Web sites that look like applications
• Response header field returns information describing server’s attributes
• Entity bodyd by the client machine
13
Web Client/Server Architectures (cont’d.)
7
Multiple Meanings of “Server”
• Server is any computer providing files or making programs available to other computers connected to it through a network
8
Multiple Meanings of “Server” (cont’d.)
• Database server runs database management software
• Transaction server runs accounting and inventory management software
servers • How to identify and manage e-mail and spam control issues • How commonly used Internet and Web site utility programs
work • What hardware online businesses use to power their Web
FIGURE 8-1 Platform neutrality of the Web
5
Dynamic Content Generation
• Static page is an unchanging page retrieved from stored Web server file(s)
• Dynamic page created in response to user request
• Ruby on Rails, Scala and Python (scripting language) are used to accomplish the same objectives
• Many Web sites use more than one language and/or development framework to accomplish specific objectives
• Web site and mobile app offer many high-resolution photographs and video chips
– Online news organizations face wide variation in user interest levels and need for Internet bandwidth
– Customized pages give user an interactive experience
• Client-side scripting software operates on the Web client (browser) and changes Web page display in response to a user’s actions (JavaScript or Adobe Flash)
– Server software makes files and programs available
• May be part of the operating system (OS) and be referred to as server software (confusing)
• Some servers connected to Internet via a router
• Web server’s main job to respond to Web client requests
– Main elements: Hardware, operating system software, and Web server software
4
© Cengage Learning 2017
• Server-side scripting program runs on a Web server and creates Web page in response to request for specific information from a Web client
6
Dynamic Content Generation (cont’d.)
– Optional entity body is used to pass bulk information to server
11
© Cengage Learning 2017
FIGURE 8-2 Message flows in a two-tier client/server network
• Repeating process of request, response, display • Web page with graphics can be slow because each
page element requires separate request and response
10
Web Client/Server Architectures (cont’d.)
• Basic model is two-tier client/server architecture
– One client and one server computer
• Request message is the Web client message sent to request file(s) from a Web server that consists of three major parts
CHAPTER 8 Web Server Hardware and Software
.
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn: • How a Web server performs its basic functions • What operating system and server software is used on Web
sites • How cloud computing and content delivery networks are
providing new Web infrastructure
2
Introduction
• Case study: Israel’s Channel 2 News
– Produces news content and programming for other Channel 2 shows, Web sites and its mobile device app
• “Server” describes several types of computer hardware and software
– Context needed to determine the intended meaning
9
Web Client/Server Architectures